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The Biological Treatment of Organic Food Waste

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The Biological Treatment of Organic Food Waste The Biological Treatment of Organic Food Waste HALYNA KOSOVSKA KTH Chemical Engineering and Technology Master of Science Thesis Stockholm 2006 KTH Chemical Engineering and Technology Halyna Kosovska THE BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT OF ORGANIC FOOD WASTE Supervisor & Examiner: Monika Ohlsson Master of Science Thesis STOCKHOLM 2006 PRESENTED AT INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY ROYAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY TRITA-KET-IM 2006:2 ISSN 1402-7615 Industrial Ecology, Royal Institute of Technology www.ima.kth.se Abstract This Master Thesis “The Biological Treatment of Organic Food Waste” is done in the Master’s Programme in Sustainable Technology at the Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) in co-operation with the company SRV återvinning AB. The report is dedicated to analyze different biological treatment methods (that is composting and fermentation), which are used for the handling of organic food waste. From this analysis I will suggest the best method or methods for the company SRV återvinning AB (the Södertörn Area in Sweden) and for the Yavoriv Region in Ukraine in order to increase the environmental performance and to improve the environmental situation in the regions. To be able to do this, a lot of factors are taking into consideration and are described and discussed in this Thesis Work. General characteristic of the regions, different means of control for organic food waste handling, sorting methods of organic waste, as well as composting and fermentation methods for treatment of organic waste are described and the advantages and disadvantages of these methods, their treatment and investment costs are distinguished in the Thesis. Different treatment methods are discussed from technical and economical points of view for applying them for the SRV and the Södertörn Area in Sweden and for the Yavoriv Region in Ukraine and some solutions for these two regions are suggested. Also some recommendations for further studies are done. 1 Acknowledgement It was a great experience for me to work on this Thesis at the Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) and at the company SRV återvinning AB at the same time and learning a lot about different methods of biological treatment of organic waste. I would like to thank the SRV that they allowed me to write my Master Thesis within their company and created very good conditions and very nice working environment for me during these almost six months of my work. Great thanks to my supervisor from the company Peter Nyström, who always was glad to help me in a lot of my questions, who gave a lot of good advices for me, arranged study visits and kept my work in the right direction. I am very grateful to Monika Ohlsson, my supervisor from the KTH, who introduced me to Waste Management and helped me in choosing of my Thesis Work theme. I would like to thank her for continual support during this work, for her very careful draft corrections and comments and for helping me in different questions, sometimes even when they were not connected to the Thesis Work. I would like to extend my gratitude to Myroslav Malyovanyj, my supervisor in Ukraine, who told me about different problems in Ukraine in waste management sphere and gave me good suggestions about what I should write about in my thesis work; for his help at a distance in different my questions concerning Ukraine, in searching the necessary information about my home country and for his good practical advices. My great thanks are to my boyfriend Yura for his everyday support and his input for my thesis. Also I would like to thank my friends Shoira, Inobat and Olesya for their help in different things concerning my work on thesis and to other groupmates for sharing our unforgettable studies at the Master’s Programme in Sustainable Technology. My gratitude, love and appreciation go to my family in Lviv in Ukraine, especially to my sister Natalya, who always supported me from distance. And I am grateful to my Ukrainian friends Yura, Ksyusha, Nastya, Nadya and others for their belief in me and for their moral support. And also to God for His unlimited gifts and blessings… Stockholm, 2006 Halyna Kosovska 2 Table of contents Abstract................................................................................................................................................ 1 Acknowledgement ............................................................................................................................... 2 Table of contents.................................................................................................................................. 3 List of figures ....................................................................................................................................... 5 List of tables......................................................................................................................................... 7 Glossary of terms................................................................................................................................. 8 Abbreviations .................................................................................................................................12 1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 13 1.1. Aims and Objectives ...............................................................................................................14 1.2. Methodology of work..............................................................................................................14 1.3. Scope and limitation of study..................................................................................................14 1.4. Outline of the report ................................................................................................................15 1.5. Background .............................................................................................................................16 1.6. Description of the problems ....................................................................................................16 1.6.1. In the Södertörn area in Sweden ......................................................................................16 1.6.2. In the Yavoriv Region in Ukraine....................................................................................17 2. The Study Area.............................................................................................................................. 18 2.1. General information about the Södertörn Area in Sweden .....................................................18 2.1.1. Geographic and climate characteristics............................................................................18 2.1.2. Regional economic and industrial situation .....................................................................19 2.1.3. Environmental and Waste management status.................................................................19 2.2. General information about the Yavoriv Region in Ukraine....................................................20 2.2.1. Geographic and climate characteristics............................................................................20 2.2.2. Regional economic and industrial situation .....................................................................21 2.2.3. Environmental problems ..................................................................................................21 2.3. Characteristic of the organic waste situation...........................................................................22 2.3.1. In Sweden and the Södertörn area....................................................................................23 2.3.2. In Ukraine and the Yavoriv region.......................................................................................23 3. Means of control for organic food waste handling..................................................................... 25 3.1. EU/Swedish laws, regulation and ordinances .........................................................................25 3.1.1. Regulation on animal by-products (EC No 1774/2002)...................................................27 3.2. National and Regional Goals...................................................................................................28 3.3. Approval and certification of composting and fermentation plants........................................30 3.3.1. Approval by SJV ..............................................................................................................30 3.3.2. Certification by RVF, SP .................................................................................................32 3.4. Legislation in Ukraine.............................................................................................................35 4. Biological treatment of organic food waste................................................................................. 37 4.1. Composting .............................................................................................................................37 4.1.1. Windrow composting .......................................................................................................39 4.1.2. In-vessel composting........................................................................................................40 4.1.3. Aerated static piles ...........................................................................................................41
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