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Safet Work Package 2 Final Recommendations for the Enhancement of Preventive Tunnel Safety

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Safet Work Package 2 Final Recommendations for the Enhancement of Preventive Tunnel Safety SafeT Work package 2 D2 report V2.0 Final Recommendations for the enhancement of preventive tunnel safety Version: Novermber 2005 Author: B.Martín (SICE) S. Vogler (H/B) C. Diers (H/B) M. Martens ( TNO) J. Lacroix ( DVR) M. Steiner ( ASFINAG) P.Schmitz (MRBC) M.Serrano (ETRA) 1 Table of contents 1. Abstract........................................................................................................... 4 2. Objectives........................................................................................................ 5 3. Introduction.................................................................................................... 6 4. Data collection................................................................................................ 8 5. Data analysis and practical examples........................................................ 9 5.1 Incident detection systems and methods............................................ 10 5.1.1 Loop Detection Systems....................................................................... 11 5.1.2 Radar detectors...................................................................................... 11 5.1.3Monitoring systems (CCTV, CCVE and Automatic Incident Detection Systems)................................................................................................ 11 5.1.4 Environmental and air quality monitoring devices.......................... 13 5.1.5 Automatic Fire Detection Devices....................................................... 14 5.2 Traffic management methods................................................................ 14 5.2.1 Measures concerning construction..................................................... 14 5.2.2 Regulations............................................................................................. 20 5.2.3 Traffic control and driver behaviour with traffic controlling equipment................................................................................................................ 24 5.2.4 Tunnel Traffic Management................................................................. 29 5.2.5 Measures concerning traffic observation........................................... 43 5.2.6 Measures concerning direct driver information................................ 43 5.2.7 Conclusion............................................................................................... 44 5.3 User information and communication methods.................................. 45 5.3.1 Introduction............................................................................................ 45 5.3.2 Clear speed limits, trajectory control................................................. 47 5.3.3 Gradual transitions to tunnel............................................................... 47 5.3.4 Tunnel lighting....................................................................................... 48 5.3.5 VMS.......................................................................................................... 48 5.3.6 Traffic lights and barriers..................................................................... 49 5.3.7 Information leaflets............................................................................... 50 5.3.8 Operator voice message....................................................................... 55 5.3.9 Remote supervision of emergency niche door................................. 57 5.3.10 Assistance after accident...................................................................... 57 5.3.11 System guidance to emergency escape routes................................ 59 5.3.12 Automatic radio information................................................................ 62 5.3.13 Use of an emergency lane inside the tunnel..................................... 62 5.3.14 Design of emergency doors and exits................................................ 63 5.3.15 Camera surveillance.............................................................................. 63 5.3.16 Communication between Rescue Units and Subway Operators.... 64 5.3.17 Use of mobile phone............................................................................. 65 5.3.18 Rescue Concepts for Public Tramway Transport.............................. 66 5.3.19 Height detection systems..................................................................... 68 5.3.20 Passenger Information Systems......................................................... 69 2 6. Proposal for EU guidelines.......................................................................... 71 6.1 General recommendations...................................................................... 71 6.2 Incident detection systems and methods............................................ 71 6.3 Traffic management methods................................................................ 71 6.4 User information and communication................................................... 72 7. Limitations..................................................................................................... 74 8. Recommendations........................................................................................ 75 9. References..................................................................................................... 76 3 1. Abstract The purpose of this document is to provide recommendations for the enhancement of safety in European tunnels from the viewpoint of different parts involved in the safety chain and based in current experiences and methodologies/ systems used around European tunnels. These recommendations are focused on the EU Directive with the objective of making it more useful for users, such as road authorities, tunnel operators and planners, and increase safety in tunnels. Previous to the definition of recommendations different activities took place. Data has been collected by different means such as internet search, bibliography review, consulting to experts, international organisations such as UNECE, PIARC, World Road Association and others to provide real cases experiences. Some gaps have been identified in data collection due to lack of reliable sources, low input obtained from other countries experiences. Thus, it is important to take into account that the recommendations produced on the EU Directive are made on this basis. In Chapter 5 of this report “Data analysis”, information related to experiences, best practices and last technology used around Europe to improve the safety in tunnels is placed. This section is divided in three subparagraphs each of one related to: Incident detection systems & methods, traffic management methods and user information and communication methods as stated in the document of work where a detailed analysis of the different systems and methods, best practices in different European countries and recommendations are presented. In Chapter 6 “Proposal for EU guidelines” general recommendations and specific ones are provided to the Corrigendum to Directive 2004/54/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2004 on minimum safety requirements for tunnels in the trans-European road network after its deep analysis and its comparison with the data collected. Limitations encountered during the data analysis are stated in Chapter 7.These limitations, such as reliability of data, insufficient data and other have been considered before establishing the recommendations. From the analysis of the limitations encountered some recommendations for future work are provided in Chapter 8. 4 2. Objectives The objective of this report is to provide recommendations for the enhancement of tunnel safety based on an analysis made on current systems and methods for incident detection, traffic management and user information and communication. That analysis concerned systems and methods for incident detection, traffic management methods in order to enhance preventive safety in European road tunnels and to identify information and communication methods to promote safer driver behaviour. Recommendations for the improvement of the safety of the existing tunnels will be made taking into account experiences and best practices in European countries. Cost of implementation and user acceptance as criteria of selection are provided only in the cases where possible. After the evaluation it has been checked that this is not a homogeneous criteria around Europe to establish recommendations. Gaps in the EU Directive have been identified and proposals for enhancement are based on the analysis of best practices and different experiences around Europe. These real cases and new technological developments have been compared with the EU Directive always trying to follow the international standards on safety. To elaborate this work input from WP1 related to current state of practice in tunnel safety has been taken into account and we expect that the output of this document will be useful for WP6 related to “Integrated tunnel safety management systems” and WP7 “Comprehensive guidelines on tunnels safety”. Therefore, in this WP a detailed analysis of the current existing systems and methods for incident detection, traffic management and user information and communication has been carried out. This analysis mainly consisted of real case studies, references, and literature review such as SafeT WP1 documentation, the Directive 2004/54/CE on minimum safety requirements for tunnels in trans- European networks, its corrigendum, the PIARC document about “traffic incident management
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