The Global Magazine of Leica Geosystems 03 Revolution in Motion

73 The Global Magazine of Leica Geosystems 03 Revolution in motion

06 From scan to plan into GIS A Message from 09 So much more than the President just the red box 12 Maximum safety for the new From preventing interruptions on metro lines to Copenhagen Metro Line ensuring fully-operational sewer systems, we are all well aware how infrastructure is central to a safe and 16 London Power Tunnels: productive community. With the global population Checking data integrity in real time increasing one major city every five days, organisa- tions that build and manage vital infrastructure face 19 Leica Captivate ushers daily challenges. in new industry era

From across our global customer base, professionals CONTENTS 22 High-end laser scanning under are using a wide variety of solutions in GIS, laser the Elbe River scanning, mobile mapping and even UAVs to keep critical infrastructures in good condition. 26 3D vision of an ancient city

Millions of commuters across the globe depend on 28 Building cities using UAV several modes of transportation daily. Safeguard- ing them in Copenhagen are Angermeier and SMT 32 Sustainably maintain and surveying firms using our total stations to monitor protect trees using GIS possible deformations of the new tunnel structure 35 At an unknown depth and affected buildings above ground. The California Department of Transportation employed Leica Scan- 38 Scanning a building in motion Stations to control design deviations of the ongoing improvement made to the Oakland Bay Bridge, which 40 3D laser scanning: collapsed during the 1989 San Francisco earthquake. Anticipating the uncontrollable

More and more governments are embracing the concept of smart cities. Improving urban development, IngenieurTeam GEO GmbH used the Aibot X6 UAV to model new construction in 3D for Waldshut-Tiengen, Germany. Without blocking the busy M6 motorway in the United Kingdom, the surveying agency Severn Imprint Partnership collected road assets with our mobile mapping solution Leica Pegasus:Two. Reporter: Leica Geosystems customer magazine Published by: Leica Geosystems AG, CH-9435 Heerbrugg Every day, our customers are demonstrating how to Editorial office: Leica Geosystems AG, 9435 Heerbrugg, Switzerland, Phone +41 71 727 31 31, solve the world’s infrastructure challenges. They are [email protected] shaping this changing world, and I’m honoured we Contents responsible: Konrad Saal are a part of that. I hope you enjoy reading this (Manager Marketing Communications) edition. Editors: Konrad Saal, Katherine Lehmuller, Monica Miller-Rodgers Publication details: The Reporter is published in English, German, French, Spanish, and Russian, twice a year. Reprints and translations, including excerpts, are subject to the editor’s prior permission in writing. © Leica Geosystems AG, Heerbrugg (Switzerland), August 2015. Printed in Switzerland Cover: © Severn Partnerhsip Juergen Dold A Leica Pegasus:Two captures road infrastructure President, Hexagon Geosystems and relating assets. Read the story on page 3.

2 | Reporter 73 in motion in Revolution road signs and SOS phones, centre lines, central central lines, centre phones, SOS and signs road as such assets barriers, crash limits, riageway car included area Midlands the in M6 the of tion (10-mile) sec a17-kilometre of survey detailed Afull plan. strategy maintenance and risk their for assets important collect to M6 the of tion asec survey to commissioned be to delighted was Partnership Severn technology, new this of benefits the on pass to Keen customers. their for projects andous construction infrastructure vari in technology cutting-edge this utilised has (Land) in based England, surveyors Shrewsbury, Geomatics Chartered of firm the Pegasus:Two, innovative solutions. Since acquiring the Leica and latest very the using customers its to services provide to strives Partnership Severn by Natalie Binder - - - -

of points of survey data per day. Logistically and and day. Logistically per data ofsurvey of points thousands Pegasus:Two, collecting a Leica of using time the twice taken have would project this out ry to car instruments station total traditional ber. Using to remem important also was oftime period short a in amotorway on surveyed to be ofassets volume vast The collected. was data the whilst open to remain needed motorway the as issue aserious were access to Restrictions option. an not was motorway busy ofthe section this closing and vast, are motorway M6 ofthe asection ofsurveying challenges The forroad surface drivers. safe and asmooth maintaining and holes pot eradicating maintained be can checks tenance main regular ensuring motorway the of layout overall the improve to needed was survey The and bridge lamp structures posts. reservation, The of LeicaGeosystemsGlobal Magazine |3 - - - >>

© Severn Partnership 4 | Reporter 73 traffic management throughout the cycle. project active for need the with increases project ofthe cost overall The ofamotorway. middle the in data collect it speaking, is dangerouspractically to for surveyors A more efficient collection process was needed. needed. was process collection efficient A more scanner records cross section data every 2millime every data section cross records scanner a LiDAR (6.5 feet). 2 metres Simultaneously, every image dome 360° afull capture then cameras seven and vehicle ofamoving roof to the attached is device The datasets. GIS as such information, more even to extract used be can and roads and bridges as such off, reflects laser the anything on measured nates coordi ofindividual millions are clouds point These section. route entire ofthe clouds point registered fully as well as plans 3D CAD 2D and with customers provide accurately and –to quickly vehicle moving a from information 3D geospatial of collecting cess Severn Partnership used mobile mapping – the pro –the mapping mobile used Partnership Severn motorway M6 the The best solution for mapping

Severn Partnership Severn higher accuracy and faster data collection. for making together, data cloud point and imagery calibrated to capture Partnership Severn allowed has mapping ofmobile use The time. survey conventional ofthe afraction in captured being data grade survey in (390 120 resulting metre foot) with range, second per points 1million impressive an to scan Partnership technology. The Leica Pegasus:Two enables Severn new this to adopt worldwide company second the mapping solution from becoming Leica Geosystems, mobile Pegasus:Two, new the Leica the in investment asignificant made Partnership 2014,In Severn experience. and expertise ofsurvey awealth in (BIM), mixed ling and to 3D model information building and survey utilities services, survey railway geomatics, in services sional profes offer They software. 3D modelling and ogy technol scanning 3D laser equipment, survey robotic latest the uses Partnership Severn overseas, and in Shrewsbury, England. Working throughout the UK based Surveyors Land ofChartered afirm is nership Part Severn ago, 30 years than more Established speed as the rest of the traffic. traffic. ofthe rest the as speed same the travelling ofavehicle safety the from tured cap now is data All projects. to complete ronments envi critical in pressure time under working road the in to stand need longer no surveyors because mapping mobile using improved drastically is Safety data. 3D geospatial collecting is it only vehicles, lic pub other any as way same the in Pegasus:Two acts the as roads, off to close need no with clear, left is motorway to the Access motorway. M6 the as such systems, for especially projects infrastructure mapping mobile using for benefits huge are There ofsurveying. world the revolutionised have cess pro mapping mobile the Pegasus:Two and Leica The A world of opportunity resources. and time saving data, of observed post-processing complex for need the without offeatures mapping a direct is result The a 3D model. creating cloud gle a sin into combined is this (0.08 inches). All tres ------© Severn Partnership Severn ©

With no need to close roadways, the Leica Pegasus:Two safely captures assets and surroundings.

The speed and accuracy of the data collected is also “We will be transferring it between mobile vehicles, improved. Using traditional static laser scanning cars, vans, roadrailers, trolleys and other vehicles to methods, two teams would spend several months scan data across all number of terrain.” to survey the highway and other assets along the 17-kilometre (10-mile) section of the M6. Using The world of surveying is changing and the combin- the Leica Pegasus:Two, Severn Partnership providing and marriage of multiple technologies has been a ed the customer with detailed deliverables in just giant leap, one which Severn Partnership has openly two weeks. Reducing the speed of data collection embraced and serenely adopted for its customers. means a cost saving for customers of 60 percent Mobile mapping has provided a rapid data capture when compared with the traditional static laser scan- solution, minimising cost, reducing safety risk and ning. Also, larger circumferences were covered, giv- maximising value. ing more accurate, efficient and complete data using combined LiDAR and photogrammetry. About the author: Natalie Binder is marketing and communications “At Severn Partnership, we understand the need to manager at Leica Geosystems Ltd. based in Milton invest in the latest technology in order to continue Keynes, UK. to offer the highest level of service to our custom- [email protected] ers. Pegasus:Two is one of the most accurate mobile mapping unit on the market and does not need survey ground control installed ahead of it,” said Mark Combes, managing director at Severn Partnership.

The Global Magazine of Leica Geosystems | 5 6 | Reporter 73 have been economically, accurately and safely veloped tripod shaft adapter, these structures the Leica ScanStation P20the Leica and a specially-de Using impossible. practically is measuring al or inaccessible that total station and- manu cramped so are construction, sewer in especially being uncovered. structures, Many underground constantly are scanners 3D laser for uses New Epp Ulrich by plan into GIS From scan to - measures are pending. The construction drawings, drawings, construction The pending. are measures remedial and old getting are structures sewer Many (GIS). system information ageographic into directly delivered be to and Internet the over ed of the point cloud and to dimensions be provid also enabled the photo-realistic representation scans the detail, their all in drawings as-built with client the supplied only not AutoCAD for CloudWorx documented in Leica many projects.

© Epp - in all phases of a project. ofaproject. phases all in costs and time save help can detections Clash tures. struc of existing clouds point with clashes detect to used be can 3D-designs created newly structed, recon are buildings When construction. pipe and engineering plant engineering, in civil applications many for created are models as-built intelligent on accurate, comprehensive information. This way, based 3D models or of2D plans creation allow and ofdetail level unprecedented an deliver clouds Point densify the network. to used then was station TCRP1202 total Leica The SAPOS. service positioning satellite the and receiver GS12 GNSS Viva Leica the using established was network point acontrol scanner, the to using Prior overhead. scanner 3D laser the to fix designed cially spe is adapter This tripod. overhead the on piece mounted on the and scanner onto its companion is Aplate structures. shaft underground measuring combination with a hanging overhead scanner for in used is Nedo by manufactured tripod A shaft moisture. to prone walls on quality data high offers also and structures narrow within distances short measure P20 can ScanStation Leica The task. difficult this for used be can that scanner high-quality one is There the right accessories and scanner quality A high technology. scanning 3D laser modern using by out carried be only can structures narrow of these veying be used when inside such Affordable structures. sur always should gear protection full and detector A gas underestimated. be cannot gases toxic and infection tures is also dangerous: danger floors, of slippery struc these in foot Setting structures. the within quarters close to very due inconvenient and costly is shafts sewer Measuring available. not is plan as-built due to conversions and modifications, and a reliable state actual the from deviate often available, still if point clouds from plans Creating - - - - - modern sewer management system based on ESRI a noivaKandis, system information canal the in able avail cloud point the to make technique this uses institution, apublic ofHennef, municipality The structure. ofthe measurement and inspection for TruView Leica software free the using GIS the in net Inter the via client to the provided was cloud point ofthe rendering photo-realistic The representation. photo-realistic for browser web the in PUBLISHER Cyclone Leica using edited be can cloud point The the point cloud into theImporting GIS ated using the Leica CloudWorx for AutoCAD. for CloudWorx Leica the using ated required plans and sectional were drawings then cre The clouds. point the to geo-reference office the in used was Cyclone Leica software processing The present. are gases toxic where structures dangerous in spent time the reduces bly considera thus scanners standing and of hanging combination This position. upright an in as well as overhead an in used be can which Nedo-Adapter, the to develop Goecke company Schwelm-based the with up teamed Nedo why That's conditions. light low- in out carried easily not that's a task screws; small several to loosen however, necessary, was It structures. sewer larger the in used was tripod Aclassic ascan. to perform structure the into tripod shaft the on lowered then was scanner the shaft, sewer the above points of the calibration After The of LeicaGeosystemsGlobal Magazine |7 - - - - >>

© Epp 8 | Reporter 73 Pumping system with dimensions and hyperlinks dimensions with system Pumping texturing of the point cloud. The result is a coloured acoloured is result The cloud. point ofthe texturing for processed further then and view a panoramic into assembled are photographs The image. astill than realistic more is bracketing by generated image) trast high-con or image Range Dynamic (High image HDR The camera. adigital using times exposure ferent dif with and positions different from lens a fisheye with position scanner the from taken are photos ple the web. To enable photo-realistic rendering, multi for cloud point optimised an produces TruView Leica brows web the in opened easily and quickly selected be can position scanner desired the TrueSpace, Using of Hennef. city the for ofWastewater Department Survey the Bernhard Lodewick, head of Data Management and explains Explorer,” Internet using cloud the access can she or he and object an selects simply user “The clouds. point the on hyperlinks using by novaKANDIS WEGA-MARS@ client web the via wastewater access easily can department ofthe Employees ArcGIS. - - - - providers. service or users with communication effective for exchanged be then can They graphics. the in directly are displayed hyperlinks and dimensions The links. hyper predefined using point any at accessed be also can of3D. Information knowledge prior no with cloud point ofthe use sustainable to make and sions, dimen and coordinates to tap photo-realistically, data the to view user the allows which cloud, point [email protected] Germany. Siegburg/ in based Epp Vermessungsbüro company the of director managing and engineer is Epp Ulrich Author: the About application. TruView the within symbol point the on clicking by ble points change observation is between possible Acomforta KeyPlan. called overview site the via er - - - © Epp So much more than just the red box

With rapid advances in geospatial measur- business is placing a renewed focus on ensuring ing technology, surveyors are confronted with a positive after-sales experience for all custom- numerous challenges out in the field - short lead ers provided by a one-stop-shop. times, quick calls to come on site, time pressure, high accuracy demands, quick reaction to What does your job involve? design changes, handling of complex designs, It is my responsibility to oversee all aspects of our certificates to fulfil quality assurance specs and after-sales service, whether it is supporting quick so on. It is imperative that users receive ongo- and easy communication between site personnel ing training and technical support to deliver and skilled technical experts, keeping equipment maximum productivity and work more efficient- up-to-date and in top condition, or providing first ly. Lawrence Dixon, after sales director EMEA, class training. We work in partnership with users to details what Leica Geosystems offers in terms achieve success and there are a range of Active Cus- of service and support, and explains why the tomer Care service and support packages available, >>

The Global Magazine of Leica Geosystems | 9 designed to suit the needs of our diverse customer Why is the after-sales experience so important? base. In short, we want the experience of dealing If we are to provide the most reliable, innovative and with Leica Geosystems to remain exceptional long robust measuring solutions, we need to deliver add- after the initial purchase has been made. It is my job ed value beyond the hardware or software itself. The to make sure that happens. support and service that we offer will help users get up to speed and make sure that their equipment is in Why is there a need for a dedicated role? top condition, this will help guarantee the maximum The need for the dedicated after-sales role came level of productivity. about as a by-product of the ongoing success of our geospatial measurement solutions. The tech- How have the needs of customers changed? nical service capability expanded organically as the As consumers, we expect fast response times from business grew, and we always wanted to make sure businesses, particularly when we need a solution to that we delivered consistently high standards of user a problem involving their products or services. This is experience and product performance, regardless of exactly the same for our customers. They often work where a customer was based. We now place service in highly pressured circumstances and when they at the heart of our culture, and customer focus is have problems, they need a fix fast. The required part of the core values of Hexagon. speed of this fix has increased year on year and that has been the biggest change. Users face numerous challenges in their daily lives out in the field, such as time pressure, the need for What does Leica Geosystems offer in terms of reliable equipment, data transfer, equipment certifi- after-sales service and support? cation, and the requirement for immediate response We provide complete after-sales care to users in the and thorough support. It is extremely important that field. Our Active Customer Care concept delivers one we have contacts and technical specialists that are of the most comprehensive service and support net- familiar with the potential difficulties that customers works in the world, and the ways in which we add may face. value cover three main areas: ‘product’-related, like hardware maintenance, repair and calibration; ‘people’-related, for example technical support, training and customer communications; and ‘workflow’-related, such as the SmartNet Network RTK real-time positioning service. As a result of listening to our customers, we continue to invest in additional personnel and technology, in order to provide the highest level of service, and best access to technical support, in our industry.

How do you know if you are delivering what customers want? We listen to our customers. We care about their needs and react quickly to any queries. Running satisfac- tion surveys offer users the opportunity to provide feedback on their experience with Leica Geosystems and to make suggestions for future improvements. This provides us with both quantitative and qualita- tive information, which we can use to benchmark our progress and to continually make improvements.

Have technological developments affected the type of support you can offer? A Leica Geosystems customer receives In recent years, we have seen huge advances in hands-on training. state-of-the-art software services and IT infrastruc-

10 | Reporter 73 Leica Active Assist provides direct access to the device for in-the-field support. ture, and this allows us to offer enhanced support in customers is the ability to see the status of their the field with maximum security. For example, Leica equipment when it is in one of our state-of-the-art Active Assist allows a support engineer to remotely service centres, allowing them to plan their next jobs access a device directly in the field and give the user around the scheduled return date. a step-by-step guide to the solution. Unique to the industry, Active Assist enables us to focus on har- What do you see as your biggest challenges nessing Leica Geosystems’ capabilities to overcome for the future? the challenges our customers encounter. A further It is very important that the level of after-sales ser- innovation is Leica Exchange, which enables users to vice and support we provide is consistent across the transfer data between field and office easily, quickly globe on a country-by-country basis. This is why we and safely. continue to invest in additional support and service centre resources, in order to give customers How does the after-sales experience vary improved access and reduced lead times, and why from customer to customer? we encourage our distribution partners to do the In short, we hope it doesn’t! Just as we expect our same. Happily, we are also a business that contin- surveying equipment to perform consistently at a ues to grow, so we have to continue to develop and very high level, irrespective of the user, we aspire to implement initiatives to keep pace with demand. This delivering the same after-sales experience, no mat- is a nice problem to have! ter who you are or where you experience it. This is of course a challenge for a global business, but is For more information on Active Customer Care, visit ultimately what stands behind our tagline of “– when www.leica-geosystems.com/acc it has to be right”. Every day we strive to achieve this aim. Lawrence Dixon is the after sales director for EMEA at One important tool that helps to deliver a consistent Leica Geosystems. He joined experience is the myWorld portal. This online ser- the business in April 1999, vice provides instant access to product manuals and working in various sales training guides, as well as to an area for the input roles. He took on his current of support queries. Another useful function for our position in January 2013.

The Global Magazine of Leica Geosystems | 11 Maximum safety for the new Copenhagen Metro Line

by Dieter Heinz The new lines include 17 new metro stations, three shafts with crossovers, and a new maintenance cen- The Copenhagen Metro Line is among the tre. The entire, approximately 15.5-kilometres long, world’s most modern subway systems. To route proceeds through two parallel tunnel tubes in improve the infrastructure in the Danish capi- the subsoil of Copenhagen. The new lines will finally tal, the city is now expanding its existing met- connect the central station (København H) and east ro system by two-thirds through construction station (Østerport) to the metro system. Like the of the new “Cityringen” subway loop. Lines M3 existing system, the new metro was also conceived and M4 are now being added to the existing as a driverless, fully automatic system. M1 and M2 lines. Tunnel-building activities on such a scale in the heart of an old city harbour The overall costs for the project amount to about 2 pose great potential risk due to the unfavoura- billion euros. The Copenhagen Ministry of Transport ble geological conditions, limited coverage and and the municipality of Frederiksberg are the owners proximity to existing development. To ensure of this major project, represented by Metroselskabet structural stability throughout the construc- I/S. The executive consortium is an Italian joint ven- tion phases, various geodetic and geotechnical ture consisting of Salini/Impregilo Tecnimont and SELI measuring systems will be used for automatic – Copenhagen Metro Team (CMT). monitoring in order to detect possible deformations in a timely manner, allowing immediate A joint venture of GEODATA Ziviltechnikergesellschaft countermeasures to be initiated. Automated 3D mbH and ANGERMEIER INGENIEURE GmbH received measuring systems, which are installed at every the contract for monitoring the entire project and station, shaft and along the stretches of tunnel, founded their own new firm, SMT Denmark ApS, to play a particularly important role in this. carry out this enormous assignment.

12 | Reporter 73 equipped with measurement systems during the TBM TBM the during systems measurement with equipped been have sections 2013, tunnel summer the Since loop. subway new the in section route cific aspe drive each machines offset two process, the In TBMs. four the with parallel in driven being are tubes tunnel Both systems. 3D measurement automated with shafts and construction under stations metro all equip to gradually made 2012, was astart January In project. Cityringen the in tasks monitoring the Almost 30 employees are completely dedicated to stored. be (TBM), will machines boring tunnel four the from 30 seconds every transmitted data machine database, where all measurement results, including project central the KRONOS, supervise also must ApS Denmark SMT addition, In systems. measuring gauge level water and metres, extensor coders and strain of automatic inclinometers, servicing and installation the and systems, 3D monitoring mated ofauto servicing and up set conception, levelling, precision the includes This monitoring. geotechnical and geodetic the with charged is ApS Denmark SMT - - in half a millimetre. The high quality ofmeasure quality high The amillimetre. half in with matched staffs, Invar 2-metre and level DNA03 Leica the with out carried were which urements, meas levelling redundant the and system uring 3D meas the that accuracy high such with operate instruments measuring The projects. earlier in was it as choice, excellent an to be again once proved this project, ofthe duration the Over project. of the beginning very the at manufacturer premium Swiss the on fell therefore accessories and instruments measuring geodetic the for ofsupplier choice The Geosystems. ofLeica customers loyal long-standing, are companies ApS’s parent Denmark ofSMT Both Leica Geosystems from instruments Monitoring WLAN. over aPC by monitored and controlled centrally are that systems monitoring into connected were stations total TM30 Leica to eight up so, doing In ofinfluence). zones (also called ments cover the planner’s prediction of possible settle to reliably order in networks into connected were stations total individual the process, the In drives. The of LeicaGeosystemsGlobal Magazine |13 - - - - -

© SMT Denmark ApS 14 | Reporter 73 Ziviltechnikergesellschaft mbH. If there is a data GEODATA by software proprietary is which database, KRONOS to the transferred are protocol and dinates coor the ofaccuracy, range required the within are results the If processed. and software adjustment to an transferred then are values measurement All measurementing every within a measurement cycle. dur outliers eliminates total It automatically station. INGENIEURE GmbH, controlledANGERMEIER every of software aproprietary Observer, Software The ing settlement during the crossing. regard feedback constant to give able to be order in seconds 90 to every raised to be had actually points 10 for frequency measurement the Here, tubes. nel tun the to cross had TBM the when tubes metro ofexisting monitoring the during arose case A special measured. to be ofpoints number particular the on depending 30 minutes, or hour one to reduced is frequency measuring the situations, cal hours for all automated measuring systems. In criti In systems. measuring automated all for hours The standard measurement is two frequency every day per measurements noiseless 60,000 project’s to the significantly contributed results ment success. success. A tunnel boring machine arrives at a new station for the Copenhagen Metro Line. Metro Copenhagen the for station anew at arrives machine boring A tunnel - - - - -

Four employees are responsible for taking care of care taking for responsible are employees Four of theContinuous total servicing stations their sleep. room windows without the waking residents from bed alongside directly installed be easily could They mentioning. worth certainly is stations total systems Geo ofLeica generation noise low extremely The also 600,000 manual levelling measurements. were there far. so Similarly, out carried been have 3D measurements 44 million than more day. Overall, per measurements 60,000 Approximately stations. total the with installed were prisms 4,000 than More section. new the in reinstalled and down taken are they of a section, completion tunnel routes. Approximately four months following the along parallel in run 21 stations ofup age total aver An 21 structures. the at new installed were stations 2014, total TM30 72 Leica to December Up predefined internal group of people. to the distributed are notifications automatic diate, arevalues outside range, specified accuracy imme compensator the if example, for exceeded, are els transmission failure or internal lev warning or alert

© Metroselskabet - - - - - benefit and safety of Copenhagen’s citizens and vis and citizens ofCopenhagen’s safety and benefit the for project monitoring alarge such Operating teamsExperienced – reliable systems equipment for maintenance. of exchange or removal and installation out carry and flexible to be way only the is This stations. total and ofprisms installation the for a3.5-tonon truck platform lifting own its added has ApS Denmark SMT prisms due to the large construction machines. deformation and reference the with communication visual restricted or supplies power interrupted as such stations, the at activities construction by caused are malfunctions ofthese Many problem. the to find off sets squad alocal maintenance, remote through corrected be cannot error an If network. the access to needing when advantageous is which centre, amain from accessible remotely are computers All construction. under stations metro the at operation in still are 3D systems The again. sensors the down take must they place, taken has machines boring tunnel oftwo passage After sections. tunnel and station the in systems ofnew installation and systems individual in arise that malfunctions ing troubleshoot include tasks Their stations. total the An aerial view of the construction for the new Copenhagan Metro Line. Line. Metro Copenhagan new the for construction the of view aerial An - - [email protected] ApS. Denmark SMT at member astaff and project, Copenhagen” of “Cityringen the in manager project responsible Surveying, for University Technical the of engineer a is graduate Heinz Dieter author: the About task. enormous this for partners perfect the are Geosystems Leica from sensors Monitoring high. equally are arises, that malfunction to every the employees, who quickly and confidently respond for quality, reliability and precision. demands The on demand to amaximum subjected are instruments The complex monitoring project. this for requirements changing to the due ifications mod to continuous subject also are Observer the in continuously optimised. components software The are processes Internal here. required is experience of deal agreat concerned, is team the as far As system. measuring the and team entire the for challenge agreat is itors The of LeicaGeosystemsGlobal Magazine |15 -

by Konrad Saal problematic aspects, as the SCL transitioned rapidly from 4 metre (13 foot) diameter circular to 8 metre National Grid embarked on a 7-year project, Lon- (26 foot) high elliptical sections. don Power Tunnels, to help ensure future electricity supplies for the UK capital. The trans- Nigel Drayton, senior survey manager at London mission infrastructure improvements required Power Tunnels was part of the team involved in exca- a network of tunnels to be built across Lon- vating the milk depot adit chambers. “As the adits don, to house what has been described as “a changed to the elliptical format, it was very difficult new subterranean electricity superhighway”. for the human eye to ascertain if there were imperfec- Costain Group, one of the UK’s leading engineering solutions providers, was contracted by National Grid to build the tunnels. It used Leica Geosystems’ award-winning Nova MS50 Multi- Station to scan the tunnels and Amberg Tech- nologies’ TMS Tunnelscan software to process the generated information during this project.

In the initial stages of the project, it was clear there would be a number of challenges for the surveying team to overcome. The work involved the construction of 33 kilometres (20.5 miles) of segmental- ly lined tunnel across central London, including the sinking of 14 shafts and spray concrete lined (SCL) chambers. The excavation of adit chambers around a disused milk depot proved to be one of the most 3D point cloud on the MultiStation display.

16 | Reporter 73 tions in the shape of the tunnel. We needed to make Once the correct tunnel profile was achieved, it was sure we had achieved the required tolerances, with given a spray concrete lining. The Leica Nova MS50 the drives cut to 1 centimetre (0.4 inch) of their final MultiStation was then used again, while the spray profile.” concrete was still workable, to check the newly lined tunnel’s required thickness. The data captured could As is often the case, the new tunnels had to be com- also be maintained as part of the build records. pleted quickly in order to minimise disruption to third party assets. This meant that conventional scanning Accurate tunnel profiles was not an option. “It simply would have taken too By using the MultiStation, accurate tunnel profiles long for the data to be processed,” explains Dray- could be produced at a higher speed. Thanks to its ton. The team needed to find an alternative solution, seamless workflow and integrated measurement that could provide high precision scanning data in the technology, the construction team was able to carry timeframe required. out the necessary scanning and analysis efficiently and accurately. There was a reduction in waste As Costain Group engineers had previously worked material and the need for reworking, which resulted with Leica Geosystems and had a positive experi- in time and cost savings for both the Costain Group ence, the decision was made to use the MultiStation, and National Grid. which scanned metre-long advances at 1 centimetre (0.4 inch) grid. The data was then run through Amberg Technologies is a longstanding partner of Amberg Technologies’ TMS Tunnelscan software, Leica Geosystems, and the Leica Nova MS50 Multi- which output excavation profiles at 10 centimetre Station is easily integrated into TMS Tunnelscan. “The (4 inch) centres in approximately 10 minutes. “We crews found the scanner technology easy to use and could then quickly check whether any out of toler- the technical support on hand was second-to-none,” ance areas needed to be looked at again, before we concludes Drayton. “The structural integrity of the carried out further work,” adds Drayton. tunnel is absolutely critical and the exceptional lev- >>

The Global Magazine of Leica Geosystems | 17 For more than thirty years, Amberg Technologies AG engineering and construction. They allow exact sur- has been developing user-friendly system solutions veying of a wide array of critical aspects such as the for geo-referenced data acquisition and process- tunnel profile, including real time deviations of actual ing in the field of infrastructure development. This surface to design, automatic control of the tunnel Swiss company offers standardised products, cus- heading and precise setout of all tunnel installations. tomer-specific system solutions and project-specific In addition, complete analysis and documentation services in the fields of railway surveying, tunnel sur- of the dimensions, deformations and condition of veying, tunnel inspections and tunnel seismics. a tunnel structure form part of the scope of TMS Solution. Three applications collectively known by the name TMS Solution are used for surveying during tunnel

el of accuracy provided by Leica Geosystems instru- Costain Group was awarded for the ‘Most Innova- ments gave quality assurance we could trust.” tive Use of New Survey Technology’ for implement- ing the MultiStation in the London Power Tunnels The Leica Nova MS50 MultiStation’s precise meas- project. urement technology and intuitive software enables users to make faster, smarter decisions across an About the author: unprecedented range of applications. It is the world’s Konrad Saal is a surveying engineer and manager of first measuring device that combines scanning, total Marketing Communications at Leica Geosystems AG in station, imaging and GNSS positioning in one instru- Heerbrugg, Switzerland. ment to deliver fast and reliable results. In 2013, [email protected]

TMS Tunnelscan and Amberg Navigator support scanning and deliver real-time results.

18 | Reporter 73 Leica Captivate ushers in new industry era

by Monica Miller-Rodgers, APR be the manager of data who has found it part of his daily routine to work in 3D, shaping not When Shawn Crawford started his surveying only coordinates for a project but modelling career more than 24 years ago on a non-robot- the entire design. Thanks to advancements in ic theodolite, his dreams of easily categorising measurement technology, such as robotic total jobs and modelling information were far from stations and 3D laser scanning, today’s surveyor realised. Phrases like “touch technology” and is working with better but more data than ever “customisable apps” weren’t even yet a part of before – data that needs to be carefully sifted common vernacular. He, like most other survey- through to find meaning. ors, continued to struggle with how to position large data sets to extract the most value from This process is a detailed one and can take a consid- a project. erable amount of time and diligence. For years, as measurements have become more complex, survey- Fast forward almost two-and-a-half decades, ors have worked with only a partial representation of and we find the advent of the Surveyor 2.0 – the reality of the actual site in software interfaces. the professional who no longer is only expected Leaving behind critical points, making costly returns to measure the angles and distances but also to the field once the oversights were realised back >>

The Global Magazine of Leica Geosystems | 19 in the office, struggling to find the right project data in an insurmountable set – these are challenges that surveyors know all too well.

Introducing a new era in user experience Listening to customers like Crawford and analysing the trends seen in smartphones, the developers at Leica Geosystems have released Leica Captivate, the touch-technology software that features customisable apps for a variety of measurement instruments, including total stations, MultiStations and GNSS. The new software allows surveyors and other measurement professionals to bring advanced lining and coding together to provide an interactive 3D model where users can zoom, pan and orbit the rendering for optimal viewing and manipulation.

“When we listened to our customers, the repeating theme was simplicity. Older software wasn’t the eas- iest to use, and we knew busy professionals needed a better way to access and work with the captures they were collecting in the field,” said Alastair Green, Leica Geosystems field controllers and field surveying software program director. “Our customers often work all day on similar tasks, such as feature coding, more viewing opportunities. Being able to view a linework, and staking points and lines. Keeping these survey on the screen in the field to look for errors fundamental elements of their jobs easy and enjoy- or incompleteness before going from field to office able is very important for a positive customer expe- allows the surveyor to make sure he’s collected all the rience. With Leica Captivate’s easy-to-use apps and information he needs,” he explained. “The last thing touch technology, professionals can now save time, you want to have to do is tell someone he has to money and hassle by directly updating site informa- go back because he didn’t get enough information.” tion in the most realistic 3D models available in any measurement software.” The world’s first self-learning measurement instruments In Leica Captivate, users can merge the overlay of Leica Captivate also boosts the performance capa- measured points, 3D models and point clouds into bility of the latest generation of Leica Viva and Nova a single view. This first-time ability allows users to total stations and MultiStations. With enhanced work simultaneously with the current reality of any Automatic Target Recognition, or ATRplus, these site, ensuring no points are left out of the image and instruments can now remain locked on one and the costly site returns are avoided. same target even in the most challenging conditions.

Crawford, the assistant regional director of survey- With optimised sensor technology, ATRplus detects ing for ESE Consultants in Boston and a beta test- non-relevant distractions in the field, such as er of Leica Captivate, especially sees the value in reflectors, bright lights and rain, and automatically being able to check the completeness of a job onsite excludes them from the target. In the case of inter- instead of the need to return to the office to down- rupted line of sight, ATRplus also offers the faster load the imagery. relock time in the industry.

“Leica Geosystems has taken a giant leap forward “This is the first step toward artificial intelligence introducing 3D scans into the software and now in robotic total stations,” said David Dixon, Leica being able to twist and turn that 3D model for even Geosystems total station program director. “Former

20 | Reporter 73 Leica Captivate boosts the performance of the new Leica Viva and Nova total stations and MultiStations. lock-on abilities in total stations could become dis- experienced professionals and newcomers to the tracted in difficult environments, like rain storms or industry can now work with the assurance no point, heat shimmers, wasting time and valuable resourc- large or small, is left behind. es. ATRplus now gives users the confidence they are receiving the right information regardless of the For Crawford and other surveyors, advances in tech- difficulties, freeing them to focus on more critical nology like Leica Captivate are taking the industry tasks.” where it needs to be in today’s fast-paced world. As their field continues to progress, their needs and Along with the new Leica Nova MS60 MultiStation, how they express and meet those needs are also Nova TS60 and Viva TS16 total stations, the Leica changing. Captivate release also includes a new field controller and tablet. The Leica CS20 and CS35 provide remote “Leica Captivate is actually making the transition to access to the MultiStations and total stations and where our everyday technology is taking us. Like with have been updated with larger screens for greater smartphones, the ability to customise applications viewing opportunities and easier touch transitions. with images and interact with those apps through toggling and swiping is very valuable for us,” said An all-encompassing solution Crawford. “We can now view our work right there Where surveyors and other measurement profes- when we capture it instead of waiting until we get sionals have been limited for years by working in 2D back to the office. Being able to reference yourself virtual representations of their projects, Leica Capti- inside of a 3D scan, there is just nothing else like this vate now opens the possibilities to fully engage with out there.” the captured reality of the data. This new software integrated into precision instruments provides for About the author: an all-encompassing solution in managing complex Monica Miller-Rodgers, APR, is an integrated market- practices and information of measuring, checking, ing communications professional and is the senior staking and scanning. With realistic 3D models and writer for Hexagon Geosystems. the unsurpassed ability to stay locked on to a target, [email protected]

The Global Magazine of Leica Geosystems | 21 High-end laser scanning under the Elbe River

by Konrad Saal accurate inventory documentation available to the Elbe Tunnel operator (LSBG, state office for One of the most important components of roads, bridges and waters). northern Europe’s infrastructure lies about 28 metres (92 feet) below the surface of the The georeferenced information obtained will be Elbe River: the Elbe Tunnel in Hamburg. As part needed for maintenance and repair support of Elbe of the A7 Autobahn, it connects the southern Tunnel planning, design, construction and adminis- and northern portions of the Hanseatic city of tration processes and as a basis for future Building Hamburg and the Scandinavian countries with Information Modelling (BIM), among other uses. Europe’s metropolises. It is about 3.3 kilometres (1.9 miles) in length, with some 1,000 In addition to the tunnel geometry, all other objects metres (3,280 feet) passing under the riverbed. and equipment in the tunnel also had to be recorded At peak periods, up to 145,000 cars and trucks for this purpose within an accuracy of a few cen- pass through the tunnel’s four tubes each day. timetres. This includes supply and safety installa- To ensure the future safety of this important tions, such as transport equipment, emergency exits, traffic route, the three older tunnel tubes were escape route signage, emergency phone and oper- renovated between 2009 and 2013 in accord- ations alcoves, fire protection systems, ventilation ance with the updated guidelines for facilities shafts, lighting systems, cameras, loudspeakers, and and operations of highway tunnels. The state sensors for traffic telematics and operating technol- geoinformation and survey office commissioned ogy, totalling more than 200 different 3D objects. the Hamburg based company Dr. Hesse und Partner Ingenieure (dhp:i) with the documenta- Selecting the appropriate procedure tion of every tunnel tube by kinematic 3D laser Because of the Elbe Tunnel’s critical importance for scanning. The objective was to make current, traffic in and around Hamburg, the survey could only

22 | Reporter 73 result in minimal blocking periods. It was, there- Bernhard Cieslik, engineer and manager of munici- fore, clear from the outset that the activities would pal surveying at the state geoinformation and survey have to take place in the low traffic period between office responsible for the project. 10 p.m. to 5 a.m., and only one tunnel tube could be blocked at a time. The kinematic ProScan T-Series system – the T stands for tracking by means of total stations – is a manu- The client’s invitation to bid explicitly specified sur- ally guided, mobile laser scanning system. An inertial veying by means of kinematic laser scanning. In the measuring unit (IMU) and a standard laser scanner, course of the tendering procedure, several vehi- such as the Leica ScanStation P15, are adapted to cle-based and mobile scanning systems from dif- a trolley. In addition, there is the tablet PC for data ferent bidders were evaluated. At the end of the acquisition and control. Precise positioning in this selection process, the decision was made in favour project was ensured by Leica TS30 and Leica Viva of the ProScan T-Series system from p3d systems TS15i total stations, which tracked the prism mount- GmbH. In addition to other features, easy integra- ed on the system with around eight measurements tion of the Leica ScanStation P15, high acquisition per second. speeds and extremely accurate object recording were persuasive. One of the advantages of this acquisition method is direct system referencing through tracking with “The kinematic scanning system used by dhp:i not the total stations. This eliminates the laying out of only guarantees us maximum precision but also a control points that vehicle-based systems require. complete recording of the entire tunnel structure. Secondly, the high accuracy of the point cloud, com- We have the confidence of being able to rely on the bined with very high resolution, and the opportunity data quality and, at the same time, minimise the to process and check the data shortly after measure- blocking periods for this important tunnel,” says ment directly “on site” is impressive. >>

The Global Magazine of Leica Geosystems | 23 The first forecasts revealed that it would be possible metre-long (984 foot) sections that were scanned to record one tunnel tube per night in high resolution forward and backward within about 40 minutes. with this solution. Thanks to the double recording, all shadowing was The measurement – one tunnel per night eliminated. It was also established that the accuracy The survey of four tunnel tubes took place in four achieved in this project was better than 10 millime- night-time operations. The intensive preplanning and tres (0.4 inches). detailed measuring concept ensured a smooth operation for both data acquisition and evaluation. It was To use the kinematic scan system as efficiently as possible to significantly improve on the target dura- possible, without interruption, the three on-site tion of nine hours per surveyed tunnel tube from the project employees’ tasks were meticulously coordi- first measurements. nated. One employee steadily moved the ProScan along the 300-metre (985-foot) tunnel section, while As part of the on-site scanning, both the tunnel walls the other two employees ensured precise system and all installations, such as signs and ventilation target tracking with their two total stations. Thus, systems, are recorded completely. For this purpose, downtime only occurred at the beginning and end of the tunnel tubes were divided into approximately 300 measurement and when changing batteries.

Data provision in compliance with specified standards

Many federal states use standardised data models for infrastructure and other construction projects. Standardisation catalogues regulate the contents described therein, which should supply uniform data to every specialised field that works with this information.

Since 2008, the Hamburg standardisation catalogue has described a detailed standard for digital traffic planning databases. In particular, the catalogue regulates the data structure, data format and signa- tures. For example, the layer structure, layer names, line types and blocks or hatching and dimensioning are defined in this standard.

As an extension of the two-dimensional Hamburg standardisation catalogue, every CAD object to be modelled and the entire tunnel geometry were con- structed in 3D in this project.

24 | Reporter 73 The horizontal and vertical fixed control points in the tunnel, which were established by the state's geoinformation and survey office and normally used for audit surveys and building projects, could be used for positioning total stations.

The speed with which the measuring engineer moved the system through the tunnel was adjusted to the required object resolution. Due to the number of small objects on the tunnel walls, a measuring point distance of better than 2 centimetres (0.8 inches) had to be guaranteed, which resulted in a scanning speed of 0.5 metres/second (1.6 foot/second).

“Although we have already carried out projects in the double digits with this system, the acquisition speed with the Leica ScanStation P15, the Leica Geosystems total stations and the p3d ProScan is always impressive. A comparable object resolution using tripod mounted and, therefore, static laser scanning would have required at least three times as much time,” summarises Dr. Christian Hesse, CEO of dhp:i.

Upon completion of the laser scan, the total station measurement data was imported from the memory card on-site and the automatic geo-referencing of Elbe Tunnel construction the scan in p3d PCloud began. and renovation

The completed point clouds were imported into the After a seven-year construction period, the first Leica Cyclone 9, filtered and cleaned. To carry out three Elbe Tunnel tubes were opened to traffic in the preparation of several thousand 3D objects effi- 1975. Since the expansion in 2002, four tubes are ciently, the Cyclone databases were integrated into available with a total of eight lanes. An extensive ren- AutoCAD with the help of Leica CloudWorx Plug-ins. ovation of the first three tubes took place between The parallel modelling of required CAD objects and 2009 and 2013. Under the name “A7 – Elbe Tunnel the entire tunnel geometry then took place. retrofit program,” asbestos abatement, improvement of the ventilation system, fire protection, The result was 13.5 kilometres (8.4 miles) of Auto- escape routes and technical facility modernisations bahn tunnel recorded precisely at high resolution in were implemented. four nights, a completely satisfied client, and the happy motorists who hardly noticed anything. These construction activities were necessary for the tunnel to comply with the “Guidelines for Facilities Dr. Hesse und Partner Ingenieure (dhp:i) is an inter- and Operation of Highway Tunnels” (RABT 2006) that nationally active survey office with headquarters in were current at the time. Hamburg and is among the leading firms in the field of 3D laser scanning. The Elbe Tunnel is operated by the Hamburg state [email protected] office for roads, bridges and waters (LSBG).

The Global Magazine of Leica Geosystems | 25 3D vision of an ancient city

by Katherine Lehmuller site in order to document its progress and also to plan for future excavation in the coming sea- The archaeological site, Laodikeia, is one of the son. Recently, the department decided to try largest and most important archaeological sites working with an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) in Turkey today. Located 6 kilometres (3.7 miles) and hired the Aibot X6 from Aibotix. They were north of the modern day city Denizli, Laodikeia extremely happy with the results. extended its borders to cover more than 90,000 square metres (968,750 square feet) and has at “We could implement the Aibotix flight missions into least 10 important building ruins, including one our yearly workflow. It is quite a fast and beneficial of the seven major churches of Early Christiani- way to see what we have done in one excavation ty mentioned in the Book of Revelation from the period because the high resolution ortho-photos New Testament. Built in a first-degree earth- show progress outstandingly,” says Şimşek. quake zone, the city suffered from multiple devastating earthquakes and was rebuilt many times before its residents finally abandoned it and moved away around 600 AD.

The municipality of Denizli was able to secure financial support and for the last 10 years, extensive excavation and restoration work has been done by Pamukkale University’s Depart- ment of Archaeology and Ministry of Culture and Tourism under the leadership of Prof. Cel- al Şimşek authorised by the Council of Minis- ters. Due to the ancient city’s size and because Laodikeia is one of Turkey’s most important her- itage sites, much time and expense has been dedicated to creating maps and models of the Highly detailed image of the sacred temple.

26 | Reporter 73 Using the Aibotix UAV to generate data for a 3D city Because of the Aibot X6’s special panning camera model took the team very little time to accomplish. mount, 45 degree image angles were possible with H. Bora Yavuz, working as a technical consultant for an overlap of 80 percent, and could generate detailed Sistem A.Ş., Leica Geosystems’ distributor in Turkey, images of side walls, for example. explains, “With conventional methods, it would take almost 10 days with five skilled people just for the For processing, the images were geotagged using field work alone and if you consider the modelling the ground control points established in the field by processing, we would have probably needed anoth- special processing software Agisoft Photoscan Pro, er 10 days in the office using trained operators. which created 3D models and processed high reso- Now, using the Aibot X6 hexacopter UAV and soft- lution ortho-photos very efficiently and smoothly. ware, we made a city model within five hours and we needed only one trained person for the entire “It has never been simpler to obtain a high qual- mission.” ity data set of aerial imagery for documentation, to have an accurate digital topographic model, and After Leica Viva GS15 receivers were used to estab- most importantly, a high resolution ortho-photo of lish ground control points in the field later used for the area that shows every single stone in its actual geo-referencing, a compact 16.2 MP digital camera position. Besides, this UAV is safe and fast," explains was strapped to the Aibot X6 copter’s camera mount. Özhan Kaynarca, company owner Ölçen Harita Sur- The Aibotix software, AiproFlight, was used to plan veying Services. the flight mission of the copter and enabled planning flight details such as keeping the copter at a For more information about the ancient city of 70-metre (230-foot) height throughout the entire Laodikeia, please visit: www.laodikeia.pau.edu.tr recording and allowing a model accuracy of 3 centimetres (1.18 inches) ground sample distance (GSD). About the author: After this, the actual flight’s direction, resolution and Katherine Lehmuller received her Bachelor of Fine route were planned and uploaded onto the Aibot Arts from Tufts University, NY, and works as a content X6. When this was done, data acquisition during the editor for Leica Geosystems AG, Heerbrugg, Switzer- flight was entirely automatic. land. [email protected]

The Global Magazine of Leica Geosystems | 27 Building cities using UAV

by Martin Schwall and Benjamin Busse The IngenieurTeam GEO GmbH has successfully employed an Aibot X6 from Aibotix for several years The twin cities of Waldshut-Tiengen, Germa- and was commissioned by the city of Waldshut-Tien- ny, have approximately 22,000 inhabitants and gen with UAV flights for aerial surveying and data are located on the beautiful Upper Rhine in processing to create geo-referenced ortho-photos, Baden-Württemberg near the Swiss border. The coloured point clouds and 3D models. The project local municipal planning and building control included obtaining the roof geometries as well as office needed an up-to-date planning framework eave and ridge heights. The data obtained was then for the newly planned city construction projects further processed by Autodesk programs – right up and urban development in the two districts. to 3D modelling. After being reviewed, the documents were simply not accurate enough, even though they had Providing a better basis for been existed in 3D format. This was due to an decision-makers with 3D modelling insufficient level of detailing, also referred to The municipal planning and building control office as LoDs (Level of Detail). A block model (LoD 1) sought to create an accurate 3D model to visualise and standardised roof shapes (LoD 2) were the striking new building projects in the centre of insufficient. The municipal planning and build- Tiengen and in areas of the city Waldshut prior to con- ing control office needed a more accurate 3D struction planning. In contrast to plans presented on model as a basis. How could the exact data of paper, 3D modelling has the power to truly depict real- complex roof shapes be obtained without the ity and convince the public and the decision makers. risk of walking on steep roofs or being forced to hire a company to carry out aerial photography IngenieurTeam GEO's aerial surveying services were by airplane or helicopter? already well known. Thus, the idea for using an

28 | Reporter ortho-photo to supplement existing LGL (State Agen- station at individual buildings during establishment cy for Spatial Information) data with current aerial of the control points. survey data to increase accuracy was the next logical step. The Aibot X6 UAV system offered many advantages during this project. The system's quick implementa- Convenient and secure data capturing tion and high resolution 16.2 megapixel images deliv- The flights for the aerial survey of the 70,000 square ered the accuracy required for the project. An exact metres (753,500 square feet) of land comprising recording of the roof types, ridge heights and eave Waldshut and Tiengen were carried out in May by heights would not have been possible with conven- employee and certified Aibot pilot Benjamin Busse. tional measuring methods due to the close proximity Aerial surveying of the inner-city requires a special of the buildings in the affected areas. The roof ridges permit and adherence to certain requirements. would not be visible due to excessively steep sights.

The raw data was evaluated with Agisoft Photoscan A picture is worth a 1,000 words Pro software. Prior to the aerial survey flights and for The real benefit, however, lies in the data gathered. the subsequent calculations required to ensure accu- This data provides the client with a high level of add- rate results, control points were measured, marked ed value, a textured 3D model, a coloured point cloud and signalled using a Leica TPS1200 total station and and ortho-photos with ground resolution of 1 cen- a Leica Viva GNSS system. Adhering to the principle timetre (0.4 inch) for optimal representation of the of surveying “no measurement without control” and planning area. to ensure consistent position and height data within the range of ± 5 centimetres (± 2 inches), control Partner company Bytes & Building GmbH, which measurements were also carried out using the total advises the town of Waldshut in the area of Auto- >>

The Global Magazine of Leica Geosystems | 29 Level of Detail (LoD)

Level of Detail (LoD) refers to the various levels of The following levels of detail have been specified detail in the presentation of virtual worlds. LoD con- for CityGML: cepts are also used in 3D landscape and city models. Depending on the application, different levels of LOD 0: Regional model, 2.5-D footprints detail are required. LOD 1: Block model, building block (extruded footprints) The City Geography Markup Language (CityGML) is LOD 2: 3D model with standard roof structures an application schema for storing and sharing vir- and simple textures tual 3D city models. CityGML has been a standard LOD 3: Detailed (architectural) building models for the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) since LOD 4: LoD 3 building models with interior features August 2008 and is the basis for many city models in Germany.

CAD systems, were responsible for the visualisation. quite possible in the future. For example, building Bytes & Building GmbH provides comprehensive solu- and property inspections as well as large-scale mon- tions in the fields of architecture, building and infra- itoring and inspections are also conceivable. It is also structure and occupies a leading position in Germany possible to carry out flights in GNSS-denied areas for in the construction industry and building informa- aerial surveys, such as in large halls. tion modelling (BIM). When Bytes & Building submitted the 3D models and a 3D animation of city areas Similar to laser scanning, the processing of data and there was nothing but praise and enthusiasm from the resulting point cloud allow for diverse finishing the head of the Civil Engineering Office, Uwe Kopf. processes and optimally complements classic methods of surveying. “We are thrilled! The data and information provided have literally given the planning and control office Due to substantially improved software programs a whole new perspective,” explained Kopf. “Since in the field of photogrammetry like Agisoft Photo the visualisation goes beyond 2D floor plans and Pro, one can certainly speak of a renaissance in the 2D building facades, the current high-resolution area of photogrammetry. Large amounts of data can ortho-photos and 3D modelling have immense value be collected and analysed in a short time, quickly for us. This greatly simplifies the decision making delivering 3D data to the client and simplifying the process further down the road.” decision-making process much more effectively than a large piece of paper with plotted content, which The perfect complement to gives only a crude depiction of what actually exists classic measurement methods on the ground. The use of the UAV system and more than 30 projects implemented by the IngenieurTeam GEO GmbH Despite upgrades in computing capacity, such as prove that the UAV system delivers excellent results larger memory and powerful graphic cards, the pro- for surveying in the area of engineering services. cessing of very large amounts of data is currently a The as-built documentation and the creation of problem due to longer processing times. The quanti- ortho-photos as seen in this project are merely two ty of data and dimensions submitted to the customer possible areas of application. Other applications are should be discussed in advance and pre-established

30 | Reporter 73 Client requirement fulfilled: exact geometries of the roofscapes, captured with the Aibot X6. as much as possible. Ultimately, the end customer possible, to perform work with the highest-quality and user must be able to use their data according to sensors and methods, and to optimally analyse and their needs and applications. to refine the data.

In future projects, the use of UAV and photogram- About the authors: metric data processing for obtaining 3D data will Martin Schwall is a Graduate Surveyor (FH) and efficiently and effectively complement traditional Managing Partner of IngenieurTeam GEO GmbH. methods. The rapid development of UAV systems is [email protected] supported by the principles of surveying and geoin- Benjamin Busse is B.Sc. Cartography and formatics. Geomatics, UAV Technical Project Manager, IngenieurTeam GEO GmbH. As professionals in the geo-industry and in order to [email protected] provide clients with maximum added value, surveyors are committed to provide clients with the best advice

IngenieurTeam GEO GmbH

The surveying office is headquartered in Karlsruhe enhancement of data collection using UAV systems and offers services in engineering surveying and as the right decision for future success. The engi- hydrography (water measurement). Since 2014, the neering office is equipped with the latest measuring company has supplemented this offer for a fur- and data processing systems. ther future-oriented business field, the survey with UAV systems. IngenieurTeam GEO GmbH sees the www.it-geo.de

The Global Magazine of Leica Geosystems | 31 Sustainably maintain and protect trees using GIS

by Johannes Grösbrink campus This project will also make it possible to document replacement plantings. A prescribed tree inju- TyssenKrupp Steel Europe AG and its predeces- ry assessment and appropriate tree care is planned sor companies have been active in their core to be reviewed yearly. In addition, the devastating location of Duisburg for more than 120 years. storms of 2014 made it evident that the security of Together with its subsidiaries, the company the trees at the campus is vitally important. The data supplies a wide range of steel processing sec- will be used as a tender basis for these measures and tors. The individual locations, therefore, set will include the an updated version of all the green benchmarks in terms of environmental impact, spaces on the premises. Exact figures pertaining to but not just in Germany. The company is active paved areas and green areas will be made available in the sustainable preservation of the envi- to the appropriate departments for the determina- ronment. In this context and due to statutory tion of drainage charges and for awarding contracts requirements, two years ago the task was for- for green care measures. All supports for large indus- mulated to complete the entire tree population trial pipe systems located on the factory premises of Duisburg in the company's GIS using a field including pipeline routes and appropriate support comparison process and other valuable data for numbers are recorded for the company's GIS. preservation and care. The right equipment saves time The goal is to achieve and maintain a homogene- To perform this task economically and to complete ous and scenically presentable tree landscape in an it in a reasonable period of time, it was decided to area of 800 hectares (2,000 acres) at the company work with the graphic field book FX Collector made

32 | Reporter 73 by Frox IT Factory before the start of the project. The greatly simplified. It was thus possible to create the hardware platform consists of a Panasonic Tough- extensive dataset quickly and in high quality. pad FZ-G1 attached with a Leica Zeno GG03 GNSS SmartAntenna and a Leica CS25 GNSS plus with helix “ThyssenKrupp Steel Europe AG is totally satisfied antenna. with the combination of the FX Collector, Leica CS25 GNSS plus and Leica Zeno GG03 SmartAntenna,” said The objects to be recorded were identified with the Klaudius Drass, Dipl.-Ing Geography at ThyssenKrupp highly accurate Leica Zeno GNSS SmartAntenna and Steel Europe AG, and the person responsible for the composed using the numerous FX Collector availa- in-house GIS. “Efficiency was increased by about 30 ble drawing functions. In addition, mixed methods percent compared to conventional field comparison were used; the rapid interaction of the FX Collector method.” was used in combination with the Leica Zeno GNSS SmartAntenna. This method quickly provides posi- High mobility and data storage in the cloud tion data auxiliary points, which are then used to It was advantageous to work with the graphic field construct hard-to-reach objects on the tablet. book, especially in the densely wooded areas. It’s the most efficient method for allowing continuous All background data (aerial photographs, Web Map on-the-spot visual checks to be made regarding the Service, CAD data) were stored in geo-referenced completeness of the data. The advantage of the sys- format in the FX collector. Examining surfaces and tem is the high degree of mobility and the fact that the existing trees, measurement of the pipe supports system can be operated without cumbersome field as well as the orientation of the location were thus sketches, additional maps or additional equipment. >>

The Global Magazine of Leica Geosystems | 33 In particular, the Leica CS25 GNSS plus in combina- used in this context to allow the data to be exported tion with the helix antenna offers reliability, ease of on a daily basis without having to create a new pro- use, mobility, and delivers sub-decimetre accuracy. ject each day. The Panasonic Toughpad FZ-G1 with the Leica Zeno GG03 SmartAntenna on the pole was used in all oth- The results were provided in digital form. Trees er areas where higher accuracy was required. and pipe supports were exported using FX Collec- tor's table-driven interfaces so that they could be The project was backed up on site to the cloud daily read directly into ThyssenKrupp's GIS system. The so preliminary results could be available immediately changed green spaces as well as the new green spac- to office staff. FX Collector's Session feature was es were replaced or supplemented in GIS.

“The weatherproof CS25 GNSS plus is resistant to rain, wind and dirt. The computer and the antenna were easy to carry throughout the day,” said Drass. “The batteries lasted all day and were fully charged by morning due to the short charging period. The ‘fixed’ solution was achieved extremely ‘quick’ – there was hardly any waiting time.”

Reduction of office work to a minimum A large portion of the planning preparation was con- ducted in the field, reducing post-processing in the office to a minimum due to the standardised high quality of recorded data. The office staff was able to import the data quickly and easily into the client's GIS. This further emphasises the efficiency of the entire process.

“The Leica CS25 GNSS plus offers a good platform for the FX Collector. The Leica Zeno GG03 SmartAntenna was connected with the two tablets via Bluetooth. Measuring was done quickly and easily, and a fixed position was returned within a short period,” said Drass. “Shaded areas were processed quickly using measured auxiliary points via GNSS and the numerous design features.”

About the author: Johannes Grösbrink is a Graduate Surveyor and works as a project manager at Frox IT. [email protected]

34 | Reporter 73 ous tunnel. Since the basic plans could no longer longer no could plans basic the Since tunnel. ous learn more about the condition of the mysteri - to wanted owner the transfer, encumbrance ed associat and land the of sale apossible with connection In forgotten. was tunnel the and er own new the by concrete with filled were nel tun the to entrances the time, of course the In company. a chemical by takeover its until empty stood and again down closed was plant cement the later, years four Just register. land the in the company’s parcel of land also was recorded nel, a maintenance obligation on encumbrance (2,625-foot) 800-metre approximately long tun the of creation the With Aargau. canton Swiss the of municipality Hausen the in extraction rial mate for company a cement by excavated was that tunnel a mine been has 1928, there Since by Barmettler Andreas At an unknown depth - - - - - ing stations and turning places for the material trans material the for places turning and stations ing load as served have could They buried. partly were that breakouts cavern-like three had tunnel the tion, addi In significantly. safety reduced which tunnel, (2,625-foot) 800-metre of the length entire the over Furthermore, radio communication did not function mud. and clay with percent to 80 up buried point one at and (12 water under inches) 30 centimetres to up was tunnel of the Part investigation. a further of the shaft. Additional during appeared challenges bottom the at even present, oxygen no was there that emerged it specialist, adrainage with inspection site first the During shaft. (24-inch) vertical wide 60-centimetre (50-foot) only and a 15-metre deep through was tunnel to the access remaining only The assignment. this for instrument perfect the be to proved MultiStation MS50 Nova Leica The resurveyed. be to had tunnel the found, be The of LeicaGeosystemsGlobal Magazine |35 - - - >>

© Trigonet AG 36 | Reporter 73 of 1 millimetre (0.04 inch). Then, an open traverse traverse open an (0.04 inch). Then, of 1millimetre accuracy an within shaft the into position the fer hours. six for sufficient only was tunnel the in air the because pressure time enormous under was operation measuring entire The ensured. to be had protection breathing with supply oxygen necessary the all, above and, transport material exit, entry, safe radios, and flashlights hardhats, with ment equip to mining addition In employee. Swissphoto aBSF and AGemployees Trigonet three the for vice the tunnel using these three points in order to trans order in points three these using tunnel the in down calculated was station Afree shaft. vertical ofthe top the at established were points control three and ground above measured first was survey, official ofthe points fixed the on based network, Acontrol height. and position (2 both for inches) 5 centimetres as specified was accuracy desired The precison high requires tunnel the to down coordinates Transferring ser rescue the by developed even was plan tional challenge. Like an expedition,- an opera emergency safety-related and logistical atrue into work survey difficult already the made conditions extreme These the tunnel’s thin air for preparations Safety this day. to excavations raw remain and developed fully never were tunnel ofthe ends two The railcars. portation Unlike normal work environments, surveying of the tunnel needed special equipment. - - -

points had to be carried out manually. The observer observer The manually. out carried to be had points oftarget measurement the So display. the on hair cross and image the to transfer camera integrated an have not did telescope the and non-robotic was gyroscope the on station total the Unfortunately, shaft. vertical (980 the feet) from metres 300 about transferred to be had tunnel the in orientation the shaft, of the bottom the at deep too was water the because and geometry tunnel the to Due out. carried was survey a forward-and-back and tunnel the into lowered then was equipment survey ofthe hour. All one took distance reference (425-foot) long 130-metre ground above the on measurement Each Swissphoto. BSF by out carried were measurements These tunnel. the into network above-ground ofthe orientation ofthe transfer cise pre for used was Gyromat2000, the A gyroscope, CAD. with later generated were (0.4 profiles inch).metre The 1centi than ofless resolution avertical at MS50 Nova the with scanned was portion undeveloped the tunnel, ofthe ends At both changed. geometry nel 70 additional profiles were recorded when the tun approximately traversing, (100 feet). During 660 and metres 200 30 and between varied distances aiming the situation, the on Depending stations. ofthe each at measured was bolt) (reflector point control lateral withsurvey centerings, each established with one

length, it rises to a massive 100 metres (330 metres 100 feet). to amassive rises it length, increasing with and, shaft vertical ofthe area the in (39 a minimum at is 12 feet), metres cover the about At abasis. as served infrastructure, and houses grate inte not does (swissALTI3D), which model terrain surface swisstopo The calculated. to be had also rain ter to the differences height The out. carried were desired than setups fewer constraints, time to the Due to burial. due inaccessible were that breakouts like cavern three the in particularly reconstructed, to be had points profile Several CAD. using out carried was processing for and longitudinal profiles transverse ing the client’s specifications. Further measurement meet (0.8 inches), thus of2centimetres accuracy elevation an and (1.6 horizontally inches) centimetres of4 accuracy ameasurement to achieve possible was it tunnel, ofthe end At the survey. official of the points fixed the on based and measurements all from combined place, took ofcoordinates calculation The specification to schedule, On tasks. of measuring kinds these for ideal are function scanning and era cam integrated The MS50. Nova Leica the with outs break the and length entire its over tunnel ofthe ing record subsequent the in arise not did problem This through the ocular. looking when mask breathing aspecial to wear had The MultiStation allows accurate surveying without the need of aiming through targets the telescope. [email protected] Switzerland. AGin Trigonet at manager project and engineer geomatic agraduate is Barmettler Andreas author: the About MultiStation. to the completed within six is hours undoubtedly also due safely (2,625-foot) be could tunnel 800-metre long ofthe measurements the That measuring. when fere inter not did mask breathing the so display, to the transferred were camera telescope integrated the of image and crosshair the because useful ticularly par was it And camera. integrated an and panel helpful function, scanning an illuminated control extremely an speed, rotating ahigh has It ment. instru measuring accurate auniversal, as value its proven has MultiStation MS50 Nova Leica ofthe Use accuracy. horizontal specified the achieve to reliably order in sense made also gyroscope ofthe Use effort. ical phys and pressure time enormous despite safely vey sur tunnel the out to carry possible was It revealed. been now has tunnel forgotten ofthe mystery The reduces measuring time MultiStation Nova Leica The of LeicaGeosystemsGlobal Magazine |37 - - - - -

© Trigonet AG 38 | Reporter 73 building in motion in building a Scanning DAVIS Vice-President of Integrated Construction Construction ofIntegrated Vice-President DAVIS properties,” historic with working area, this in niche a has developer “The itself. beside to be needed really York Avenue 639 New plans, development the of rest the To with DAVIS. by work contracted ment develop downtown ofamassive part was and tory to his subject also is building the But preservation. 1891. It’s a historic building calling for scrupulous in built York Avenue, 639 at New was question in building The thankfully. to plan, according was This 34feet! moved had building the that discovering later, week a again it scanning then and D.C., Washington ning a four-story, 880-ton brick building in scan after wrong be to that proved Maryland Corporation (DAVIS)G. Davis Construction of James But scanning. architectural in about write to new much be wouldn’t there that seem would ofumentations for buildings many yearsso it PS W. Stocking, Angus by laser scanners to create high-quality 3D doc high-quality create to scanners laser using been have professionals infrastructure and contractors planners, otherArchitects, - - - - plane. “Within Cyclone, we can easily project planes, planes, project easily can we Cyclone, “Within plane. from deformations to identify used was maps, heat tool, analysis main The clouds. point manipulate and to import solutions software Cyclone Leica and Infinity Leica used staff office and crews DAVIS deal.” abig been have would move the after that about Learning space. public into inches eight actually was that facade brick the in abulge showed scan the but known, was space public into of encroachment SuperintendentProject Doug Bauer. “Four inches says thought,” we than lines property over farther even was building the that learned we thing, one obtained with conventional techniques. “For survey been have not could and invaluable was provided information detailed C10. The ScanStation a Leica with setups three just routine; was scan initial The on early insights crucial Providing and moved.” and preserved, entirely to be had buildings two opment, devel overall the with to work But preserved. to be needed facade the just some, on affected; were ings build several case, this “In explains. Scanlon Chris

© shalom baranes associates | architects - - from a property line for example, and then generate heat maps, showing us deformations relative to that plane,” Senior Field Engineer Mike Cumberland explains. “It’s a really nice feature, giving us critical information quickly.”

The building’s deformation data helps us to add bracing as needed before a move, to facilitate removal and accurate replacement of building sections, and to account for property line issues, as described above. The heat maps analysis also discovered another deformation in a sidewall, a bulge that could have been a big problem. “We were moving this building 34 feet laterally onto a new pad within a few inches of an existing four-story building,” explains Cumberland. “In fact, pilasters on each building were projected to be within two inches of each other—so when we learned that our building’s pilasters were out of plumb, leaning more than an inch past vertical, we realized we had a potential issue. But a scan of the neighbouring building saved the situation; since that building leaned inward about five inches in the corresponding area of the sidewalls.”

Tracking the move for accuracy The house is moved on jacks to its new location. During the actual move, DAVIS used a Leica Nova MS50 MultiStation to track the building and compare owned office building], which justified a large portion its path to an ideal baseline. “We knew where the of the cost, but after that we weren’t sure there building was, from as-builts, and we knew where it would be enough scanning to dedicate a crew to it. needed to be moved,” Bauer says. “Since there are But in fact, high density surveying quickly became five jacks actually pushing the building, we were able standard for us – it’s just more efficient, and field to make adjustments mid-course.” During the event, crews caught on quickly.” the initial track of the push would have left the building three inches out of square. By adjusting the jacks As laser scanners become more common, it seems we could bring it back onto the desired course. that all their applications have been discovered. But DAVIS Construction demonstrated by success- Several prisms were mounted on the moving building fully and accurately moving an 880-ton building, and shot periodically. But Cumberland says next time, surveyors and contractors might only begin to real- the process will be done differently. “We’ll mount ise what this remarkable technology is capable of prisms for the next move, but this time, the Leica achieving. Nova MS50 tracked continuously, giving us even better real-time information.” Building move video: https://vimeo.com/125509745

Scanning becoming standard This article is adapted from the original, published in in construction American Surveyor edition July 2015. For more infor- “When we formed our Virtual Construction Group six mation please visit http://www.amerisurv.com/. years ago, the investment in the Leica ScanStation C10 was a big leap of faith,” says Scanlon. “We did About the author: have a couple of use cases, including the Constitu- Angus W. Stocking, PS, is a licensed land surveyor who tion Center [at over 93,000 square metres (1 mil- has been writing about infrastructure since 2002. lion square feet), the Center is D.C.’s largest privately [email protected]

The Global Magazine of Leica Geosystems | 39 3D laser scanning: Anticipating the uncontrollable

by Vicki Speed veys and District Office Chief Nelson Aguilar, PLS, was determined to prevent in the future. When the magnitude 6.9 Loma Prieta earthquake struck Northern California Oct. 17, 1989, As construction began in 2002 on a new 3,1-kilo- the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge (SFOBB) metre (1,9-mile) east span of the Bay Bridge, a system, known locally as the Bay Bridge, was ground-breaking technology was beginning to draw one of the major man-made structures that interest in the surveying and engineering community. sustained damage. A section of the east span’s 3D laser scanning, pioneered by Ben Kacyra as High upper deck collapsed onto the lower deck, kill- Definition Surveying (HDS) under the brand Cyrax ing one person and forcing a month-long closure (acquired by Leica Geosystems in 2001), promised to of one of the most important transportation revolutionise as-built documentation by using lasers arteries in the region. for 3D reality capture.

California Department of Transportation (Cal- In April 2008, during the preliminary work on the trans) officials and project partners needed to Bay Bridge South-South detour project, the Caltrans know how much movement had occurred across team used an early version of the Leica ScanStation the original east span due to the collapsed and laser scanner to capture areas under the deck and damaged deck sections. Unfortunately, as-built surrounding areas of the bridge. These early success- measurement records of the Bay Bridge and es set the stage to complete the visionary project the other major bridges in the Bay Area did not conceived by Aguilar – a detailed, survey-accurate exist, so obtaining a quantitative assess-ment digital as-built model of the entire Bay Bridge, an on the entire original east span truss section effort that would come to be known by the District 4 deformation was not possible. It was a dilemma survey team as “The Erskine Project”. “A key part of that Caltrans District 4 Right of Way Field Sur- the survey project was to ensure that the structures

40 | Reporter 73 the lower deck of the western span, the underside of underside the span, western ofthe deck lower the to scan scanners C10 laser ScanStation Leica three used crews Caltrans The spans. both on Monday and evening Sunday morning, Saturday on scanning mobile performed crews air. the Ground from data LiDAR to gather site bridge the over flew team try photogramme aerial an morning, late Monday On Day. Labor following morning Tuesday 10 to early pm at night Wednesday from was closure planned The project. span east the for crews survey Caltrans the managed had chief, who Branch Bay West and surveyor tation transpor senior PLS, Vandegrift, to C.J. looked trans Cal work, the To manage decks. span west the scan to opportunity best the 2013 in provide end would week Day Labor over bridge ofthe closure planned A to scan. easy was span east new the structure, span east original the using still was traffic Since A timeline tight says. Aguilar event,” seismic amajor in expected as behave would and design per done were contractor the by built and consultants by designed - - - - and the project was completed on schedule. In fact, fact, In schedule. on completed was project the and requirements, accuracy met survey-grade scanners laser terrestrial stationary the from data the ditions, con challenging the Despite control. for used were that structure ofthe portions tower, stable SFOBB ofeach top the on corners south and north the at taken also were measurements GPS observed. not where multipath interference with the was cables spans centre ofthe decks the on night at taken were measurements GPS Multiple GPS. and stations total To redundancy, achieve maximum the team added were significant.” atmospheric vibration and subsequent deflections Vandegrift. “Even without vehicles on the bridge, the says experienced,” we what like nothing but tion, “We anticipated and some thermal vibra expansion vibration. extreme foreseen: hadn’t team the lenge chal one was there but smoothly, to proceed work ofthe much allowed planning aday. Meticulous hours 12 least at for continuously ran scanners three All tunnel. YBI lower the through deck upper bridge (SAS) suspension self-anchored the and spans, both The of LeicaGeosystemsGlobal Magazine |41 - - - >>

© Rebecca Boyer work was finished faster than anticipated, allowing control tight, you get the best product with the least Caltrans to open the new east span of the bridge to amount of field time. traffic about seven hours earlier than planned. “On many projects, uncontrolled changes can occur, Powerful 3D information so the contractor ends up needing more data,” she For Vandegrift and the other professionals on the adds. “Surveyors often have to deal with more trips team, the project provided crucial insights on the to the field or datum changes. But with scanning, we practices and procedures required to ensure a suc- know once we have a model, the folks back in the cessful outcome with laser scanning. “The most office can mine data from it without more field work. important thing to remember, especially on a pro- We could not have created this data intensive, high ject this size, is the need to set control,” Vandegrift accuracy model in such a short amount of time with- says. “Many contractors think they can hop off with out cutting edge technology such as 3D laser scan- a receiver and come up with a Continuously Oper- ning. We can achieve detail that conventional sur- ating Reference Stations (CORS) – that won’t work veying methods simply can’t and have raw data right on a project like this, and scanning ups the ante. down to the bolts and rivets. That’s powerful.” Contractors must calibrate off established control or they won’t have the same values. With scanning, if a Editor’s note: project team uses the wrong control, they will gather This article has been shortened from its original for- data that is exponentially inaccurate.” mat to fit space constraints. To download the complete article as a PDF, visit www.leica-geosystems.us. Surveyors and contractors must understand that to create the model from a scan is simple – but for This article is adapted from the original, published in it to be accurate and calibrated to local horizontal LiDAR News Vol5 No1. For more information please and vertical datums, they must look deeper into the visit www.lidarnews.com. surveying methodology and associated errors. They must understand the scaling from the grid reference About the author: system back to the ground, particularly in an area like Vicki Speed is a freelance writer based in Colorado San Francisco, where the earth shifts continuously. who specialises in architecture, engineering and construction space. “I’m extraordinarily proud of this project,” says Van- degrift. “When it comes to scanning, if you get the

Detailed point cloud of the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge.

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