Letnik Volume 40 40 Številka Number 182/183 182/183 Strani Pages 1
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2019 letnik 40 številka 182/183 strani 1–78 volume 40 number 182/183 pages 1–78 Acrocephalus glasilo Društva za opazovanje in proučevanje ptic Slovenije Impresum / Impressum Journal of DOPPS - BirdLife Slovenia ISSN 0351-2851 Lastnik / Owned by: Izhajanje in naročnina: V letniku izidejo 4 številke v dveh zvezkih. Društvo za opazovanje in proučevanje ptic Slovenije Letna naročnina za ustanove je 73,50 EUR, za posameznike 50,00 EUR. (DOPPS - BirdLife Slovenia), p.p. 2990, SI–1001 Ljubljana, Slovenija Annual publications and membership subscription (abroad): One volume comprises 4 numbers in two issues. Annual subscription Oddaja rokopisov / Manuscript submission: is 73,50 EUR for institutions and organisations, and 50,00 EUR for DOPPS - BridLife Slovenia, individuals. p.p. 2990, SI–1001 Ljubljana, Slovenija e-mail: [email protected] Vaš kontakt za naročnino / Your contact for subscription: DOPPS - Birdlife Slovenia (za Acrocephalus) Glavni urednik / Editor-in-Chief: p.p. 2990 Tilen Basle, e-mail: [email protected] Sl-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenija tel.: +386 1 4265875 Uredniški odbor / Editorial Board: e-mail: [email protected] dr. Bojidar Ivanov, Sofia, Bulgaria prof. dr. Franc Janžekovič, Maribor, Slovenia Poslovni račun: SI56 0430 2000 3155 297 dr. Primož Kmecl, Ljubljana, Slovenia dr. Jelena Kralj, Zagreb, Croatia Internacional Girobank: Nova KBM d.d. prof. dr. Lovrenc Lipej, Koper, Slovenia No. SI56 0430 2000 3155 297 dr. Gordan Lukač, Paklenica, Croatia prof. dr. Roger H. Pain, Ljubljana, Slovenia Sofinancer /Co-financed by: Javna agencija za raziskovalno dr. Nikolai V. Petkov, Sofia, Bulgaria dejavnost Republike Slovenije/ Slovenian Research Agency prof. dr. Jeno J. Purger, Pecs, Hungary dr. Peter Sackl, Graz, Austria Revija je indeksirana / The journal is indexed in: AGRICOLA, AQUATIC SCIENCES ANO FISHERIES ABSTRACTS, BIOSIS prof. dr. Peter Trontelj, Ljubljana, Slovenia PREVIEWS, BOSTAO SPA SERIALS, COBIB, DLIB.SI, ORNITHOLOGICAL Marko Tucakov, Novi Sad, Serbia WORLDWIDE LITERATURE, ORNITHOLOGISCHE SCHRIFTENSCHAU, RAPTOR INFORMATION SYSTEM, SCOPUS, ZOOLOGICAL RECORD Lektor in prevajalec / Language editor and translator: Henrik Ciglič Oblikovanje / Design: Jasna Andrič Published by: Prelom / Typesetting: NEBIA d. o. o. Tisk / Print: Schwarz print d. o. o. © Revija, vsi v njej objavljeni prispevki, tabele, grafikoni in skice so Naklada / Circulation: 1000 izvodov / copies avtorsko zavarovani. Za rabo, ki jo zakon o avtorskih pravicah izrecno ne dopušča, je potrebno soglasje izdajatelja. To velja posebej za razmnoževanje (kopiranje), obdelavo podarkov, prevajanje, shranjevanje na mikrofilme in shranjevanje in obdelavo v elektronskih sistemih. Dovoljeno je kopiranje za osebno rabo v raziskavah in študijah, kritiko in v preglednih delih. Mnenje avtorjev ni nujno mnenje uredništva. Partner: Birdlife lnternational Ilustracija na naslovnici / Front page: priba / Northern Lapwing Vanellus vanellus risba / drawing: Janez Plestenjak Ilustracija v uvodniku / Editorial page: liska / Eurasian Coot Fulica atra risba / drawing: Jan Hošek Acrocephalus 40 (182/183): 1, 2019 Acrocephalus danes in jutri Acrocephalus for today and tomorrow Pred vami je nova številka Acrocephalusa, ki v preizkušeni formi prinaša izsledke ornitoloških raziskav, odkritij in zanimivosti med slovenske in tuje bralce že štirideset let. Pomena Acrocephalusa ne gre prezreti, saj so se ob pisanju prispevkov kalile mnoge generacije raziskovalcev, objavljeni članki pa so pomembno podpirali naravovarstvena prizadevanja številnih nevladnih in vladnih organizacij. Pretekla desetletja so bila za slovensko naravovarstvo prebojna, zato moramo ohraniti kvalitetna, predvsem pa vsem dostopna znanstvena dognanja na dosegu roke (oči). V zadnjih mesecih se je v Sloveniji zvrstilo kar nekaj resnih napadov na naravo, ob tem pa med »argumenti« ni manjkalo omadeževanja nevladnih organizacij in podtikanja dvoma o znanstvenih dognanjih in delu razisko- valcev. Prav zaradi slednjega je še posebno pomembno, da v Sloveniji ohra- nimo kakovostno, ugledno in vsem dostopno znanstveno revijo. Acrocep- halus je nedvomno vse od prej naštetega, le s sodobnimi informacijskimi rešitvami se še ni dodobra spoprijateljil. Acrocephalus mora ostati revija, v kateri bomo s ponosom objavljali tudi naša najboljša ornitološka dognanja. Razvijala se bo lahko le ob sodelovanje vseh nas, zato se veselim vseh novih člankov kot tudi pobud in predlogov. * * * Here is a new issue of Acrocephalus, the journal which has been bringing the results of ornithological research, discoveries and interesting observa- tions to domestic as well as foreign readers for no less than forty years. The significance of our journal should in no way be overlooked, considering that several generations of researchers have gained much experience through writing their contributions, while the published articles have significant- ly supported conservation efforts by numerous NGOs and GOs. As the past decades have been heralded as a major breakthrough in Slovenian nature conservation, we should retain high-quality and, above all, publicly accessible scientific results within the reach of our hands (eyes). In the last few months, quite few serious attacks on nature have taken place in Slovenia, with »arguments« that tarnished the image of NGOs and incited doubt in scientific results and researchers’ work. Owing espe- cially to the latter, it is of utmost importance that a high-quality, reputable and generally accessible scientific journal is retained in Slovenia. Acroceph- alus is no doubt everything just mentioned, barring the fact that it has not managed to make good friends with modern information solutions as yet. Acrocephalus must remain a journal in which we shall also proudly publish our best ornithological findings. It will be able to develop, however, only with participation of all of us, which is why I am looking forward to all new articles as well as initiatives and suggestions. Tilen Basle urednik / Editor-in-Chief 1 Acrocephalus 40 (182/183): 3–22, 2019 10.1515/acro-2019-0009 Dinamika populacije in raba habitatov pribe Vanellus vanellus v kmetijski krajini na Dravskem in Ptujskem polju (SV Slovenija) Population dynamics and habitat use by Northern Lapwing Vanellus vanellus in agricultural landscape of Dravsko and Ptujsko polje (NE Slovenia) Eva Horvat1, Damijan Denac2 1 Fakulteta za naravoslovje in matematiko, Univerza v Mariboru, Koroška cesta 160, SI–2000 Maribor, Slovenija, e–mail: [email protected] 2 Društvo za opazovanje in proučevanje ptic Slovenije (DOPPS), Tržaška cesta 2, SI–1000 Ljubljana, Slovenija, e–mail: [email protected] The Northern Lapwing numbers across Europe are declining owing to its insufficient breeding success. To determine the size, dynamics and habitat use of the lapwing population at Dravsko and Ptujsko polje, a survey was carried out between 2016 and 2018. In 2016, 2017 and 2018, we recorded 148, 130, and 117 pairs, respectively. The population declined during the study and the population trend is uncertain. Approximately 12 to 21% of the national lapwing population was recorded at Dravsko and Ptujsko polje, making them one of the most important breeding areas in Slovenia. The majority of lapwings were found in bare tilled fields and fields with young spring crops that enable unbroken all-round views. Crop data analysis showed a significant preference for maize fields which are mostly bare tillage at the start of the incubation period and therefore act as an ecological trap for lapwings due to the time coincidence of the nesting period and farming operations. For the protection of the lapwing in Slovenia, we recommend a time limit of farming operations or avoiding individual nests while working in the field. Both measures are recommended to be implemented in combination with the provision of suitable foraging habitat for chicks. For greater effectiveness, we propose priority implementation of conservation measures on traditional breeding sites. Key words: Northern Lapwing, Vanellus vanellus, population dynamics, habitat use, agricultural landscape, conservation measures Ključne besede: priba, Vanellus vanellus, dinamika populacije, raba habitatov, kmetijska krajina, varstveni ukrepi 1. Uvod za gnezdenje, prehranjevanje ali prezimovan- je, pomembno prispevajo k biotski pestros- Na območju Evropske unije je bilo leta 2019 ti Evrope (Krebs et al. 1999). V zadnjih 37 približno 40 % ozemlja uporabljenega za kmeti- letih so populacije ptic kmetijskih ekosistemov jsko proizvodnjo (Cook 2019). Ptice, ki na upadle za skoraj 60 %, kar je največji ugotovl- teh površinah uporabljajo različne habitate jeni upad v kateremkoli evropskem ekosistemu 3 E. Horvat, D. Denac: Dinamika populacije in raba habitatov pribe Vanellus vanellus v kmetijski krajini na Dravskem in Ptujskem polju (SV Slovenija) (Fuller et al. 1995, Pecbms 2019). Mnoge posevki, preorane in prebranane njive in travišča z vrste ptic, ki so ekološki specialisti in gnezdijo nizko vegetacijo (Aleš 2004, Bellebaum & Bock pretežno ali izključno na kmetijskih površinah, 2009, Berg et al. 2002, Galbraith 1988a, so danes ogrožene zaradi zmanjšanja kvalitete MacDonald & Bolton 2008, Milsom 2005, gnezditvenih habitatov predvsem zaradi inten- Sheldon et al. 2005, Shrubb 1990, Shrubb et ziviranja kmetijstva (Chamberlain et al. 2000, al. 1991, Taylor & Grant 2004, Wilson et al. Donald et al. 2001, Wilson et al. 2004). V manj 2001). kvalitetnih habitatih sta količina in dostopnost Glavni vzrok za upadanje populacij pribe hrane manjši (Benton et al. 2002,