The Story of Dartmouth

’ President s House Frontisp'iece THE STORY OF DARTMOUTH

BY WI LD ER DWIG H T QU I N T

W ITH ILLU STRA TI O NS BY JOHN ALB ERT SEAFORD

BOSTON TT R A LI LE , B OWN, ND 1 92 2 ri 1 1 Copy ght , 9 4,

LI B OW AND OMPA Y. BY TTLE , R N, C N

PRINTE D IN TH E UNIT ED Su ms or AMERICA PREFACE

I HA V E t o acknowledge gratefully my indebted ness in w rit ing t his Story Of Dartmouth to the

of remarkable History Dartmouth College, Volume ” I , by the late Frederick Chase, and the equally

of excellent History Dartmouth College , Volume ”

K . . II , by John Lord Other useful and interesting

’ R o material I have found in the ev . Francis Br wn s Origins of Dartmouth College ; Professor Charles

’ F . Emerson s historical sketch introductory to the Dartmouth General Catalogue Of 1 9 1 I ; The Dart ” ROll Of R mouth Honor, by edington and Hodgkins ;

’ ° Dartmouth Athletics , by John H . Bartlett, 94

’ Dr . W . T . Smith s Hanover Forty Years Ago ; ’ Crosby s First Half Century of Dartmouth Col

lege and variou s letters , diaries , and magazines .

W . D . Q.

October I 1 1 , 9 4 .

CONTENTS

The Indian Charity Sc hool

The Evolution

Vox Cla ma nt is in Deserto

Getting Under Wa y

The Reign of t h e Crown Prince

The G reat Case

Dana a nd Tyler

Nathan Lord a nd his Young G entlemen

The Dartmouth Roll of Honor

The Fi rst City President

The Man of I ron

Th e G rea t Awakening

The Old Traditions

’ Dartmouth Out -O - Doo rs

What M en DO at Dartmouth

Why M en Go t o Dartmouth

Index

LIST OF I LLUSTRATIONS

’ P resident s Hous e

Rollins Chap el

Th e Old B ridge

Da rtmouth Hall

College Ch u rch

Wh eeler Hall

Webster Hall

Hanover Inn

North Massac hus etts H a ll

Th e Tower

College Hall

Tuc k Hall

Wil son Hall (Lib ra ry)

Th e Alumni Gymna si um

Reed and Ba rtlett Halls

T H E

O F DA RT M OU

CHAPTER I

TH E INDIAN CHARITY S CHOO L

6 1 66 N the evening Of February , 7 , an Oddly

assorted pair Of Americans reached London ,

o f - o the great Babylon its day , after a seventeen h ur

S - coach ride from Salisbury . ince the twenty third

Of December, the two had been on their journey

- of M a ssa chu from Boston , in the far away colony

setts . Neptune and Aeolus had played them scurvy

B st . o on Pa ck et tricks Their passage in the ship ,

of Captain John Marshall , toward the cost Which

o ne Of John Hancock , the ship owners , had remitted

ﬁve pounds , had been sufﬁciently trying to men Of little marine experience ; to add exasperation t o

- physical ill being , an easterly gale had kept them

- from port for twenty two days , and within two

’ hundred miles Of Land s End . But on February 3

i - they were landed at Brix a m in a ﬁ sh ng boat . By horses ’ backs and coaches they made their 1 THE STORY OF DARTM OUTH

s way to the metropolis , reaching it when Oil wick

s were guttering in the street lamps , and torche — ﬂaring as the link boys rushed hither and thither, like the saucy young imps Of darkness they were .

That the travelers from America were confused , startled , and astounded may be taken for granted , but need not be ; their letters and diaries give notable testimony to the perturbed state of their feelings at being proj ected into London life fo r the ﬁrst time . These men could and did attract the attention

w a Of the London crowds , even at a time when it s the fashion t o pretend a cool indifference to any ” thing but the doings of the Macaroni . Samson

Occom w a s - , the older Of the two , a full blooded

Mohegan Indian from Connecticut . With his

- lithe , athletic ﬁgure , his strong , copper tinted face , his straight black hair hanging over his shoulders ,

- his broad , White bib tie and sober clerical clothes , he made a picture Of contradiction that caught the eye Of serious and frivolous alike .

’ ccom s w a s O companion , Nathaniel Whitaker, tall , handsome , and distinguished in bearing . He ,

w a s Of too , a man Of God that robust and somewhat quarrelsome type that New England produced so prodigally in the seventeenth and eighteenth cen i r es . t u He was a Princeton College Presbyterian , 2 THE INDIAN CHAR ITY SCHOOL and destined later t o raise hisvoice in ﬁery denun cia t ion Of Toryism ; t o squabble with his people in every pastorate he held ; to be accused Of trying to corner ” the wine and raisin market in Nor

t o wich , Connecticut, while a pastor there , and be called by the historian Of that town a worldly ” R v man and frequently irregular . Possibly the e

w a s t o - erend Mr . Whitaker a o j aunty shepherd for Puritan ﬂocks ; but his qualities certainly gave him efﬁciency for his London mission .

S Occom amson , the glory Of the Indian nation , and Nathaniel Whitaker, Of more doubtful glory , had come to London to stir up subscriptions fo r the ” S o Indian Charity cho l , located in Lebanon ,

Connecticut, and the direct ancestor Of Dartmouth

College . This institution was owned and conducted

1 by Eleazar Wheelock , Yale 73 3 , already a noted pulpiteer, pamphleteer, controversialist, and edu cator . The pilgrims were accredited to George Z Whiteﬁeld , that ﬂaming sword of ion , who knew

Wheelock well and was eager to help him in his great plans for educating and then Christianizing the young savages of the eastern border Of Ameri ca . As a matter Of fact though they themselves could — not have known it they were on their way to the highly respectable and God- fearing nobleman who w a s t o give his name t o the collegiate child of 3 THE STORY OF DARTMOUTH

’ Eleazar Wheelock s mind and heart . After Whee ” o l ck , the Great Awakening , the American Indian , and the British peerage formed the trio most inﬂu ent ial f in the founding o Dartmouth . These American ambassado rs from the learned

Connecticut parson and school- teacher spent their ﬁrst somewhat disturbed night in London at the

Of D D e Berdt w ho house ennis , a rich merchant had been in correspondence with Wheelock through

’ Whit eﬁ ld e s inﬂuence . The next morning they

Of were taken to the house the revivalist, afterward being provided with a furnished house hard by the

Temple through his generous effort for their com fort . Evidently Whiteﬁeld had long held prophetic vision of the Earl of Dartmouth as one w ho would listen to the Macedonian call from Wheelock and his Indians ; that if he would not go over and help them , he would at least provide some Of the sinews fo r w a r the holy and induce others to do the same . The Americans had been in London hardly a week before he arranged a meeting with the peer, who was at that time First Lord of Trade and Plantations and afterward ( 1 772) Secretary of State for the m “ . c c : Colonies Says O o in his diary Monday,

’

Feb . ru o . I th , Mr Whiteﬁeld took Mr Whitaker and I in his Coach and Introduced us t o my Lord 4 THE INDIAN CHARITY SCHOOL

’ a ea r d Dartmouth , and he p like a Worthy Lord indeed Mr . Whiteﬁeld says he is a Christian Lord ” 1 and an uncommon one .

’ But Occom s naive approval Of the second Earl t o f Dartmouth did not extend o Londoners en masse. S ” “ Last abbath Evening, continues the diary , I

’ t o walk d with Mr . Wright Cary a letter t o my Lord Dartmouth and Saw Such Confut io n as I

of w a s never dreamt , there some at Churches Sing ’ S S ing p g and Preaching, in the treets ome Cursing ,

one Swearing and Damming another, others was

Wh est lin holloaing , g, talking , gigling , and Laugh ing, and Coaches and footmen passing and repass

- ing , Crossing and Cress Crossing, and the poor

! Begers Praying Crying and Beging up on their

Knees .

t wo w a s Of the , Whitaker the more practised

n f ma n Of the world . It is not o record that any o

o r the sights Of London , either sacred profane, hurt his sensibilities in any w ay . He knew that his

mission was to raise money , and he realized the

1 a t c os n sta t ement e e ent r t t en in so er ea rnest Th l i g , whil vid ly w i b t h e n ian m n st er was th e ca use of t remen ous a r t en by I d i i , d hil i y wh uot e ro essor ranc s Bro n in his a ress The Ori ins o Bart q d by P f F i w dd , g f mouth Colle e a t t he rocee n s nc ent t o th e a in of th e corner g , p di g i id l y g

st one of th e new art mout a Oct o er 26 1 0 . Th e s xt a r D h H ll , b , 9 4 i h E l of artmout wh o was sea t e on th e a t orm wa s th e ﬁrst t o see th e D h , d pl f , o e and his roa rs of au t er e e t h e re ut a t on of his countr men j k , l gh b li d p i y a as t o q ui ck pprecia t ion of humor. 5 THE STORY OF DARTMOUTH

value Of a friend in high places . With all his a p — parent lack Of ta ct Whit eﬁeld termed him for ” w a s ward , but admitted that he certainly very indefatigable he was a good promoter and doubtless knew something Of the science Of a dv er t isin Occom g , since soon became quite the rage in

o on . Lond n , where he was mimicked the stage The “ ” o c M hegan prea her little thought , he wrote, I ” sho uld ever come to that honor . But if the un godly played upon his fame , the godly did some thing to atone therefor by naming a popular new

- Leb a non hymn tune in honor Of his American . place

ow n Awa k ed Of residence , and by singing his hymn ,

’ b Si s Aw ul Sound y na i f , which is still in use in some

c o f ou r churc h colle tions . ’ Lord Dartmouth s favor having been won , to gether with an initial subscriptio n of ﬁfty pounds fo r S the Indian Charity chool , the road to success

w a s . 1 1 66 well opened Under date Of March 9, 7 , Whitaker wrote to Wheelo c k :

Mr . Whiteﬁeld is entirely friendly, and by his

’ so our friendship I have my Lord Dartmouth s ,

. not way to the throne is very short The kg . hath

c c m seen Mr . O o as yet because Of this pla gy stamp act . But now thats all over I expect he will see him

c m . O co as soon as Mr is well Of ye smallpox, which

1 0 . tis likely will be in 8 o r days The K . has prom 6

THE STORY OF DARTMOUTH large sums to yo ung tradesmen without security ; he would amuse himself by buying church livings and making gifts Of them t o struggling clergymen ; he would publish religious books at his own expense and send them all o ver the world in his ships . TO a man Of his temperament , the Indian Charity

o o Scho l idea , with its substratum Of religious pr se lyting , must have appealed strongly . The redskin

so preacher , who was great a factor in the money raising because he was himself the embo diment

’ o Of his cause , was a better argument for Th rnton than a dozen polished exhorters could possibly have been .

’ c com s O activity , doubtless kept warm by Whit

’ a nd sense aker s superior energy Of publicity values , ' D r was extraordinary . uring thei stay in Great

Britain , he preached over three hundred sermons , and so ‘ well did he comport himself in the pulpit that he aroused visions Of a great conversion Of the

’ Indian race . He had something Of the redskin s native eloquence and imagination , and he was practi c al enough to know that he wanted money

o and to ask fo r it . Contributions ﬂ wed in . All

o s rts and conditions Of men and women , from the

’ throne to the peasant s farmhold , gave to this

- ﬁv e strange , new cause . There were twenty hundred

o n names the ﬁnal list , and not the least appealing 8 THE INDIAN CHARITY SCHOOL t o the Dartmouth of today are the entries : A ” 1 3 1 0s . 6d . Widow, 5 and Two Widows , Before coming across the sea on their quest Of

Oc com gold , Whitaker and had been warned Of the not t oo Christian animosities that lay between the t wo great missionary societies Of London and Of “ S o o f Edinburgh , The ociety for the Propagati n the Gospel in Foreign Parts and The Society in ” Scotland for Propagating Christian Kno wledge .

Wheelock had received money from each fo r his Lebanon school and had diplomatically kept peace

’ between their Boston branches . It was Whitaker s

t o business do the same in England , and he seems

to have been fairly successful . Even Whiteﬁeld

counseled deception ; Whitaker must wholly dis S avow any connection with the cotch Board , for Lord Dartmouth himself would by no means lift — fo r it and he did it like a gentleman while

below the Scottish border .

In Scotland , where the two later made a succ ess

f . ful tour, it was a di ferent story At Edinburgh , the Scotch Society made a pro position to assume the complete patronage Of the Indian Charity S chool , promising more subscriptions if Wheelock

1 Among th e ea rlier gifts in America t o t h e Indian Charit y School was one mar ed as comin rom Bene ct Arno Es a mount in k g f di ld , q , g t o a ar e ro ort io of th e roﬁts of a ent ure i l g p p n p v wh ch h e sent t o sea . 9 THE STORY OF DAR TMOUTH

’ would give up the English allegiance . Wheelock s

6 worldly sense thought the scheme worth consid ering, as perhaps we can control both , and so have ” t w o i t o b ow . S str ngs the The cotch Society did , in fact, become the trustee of the collections made

S t o f in cotland , and this day has a fund or cloth ing , boarding and maintaining such Indians as are designed for missionaries and schoolmasters ” at

Dartmouth , which moneys they do not know how 1 to use.

S t w o o After the cotch tour, the pr pagandists thought Of Ireland as a fertile ﬁeld for their labors , and went across the channel . But here Whitaker found that for once he had been overreached in

one enterprise, and that Morgan Edwards was there gathering in the pounds and shillings for a Bap t ist college to be set up in Rhode Island (after ward Brown University) . Whitaker honorably left

t o his his the ground predecessor, and he and pro tege returned to England by the next ship .

In truth , neither Wheelock nor the friends of the

Indian Charity Sc hool had any cause to complain

Of the results thus far attained . By the autumn Of

1 66 E 7 , the nglish fund amounted to ﬁve thousand

1 Th e ast ndian rad uat e of a rtmout was ar es A. astman l I g D h Ch l E , of th e class of 1 88 th e oux who is now e no n as a s c an 7, Si w ll k w phy i i an a t or d u h . 10 THE INDIAN CHARITY SCHOOL

for . SO w a pounds , a goodly sum that day goodly s it that many Of the donors began t o grow restless . How wa s it t o b e administered and by whom !

ma n no on Was a in distant America , Whom t e Of

o ! them had ever seen , to be given control Of s much Who knew that Whitaker would turn it over intact

for t o Wheelock . The demand a board Of trustees began t o be heard . At ﬁrst neither Lord Dart mouth nor Whiteﬁeld favored the plan . They had implicit faith in Wheelock and believed that all the

t o money should be placed in his hands , he make immediately a will that should provide for the fund ’ s use in the event of his death and for naming Of a successor You must immediately make your

o him will and ﬁx your Successor, t give the monies ” S t o in trust for the chool , Whitaker sent word him .

w a s Wheelock wrote that this satisfactory, and

his w that he would name Whitaker as Elisha . It a s probably a happy circumstance that the mantle was

’ not so to fall . Whitaker s subsequent career was not such as t o suggest a very pleasing picture of him as president of Dartmouth College, although he might have been the cause Of no more trouble

’

w a s ow n son . than Wheelock s , as will appear later w However, the trusteeship scheme on ground m . co rapidly In June , Whitaker, who scented the 1 1 THE STORY OF DARTMOUTH

t o : not ing bondage , wrote his chief A charter is necessary the most of the Societies here are self formed and yet some have very large funds , yet I will try t o Obtain a charter, if friends will agree but I know y ou will Object that it will tie your ”

of . hands . The Serious here are sick trusts

The last sentence has a curiously modern sound .

The Serious are still with us . Returning to London from a tour Of the western

of com counties England , which proved to be a

- Occom forting money getter, Whitaker and found that the trust had been arranged and its nine mem

w a bers chosen . Lord Dartmouth s president ; the

jovial plutocrat, John Thornton , was to handle the

R K . ﬁnances , and obert een was to be the secretary t It was a strong board , hardly o be bettered through out the whole Of England in its neat balance of varied humans and their diverse influences . Whit

aker surrendered to it at once, as indeed he knew

he must, and Wheelock a little later, though with

many pangs , for he feared that the absent treat ment his little institution might receive from trustees thousands Of miles away might make his

work futile . But he knew when to yield diplomat ll e ” ica . y The gentlemen Of y Trust, he wrote to

2 8 1 6 Whitaker, November , 7 7, shewed a laudable

e ’ and Christian Integrity toward y Redeemer s 12 THE INDIAN CHARITY SCHOOL

e cause as y matter appeared to them I never ’ ” blamed them so much as in a tho t .

The work of the Mohegan minister and his tireless protector was now nearing its end . The freshness

’ c com s w a s Of O personal appeal wearing away, and there were signs that the movement was go ing

t oo stale . Unfortunately, , the almost inevitable scandal accompanying the raising Of educational

it s funds in those days made appearance here . It came from a misunderstanding, but had an ugly

. o look for a time It appears that Wheel ck , believing that the disposal Of all the moneys colle c ted would be by his own hands , had written Whitaker early in 1 766 :

You a re ere em o ere t o mi oo t o h by p w d re t in g ds , t he amou nt of t w o o r th ree thousand pounds l awful mo e for t h e Su Of t h e n n a r Sc oo n y, pply I dia Ch ity h l u er m c re for t h e m o r e rom me t o nd y a and issi na i s , f ti

me u o c re of o a o e Eu ro e ti , p n the dit the d n ti ns giv n in p fo r ur o e a nd t o u re t h e merc Of o that p p s , ass hants wh m

ou e oo a u on our c e o f y hav said g ds, th t p y advi them I will d raw o rd ers u p on p ersons in whos e hands t he

a re for t he men f t e donations pay t o h same.

That seemed fair and well ; the trouble was that

o the trustees , when they came into p wer, were not informed of the plan . Opening some letters t o

- Whitaker from a Mr . Eells , a friend and co worker 13 THE STORY OF DARTMOUTH

’ Of Of Wheelock s , they found various mention this plan . They at once thought they scented a swindle ,

’ dishonored one Of Wheelock s drafts that came over

: about that time, and sent him this stinging rebuke

E LEAZ A WH E E L CK . M R . R O — mu c o e e w e e een E . SIR We R V , st a kn wl dg hav b very mu c h alarmed at ﬁnding some clandestin e deal

h e ev r E e Of S on o x M . n e t R . i gs b twi t lls, t ingt n, and f w e r. er c ee r e O M Whitak , whi h had we b n app is d , should have dec lined a cc epting t h e tru st ; and w e con sider it in su c h a n iniq uitou s light that if it is not put

o t o w e ec ne c a n u r er a s ru ee a st p , shall d li a ting y f th t st s for your sc hoo l ; whi c h w e d esire th erefore y ou would

see mme e one e w e re o ce t o e i diat ly d , and th n shall j i giv

ou a ll t he nce w e ca n y assista .

u Even the faithf l Whiteﬁeld was furious . I think the scheme concocted with Mr Eells

very iniquitous and exceedingly imprudent, he

c wrote to Wheelo k . How came you to draw so

many hundreds this last year, and why no account Of the disbursements ! I hope no money is lodged

’ . out in traders hands If it is , it must be drawn ,

expended and accounted for, before any more is ” transmitted . Wheelock acknowledging that the thing looked

shocking in its nakedness , was able to dress it with such reasonable explanations that the trustees 14

THE STORY OF DARTMOUTH for the glory of God and the conversion Of the In dian over eleven thousand pounds . NO school in

America had ever won so handsome an amount in

’ England . Wheelock s confidence in the drawing power Of Occom had been justified . His first pupil had paid his debt many times over .

16 CHAPTER II

TH E EV OLUTION

HILE Samson Oc com and Nathaniel Whit aker were tapping the English rocks and bringing forth such pleasing streams of gold for the

S o Indian Charity cho l , Eleazar Wheelock was wrestling mightily with the angel Of discontent, despite the fact that he had turned ou t some very fair specimens Of Anglicized and Christianized

. of Indians One these was Joseph Brant, the great chief Of later days and o ne Of the ablest redskins civilization ever produced . Others were Joseph D Woolley, avid Fowler, and Hezekiah Calvin , all three Of whom had been sent out as missionary

teachers t o the Mohawks . They had the valuable

Sir favor Of William Johnson , that picturesque Irishman w ho lived in baronial style at Johnson Hall in the Mohawk Valley and became a quasi lord Of the manor t o the Indians Of the Six Nations

' b rea son y Of his tact, his fairness , and his inﬁnite

knowledge Of their language, thoughts , and habits . 1 7 THE STORY OF DARTMOUTH

’ “ ” 1 6 In October, 7 5, Wheelock s boys in the ﬁeld had one hundred and twenty- seven pupils all ’ S told . One of Wheelock s white pupils , amuel

Kirkland , who was to be the father Of a president

Of Harvard College , was already with the Oneidas and doing splendid service so splendid that Wheelock seems to have been j ealous Of his rising fame, and at one time feared that the English board would have been pleased to oust him from control of the Charity School funds in favor of his young graduate . Wheelock saw with uneasiness that the Indian teachers had not been so successful and that they

o . were not overmuch in l ve with their work Fowler , “ Ca nav a roh a ie writing from in Oneida , under

1 1 6 his date Of June 5, 7 5, thus aired grievances :

T is t h e e ce e t o ee m c oo his tw lfth day sin I b gan k p y s h l , and I have put eight Of my sc hola rs into t h e thi rd page

e oo e er saw c re ex of t h e sp lling b k . I n v hild n ceed T e u er of m c o i these in learning . h n mb y s h la rs s twenty

six e e a re re e b ut is cu t o ee , wh n th y all p s nt, it difﬁ lt k p them togeth er ; th ey a re Often roving about from pl a ce t o plac e t o get something t o live on . Provisions a re very

- c rce e o e oo . s a with th m. I a m als t aching a singing s ch l Th ey take great pl easure in l ea rning t o sing ; w e c a n re e al ady ca rry three pa rt s Of several tunes . I hav been treated very kindly since I came t o this place coo a re a s a s o e r c o e a re c My ks nasty h gs , th i l th s bla k and re as m oe e r a re a s r a s m g asy y sh s , th i hands di ty y 18 THE EVOLUTION

feet ; b ut they c leanse them by kn eading b read . Their h a nds will b e clean after kneading th ree or four loaves

m o e t o ea t e er e e me for re . a of b ad I blig d what v th y giv ,

e fear they will b e displ eased with me . Aft r this month I t r t o c e ome of em for mu mo e o shall y l an s th , I st v al ng by e o em is o er e ree . o c t ut d g s If I n e g with th , it all v with

me .

Wheelock was coming to realize that Indian was

for a poor mentor Indian , and his dissatisfaction grew with several fresh reverses in the ﬁeld . Though his training- school at Lebanon was prosperou s enough , he felt that the work of the kingdom lay w in the wilderness , and he sa that he was not get ting results . He had sent to the Onondagas his

son R who n w Oldest , alph , was o heir apparent by the terms Of the will changed at the order Of the

English trustees . The fond father was singularly

son misguided as to the character Of his , who lacked everything that a missio nary to the Indians should have had in the way Of tact , forbearance, and a

of sense justice , and who made redskin enemies faster than the elder Wheelock could make friends . Jo seph Brant told a story Of him that illustrates the point . R One day , according to Brant, alph brusquely

- ordered a Mohawk half breed at the Lebanon school ,

so n William (Major) by name, and an illegitimate 19 THE STORY OF DAR TMOUTH

ir t o Of S William Johnson himself, saddle his horse

o n for him . William refused the ground that he was not there for any such menial purpose , and that

’ he was a gentleman s son . DO you know what a gentleman is ! sneeringly

asked the young Wheelock . “ I do , promptly returned William , doubtless with the picture Of his titled father in mind . A gentleman is a person who keeps race- horses and drinks Madeira wine ; and that is what neither y ou

nor your father do . Therefore, saddle the horse ” R yourself . For this retort courteous , alph induced Eleazar Wheelock to send William back to Johnson ” as t oo proud and litigious . This did not tend to make the powerful lord Of Johnson Hall any the more pleased with the Wheelocks , though he had for some time given them and their branch schools great help in his domain . He had safeguarded their native teachers and had even fed them from his

stores . But his favor was rapidly being alienated . Ralph Wheelock ’ s last trip to the Onondagas

w a s . most disastrous Upon his arrival , he found

K for irkland ill and j ust departing Connecticut, whereupon he bitterly attacked the missionary

before an Indian council , calling him no more than

a servant Of my father w ho is at the h ead o f the ministers of New England and known beyond the 20 Rollins Cha pel

THE STORY OF DARTMOUTH

as quiet was restored , came this gravely signiﬁcant remark from one of the trib e

ro er ou mu e rn Of t h e re c m n er ou B th , y st l a F n h i ist s if y

ou un r o how t o re n T e w ld de stand and kn w t at I di ans . h y ’ o e rou nor do e for e er e m e d n t sp ak ghly , th y v y littl istak

e u eem t o u s e tak p a club and ﬂog them. It s s that th y

e c t h or o od T e e r d e f G . a r er c e a n t a h w d h y v y ha itabl , ’ c n see o e e n ruc na e or un r a t th s th y i st t k d h g y .

Never from an Indian mouth was there a more pungent estimate Of the difference between the methods Of the domineering English and those Of the suave, tactful French in the handling Of the essentially proud men Of the forests . This was the last exploit Of Ralph Wheelock in

rOle en a nt terrible suﬂi cient the Of f , but it was to estrange Sir William Johnson still further . It is

t o but just to the boy, however, remember that even at this time he was subj ect to epileptic attacks , which later so wrecked his intellect that he was put under guardianship and even kept a prisoner at times . Disease shattered forever his dream Of succession . But the ﬁnal blow to Eleazar Wheelock ’ s hopes of establishing intimate Christian relations with the Six Nations was dealt by the inept hand Of another

Of his emissaries . The story is picturesque .

1 68 In the summer Of 7 , Wheelock, whose ears 22 THE EVOLUTION were keenly attuned to the public sounds that might be Of advantage to his enterprise, heard from

o Of some Oneidas who visited him at Leban n , a great coun c il sh o rtly to be held at Mount Johnson

s under the auspi c es Of Sir William . All the tribe

’ in this feudal lord s jurisdiction were to take part ;

fo r presents and plenteous rum were laid in stock, the intent was , as usual , to win something from the — i Indians at small cost n this case land . The Connecticut pedagogue believed that in the general allotment he might be lucky enough to Obtain a grant at a new l o catio n fo r his Charity School he was by now despairing Of any further advance in

Connecticut . He decided to send an agent to the

R n . congress , and ﬁnally picked evere d Jacob W f . o Johnson , Of Groton Never was choice ambas

sador more unfortunate . At Fort Stanwix more than three thousand In

dians had gathered in their most splendid panoply .

Sir Their hosts , beside William Johnson , were

Governor Franklin Of New Jersey, and Governor

t o Penn Of Pennsylvania , together with , according t Chase, a number more Of great and weal hy gentle

men from those provinces and from Virginia , with a great sum Of gold and silver and numerous bat t ea ux Of blankets and other goods ; their purpose being to Obtain from the Indians the cession Of a 23 THE STORY OF DARTMOUTH large tract Of their lands under cover Of a settle ment Of boundaries in other words to swindle them .

Upon his arrival at this extraordinary camp ,

Reverend Mr . Johnson immediately proceeded to attack the land cession scheme of the governors and plutocrats . He voted himself counsel for the In dians and did his utmost to stir up among them

Oppositi o n to the plan . He even had the face “ Sir wrote William to General Gage , in Opposition to his maj esty ’ s demands and the desire Of the colonies to memorial me , praying that the Indians might not be allowed to give up far to the North o r to the West but to reserve it for the purposes Of ” Religion .

The Groton parson was very likely more scrupu lous in his attitude toward the Indians than were the powerful negotiators for their lands , and he may have been morally correct in opposing the scheme Of cession . But diplomatically he was impo ssible . At once he aroused the hot enmity Of

Sir William , and he managed to make a bad matter worse by revealing the fact that Wheelock was him self after a land grant . That was an irretrievable blunder . When the dire tidings Of its making reached Wheelock by special messenger, he at once R b despatched another friend , everend E enezer 24 THE EVOLUTION

e see not un Cleav land , to if the damage could be done . This gentleman found himself powerless , but

he saw the end Of the council . It came on a Satur

Sir day, and that night William and his family pru dent ly departed and advised all the other pale faces to do likewise . He knew what was about t o

happen .

The good Mr . Cleaveland remained overnight, believing that Sunday would at least be fairly ﬁ w r. tranquil . But he counted without the re a t e Within two hours after the rum had been given ” “ out , he reported , the whole street and parade

was ﬁlled with drunkenness , and nothing could be

or heard seen but yelling and ﬁghting, as though ” hell itself had broke loose . Four had been slain in the orgies before Cleaveland ﬂed the spot at ten

the next morning . The result Of this deliberate

Of debauchery Of the Indians was a new strip land ,

one eight hundred miles long and hundred wide,

for the English . But this ﬁasco helped to hasten the locating and

the founding Of Dartmouth College . Schoolmaster Eleazar now knew that his eye was cast upon the

Mohawk country vainly . Even the region Of the

S not Ob usquehanna , long favored by him , was

t a i b l na e under conditions that suited . Where to

! b e go, then for going had determined upon , as 25 THE STORY OF DARTMOUTH well as to pay more attention to the educating of white pupils . He must have English blood in better proportion for his work . Offers of locations for the Charity School had ! been and still were plentiful . Dozens Of towns and small settlements from the Kennebec to the Father of Waters applied for the hono r of becoming the R seat Of the future Dartmouth College . everend

Charles J . Smith had devised a scheme for its settle ment in Virginia or Carolina . People in the vicinity

Of Albany Off ered a location only t o have it declined o n the ground that the religious character Of Albany is such that it would by no means do to take the school into it whereat the good burghers

Of that town were somewhat disconcerted , and took your reﬂections upon their city a little in

. . f dudgeon . Captain A J Lansing o fered money i b and land at La ns ng urg in New York . Some

0 Philadelphia Presbyterians proposed a gift of terri

not S tory far from Pittsburgh ; tockbridge, in Massa chu set t s for , became a candidate the location ; so

Pit t sﬁ eld did , upon which it was reported to Whee “ lock : the commissioners in Boston oppose the

so school , and will do if it be placed in New Hamp shire , if they think it vies with Cambridge . But the greatest part Of the people want another College as a check upon the extravagant demands made 26 THE EVOLUTION

New there . The suggestion was made by York patrons Of the school that it be made an annexa tion to the College Of New Jersey . This met

w ho no short shrift with Wheelock , had notion Of letting anybody but the Almighty have any division

Of authority with himself.

In all this period of sifting, selecting, and then rej ecting, New Hampshire had ever stood as a sort

Of promised land if others failed . As far back as

1 6 of 7 5, Governor Benning Wentworth that prov ince had promised ﬁve hundred acres of land t o ”

. son encourage the school His , the brilliant, deb o nair - , luxury loving, yet sensible and honorable

Governor John Wentworth , was as well inclined , “ 1 68 : and in March , 7 , wrote Wheelock I shall be ready to grant a township on Connecticut River Of six miles square for an endowment Of the school . This real promise Of substantial help ; the fact

’ that many of Wheelock s Connecticut friends and neighbors had gone north and settled along the river; the belief that the Canadian Indians could be induced to attend a school located in New Hamp

o of shire, and above all the str ng probability being able to Obtain a charter decided Wheelock t o pull up the Indian Charity School by the roots and transplant it to the new lands far up the east bank 27 THE STORY OF DARTMOUTH

Of the Connecticut River . The English trustee s were a greeable t o the change ; Wheelock set about the framing Of a charter which he sent t o Governor

22 1 6 . Wentworth August , 7 9 In it he termed the new institution an academy, but added as a post script this historic suggestion — Sir if proper to u se the word College in stead of Academy in the charter I shall be well ” pleased with it . That postscript was the real founding Of Dart mouth College . The completed charter was delivered into the

Of 1 0 . hands its ﬁrst president in March , 77 It used the name College as he had wished and named the institution for Lord Dartmouth , after Governor

Wentworth had modestly put the honor by . But the English trustees, including Dartmouth himself, were wrathful over the rather subtle evolution Of the Indian Charity School into D artmouth College .

Even the good- natured Thornton wrote : I am afraid there is too much worldly wisdom in this charter, and that it is trusting man instead Of resting ” o n unex the living God . It is probable that the pect edness Of the move shocked the Englishmen h more than any imagined evil in it ; trut to tell , Wheelock had kept his trustees entirely in the dark

as to the charter until it was Obtained . Their charge 28

THE STORY OF DARTMOUTH from New Hampshire towns eager to possess the college that one would have thought the chief end and aim of each of them w a s t o be the seat of an institu t ion of learning . ’ Wheelock made an eight weeks tour of the north

of 1 0 country in the spring 77 , and when the wran gling and backbiting were over, chose Hanover as the home for his college ; the site was the ﬁnest and most advantageous in his eyes , and the town was ” settled with the most serious , steady inhabitants .

They have left many descendants . Thereupon arose an almost i ncredible bedlam of protest from some Of the disappointed places .

Wheelock was j eered at as a visionary, called a

- of of double dealer, and even accused some sort underhand scheme to feather the nest of himself and his family by the settling in Hanover . Even his friend Colonel Jonathan Moulton wrote t o him from Orford

ee or mou er t o e r I have b n in P ts th , and th e h a all mou o ene n ou u me a nd ths p d agai st y , and la ghing at all ! o m e or oo n ou Dr. y n ighb h d, ﬂi ging, Ah I always t ld y Wheeloc k w a s making a purse t o himself ; and now this ” ou r of ﬁxing t h e Coll ege p roves it . Y usefulness at ’ en i n om ee h re n t h e cle r Re eemer m o er. O p s t a d s ki gd s s v ,

' sir ! con er a ﬂ a ir eem t o o er ro t h e m n sid , this s s v th w in i ds of s er a ll ou a e ee u n u so m n e r inn s y h v b n b ildi g p a y y a s , and it is currently ta lked th a t those that have la rgely 3 0 THE EVOLUTION

u cr e not one r ex ce orce s bs ib d will pay fa thing , pt f d, if ’ t he College stands in Hanover ; a nd others sa y it can t ’ ro er fo r it s oc e r c rom r t o p sp , all a j k y t i k f ﬁ st last .

Wheelock stood up to the blast unmoved , like the strong man that he w a s. The site for D artmouth

College he replied , was not determined by any

r on Re private interest o party earth , but the

’ ” deemer s .

The ﬁrst president of Dartmouth was , it is evi dent, ﬁrmly Of the opinion that the Almighty and himself were o n terms that admitted of no disruption by any terrestrial powers .

3 1 CHAPTER III

V OX C LAM A NT IS IN D E S ERTO

ERE are those w ho from time to time and

for reasons peculiar to themselves venture t o question the entire appropriateness of m any of the “ ” mottoes that adorn college seals . Truth and Light and Onward and Upward and the whole tribe of self- congratulatory parts of speech have had their doubters here and there . But o f Dartmouth it may conﬁdently be asserted that the Vox Cla ma nt is in Deserto was absolutely and indisputably ﬁtting when it was engraved upon her

Great Seal . The wilderness where her voice was raised was per

- v a siv e . S , insistent, omnipresent ome ultra urban young gentlemen , it is occasionally whispered , profess to ﬁnd like conditions to this very day when they ﬁrst arrive in Hanover, but they generally develop into the most ardent champions Of the

- - great out Of doors the college can boast .

’ However, there was no quibbling as to nature s

1 0 primitive garb when in early August , 77 , Eleazar

x- Wheelock , with his o teams and his laborers and 3 2

VOX CLAMANTIS IN DESERTO

wo S R t companions , ylvanus ipley and John Crane, pushed his straggling and struggling way up from Connecticut and at last reached the grant which

w a s t o be the home of the Indian Charity Schoo l T and Dartmouth College . o the westward ﬂowed

the Connecticut, that beautiful boulevard for Indian

t o travel from north south , and upon the sparkling

’ waters of which the redskin s canoe was still occa

sionall t o y be seen , but which was as yet uncurbed

by dams and uncrossed by bridges . T o the east were rugged , densely wooded hills , presently to rise

into bare and towering mountains . On the level plateau selected as the location for

the college, giant pines nearing three hundred feet

out in height shut the very sun , save at noon , and calmed the ﬁercest blasts of the upper air into a

cathedral quietude . To the north it was two miles “ to the nearest human habitation through one continued and dreary wood The bear, the wolf,

the lynx , and the panther roamed the forest and doubtless scented the approach of President Whee lock ’ s domestic animals with an insti nct toward

for making trouble them , which they afterwards did . The good doctor had desired a place for his college remote from the allurements of more ” populous towns . He had surely found it . A f ew axemen had preceded the Wheelock party 3 3 THE STORY OF DARTMOUTH and had carved a small resting- place from the pro

’ di ious . S g pines oon after the president s arrival , a log house, eighteen feet square, with windows of mica and Oiled paper, was erected for his use . This w a s the ﬁrst sprout Of the college and around it later were built huts for the student dormitories . That that ﬁrst dwelling w a s highly honored by Wheelock was made evident by the inclusion of it in his will as a bequest t o his son and successor . It long since vanished i nto the limbo of regretted

1 8 of things , torn down in 7 3 to feed the ﬂames some unappreciative student revel .

Mahomet had gone to the mountain, and now

’ Mahomet s students must come to Mahomet .

Wheelock , whose comparison with the prophet is not altogether forced, found his primitive Alca zar in a few weeks ready for the translation of his pupils of the Indian Charity School from Lebanon

of to the wilds Hanover . Madame Wheelock and

t o the family were also come, together with four slaves , Exeter, Brister, Chloe , and Peggy . The independent ways of these bondsmen at that time appear from the report of Wheelock ’ s nephew and chief teamster, Jabez Bingham , who wrote from

Connecticut that Exeter is very high in the instep , and says he won’ t go without Peggy goes and all hi s things . 3 4

THE STORY OF DARTMOUTH

Sa bbath in order t o accomplish t h e Design on whic h h e is se c is t o re e m m nt, whi h p v nt y fa ily 8: t h e memb ers of Dartmouth College s etting out from Lebanon on T uesday

ex ccor t o o me c re o n t a ding app int nt, whi h by as n of some unforeseen p rovidences will be earli er than p rovision c a n b e m e for e rec o — o c ad th ir epti n , the c asion 8r c i rcum

ce Of c t h e Doc or is t o re ere e stan s whi h t able late, and th for his encouragement and countenance in his j ourney is humbly requested of all concerned by thei r humble

serv t .

Wheelock w a s not above compromising with the powers of darkness when it seemed best to him . Doctor Crane rode gallantly and well down the rough valley, and he met the northern bound pro

t t o . cession indeed , but oo late turn it back Madame

of Wheelock, from the rocking depths her great

English coach , a gift from John Thornton , declared

dux emina a cti that having begun the journey, f f ,

she would carry it through . Doctor Crane could do nothing but turn himself about and join the strange procession .

or Strange it surely w a s. A horseman two at the

’ head ; Madame Wheelock s splendid coach , long

of the marvel the countryside, drawn by disgruntled

h x- and panting steeds ; t e o teams , bearing the j ustly celebrated barrel of rum and the other lesser appurtenances of life ; the negro servitors and the cow b u t t wo , and the thirty students , of whom 3 6 VOX CLAMANTIS IN DESERTO

o n n were Indians , tramping along foot ever was there a more remarkable pilgrimage for t he intel lectual than t hese elements presented . Pushing forward a few miles a day ; at the last part of the journey toiling up the fearfully rough Great R Road skirting the Connecticut iver ; staggering, lurching, j ouncing over the scarcely opened way, the cavalcade reached the college clearing only t o

ﬁnd everything in dire confusion .

w ho of Wheelock , saw the hand the Lord in most ff exigencies , was undismayed . He housed his stu with his wife and t h e f emales of my family in the original log hut, and compelled his sons and students to make booths and beds of hemlock boughs the woodcraft of the two Indians doubt less being of much assistance in this work of estab ’ li hin s g Dartmouth s ﬁrst dormitories .

Tutor Woodward , arriving from Boston at this juncture, with a few more students , vividly de scribes the state Of things at the clearing . It was ” of : near the close the day, he says there was scanty room in the Doctor’ s shanty for the shelter of on for those who were the ground , and none us w h o had j ust arrived . All constructed for a tem porary residence a tent of crotched stakes and poles covered with boughs . It was soon ready, and we

our camped down wrapped in blankets , and for a 3 7 THE STORY OF DARTMOUTH

time slept very comfortably . During the night,

of however, a storm arose high wind and pelting i rain . Our tent came down and buried us in t s ruins .

w e one After mutual inquiry, found no injured , and it as the storm raged w hout abated fury, We resolved

t o for abide the issue as we were, and wait the day .

When fair weather returned , we made more sub

st a nt ial booths for our protection till better a ecom ” d i n mo at o s could be provided .

These conditions were soon improved . A house of timber and boards, brought from sawmills some

t h e . w a s miles away, was built for president It

- forty by thirty two feet and one story high , with a

’ little attic for the doctor s ofﬁce, while the servants

were given a better dwelling eighty by t hirty- t w o

s o and two storie high . Wheel ck assumed no airs of greatness . Huts for the students were hastily constructed , and , with his brood arou nd him ,

Eleazar Wheelock set his instituti o n in order for the facing of its ﬁrst winter . Snow came heavily down upon the groves of the academy as a later president w a s fond of saying , before the roof of the new college building ”

o n. . was laid There was no chapel Sometimes , “ M cClu re o ne of . wrote David , the faculty , Dr Wheelock presented to God their morning and evening prayers standing at the head of his numer 3 8 VOX CLAMANTIS IN DESERTO ous family in the op en a ir; and the surrounding forest for the ﬁrst time reverberated the solemn sounds of supplication and praise . Surely a s c ene for the historical painter who will s o me day arise with the love of the ancient D artmouth in his heart

Fo r and the genius for a noble picture in his bru sh . his title he will need but borrow from the Great ” Seal : Vox Clama nt is in Deserto .

3 9 CHAPTER IV

GETTING UND ER WA Y

R 1 0 l A LY in 77 the main building, the co

lege w a s completed . Its unreadiness in t h e autumn before, together with an actual scarcity of

of of food , had been the cause the return a number

f r of the pupils to Connecticut o the winter . Eat

for i ables were costly those days , owing t o the m mense labor of hauling and the difﬁ culty in raising

w a s crops . Beef at twenty shillings a hundred and

- pork at thirty t hree . Wheat cost six shillings a bushel ; rye, three shillings , sixpence , and Indian

corn two shillings , Sixpence ; molasses brought ﬁve

shillings a gallon . As the tuition and board of a student was but ’ twenty pounds a year, Dartmouth s proﬁts were t slim enough , if the students were to get anything o

Of eat . The greater part their provender had to be transported more than a hundred miles through

Co n new and bad roads . Some of it came up the

nec t icu x t in bateau , in which case it was necessary

t o carry the stuff around a dozen falls or rapids . If

41 0 GETTING UNDER WAY

w s of there a a lack luxuries , the savagery of nature was mostly at fault . But the new building w a s something of a triumph w under the circumstances . It a s two stories in height and twice as long as any of the other st ru c

. S tures ixteen rooms , besides kitchen , hall, and storeroom , furnished the students with commons w “ and dormitories . There a s a smaller school

for . S house presumably recitations oon a barn ,

- a wash house, and a bakehouse were added t o the

’ new outﬁt . The president s frame dwelling w a s

’ t o found , through God s favor be fairly com

l of 1 1 fort ab e . By the summer 77 a good deal of land had been cleared , and the college seat took on the airs and appearance of a village . Dartmouth ’ s ﬁrst commencement was a great R event fo r the wilderness . iding up from Ports mouth on horseback came Governor Wentworth with a company of sixty gentlemen from Ports

on mouth , making camp two nights the way . With them came the glorious silver punch- bowl that is

one of of still the cherished possessions the college, though the years of disuse have long since ob lit er ated the faintest odor of the New England rum that was wont to waft good cheer from its capacious interior . Four students took their degrees as

c of : e R ba helors arts L vi Frisbie, Sylvanus ipley , 41 THE STORY OF DARTMOUTH

f Samuel Gray, and John Wheelock , all o whom had emigrated from their Yale classes t o graduate at

(

Dartmouth . The exercises , which took place on

28 August , were as follows

S u or Or o E R e 1 . u o A al tat y ati n in nglish, by ipl y , p n

h e V r ue u cc ee e em. t i t s , s d d by an Anth l o hic Or o in 2 . C os r e . A y p ati n Latin, by F isbi D u o . S o c r n r e e 3 A yll gisti isp tati n, whe ei G ay h ld t h

ue on A n oera co nitio Dei Luce Na tura e a c uiri q sti , g q otert O o e r e W ee oc R e a nd p pp s d by F isbi , h l k , and ipl y ;

V e c or Or o ee o . W c 4 A al di t y ati n in Latin , by h l k , followed by an anthem comp osed and set t o music by ” e eme c e e r e t h e ou for e . y ng g ntl n, andidat s a d g

This appeal t o the Muses must have been a

’ moving performance . Wheelock says that Ripley s oration produced tears from a great number of the learned and this , too, before the punch was ladled from the silver bowl . Frisbie recited an origi

: nal poem , with these concluding lines

u D r mou in her e Th s a t th , happy sylvan s at,

e re ea u re of h er r re re Drinks t h pu pl s s fai t at, Her songs of p ra ise in notes melodious rise

Like clouds of i nc ense t o t h e skies . Her G od p rotects h er with paternal care F rom ills destructive and ea ch fata l snare ;

ma He s ro ec a nd she ore And y till p t t, ad ,

e en a nd ea r a nd me b e no more. Till h av , th , ti shall 42

THE STORY OF DARTMOUTH

of the Portsmouth visitors were of mean and little

souls enough to sneer at the bareness of their

entertainment after they had returned home . ’ Wheelock s answer, resembling somewhat John

’ t o son s famous letter Chesterﬁeld in its simplicity ,

of its dignity, and its touch pathos , must have made

of those snobbish critics ashamed themselves . We ” “ were indeed , he said , in very trying circumstances ;

n but we got along as well as we could , depending o

the candor and clemency Of ou r friends . As to the

- o of table linen , which I hear is c mplained , that

must come, I suspect , wholly upon me, through my

s i poverty . My expenses having been o long na de quate to my means , I had provided no better, though I did not know till then that their want was so great as not to be able to appear decent in home

made , till the Commencement was over . As to

the College, it owns but one !tablecloth! , that was lately given by a generous lady in Connecticut, and

of ow n . her manufacture But we are getting along, ” and things are growing better . We may feel sure that Governor Wentworth had

- i no part in the petty fault ﬁ nd ng . He honored and as sisted Wheelock in every way possible until the approaching storm of the Revolution swept him out of the country . He attended two more Com mencement s of , and he put through the building a 44 GETT ING UNDER WAY

new road from his summer seat at Wolfeboro t o — Hanover a terrible aff air across the shoulder of

Moose Mountain and l o ng since given over t o the

- newer forest, the plough , and the stone heap . If

Yale gave much t o Dartmouth in the pers o n of

’ Wheelock and the ﬁrst graduating class , Harvard s

of gift the brilliant, well educated cavalier who was

’ the college s best friend in the days of its dawning , was hardly less valuable . The ﬁrst college year ended so auspiciously that the president felt justiﬁed in sending forth a pro

’ R spect u s in which he declared that The ev . Dr .

Wheelock , through the surprising smiles of Heaven

n upon his u wearied endeavors , has now so nearly

eff ected his great and arduous undertaking t o settle and accommodate his I ndian school and college in a howling wilderness that he has the fairest prospect in a little time t o be able to support

an hundred Indian and English youths upon charity, and all with a view t o the ﬁrst and grand Obj ect of

the Institution , viz . , the spreading the blessed

gospel of the Redeemer among the savages .

’ ’ Poverty s white horse rode 0 nights in the Han

over forests , however, and must have caused the

resolute Wheelock many waking hours . The Indian Charity School f und in England was becoming ex

h u t ed . S a s , with no hope of renewal The cotch 45 THE STORY OF DARTMOUTH board in Edinburgh was so angry at the develop ment that it expressed apprehensions that Dart mouth College will contribute little to the conversion

’ Of the heathen , and after the Doctor s death fall ” into Episcopal management this a rap at

of Governor Wentworth , the Church England man , and some of the trustees . Only a few driblets of money were forthcoming from that strait- laced and suspicious quarter .

My necessities really call for help , wrote

t o o o 1 . Wheelock John Th rnt n , May , 773 Of course there was the Provincial Assembly to loo k t o fo r

of so - R aid , as in the cases many other ante evo lut ion colleges . But the New Hampshire Asse mbly was not easily aroused to enthusiasm fo r Dart

. o mouth The quarrel over the l cation still rankled ,

’ and even Governor Went w o rt h s repeated recom

menda t ions . 1 1 were coldly received In March , 77 , the Assembly had voted the mu niﬁ c ent sum of sixty pounds for Wheelock in consideration of his f ” great services for the interest o said College .

oo of G d John Phillips , Exeter, did much better than

of £ 1 £ 1 2 . 1 1 that with gifts 75 and 5 I n June, 77 , the Assembly was stormed by a couple Of student S R lobbyists , John Wheelock and ylvanus ipley , but

’ in vain . The trustees prayer that a sala ry be granted President Wheelock from the Provincial 46 GETTING UNDER WAY

treasu ry was expeditiously tabled . Even the presi

’ dent s ow n appeal fo r the right t o set up a lottery t o raise ﬁve thousand pounds for the erection of the “ ” proposed large house was denied , though proba bly not from any squeamishness at the notion of a learned doctor of divinity promoting a gambling affair .

t o do no But willing something if it cost money ,

’ the Assembly ﬁshed for Lord Dartmouth s aid when he was appointed Secretary of State for the C010

’ for nies , imploring your Lordship s patronage the

w e f r u r good people represent, and especially o o

of t o w e hO e established seminary literature, which p ,

o if your L rdship be a nursing father, it will be a dif fusiv e blessing and thereby merit in some measure ” the exalted name Of Dartmouth College . In May ,

1 of 773 , the Assembly did pass a grant ﬁve hundred pounds t o help erect the new college building . Thus the sum of £ 560 was the limit of the Provincial ’ l Assembly s aid to Dartmouth . Sub seq uent y Wh ee

o n lock trained his guns the Continental Congress ,

of and through the powerful favor Patrick Henry ,

of o n Chairman the Committee Indian Affairs , obtained a grant of ﬁve hundred doll ars . A subscription was ordered by the tru stees in the

of 1 of spring 77 5, and it gave every appearance being a great success , as between four and ﬁve 47 THE STORY OF DARTMOUTH

thousand pounds were promised . But not a dolla r was ever collected ; the onset of the war gave the subscribers other things to think of in connection with their money than the necessities of a struggling college and Indian school far in the north wilderness . SO the College Hall remained for many years the remodeled and enlarged ﬁrst Wheelock house (after

lo t o the g hut) , which thirty feet and a belfry had

. w a s of been added This structure innocent paint ,

ut f inside and o , and the platform o the great

- room used as chapel , meeting house and public

- wa s of . hall , built axe hewn planks The building

stood near the Old well , from which the college pump supplied long generations of students with water

even up t o modern times . The ﬁrst College Hall w a s in the southeast corner of what is now the campus and close t o the site of the present Reed

Hall . 1 w By Commencement, 774, the college a s well

w It s under ay . general appearance was accurately

described by Doctor Jeremy Belknap , that famous

w ho theological tilter, rode up from Dover on

horseback to witness the exercises . In his diary he wrote : After dinner walked down t o the Connecticut

R t o b iver opposite the College, where is a ferry . O

rv on w a s se ed a tree, where the bark cut off , the 48 GETTING UNDER WAY

w a s ne ﬁgure of an I ndian painted , which done by o of the Indian scholars . At evening prayers , by the

’ President s desire, I preached a sermon in the ’ College hall . Supped and lodged at the President s . In the evening the front of the College was illumi d na t e . The plain where the College stands is large and pleasant , and the land good . The College is about

or n seventy eighty feet long and thirty broad , co taining twenty chambers . The hall is a distinct

- building , which also serves for a meeting house,

’ and the kitchen is in o ne end of it . The President s

o n of house stands a rising ground east the College, and to the north of this is the place proposed t o Of build the new college, near a quarry gray stone f which is intended for the material o the building .

There is another quarry , much larger, about three quarters of a mile distant . The tutors are Messrs . R S Woodward , ipley, Wheelock , and mith ; the two

’ o f rmer are married t o the President s daughters . Several tradesmen and taverners are settled round — the College in good buildings , which gives the place the appearance of a village . It is really surprising to observe the improvements that have been made in f ew years .

’ With progress came early, in Dartmouth s case — the inevitable revolt that every college faces at 49 THE STORY OF DARTMOUTH

s o me time in its career : the up ro ar over poor pro

for o o visions the appetite and stomach in C mm ns .

The tro uble w a s started by some young gentlemen

students from Portsmouth , to whom Eleazar Whee lock ’ s backwoods fare did not appeal after their luxurious home tables . They wrote hot letters of protest to their parents and even sent by special messenger some samples of a particularly repulsive

of of bread as evidence the justice their protests .

The president, returning from a trip to the down country in a towering rage, expelled the ringleader in the uprising and indeﬁnitely suspended several others . But, though he could play the imperator

not at Hanover, he could suppress the scandal , which had gotten far beyond his precincts . Even the genial and always friendly Governor Wentworth

w a s . of 6 1 stirred to action Under date July , 774, he wrote to Wheelock — Y D EA A ND REV E E D E D m t h e r M R R N FRI N , A idst va i et y of important and naturally p erplex ing affai rs wh ic h deeply engage my mind at this very disq uieted j uncture of mer c on o n e e rer m e r A i an agitati s , n thi g li s n a y h a t

ere o or of D r mou o e than the int st and h n a t th C ll ge, with

is e e o e whic h yours is i nseparably connected . It th r f r with t h e utmost gri ef t hat I p erform t he strict duty of friendship t o both in telling y ou that it is reported and rapidly gains b eli ef that your p rovision for t h e students is e r m e r e r m e er c lent i xt e ely bad, th i nte tain ent n ith lean, p 50

THE STORY OF DARTMOUTH

had been ill- used with respect to the purchase of

some wheat, so that they had smutty bread for a

. on while The scholars , the other hand , say they scarce ever had anything but pork and greens , without vinegar, and pork and potatoes , that fresh meat comes but very seldom , and that the victuals ” are very badly dressed . T o this the paying students (the charity pupils having been shown the wisdom of signing a paper declaring that the bad food stories were false and abusive added that their Commons breakfast w a s mostly the leaves of Wintergreen made into

a tea , and even that often sweetened with molasses ;

for ff many times only broth breakfast , then co ee o r chocolate, usually sweetened with molasses , and ” beef unﬁt to eat . The tru stees ﬁnally felt compelled to take cog niz n a ce of the outcry . They investigated and re

t h e solved that complaints were groundless , only that for a few days some beef was served by the cook Which (though accidentally tainted in a small degree) was j udged by them t o be such as the stu ” dents will generally approve .

’ Wheelock s cooks , it may be said , were the bane of fi his life, what with their af liation with New England rum and their unclassical lack of the proper

n distinction between meum and tuum. On o e oc 52 GETTING UNDER WAY casion a couple were ordered to the whipping- post together for their thievery . But the cooks were not altogether responsible for the protests against the college provender that came

r r! to the su face periodically for years , under the

of of or gimes all sorts stewards , agents , purveyors , whatever their titles may have been . Chase records

of one R S o ne that in the reign oger argent, at

one of time, the butter being persistently strong, the students (afterwards a distinguished lawyer of

New Hampshire) was deputed , while all the others ff stood at their places , to apostrophize the O ensive ff stu and bid it down from their sight . It is said ” that the rebuke was eff ectual .

’ Another of Wheelock s troubles were the tavern keepers in the settlement and across the Co nnect i

’ cut River . I n Spite of the president s protest and

’ nt w ort h s even Governor We inﬂuence, they received

’ licenses from the court to sell liquor . Payne s inn , near the college, which seems to have been the most

of disreputable all , Obtained its permit by reason of of ne f the pique o Sympson , the high sherif , who thought he had been slighted at the ﬁrst

not Commencement . Payne did hesitate to sup ply the students with rum , and , though a stern edict against visiting taverns had been issued in

c t . the second year, the pla e was much frequen ed 53 THE STORY OF DARTMOUTH

Even Wheelock ’ s sons were occasional sinners in this regard .

Da rtmouth of 1 8 r mi i The July , 43 , printed a e n s

of R h cence everend Noah Miles , a student in t e

’ o n : s ﬁrst Wheelock s time, this subj ect It seem il ’ M r. M es s that chum , having indulged in a spree

’ at Payne s tavern , came home very drunk and sick .

’ He was sent for to the President s study, but being too sick to go, Miles went in his stead , rapped , and entered . The President was busy at his writing

n . table, with his great white wig o his head The

: ! conversation was something like this Ah , Miles it is y ou . But where is your chum ! I sent for him ;

’ w h ! Sir y does he not come , he is not able to ’ ! ’ i . r come But he can walk , can he not S , he

’ cannot stand upon his feet . Indeed , then he is badly done up . This is a miserable affair . That tavern is a nuisance . But can you tell me, Miles , whether my sons Eleazar and James were there ! ’

’ ‘

Sir . ! , I understand that they were Ah I sus

f ! o pect ed it . Bad boys o mine I have some h pes of James yet; but as to Eleazar he will be damned ,

’ I believe . Wheelock thundered against the muisa nce even i n the pulpit . Payne responded by tearing down

’ the president s fence under some pretext o r other

and with authority as highway surveyor . Then 54 GETTING UNDER WAY

ne of G od o Joseph Skinner, not knowing the fear before his eyes and being moved by the instigation of the Devil tacked up on the door of the College Hall a writing calling the president a liar and a hypocrite who was bound fo r hell . For this plea sa n try he ha d to pay twenty shillings and costs . So me sophomores and freshmen petitioned that they might use some of their spare time in stepping the ” minuet and learning the sword . Such were a few of the crosses of the founder . Yet he had some f . 1 o consolation I n February , 77 5, he wrote a great religious revival

T o e e c e a nd o re r um . he o dis L v , p a , j y ign t i phant nly ’ cou rse now in fashion when students visit at one another s

o n o h e o ro ms is of t h e thi gs f t Kingdom f Heaven . And it would b e a rep roac h t o anyone if h e should introduce

n ro n r n o r u ro e n o con anythi g f thy , vai , t ifli g, np fitabl i t versation It h a s seemed t o b e wholly confined t o t h e o e e u n f ew h a s re t o C ll g , ntil withi a days it sp ad all

t h e ou e t h e e or oo ex ce one . h s s in n ighb h d, pting , viz , a tavern a nd my little captive b oys discover

ome n u commo is t he m er a re o e that s thi g n n att , and ft n in tears .

D But artmouth grew in Spite of, perhaps because

f 1 2 o ff . , its trials and di iculties I n March , 77 , it

c housed ﬁfty students , in luding six I ndians ; in

o 1 of N vember , 774 , there were a hundred , whom

- of twenty o ne were I ndians . The reputation the 55 THE STORY OF DARTMOUTH

1 R college spread abroad . In 775 everend Joseph Huntington wrote that i n Connecticut it “ was ” generally esteemed the best on the continent . Very likely Wheelock ’ s statement that he thought it proper to let the world know that there is no

‘ v a in idl encouragement given that such as are , e,

- triﬂing, ﬂesh pleasing will be admitted h ere had something to do with enhancing admiration

r c fo the college among the Connecti ut godly .

of R o By the beginning the ev lution , the Indian problem became seri ous . Some good redskins had

o f come to Hanover, among them sons the St .

Francis chiefs to the north . I n fact , Canada had now c c become the re ruiting ground for Wheelo k, who maintained as late as in 1 773 that the Indians are the ﬁrst Obj ect in the charter . Ten came from the Ca gh ena na ga s in 1 77 2 . A few Hurons were obtained . But it was evident from the moment of the trouble on Lexington Green that the supply of aborigines for Dartmouth was to cease . The Cana dian Indians were restless ever and not SO amenable t o restraint as their brothers of the New England and New York provinces had been . The white students disliked and mistrusted them and com plained of their perpetual hollowing and making

5 , fo r all manner of noise . They had a penchant

big beer as they called it, even the youngsters . 56 GETTING UNDER WAY

R Had there been no evolution , it was still inevi table that the Indians would have been lost to

Dartmouth , retreating into the forests before the white man ’ s overwhelming civilization and refusing S t o come out . The Indian Charity chool could

never again have been pulled up to follow them .

’ c t o Wheelo k s intentions remained honest the last,

c of but circumstan es were stronger than his will ,

iron though it was . Dartmouth ’ s career during the Revolutionary

War was peaceful enough , compared with the troubles of other American colleges . Her isolation was an advantage, though rendering her Open to

no Indian attacks , which , however, came nearer than Royalto n in Vermont . Undoubtedly her peculiar relations to the red tribes counted much in her favor . As to the war itself, no military opera

o tions reached anywhere near the college, th ugh Lord D artmouth was anxious enough t o entreat

‘ that the safety of the College might be recom mended to both General Sir William Howe and his brother the Admiral thus revealing an imp ression

’ o n the noble earl s part that the Connecticut could

- be ascended by a ﬂeet of war Ships .

not a for But if visible , warfare was udible, it has always been asserted that the booming of the guns of Bunker Hill w a s heard in Hanover . The presi 57 THE STORY OF DARTMOUTH

’ — dent s diary contains this : June 1 6 The noise

o t o w of cannon supp sed be at Boston , a s heard — 1 e of all day . 7th The same r ports cannon . We wait with impatience to hear the occasion and the ”

. S event The noise was ﬁrst noted by Daniel imons ,

t o an Indian sophomore , who happened be lying

with his ear t o the ground . Hard to believe as the

story is , the diary, the noises , and the dates would

seem t o establish its accuracy . It is proudly held by local historians that there never w a s a Tory in Hanover after Concord and i . o ne u st ﬁ Lexington Certainly, if any there had j

- cation for leaning toward the royalists , it was the

president of Dartmouth College . His funds had

mostly come from England and were now t o be shut

Off . His location and many favors of all kinds were from the powerful hand a nd the kindly heart of the

royal governor, John Wentworth . His outlook ,

of w a s with these sources assistance gone, gloomy n enough . But when O ce the irrepressible conﬂict

t o was seen be preparing, he did not waive his alle

i ‘ a nc e t o . 1 g liberty As early as November, 774, he dared write t o Wentworth of the cause of liberty

which is so j ustly dear t o them (Bostonians) and

1 t o : in April , 775, Thornton , the Englishman

w a I believe there never s a more dutiful , loyal , and well- aff ected people to Government than h as 58

THE STORY OF DARTMOUTH

o n most depended , and I think it a ﬂagrant evidence

of ff son of want duty, a ection and tenderness in my

f o n of toward an aged and a ﬂicted father, the verge the grave and Oppressed with a weight of cares ” n enough for an angel . The elder Eleazar was o doting parent .

of At the time that writing in his diary, the

of president was , indeed , nearing the Angel the

End , and he knew it . For some years he had been tormented by asthma and a persistent Skin ailment . In the ﬁrst month of 1 779 epileptic seizures began to rack his frame . Pathetically he wrote to Na thaniel Whitaker : I now feel more than ever ! the

of want a pension , which I think the world owes me, with which I might buy a cask of wine and other suitable Spirits which my physicians all advise to be

ff c fo r . necessary me, also co ee, cho olate, tea , etc , which I am obliged to live wholly without for want of money to purchase the same . But outwardly Wheelock fought death as he had fought nature, and Obstacles , and men ; slanders , politics , and hostile intrigues . He could no more have laid down life and its all- possessing interests without a struggle, pious fatalist though he was , than he could tamely submit to the charge of being a Tory because he chanced to celebrate Thanks giving at Dartmouth on the wrong date through a _ 60 GETTING UNDER WAY

perfectly pardonable error . He taught and preached l ti l he had to be carried to the hall in a chair, and

n t oo the , weak for that, received the students in

ow n . his house He died almost standing, for o n the last day it is told of him that he walked the ” room without assistance and talked with composure . “ ” O my family, be faithful unto death was his

of ﬁnal , and , in the light the after years , strangely

. of signiﬁcant utterance On the day his passing,

2 1 w a s April 4, 779, he a few days less than Sixty

eight years of age . Thus went t o his fathers a man around the esti mate Of whose qualities there has long been and

perhaps will always be a conﬂict of Opinion . It is clear that those who liked him could never be

w ho shaken in their loyalty , and that those disliked

him did - So with a cordiality usually reserved for

the devil in that era , which proves his individuality

and strength of character . We know his tenacity of purpose and his unfailing courage . That he was quarrelsome and vain and given t o assuming t oo much of a monopoly in the knowledge of the plans

of Providence may be more than suspected . But his littlenesses were very little and his greatness very great indeed . Eleazar was a supreme dictator in the college he

had made, but to be just that was a necessity under 6 1 THE STORY OF DARTMOUTH

the circumstances . He was patriarchal in his ways , and there must have been a gentler side t o his nature

of that history rather loses sight , for many of his

students have written of him with genuine aff ec hi tion . On the simple slab that covers s tomb in

the lovely cemetery at Hanover, where trees and

grasses and mossy glens form a perfect picture of

of peace , is inscribed this epitaph to a man action :

By the Gosp el he subdued the ferocity of t h e savage ; e h e o ene new And t o the c iviliz d p d paths of s cience .

T ra e er v ll , G o ou ca n e er e , if y , and d s v ” The sublime reward of such merit .

f That challenge, which in e fect bids the traveler fare forth and create another Dartmouth College , if he is able, might have come from the very lips of him of the lion heart who lies under it .

62 CHAPTER V

TH E REIGN OF TH E C ROWN P RI NC E

of HEN John , the Crown Prince the dynasty

f of o Wheelock , received word his accession

of w a s to the rule Dartmouth College , he in New

e . Jers y with General Gates B ezaleel Woodward ,

’ Eleazar s son- in- law and the ranking member of the faculty, acted as president in the brief interval before the soldier should return . Woodward was a

of man great ability, an astute politician and a skilful contender . He might have made a better president than did Prince John , had his selection

’ of been possible , yet the very failings the founder s son produced a condition that did more for Dart mouth and every other college in the country than any successful administration could possibly have accomplished . But the charter had given Eleazar Whe elock the

t o r power name his successo , and in his will he

: do declared I therefore hereby nominate , consti

so n C K tute , and appoint my said , JOHN WH EELO , t o be my successor in said office of President of my

n i n S e I d a Charity chool , and Dartmouth Colleg , 63 THE STORY OF DARTMOUTH

with and into which said School is now incorporated .

And to him I give and grant all my right, title, and claim to said seminary, and all the appurtenances , interest, j urisdiction, power, and authority to , in , and over the same belonging to me, as the founder of it, or by grant in the charter to me, or by any ” other ways o r means whatsoever .

The colonel , who reached Hanover for the August

sh Commencement, was a bit inclined to y at the difficult task . The college was like a Ship without a rudder, now that the elder Wheelock had gone and — with him the o ne man paternalism that was the very essence of the institution . The ﬁnances were in sorry shape ; it was estimated by Colonel Elisha

Payne, the treasurer, that if all the corporate property were sold at public vendue, the proceeds ’ R would not pay the college s debts . eceipts from students were less than eighty pounds a year . The buildings were constantly growing more shabby and

- some were dry ro tting .

To add to the general gloom , the war had depleted the supply of students until there were now only S ” about thirty altogether, although the chool , w a s . the preparatory department, well attended

crO Even food was scarce , owing to p failures and the falling purchasing power of Continental money . Sylvanus Ripley believed that the College would 64 THE REIGN OF THE CROWN PRINCE

of have been broken for want provisions , if it had not been for the res olute exertions of Professor ” Woodward . The trustees , however, seem to have felt no particular alarm , for they permitted the college to pay three hundred pounds (currency at twenty to one) for their delectation at Commence

n fo r me t , bills Spirituous comforts having no small share in the expenditures . Another thing that had torn and harassed the college, made powerful enemies for it, and hurt its usefulness was the bitter political ﬁght that had been raging fo r some years between New Hampshire and New York fo r the possessio n Of Vermont and R the strip east of the Connecticut iver . Hanover

- had become the storm center of the battle, and the

College Party most active in the affair .

T he Dartmouth part of the town now set up a separate organization , calling itself Dresden . A printing- press was hurried up from Connecti cut at

’ the elder Wheelock s request, and a paper called the

ercur o n M y established the college plain , from which vitriolic editorials and pamphlets issued regu la rly t o assail the really scandalous policy of New Hampshire in refusing any of the college offi cers a seat in the Assembly and otherwise insulting and browbeating the grant land to wns along the river . When the famous Westminster Convention of 65 THE STORY OF DARTMOUTH

1 1 January 5, 777, declared the territory known as ” the New Hampshire Grants a free and inde pendent State under the name of New Co nnect i ” ” cut , the College Party was strenuous in its

Support and had the b ea t iﬁ c vision Of a new com mo nw ea lt h , with Dresden as its capital and Dart mouth College its ruling power . In ﬁery opposition

r at once had a isen the Bennington party , under the lead Of the Allens , Ethan and Ira , who termed the

of Pet ulent College Party as made up a , Pette fo in S of g g , cribbling sort Gentry, that will keep any government in hot water till they are thor ” r ou ghly b o ug ht under by the exertions of authority .

Again, the Exeter Party representing New

’ w a s Hampshire s interests in the territory , equally offended and bitter . When the New Connecticut scheme was killed

S of by the Allens , and the tate Vermont proclaimed , Dresden and the other “ grant towns ” to the number of sixteen seceded fro m New Hampshire and j o ined the new commonwealth . The ﬁrst

Wheelock , smarting over his treatment by New

Hampshire , had then asked the Vermont Assembly t o take D artmouth under your friendly and Charitable patronage which the Assembly pro c eeded t o do . But the union lasted less than six months , and the College Party returned t o its 6 6

THE STORY OF DARTMOUTH

a s customary amusing and snobbish speciﬁcations , for instance :

Of their conduct a nd beha vior towa rd: the President

That t h e conduct a nd b eh aviour of t he Students towards t h e Honourable President b e in every resp ect with th a t ﬁli a l duty and esteem a s t h e imp ortance a nd dignity of n e n his sta tion requi res (viz . ) u cov ri g thei r h eads at and within t h e dista nce of four rods from him; also when

e h s oor r en t h e e er o re e th ey ent r i d ya d, wh w ath d nt nd r it i nconveni ent a nd when their hands a re not necessarily T e e er e of him o o er e em o e . r th wis pl y d hat th y n v sp ak ,

t o him b ut in m nner a or of e erence a nd re c . , a a s v y d f spe t T hat th ey sta nd wh en in his p resence till they have p ermis

T e e sion t o sit . hat th ey wait for his lib erty t o sp ak wh n

e o e T t e th y w uld addr ss him o n a ny occasion . hat h y deliver th eir s entiments with modesty and p rop ri ety on c or e er and delib erately. That th ey never c tradi t nt into di sp utes with him; b ut p ropos e their doubts griev a nces or a rguments by way of decent interrogation . That they wait wh en they retu rn a n errand t o him f o r his lib e ert y t o withdraw . That th ey c a rry thei r hats wh en th y

on him use no n ecen e ure his r e ce . wait , and i d t g st s in p es n

Towa rd the Tutor:

That they treat t h e T utors a nd P rofessors with a defer ence and resp ect b ecoming th ei r Office a nd relation t o em e e th (viz . ) That th ey uncover th i r h ads at and

n t h e nce of ree ro rom em e t h e withi dista th ds f th , wh n

e er o ren er nco e e e r a re w ath d nt d it i nv ni nt, and th i hands not o er e e e th wis e necessarily employed . That th y nt r not into controversy or disp ute with them b ut purpose 68 THE REIGN OF THE CROWN PRINCE

of ece erro on what th ey have t o say by way d nt int gati . That they rise when a Tutor enters the room where they a re and stand till h e is seated with them or they have t e r e e o e otherwise lib erty t o si . That th y is wh n sp k n by

n ru t em en e them and never i t e p th wh sp aking . That they be not talkative clamourous o r noisy nor use inde

e r e r c ent gestures b efore them. That th y always ca ry th i ’ e one of heir o T e hats when th y visit t ro ms . hat th y p unctually perform th ei r o rders (unl ess contradicted by t h e President) and always retu rn thei r errand a s soon a s

e ec e not r ou er . ff t d, and withd aw with t lib ty

Towa rd; one a nother

That they b ehave with resp ect a nd kindness towa rds one another avoiding everything that is against the unity of the spi rit or manifesting a want of fri endship or con

e em o r u n or e t ra ry t o the G ntl an r Ch istian . J i Class s shall p rop erly ac knowledge the sup erio rity of th ei r Seniors

e t e r by giving th m h ight hand in walking or sitting 8cc . F reshmen when in t h e College o r in t h e Hall a nd wh en they sp eak t o s eniors shall have thei r h eads uncovered a nd wh en in thei r company shall wait t o b e bidden b efore

e co r em u e e r b e uc re o t o t h e con th y ve th , nl ss th i s h as ns

t ra r a s e e e me me y hav b en mentioned . F r sh n shall at ti s hereafter appointed for dev ersion do t he necessary errands for all t h e s enior Classes w ho have th ems elves s erved a freshmanship (p rovided th ey a re not s ent more than half

m e e e a il ) and shall faithfully perform and return t h sam .

Some la w: to prevent disorder a nd immorality

That no student of this College be permitted t o play c r D ce or a n o t e at a ds , i y th er unlawful game either in h 69 THE STORY OF DARTMOUTH

o e e or a n o er c e e er on e of ﬁ ne C ll g y th pla what v , p nalty a not ex c eedi ng twenty shillings f or eac h off ense at discre tion of a President o r a T utor a nd if p ersisted in they

T n u en o r e sh a ll b e ex p ell ed . hat o st d ts b a d at a tav rn or sit at a ta vern u nl ess wh en o n a j ourney or with ex p ress l eave Obta i ned fo r it fro m t h e President or T utors o r by

es re of re or u r n on e of ﬁ ne of t w o d i a Pa nt G a dia , p nalty a

Lawf ul ~ mone And a n o ne e n con c e shillings y . y b i g vi t d of a b rea c h of thi s law four times within t h e space of six

ee a e u Nor a n w ks sh ll b p bli cly admonish ed . shall y ’ student of said Co ll ege b e at a tavern after nine o cloc k in t h e evening o n p enalty of a ﬁ ne of th ree shillings law ful mone T no u b e e rom his u y . hat st dent abs nt f st dy ’ after nine o cloc k at night without lib erty or suc h occ a sion a s President o r T utors shall thi nk suffi c ient on p enalty of one n a u mo e shilli g l wf l n y . That no s c hol a r s end f or or p rocure a ny spi rituous liq uors without a p ermit from t h e P resident o r a T utor f or whic h h e shall apply in p erson unl ess esp ecially de t a ined at whi c h time h e may s end for one by a F reshma n by whom h e Sh a ll assign t h e reason for not comming himself ; a nd t h e pu rpose for whic h h e desi res suc h per mit ; a nd suc h p ermit Shall sp ec ify the time a nd plac e t o whi ch lib erty is g ranted t o have it p rocured .

Regula tions f or the security of the College b uilding f rom da ma ge

Th at all t h e students keep t h e rooms they resp ectively

e u r T room a re inhabit s c e from damage . hat if s that u noc cu pied su stai n speci a l damage t he cost of repai ring a b e a e u e sh ll b rought into cont engent c h rg s . If a st d nt is known t o have b ro ken a window o r t o have done a ny other pa rticula r damage in t h e Coll ege o r Ha ll or a ny 7 0 THE REIGN OF THE CROWN PRINCE

er u c u h e mme e et re< oth p bli b ilding, shall i diat ly g it

o pai red o r b e at double t h e cost f repa ration . If any student shall play ball or use any oth er dev ersion that ex pos es t h e Coll ege or Hall windows within 3 rods of either he shall be ﬁned t w o Shillings for t he ﬁ rst off ense 48 for the 2d and so on at the disc retion of t he President

o or Tut rs . It is earnestly recemmended and inj oy ned upon t h e students that they o bserve neatness and clean liness in thei r rooms and in th ei r d ress a nd avoid every

r c c e in u on o r ou t h e o e e ma b e dis p a ti , p ab t C ll g that y

ree le o e s e ag ab and ff n iv .

But it was easier to deal with a refractory student body than with the terrors of poverty . No sooner w a s his the Crown Prince fairly seated upon throne, than the inevitable ﬁnancial troubles began to beset

him . It was evident that Dartmouth must have

- or . money, dwindle, perhaps to the vanishing point The equipment was obsolete and rapidly deteriora

. in o ting The college was debt to everyb dy, including the fa culty and the president himself for salaries

due . Notes were unpaid ; provision dealers became persistent duns and the credit Of the college was

f n suf ering in more ways than o e.

Action was imperative . The trustees decided to

old send the president , with our and experienced

friend , Nathaniel Whitaker, and Joseph Hunting

t o n , to foreign parts o n a new begging expedition .

Whitaker refused , and the matter ended in the 7 1 THE STORY OF DARTMOUTH

departure of the president and his bro ther James

1 8 2 r in October, 7 , armed with credentials f om i Washington and other commanders , the Pres dent

of the State and a large number Of Assembly mem S bers , the French Minister, and the United tates

c Secretary of State . They went ﬁrst to Fran e ;

of Obtained the good graces Benj amin Franklin ,

r proceeded to the Nethe lands , and even ventured

of into England , in Spite the war and the prevailing

w o f D hatred of Ameri c ans . They sa the Earl art

mouth , who expressed himself as satisﬁed with the

of no work President Wheelock , the ﬁrst , but gave encouragement in the matter of collecting new

funds . But the two must have gathered some mo ney

r outside Great B itain . They set sail for home at

Gravesend in early October of 1 783 , in the brig

Pea ce A nd Plenty . Sardo nic name ! After a fright

c fully stormy passage across the Atlanti , which had

c to be interrupted by a all at Halifax for repairs ,

of the ship was wrecked at the tip Cape Cod , and

c r President Wheelo k , together with twoscore othe s , barely escaped with their lives and their clothes

D b x nothing else . The artmouth strong o which the president said represented ﬁve thousand

pounds , was never seen again .

The trip was not wholly fruitless , however, for it 72 THE REIGN OF THE CROWN PRINCE resulted in the subsequent acquisition from friends “ ” of abroad a philosophical apparatus , consisting of - an air pump , an orrery , a standing telescope with

o set of achr matic lenses , an elegant the mechanical powers a thermometer and a barometer .

About this time came also from John Flude, a

o London broker, the curious and beautiful g ld

j ewel still worn suspended from the neck o f

’ Dartmouth s president o n great occasions . A little later a collection of curiosities brought to England by Captain Cook became the nucleus o f the M u seum and Cabinet to which some kindly disposed ff Englishman added a stu ed zebra , long a worthy

’ - rival of Yale s two headed snake .

‘ These things were entertaining , but not product ive . The college needed room for its young human

of exhibits and needed it badly . The erection a

new great hall was decided upon . The inevitable methods of the day to obtain funds were two : sub

n scription and lottery . The ﬁrst was begun e erget ic ll 1 8 a y in March , 7 4, and in a year about three

thousand pounds had been subscribed . But so poverty- stricken was the college that it had to bor row - ten pounds from the ever patient John Phillips , of Exeter , in order to make a start at the new build ing . The lottery was authorized by the New Hamp 73 THE STORY OF DARTMOUTH shire Legislature in session at Portsmouth o n Octo

0 1 8 . ber 3 , 7 4 This permitted the raising of

. . of L M in silver and gold , clear expense, provided ” the same be ﬁnished within three years . Th e

w a s lottery a dismal failure, due not so much to any absence of the gambling Spirit in New Hamp shire, as to the lack of cash to indulge it . In Septem

1 8 m ber, 7 5, the anagers made a pathetic attempt to

for sell the tickets produce and grain , and about a year later asked to be relieved from their em ” barrassment by the Legislature, and were duly relieved .

o of S 1 8 An ther lottery , that eptember, 7 7 , had

o somewhat better success , and a drawing f the second class was held , the place being the college chapel and the instrument the desk therein . Chase says that this proceeding was much to the scandal ” of some worthy people . A few Of the good folk of New Hampshire must have begun to have a primor dial glimmering of the fitness of things . But with all t he financial blows that fate at first

of gave John Wheelock , the work setting up the new main building went bravely ahead on the site bequeathed to the college by the ﬁrst president .

1 8 so By Commencement, 7 7, it was well along that the exercises were held in it, and it is related as an

n oﬂi cial i cident of that event that the . platform 74

THE REIGN OF THE CROWN PRINCE broke down under the strain of greatness placed

of upon it, and that some the solemn dignitaries had to look for themselves in o ne place and fo r ”

. 1 1 their wigs in another In 79 , after heroic struggles to pay for the work , the building was

ﬁnished . Upon it were expended in all something like of which the lottery produced £366 .

The college was in debt over it for years , yet it was worth all the anxiety and trouble it caused , for it did more to stimulate the growth and reputation of the institution than any other thing of its time .

of The hall was built wood , but was large and

o n his imposing ; Timothy Dwight , travels , reported

of it as decent appearance , which meant more than our use of the word would indicate . It was graceful in its lines , perfect in its proportions , a beautiful piece of unconscious Colonial simplicity

1 0 and good taste . When it burned in 9 4, after passing safely through all the perils of open ﬁ re

t o places , stoves , candles , kerosene, and gas only

— of fall a victim to the ultra modernity electric wiring, the sons of the institution could hardly be blamed for feeling at ﬁrst that with the passing of old Dart

Of mouth Hall had gone also the heart the college . No chapel was at the outset provided for in Dart

of t h e mouth Hall , and the existing place worship in ancient College Hall was at this time in a shocking 7 5 THE STORY OF DARTMOUTH

so k 1 0 state , shoc ing that upon one dark night in 79 , the long- suffering students made a characteristic “ nocturnal visitation ” and tore the ramshackle structure wooden limb from wooden limb . Nobody w a s disciplined for this feat, and it was even hinted that the president and faculty were secretly de w lighted a t the raid . A new chapel a s built near the

- Site of the Thornton Hall of to day . Possibly the students may have felt that their wrecking of Col

for lege Hall had been inj udicious , the new chapel was without a chimney and never profaned by a stove and a temperature of twenty degrees the wrong side of zero is by no means uncommon at

Hanover in winter . The college was distinctly growing under the reign of the Crown Prince . It soon rivalled any in the country as to its number of students . In

86 1 00 1 1 1 60. 7 it sheltered , in 790 its total was It

1 1 - graduated in 79 , with the A . B . degree, forty nine

- men , to twenty seven each at Yale, Harvard , and

. 80 1 0 Princeton I n the decade 1 7 to 79 , Dartmouth

6 2 graduated 3 3 men, Harvard 394, Yale 95, and

2 Princeton 40 . Dartmouth was not then the

’ small college of Webster s time . Apparently growth in numbers w a s not a ecom pa nied by growth in godliness or decorum in the

. K students Elder Ariel endrick , who was a Charity 7 6 THE REIGN OF THE CROWN PRINCE

1 8 1 8 School pupil from 7 5 to 7 9, gives them a rather bad character . The students at that early day

of he writes , were many them very unruly, law

of . less , and without the fear God On a certain night they met according to agreement and pros t ra t ed old the unsightly hall (the Commons Hall) , of which I have spoken , and they all soon presented to their brethren their names written in a circle . I w believe they paid all the building a s worth . The number of the students at this College at this time ( 1 847) is much larger than it was at that early day, and if they are proportionally head strong and ungovernable , I should think the Faculty

of S of need the wisdom olomon , the nerves Achilles ,

ob s t o the patience Of J , and the meeknes of Moses manage them . The stage at that time ex hib it ed scenes wounding to Christian piety, and to which modesty was indignant . In a quarrel o n the

o ne stage would stab the other , and he would fall as dead , wallowing in blood from a concealed bladder, which was wittingly punctured by the point of the sword . A student would take the stage , assuming

o to be a preacher, and with a pi us tone would bar b ecue S t o cripture , with a view shower contempt

of upon unlearned ministers . One these young preachers , in executing his purpose , said that Neb

’ uch a dnezza r s fundament was het seven times 77 THE STORY OF DARTMOUTH

3 hotter than ever it w a s before . Another o n decla mation day took the stage, dressed in a black gown , a band, and a large gray wig , with a book under his

‘ arm , and preached a sermon from the following

’

: or . words Give me children , else I die

of There can be no wonder, in the light that testi mony , that the faculty made a stringent regulation

h of or that all dramatic exhibitions , eit er a comic

o r a tragic nature, and spirituous liquors represent atives thereof, be wholly excluded from the stage, and that no profane o r obscene expression or rep resent a t ion o r , female habit, be introduced in any exhibition on the stage o n penalty of a ﬁne not ex

’ c din or . w a s ee g ﬁve shillings , admonition Nor piety in much better practice among the students .

of 1 of Ros We are told that in the class 799, which

ff of well Shurtle , afterward a famous professor

w a s o n divinity, a member, only e man publicly professed Christianity . The natural reaction came

’ in 1 80 1 with the establishing of the Students Re li i g ous Society .

The consistent and unending battle with poverty , however, kept most other considerations in the

now . n background j ust Joh Wheelock , whatever

e . his faults as lat r revealed , was no weakling The res a ngust a e domi aroused but did not terrify n him . Even the loss of ten thousand dollars spe t 78 THE REIGN OF THE CROWN PRINCE

’ in unsuccessful defense of the college s title to the

La ndaﬂ grant did not appall him . He sold twenty thousand acres of the First College Grant now

Clarksville, at a shilling an acre, putting a thousand pounds into the treasury ; a little later ten thousand

2 acres more went for £ 1 50 .

In addition , the president bombarded the Legis lat ure incessantly with petitions for aid . He asked for an annu i ty of t w o hundred pounds to continue during the embarrassed condition of the College and again for a loan of six hundred dollars to help

’ pay some of the inst itution s more pressing debts .

As usual , the General Court responded by giving permission for a new lottery that should raise

‘ ﬁfteen thousand dollars over expenses . This brought in about four thousand dollars , some eight hundred

n a tickets having been sold in Bosto lone, because Harvard was not at that time competing in the

of business academic gambling . There was also

of some income from rents in the town Wheelock ,

s for Vermont, a part of which had been et aside the

of beneﬁt the Charity School in 1 78 5. With these aids and the Wheelock tenacity of purpose as its directing force, the college struggled on and actually grew in grace, reputation , and

1 8 t o 1 80 numbers , although from 7 7 3 the whole

o instructing body consisted f the president, two 79 THE STORY OF DARTMOUTH

professors and one tutor . Apparently the students of that period were not averse t o ' heckling their

grave and reverend teachers . Doctor Shurtleff relates of Professor Smith

He was constitutionally nervous and timid . i He could not well take a j oke, and st ll less could he

o ne. retort When a little disconcerted , he at once lost his balance, and could only receive with meek

ness what should come next . Having a recitation

’ of of 1 802 o n the class in Watts Logic , the doctrine

of o ne of identity notwithstanding renewals of parts ,

his c - the class , Fisk , held up j a k knife and asked

If I lose this blade and get a new one , is it the same ! ’ knife Yes. If I next lose the handle and get

’ ! k n e a new one, is it still the same As a if it is

’ ‘ still the same . Well , then , my chum ﬁnds the

ld o o blade and handle and puts them t gether ,

! c r what knife is that which Silen ed the p ofessor .

1 of o In 797, the year the f unding of the Medical

o . School , Daniel Webster entered c llege He came

’ immediately fro m his father s tavern and the

h a ﬁ eld historic y , where the only way his scythe would hang correctly was upon the limb of a

- ' ﬁt Shady apple tree . But he had had a partial A at the Phillips Exeter cademy , and he never had any intellectual struggle to maintain his place in

w h rea ched his class . He a s a raw specimen when e 8 0

THE STORY OF DARTMOUTH

July oration to the citizens of Hanover . This was

a more ﬁnished product, but still marked by ex

t rav a n a sc ga ces. He termed Napoleon the g ona

of ding pilgrim Egypt and declared that France, not yet satisﬁed with the contortions Of expiring ” republics , spouted her fury across the Atlantic !

It was a long distance fromthat sort Of thing t o the reply to Hayne ; but Webster was yet a b o y of

eighteen . The beginnings of the orator were stirring

within him . The college life of Black D a n was not pa rt icu

la rl y eventful . He seems to have behaved rather better than the times demanded ; ﬂirted a litt le with the college widows drank moderately

hon enough , so far as there is any record ; studied

est ly and easily ; talked in public and in his literary

society, the United Fraternity, on all possible occa sions and wrote poems and Skits for the Da rtmouth

Ga zette - ﬁv e , receiving in all about seventy dollars , enough to pay a whole year ’ s board in that glad day

of of moderate prices . He afterwards wrote himself at this period :

w a s Of my college life I can say but little . I

1 80 1 . graduated , in course, in August, Owing to

ffi ha ec non meminisse uva t some di culties , j , I took no part in the Commencement exercises . I spoke an oration t o the Society of the United Fraternity , which 8 2 THE REIGN OF THE CROWN PRINCE

f i I suspect w a s a su ﬁciently boy sh performance . My

college life was not an idle one . Besides the regular

of attendance prescribed duties and studies , I read

o something f English history and English literature .

w s Perhaps my reading a t oo miscellaneous . I even paid my board for a y ear by superintending a little

f r weekly newspaper, and making selections o it

of from books literature, and from the contempo

rary publications . I suppose I sometimes wrote a

foolish paragraph myself . While in College I delivered two or three occa

io nal s . s addre ses , which were published I trust they

are forgotten ; they were in very bad taste . I had not then learned that all true power in writing is in

not t h . the idea , in e style, an error into which the

rs rhetorica a , as it is usually taught, may easily lead

stronger heads than mine .

w a s no At another time Webster t so humble . S Professor anborn , dining with him at Franklin o ne : day, Observed It is commonly reported that y ou did not study much in College . We are told ‘ that the Godlike replied angrily : What fools they must be to suppose that anybody could succeed in college or public life without study ! I studied and

of read more than all the rest my class , if they had all been made into one man And I was as much

above them then as I am now . Whether that was 83 THE STORY OF DARTMOUTH

the simple and natural egoism of great genius or t h e

of of promptings another sort inspiration , Webster

later wrote that my scholarship was ov erest i

mated . Many other students read more than I did and knew more than I did and he told George “ Ticknor : My Greek and Mathemati c s were not e great whil I was in College , but I was better read in history a nd English generally than any of my

class , and I was good in composition . My Latin ”

t oo . was pretty strong , Judge Loveland in 1 8 57 gave the most pungent estimate of Webster as a collegian that can be

found anywhere . I roomed with Webster said

o ne . he, about year He was very ambitious in

college from the ﬁrst, and took every opportunity

to make himself conspicuous . He had unbounded

- conﬁdenc e t o b e self , seemed feel that a good deal

o l nged to him , and evidently intended to be a great

man in public life . He was rather bombastic and

always ready for a speech . One day he was reading

’ ’ Off Addison s Cato , putting it in great style, when he pronounced ‘ Utica as if the ﬁrst letter was

short ; I corrected him , and he said I was right . He

did a great deal in his college society, and received

- almost unbounded ﬂattery from his fellow members .

They thought he was great . It was common for

w a others to say they overestimated him . He s 8 4

THE STORY OF DARTMOUTH

were about, he would manage to fall in with them ; met more than most students , and was distin

uish ed g in the community around the College, for the extent and readiness of his political knowledge .

not He was a good , though a very accurate scholar .

t o He would occasionally come over here Norwich ,

S t o . Da n aturdays , hunt with me seldom hit any ” t hing .

of The hoary , but still extant bit ﬁction that

Webster, after receiving his diploma , went out behind Dartmouth Hall and to re the document t o pieces because he had not been given the valedictory “ : oration , Shouting as he performed the deed My

industry may make me a great man , but this miser ” a n u m able parchment cannot , should be given

honored burial and not resurrected . It has no basis in fact, in the testimony of classmates , in the char

of or fo r acter the man , in his love the college, which

he frequ ently revisited soon after leaving it, and

to which he sent his brother and his son . He was

not disappointed and grieved , but he did act like

an ingrate or a fool .

The facts were that Thomas A . Merrill the most correct recitation scholar in the class w a s

Com awarded the salutatory , at that time the chief mencemen t prize . The class was asked to elect the

so o n of valedictorian , but it failed to do account a 8 6 THE REIGN OF THE CROWN PRINCE bitter quarrel between the members of the United

Fraternity and the Social Friends . It is said that the students desired and expected the faculty t o

t o choose Webster, but that body gave that part Caleb Tenney and offered Webster his choice b e

or tween an English poem an English oration , neither “ of which the off ended Daniel would take . The faculty wrote Merrill afterward , thought it would be almost barbarous to set the best English h ‘ l ” scholar in t e c a ss to j abber in Latin . Thus went out from his cherishing mother the greatest ﬁgure she has s ent into the world . If there

of ff was a cloud dissatisfaction over his exit, a airs were even then so shaping themselves that it w as soon t o be lifted and reveal the man himself in the

of t h e sunlight his fame and his powers , ﬁghting winning battle that saved for his college her very life itself . CHAPTER VI

TH E GREAT CA S E

OHN WHEELOCK ’ S energy and executive abil

I - t y of a certain sort, reﬂected by the self evident growth of the college through his long reign , was sufficient for many years to still the sporadic mut i t er ngs against the family dynasty, within and without . For almost a generation there was nothing that the hostiles could do , except mutter and try t o block the attempts of the college to obtain a crumb or two from the legislative table . Wheelock

of was a man determination , and in his Hanoverian c w astle were for some time his o n family retainers .

D one octor Benj amin Pomeroy, of the charter mem

w a s bers Of the board of trustees , an uncle by mar i r a e. g B ezaleel Woodward , another trustee, was

- in- a n his brother law . Sylvanus Ripley was still

w ho other ﬁlled both functions .

The remaining trustees , who lived at a distance ,

not of were often at meetings the board , for a trip to Hanover over the still fearsome roads w a s u n attractive. The dy nasty trustees , themselves ruled 8 8

THE STORY OF DARTMOUTH b u nal of the world as its greatest case up t o that time and argued by the greatest forensic lawy er of his day . From the small white church that now stands In such demure simplicity at the north

of western end the campus , came the discordant

’ b ox elements , as from an ecclesiastical Pandora s ,

for that raged years and nearly killed the college .

of The house worship , whose walls rang with the Commencement eloquence of every class from

6 t o 1 0 1 1 79 9 7, was built in 795 at a cost of about

ﬁve thousand dollars . It was the property of The

Church of Christ at Dartmouth College not of the college itself, although the trustees promised that they would , in better ﬁnancial weather, make up a part of the cost and would meantime pay for the college use of it . The proprietors before long

for . began to look the rental It was slow in coming . Finally the trustees voted that each member of the College shall pay one dollar on the second Wednesday in March for preaching and the use of ” seats in the meeting house for the ensuing year . This tax President Wheelock passed o n to the undergraduates , and their indignation knew no bounds . It was bad enough , they protested , to be

’ compelled to listen t o Professor Smith s preaching without being made to pay for the ordeal . So much of a storm arose that the trustees soo n revoked the 90

THE STORY OF DARTMOUTH

more Congregationalist than Presbyterian, and it

of 2 8 1 . 1 1 refused At the meeting August 7, , it drew up a statement concluding with these words “ The trustees have long labored to restore the harmony which formerly prevailed in this Inst it u

: tion , without success and it is with reluctance they express their apprehension , that if the present state of things is suff ered to remain any great length of ” time, the College will be essentially inj ured . That may be set down as the ﬁrst Official notice t o John Wheelock that he would have a ﬁght o n his hands if he did not mend his cantankerous ways .

one The trustees had reached the point where, as of them said , they were no longer willing that even the son of his father Should be the omnis homo of ” the College . They began t o pass laws curbing his powers . He retorted that they were guilty of usurpa tion and perversion of funds . The ﬁrst shot of the great contest was ﬁred from

of ambuscade , and took the form a paragraph in

Boston Re ertor of 26 1 8 1 the p y , April , 5, stating that as a result of difficulties of a serious and unpleasant nature the president of Dartmouth College migh be expected to resign shortly , and that the trustees and alumni were looking about for his successor . As this was what John Wheelock had no remotest

of f o n im intention doing , the e fect him may be 92 THE GREAT CASE

Dartmouth Ga ette agined . He had the z say that the item w a s a gross and infamous misrepresent a tion and followed up this retort by the publica tion of an a nonymous pamphlet entitled Sketches

’ of the History of Dartmouth College and Moor s S ” Charity chool , accompanied by another called R A Candid and Analytical eview of the former .

R v The president wrote the ﬁrst , and his friend , e erend of B ﬁ eld Elij ah Parish , y , Massachusetts , the

B t w er f second . o h e vitriolic in their denunciations o

of the trustees , whom they accused subordinating the

of t o interests the college their religious prej udices , the inference being that Wheelock was liberal and

- the board a set of hard shelled ecclesiastical Tories .

The newspapers promptly j umped into the fray ,

oncord P a triot Portsmouth Ga ette the C , the z and the

indsor Vt . Wa shin tonia n W ( ) g supporting Wheelock ,

Concord Ga ette P ortsmouth Ora cle and the z , the and t t t the Da r mou h Ga zet e lining up for the trustees .

Soon the quarrel became political , with the Feder alist s on in general the side of the trustees , and the

Democrats espousing the cause of the president .

w a s In a few months the ﬁght an issue at the polls , and the members o f the Legislature were elected

- as Wheelock it es or anti Wh eeloc k it es .

1 8 1 In June , 5, the beleaguered president applied

for t h e to the Legislature help , now alleging that 93 THE STORY OF DARTMOUTH trustees were scheming to s t rengthen the inter

of or c inﬂ est a party se t, which by extending its u ence under the fairest professions , will eventually ff a ect the political independence of the people , and ” move the Springs Of their government . This arrant nonsense and characteristic bombast

o must have been regarded seriously by the s lons ,

’ for a committee w a s appointed to hear Wheel o ck s plea . He asked for legislation to enlarge the board of so his o ou t num trustees , that enemies w uld be

col bered , promising to leave half his estate to the lege if that were d o ne . The Legislature replied by appointing a committee to go t o Hanover and in i v est g a t e . The session was ﬁxed for August 1 6 .

for . Wheelock immediately sent Mr Webster, whom he had retained after a fashion some months befo re to represent him in case of trouble . But the message

t oo reached Portsmouth late, and Webster, as it appeared from a letter to one Dunham , who had attacked him viciously for alleged breach Of good faith , would not have come in any event . ” o If I had received it earlier , he wr te, I could no t have attended , because the court engaged me at home ; and I ought to add here , that if I had no other engagements at the time, and had also been

ow n seasonably notiﬁed , I should have exercised my discretion about undertaking t o act a part before 94

THE STORY OF DARTMOUTH

author Of the seditious Sketches . The president replied with an ungrammati c al and pompous blast

of t o deﬁance, refusing meet with the board and

- denying its j urisdiction . Its counter thrust was

startling : Wheelock was deposed . At six in the

26 morning Of Augu st , the trustees met and voted

’ the Crown Prince s academic execution , with reso lutions charging him with libel o n the college ; with usurpation of the whole executive authority ; with

’ fraud in the application of the funds of Moo r s School by passing off a white man as an Indian ;

and with lying as to the cause of the contest . Thus they concluded

They consider this c ri sis a s a s evere trial t o t h e inst it u o b ut e e e e in o r er t o e er a n o e ti n , th y b li v that d nt t i a h p

our a nd b e u e u e mu b e a u that it will ﬂ ish s f l , th y st f ithf l

t o e r rus e mu s not ro e of a n offic er th i t t , that th y t app v

w ho or t o e ro it s re u o a nd em rra s it s lab s d st y p tati n, ba s

rn T e et hO e a un er t h e eternal conce s . h y will y p th t d smiles of Divine P rovidence this institution will continue

t o our s b e re e n t o ener on t o co me . ﬂ i h , and a g at bl ssi g g ati s

T ere ore Re o e t h e o n me of Dr. o n h f , s lv d that app i t nt J h Wheeloc k t o t h e p residency of this coll ege by t h e l a st will

f E ee o t h e ou n er r res o t h e Rev . e r W c l aza h l k , f d and ﬁ st P i

en of o e e b e a nd t h e me is ere t h e d t this C ll g , sa h by, by

ru s ee of a o e e sa ro e a nd is ur er t t s s id C ll g , di pp v d , it f th

o ee c f a so Resolved that t h e s a id Dr. J hn Wh lo k or t h e re n

ore a b e a nd h e is ere s a ce remo e af s id, h by di pl d and v d

of o e from t h e office of President said C lleg . 96 THE GREAT CASE

On the same morning the board chose Reverend

1 80 o f Francis Brown , 5, Yarmouth , Maine , presi

’ in dent Wheelock s place . The latter immediately wrote the Maine clergyman that in his view the W action of the trustees a s illegal and void ; but Mr . Brown was inaugurated as president on the twenty seventh of September . Now ensued a civil war within the conﬁnes at

of Hanover, the like which no college town in w America has ever seen . The Democrats on the next election and , with Governor Plumer and the

“ of Legislature partisans Wheelock , it was easy to obtain the enactment of a bill c hanging the name of the college to Dartmouth University, increasing

of - o ne the number tru stees to twenty , and estab lishin o of - ﬁv e g a b ard overseers Of twenty , including , ex o icio ﬁ , the Governor and Council , the President of S S of the enate and peaker the House, and the

- Governor and Lieutenant Governor of Vermont . These boards made Wheelock president of the university . The trustees of the college declined to take place s

in the new board . But Judge Woodward , the

t o secretary and treasurer, went over the enemy, carrying with him the Great Seal and the records and

the college property , which he refused to surrender . This seeming misfortune turned out to be the real 97 THE STORY OF DARTMOUTH foundation for the suit at law whi c h proved the salvation of the college .

f of To add t o the dif iculties the trustees , the Legislature passed a bill of penalties providing that any person assuming to perform the duties of presi

or of dent , trustee , any Ofﬁcer the college, except in

of conformity to the acts the Legislature, should

ff t o forfeit for each o ense ﬁve hundred dollars , be

wh o recovered by any person should sue therefor , one half to go to the complainant and one half t o the university . President Brown , with all his

of gentleness and culture, had plenty steel under

t o . his velvet exterior , and he declined be frightened

of no w as n As a matter fact, action ever taken u der this penal law .

of In the midst the turmoil , John Wheelock fell

of on a victim to a dropsy the chest and died ,

- 1 8 1 . April 4, 7 , at the age of sixty three He had

r lived many years too long fo the good of his fame .

of The qualities fearlessness , energy, and undoubted devotion to the college which did such excellent

of service in the ﬁrst half his administration , became obstinacy, autocracy and almost incredible vanity in

w s h the last half. Nor a he s rewd enough to mitigate his domineering by any claims to partnership with the Almighty , as his father had done . Possibly the era was too late for the success of that sort of thing . 98

THE STORY OF DARTMOUTH

e He a d ra er ro h e w a s r erec . h com th b ad, and v y t a light

ex o u n ro a r c u e e n a nd pl i n ; ab nda t b wn h i , l bb d b hi d ,

e e f e o r e p a rt d in t h middl e o t h f eh ad . His no se w a s r e a nd u e his e e r a nd his e ro a nd la g aq ilin ; y s b ight, yeb ws

e n mmon e on a mouth rath r u co ly l g ted . He wo re a dun colored coat a s often a s a bl a c k one ;

a nd m c o e e oc n a nd en always s all l th s and whit st ki gs ; , wh

h e er re u re ra ou e- rea e ea t e r co a . w ath q i d, a d b d bl b st d g t t

' Th e r er e his u t ce ee a nd so ba b visit d st dy wi a w k , at p rayers o n Wednesday a nd Saturday eveni ngs h e a p pea red all shaven and shorn with a sp rinkling of powder

on t h e c rown of his h ead .

1 80 a t h 1s co n rib u George Ticknor , 7, g ve as his t tion

o w s e He re con Doctor Wheel c k a stiff and stat ly . ad

st a nt l sa t u e a nd ot u e r . He e er y , p lat g p a ly talk d v y

r e o e o o ce . M r . We er g av ly and sl w, with a fals tt v i bst

r e He w a s one of t h e mo c ould imitate him p e f ctly . st

saw rea ea of i ro formal men I ever knew . I a g t d l h m f m ’ 1 80 2 t o 1 8 1 6 in his ow n ou e a nd m a er b ut ne er h s y f th s , v

e t h e m e e ree of m a r him nor do I f lt s all st d g fa ili ity with ,

u e ere ener b elieve tha t any of t h e st dents did . Th y w g

a er r u nu e t o t h e a of t h e o r . lly v y awkwa d, s d w ys w ld Ma ny of them wh en th ey went t o t h e President on th ei r littl e affa i rs did not know wh en t h e time h a d come for

He w s r co e ou of th em t o get up a nd l eave him. a ve y v t s his me a nd en t h e u s ne w a s se e a nd h e ti , wh b i ss ttl d , had

e a e e h e ou sa W ou sit on er wait d littl whil w ld y , ill y l g , ” o r ou o now ! It w a s reco n e o rmu a nd will y g a g iz d f la , no oun ma n a I e er ne of e er sa t on er er y g th t v k w , v l g aft

h earing it. 100 THE GREAT CASE

Perhaps it is as well to take leave of the second

president with the thought that he was courteous ,

at any rate . Lord says he had pleasant personal qualities and had some devoted friends and sup ”

of . porters . In the life Doctor A Alexander we ﬁnd that It was pleasantly said that he suffered no

t o . man have the last bow This , it was reported , was

put to the test by a person of some assurance w ho undertook to compete with him in a contest of polite

his ness . He accordingly took leave , bowed him

of b ow self Out the mansion , and continued to as

long as he was upon the premises , but the President

followed him to the gate , and remained in possession ” of the ﬁeld .

When Wheelock passed out of the ﬁght for the

of academic control Hanover, and William Allen , of Pit t sﬁ eld , Massachusetts , came into it as presi dent of D artmouth University there was still some

Of t o f or thing the dynasty tinge the succession ,

’ - i - Allen was Wheelo c k s son n law . But he was an amiable gentleman and went through his difficult l f rOe with as little o fense as possible . The two institutions by the name of Dartmouth on Hanover plain proceeded for a while under an understood tru ce . The university had the build

of of ings , which they seized with the aid a couple

village huskies but the college had the students , 101 THE STORY OF DARTMOUTH who of 1 0 stood loyally by to the number 3 , while their rivals were so few that they were ashamed to get out a catalogue . President Brown hired a hall over Stewart’ s hat store for use as a chapel and for senior recitations , while the lower classes met in

’ various student s rooms . But we all followed o ne ” “ bell , wrote Nathan Crosby in his First Half

CC Century of D artmouth College and for two long years a hu ndred or more students were crossing the

of plain , at every ringing the bell , to their chapel and various recitation rooms , while a dozen univer sit y students were crossing ou r paths in other direc

t o tions , giving ample opportunity crack a joke and chaff each other .

Henry K . Oliver says much the same thing

w a s of There , by a sort tacit consent , a general harmony between the several students . The same tintinnabulum summoned both parties to prayers , recitations , and meals , and they crossed the same campus ; yet not without a muchness of good

ff ho i natured cha and banter, we the polloi and

’ they the few yet brave . The ﬁr st Commencements under the dual system

on 2 1 8 1 . were held the same day, August 7 , 7 Each party claimed the church for its exercises . The pewholders disagreed . General Poole, Colonel

of Brewster, and Colonel Perkins , the university 1 02

THE STORY OF DARTMOUTH

’ intended the removal of a part of the Socials library

to that hiding- place and the packing of the rest in

trunks ready for qui c k transfer . The United

m d . m Fraternity men also re ov e so e of their books .

t of Cautious as hese manoeuvres were, news them in some way ﬁltered through t o the university a d

. on ministration President Allen , the eleventh of

November, ordered Henry Hutchinson , the inspector o f of buildings , to take and hold the library room

the two societies . This functionary collected a p osse comita tus made up of Professors Dean and

of Carter , ﬁve students the university, and eight ” townies . The procession moved in force against the quar

of S ters the ocials , trying to break in the door by a

- . o ne ff human battering ram This failing , Co in , a

w a s villager , ordered to cut an entrance with his

axe . The din was terriﬁc , arousing the students

of living near by , and bringing the members the

United Fraternity, who were holding a meeting in

. S the hall below, to the rescue in a wild rush eeing

o n the invaders armed , the Fraters laid hold

s o me cordwood sticks piled in the corridor .

K . Henry Oliver, afterward famous as the com poser of Federa l Street and other popular hymn

melliﬂuou s tunes , who was gifted with a voice like a

fo - r g horn , dashed down the stai ways and into the 104 THE GREAT CASE

of open in front the hall , where he bellowed with all

: out S his might Turn , ocial Friends , your library is broken Open . The campus was in an uproar in — an instant, across the paths came running the

of frenzied college men , to the accompaniment a

of wild alarum from the cupola bell , which some the society defenders were ringing as if half the

on . of 1 8 20 world were ﬁre Nesmith , Of the class , thus described the scene :

’ r O er r o ce We hea d liv s inging v i distinctly at our room.

m er n er r ro e o r w ho w a s e r Cha b lai (aft wa ds p f ss ) , th n lib a r of r er roome rec o er me w a s ian the F at nity and d di tly v ,

oon m room ee n t h e e of t h e o s in y , s ki g a light, at h ad b dy

is oc e w ho mme e commence or of of h s i ty , i diat ly d the lab removing the remaining b oo ks of th ei r lib ra ry t o t h e hall

w s oo h e c en of c on e e . a t t h of Dr. Ald n I s n at s e a ti at er end of t h e u n ere w e oun o fi oth b ildi g, wh f d C f n still

u t h e oor u c o o r er . c tting away d , and H t hins n giving d s

ro e or De n r er re o re e P f ss s a and Ca t we als p s nt, with Bissell and Coo k and th ree shoemakers and oth ers um

T e r en e eec e r w a known t o fame. h ﬁ st s sibl sp h I h a d s from one of t h e shoemakers w ho addressed his associates o e w e ur ed oor e r t m a re c c r e . saying , it app a s in a s p s ap I had rather b e in a nest of hornets than among thes e ” college boys when they get ma d and roused up.

The university men had cut a hole in the Socials ’

one one door large enough to admit them by , and

n w h they were o inside, holding the breach wit their 105 THE STORY OF DARTMOUTH

no S axe, and declaring that ocial could remove a single b ook and live to tell the tale . But no blood was spilt, for the university crowd , ﬁnding itself overwhelmingly outnumbered , surrendered grace fully and submitted to imprisonment in an adj acent room until the society adherents had removed all

of their books . President Allen had nine the college ”

R . for t . boys arrested riot, among hem Choate They retaliated by swearing out warrants against Professors Dean and Carter and some others of the

. one w a s university raiders No indicted , and the excitement died out almost as suddenly as it had arisen . All this time the great Case had been steadily

t o in the making , and with a trend adverse the college . Helped incalculably by the gift of one

. of thousand dollars from John B Wheeler, Orford ,

o New Hampshire, with ut whose money the ﬁght 1 would not have been made, the trustees brought suit of trover against Treasurer Woodward t o recover

the seal , the charter , the records , and the accounts ,

1 In No em er 1 8 1 resi ent Bro n a eal e t o ar ar for v b , 7 , P d w pp d H v d a i a a m h ﬁnanci l a d in c use com on t o all t e chart ered colleges. President r an re e t a t h e was in ul s m a t t artmout b ut Ki kl d pli d h f l y p hy wi h D h , t a t ar a r h a d no un s for t h e ur ose of e n the e a a t t e h H v d f d p p h lpi g l g l b l , a dding al so th a t his fri ends a nd a dvi sers feared th a t the college would b e ea t en in th e Un t e t a t es u reme ourt c ou ma e th e b i d S S p C , whi h w ld k a on of ar a r a n e o er o e i D si t u t i H v d d th th c ll ges precar ous. artmouth

n - fought out the ca use of the rest si gl e handed . 106

THE GREAT CASE

t o which he h a d carried over the university, all to

the alleged value of ﬁfty thousand dollars . The ﬁrst argument of the case was made at

Haverhill in the spring Of 1 8 1 7 . Those intellectual

S a giants , Jeremiah Mason and Jeremiah mith , p

ea red S p for the college, while George ullivan and

Ichabod Bartlett, both keen and able pleaders , were

w s for the university . The case a continued to the

September sitting at Exeter , and there Webster

c joined the others , making the losing plea for the

o n college . The counsel this side argued that the acts of the Legislature of New Hampshire were not obligating : t 1 . Because they are no within the general scope

of legislative power .

2 . Because they violate certain p rovisio ns of the

of S Constitution this tate , restraining the legislative

power .

3 . Because they violate the Constitution of the

United States . To these claims Sullivan and Bartlett replied that

o the c llege , being a public corporation , was intended for the beneﬁt of the public and of those composing

of ff it, and that while the contention the plainti s ’ S might apply to Moor s Charity chool , it did not

t o apply Dartmouth College , and that the grant did not come within the meaning Of the obligation 107 THE STORY OF DARTMOUTH

clause of the Constitution of the United States .

of The court, in spite the statement that it was left

’ in tears by Webster s eloquence , decided in favor of the university . Webster had expected this . It “ o w uld be queer he had said , if Governor l ’ P umer s court did not sustain his ow n law .

The Case next moved o n to Washington . By

of agreement both sides , the New Hampshire court rendered a special verdict carrying it directly to the

S o n upreme Court, the sole point that the Legis la t ure had violated the Constitution by impairing ” the obligations of contracts . . The matter came up

1 0 1 8 1 . for argument on March , 5 Mason and S mith did not appear , but Webster was aided by

Joseph Hopkinson , of Philadelphia , now best known

a s of Ha il Columbia to fame the author , but a great j urist in his day .

The university was clearly outclassed , with John

o of H lmes , a Maine lawyer political proclivities ,

of and William Wirt, the amiable builder ﬂorid

o - r - w rd pictu es , who was then attorney general of the

S . United tates , pitted against Black Dan Yet

’

n . the latter s task was herculea , and he knew it Chief Justice Marshall and o ne associate were b e liev ed favorable t o the college ; two others were known to be hostile . The other three were unde c ided in their views ; two of them must be won , and 108

THE STORY OF DARTMOUTH

u o him. e r e u ce r a p n At l ngth , add essing Chi f J sti Ma sh ll, h e said ,

This sir is m case. is t h e c e not mere , , y It as , ly of

um e u o is t h e c e of e er co e th at h bl instit ti n, it as v y ll ge in I is h e c e o is more . t t f e er elee our land . It as v y mosy

n u o rou ou our c ou r of o ary instit ti n th gh t nt y , all th se great c harities founded by t he piety of our ancestors t o

e e um m er c er e o e all viat h an is y , and s att bl ssings al ng t h

is mor i e . in o of um e . s me en e pathway h an lif It It , s s s , t h e case of every ma n w ho h a s p rop erty of whic h h e ma y b e r e for t h e ue o is m : S our st ipp d, q sti n si ply this hall State legislatures b e allowed t o take that whic h is not e r ow n t o ur rom it s or na u se t o th i , t n it f igi l , and apply it uc e or ur o e a s e e r cre o s h nds p p s s th y, in th i dis ti n , shall see ! Sir ou ma e ro e u o ﬁt , y y d st y this littl instit ti n ; it is weak ; it is in you r hands ! I know it is one of t he l esser

e e r or o of ou coun r You ma lights in t h lit ra y h iz n r t y . y

ut out b ut ou do ou mu c rr rou ou r p it ; if y , y st a y th gh y

or ! You mu ex n u one er o er o e w k st ti g ish , aft an th , all th s

re of c enc e c fo r more n c e ur g at lights s i whi h , tha a nt y ,

e ro e r r c e o er t he ! is sir a s hav th wn th i adian v land It , , I e m co e e a nd et there a re those tha t hav said, a s all ll g , y love it

H ere the feelings whic h he had thus f a r succ eeded in

ee o is u ere his ﬁ rm ro e or . H k ping d wn , b k f th lips q iv d ; ch eeks trembled with emotion ; his eyes were ﬁlled with

e r his o ce c o e h e eeme ru t o t h e t a s ; v i h k d , and s d st ggling u mo m t o a t he m er o er m e c t st, si ply g in ast y v hi s lf whi h might save him fro m an unmanly b urst of feeling . I will not attempt t o give y ou t h e f ew b ro ken words of tender ness in whic h h e went on t o sp eak pf his attac hment t o t h e o e e Th e o e eeme t o b e m e t h e C ll g . wh l s d ingl d with reco ec o of er mo er ro er t he ll ti ns fath , th , b th , and all

1 10 THE GREAT CASE

o rou c he m his o e privati ns th gh whi h had ade way int lif .

E er one sa w w a s o u reme e v y that it wh lly np ditat d , a p ressure o n his heart whic h sought relief in words and

tea rs . Th e court- room during these t wo or th ree minutes pre

se e ex r or r ec c e . e u ce r nt d an t a dina y sp ta l Chi f J sti Ma shall ,

his un ure en o er a s t o c c t h e with tall , ga t ﬁg b t v if at h

e er ee urro of h is c ee ex e slight st whisp , the d p f ws h k pand d

mo o e e u u e e r r u M . ce with e ti n, and y s s ff s d with t a s ; J sti W o his e his m a nd em c e ashingt n at sid , with s all a iat d r me cou e c e mor e m r e e er f a , and nt nan e lik a bl than I v saw on a n o er um e e n n or r y th h an b ing, l a i g f wa d with an e er rou e oo t h e r m n er of t he cour ag , t bl d l k ; and e ai d t at t h e t wo ex rem e re n a s er o r n e t iti s , p ssi g, it w e, t wa d a si gl

o e t h e u ence e o er r em e e p int, whil a di b l w w e w apping th s lv s round in c los er folds b eneath t h e b enc h t o catc h eac h ’

oo e er mo emen of t h e e er ce . l k, and v y v t sp ak s fa There w a s not one among t h e strong- minded men of that em w ho cou n u nm n t o e e h e ass bly ld thi k it a ly we p , wh n saw standing b efore him the ma n wh o had made suc h an

r u me e n o h e e a g ment lt d i t t e t nd rness of a c hild . m o ure M r. We er n reco ere his co bst , havi g v d p s and

x e his ee e e u on t h e e u c e ﬁ d k n y p Chi f J sti , said, in that deep tone with whic h h e sometimes th rilled t h e heart of

u e c e an a di n ,

Sir o not how o er ma ee c , I kn w th s y f l (glan ing at t he o o e of t h e o e e ore him om of om pp n nts C ll ge b f , s e wh

ere it s r u e b ut for m e e see m m w g ad at s) , , ys lf, wh n I y al a m er u rou e e ae r t h e e e ou e at s r nd d, lik C sa in s nat h s , by o e w ho a re re er u o ou not th s it ating stab p n stab , I w ld , f or r e h er ur t o me sa Et tu this ight hand , hav t n and y , ’ uo ue mi li. A nd thou too m son! g q , ﬁ , y He sat down ; there wa s a deathlike stillness through

1 11 THE STORY OF DARTMOUTH out the room for some moments ; every one seemed t o b e slowly recovering hims elf and coming gradually bac k t o e of ou his ordinary rang th ght and feeling .

After this tremendous emotional appeal , backed

of by the keenest legal knowledge the subj ect, the

of o arguments H lmes for the university fell ﬂat . He stumbled into bad errors of j udgment and showed h ignorance of f e case . Webster was human enough

to gloat . I had a malicious joy , he wrote to “ si Judge Smith , in seeing Judge Bell t by to hear

o him , while everybody was grinning at the f lly he

uttered . Bell could not stand it . He seized his hat ” and went off . Wirt ruined whatever effect he might have pro duc ed by the idioti c admission that he had not had time to study the case and h ad hardly thought of i it till it was called on . Hopkinson s said to have

made a calm and able closing for the college .

But it w a s the master mind and organ tones of Webster th at ruled the court alone and won the decision for Dartmouth College and so many other

American colleges .

This case, stubbornly fought to its victorious end

by the poor and small institution at Hanover, fought when compromise would have been easy

nd our s a pleasant, has been more often cited in court 1 12

THE STORY OF DARTMOUTH

the university refused to do anything more for him . It is not diﬂic ult t o guess what would have hap pened t o Dartmouth had Daniel Webster failed her at Washington . When the decision that killed the university and

of left it u nwept, save by a lot New Hampshire politicians , was made public at Washington , Judge Hopkinson wrote to Pres ident Brown : The court goes all lengths with us , and whatever trouble the gentlemen may give us in future , they cannot shake those principles which must and will restore

Dartmouth College to its true and original owners . I would have an inscription over the door of your

Founded b Elea ar Wheelock Re building , y z ,

’ f ounded by Da niel Webster .

of At the portals Webster Hall , the digniﬁed and handsome memorial built by the alumni at the

of northeast corner the campus , the words sug

gested by Hopkinson are written in enduring bronze . Webster Ha ll

THE STORY OF DARTMOUTH

Legislature, and a little later a Literary Fund w a s voted , to be raised by a stamp tax o n bank c for irculation , the future endowment of a univer i s t y .

S of ome the college people in the Legislature, thinking that they might divert this ﬁnancial aid to Dartmouth by agreeing to the creation Of a State b o ard of overseers somewhat on the footing of ” consult ed ' Web st er on Cambridge , the matter .

He was thoroughly against it . “ ” “ o I wish , he wrote , I had more h pe of good than I have to the College from the Legislature . Of course y ou know best the feeling on su c h subj ects

r at p esent existing , but for myself I do not believe the College could get a dollar from the Gen . ” Court . Lack of money was again the besetting peril t o the college . During the ﬁght with New Hampshire it had lo st its student rental f or rooms and it s in come from lands . The expenses of the suit were about six thousand dollars , and to add to the trouble the heirs of President John Wheelock brought suit for the collection of unpaid “ for salary and ten thousand dollars the work,

of son of h labor, care , and diligence the his fat er as head of the college . A settlement was ﬁnally

for i made 5, which kept the institut on in debt 116 DANA AND TYLER

o r . ow n ff f years Besides , it owed its o icers nearly

ﬁve thousand dollars in unpaid salaries . The trus tees tried t o get indemnity from the Legislature for their losses incurred by the university ﬁasco ; it can readily be imagined that their plea was ex t inguish ed with ribald laughter in that still umre generate body . A very real disaster following close upon the heels of o o n 2 1 8 20 these tr ubles was the death , July 7, , of President Bro wn . He had literally worn himself out in the struggle , and he paid the penalty of his

- i s x . difﬁ devotion at thirty His brief, but terribly cult administrati o n shows him to have been a rare

o . s ul In person says Lord , he was unusually

ed and commanding , yet natural and graceful i r a e . g His large, full hazel eye , and genial , beaming face invited conﬁdence, but his expression was so penetrating and saga c ious as to forbid de c e t ion p , and repel familiarity . When the occasion required he could be terribly severe , but this severity f nothing o personal anger in it . To govern

w s g men a natural and easy to him . He rarely

of r r used the language command . A wish o e quest expressed in the mildest form w a s with the

students equivalent to a command , and was promptly r egarded . He was both honored and loved . The ine of the College was never more perfect than 1 17 THE STORY OF DARTMOUTH duri ng the years when the laws of the College were

of stript authority, when the students were under the ban of the legislature and when each student knew that his course might end without academic honors . The main inﬂuence in holding the College ” together was the personality of the President .

’ President Brown s successor was the Reverend

of M a ssa chu Doctor Daniel D ana , Newburyport , setts ; a successful preacher and a man of evident common sense, which he reluctantly allowed to be overruled by his Presbytery, to which was referred the pressing call of the Dartmouth trustees . He has the historic distinction of o ne of the briefest a d

n ministrations on record among the colleges . I au ura t ed on 1 8 20 g October 3 , , he resigned within

six t o . t o months , a prey melancholia His letter the tru stees declaring his withdrawal reveals a man who knew what a college president should be, even if he could not himself be one . The College needs

not of a President he wrote , only powerful

of talents , but strong nerves and vigorous health ; one w ho can enterprise much and accomplish much ; one whom labors cannot easily exhaust nor diﬂicul

nor . t o ties embarrass , trials depress In reference all these particulars I have a painful consciousness , ”

not of de cienc of contrast . I will say ﬁ y , but R Then followed everend Bennett Tyler, a parson 1 18

THE STORY OF DARTMOUTH

On Sunday the students were required to attend morning and evening prayers in the chapel and t wo services in the college church . Students were re quired t o be in their rooms during study hours and after nine P . M . and t o abstain from all loud con

o n versation , Singing , playing musical instruments , and from all other noise which may tend t o inter rupt and on the Sabbath every student was t o remain in his chamber unless the duties of public worship or acts of necessity or mercy called him

l one t o e sewhere , and no was attend to any secular

or or business diversion , unnecessarily walk in the

fields or streets . Keeping or playing with cards or dice was pun i h b l of s a e with a fine five dollars , and persistence in either by ru stication . Under similar penalties students were forbidden to be present at a treat or entertainment in which spirituous or fermented liquors were used . The faculty was particularly and earnestly recommended to inform themselves concerning each one ’ s moral and literary charac ter and t o this end was directed to make weekly visits t o the room of each student . At this period it cost the Dartmouth student

n about o e hundred dollars a year for his college life .

x - Tuition was ﬁ ed at twenty six dollars , room rent averaged six dollars , and decent board could be had 120 DAN A AN D TYLER for one dollar a week ; the man who paid one dollar and seventy- ﬁv e cents was regarded as rather Lu cullan in his tastes . To these expenditures were

’ added , according to the individual s moral lapses , the money collec ted by the faculty in t h e shape of

r ﬁnes fo infraction of the college laws . This species of taxation was no less silly and futile than in other

of no o . American colleges the day, but more s

! for Early in the Tyler r gime , the requirements w w admission were stiffened somewhat . It a s no necessary that a prospective freshman be “ well

o f versed in the Grammar the English , Latin and ’ S Greek Languages , in Virgil , Cicero s elect Orations ,

’ S D a lzel s allust, the Greek Testament, Collectanea

Graeca Minora , Latin and Greek Prosody, Arith metic, ancient and modern Geography, and that he be able accurately to translate English into ” Latin . The college year w a s of thirty- seven and a half weeks , with three vacations . The seniors were given ' a special vacation of ﬁve weeks after the ﬁnal exams this t o allow the members t o go

home, get their new clothes (Often homespun) and ” of make other preparations . Their year study was

’ on taken up with Locke , Edwards the Will , Butler s

’ ” S of Analogy, tewart s Philosophy , Evidences Christianity and Law and the Federalist a 121 THE STORY OF DARTMOUTH

sufficiently solemn preparation for the beginning of

t h e duties of life .

for In this era the faculty, which a number of

years had comprised only the president, Professors

Sh urt leﬂ of Adams and , and a brace tutors , was much strengthened by the addition of William Chamberlain as professor of Greek and Latin lan

. f guages ; Charles B Haddock , a nephew o Daniel

o f o Webster , as professor rhet ric and oratory , and

Do cto r D aniel Oliver as professor of intellectual

and moral philosophy . These were strong men ,

o c w a s one of Hadd ck in parti ular, who the most

o of esteemed instruct rs his time , and the ﬁrst pro

f essor of rhetoric in Ameri c a . The fact that he was eternally in debt did not militate against his popu

lari one t o t y . It is related that irate creditor came Hanover determined t o get his money from the

professor or proceed t o the law . He was royally

’ w a entertained in Haddock s courtly y , and before ’ he left his debtor s residence; he had loaned the reverend gentleman another goodly sum .

Innovations came thick and fast, as President ’ Tyler s administration waxed . The annual cata

- logue, long a mere hand bill published by each sophomore class and bearing only the names of the

of students , became an octavo pamphlet ﬁfteen

n or pages , co taining the regulations f admission, the 122

THE STORY OF DARTMOUTH

Yale had adopted academic regalia ﬁve years before,

. So on 1 1 8 2 and Union soon after March 5, 5, the D artmouth men voted t o adorn themselves after the reigning fashion . Their dress was a single breasted black frock coat with rolling collar, having o n the left breast a sprigged diam o nd three and a half inches long and three inches wide ; and on the

for left sleeve half a sprigged diamond freshmen , t w o halves placed one above the other for soph o mores , three for j uniors and four for seniors ; with

or black white pantaloons , stockings , vest, and cravats . This outfit , which seems to have been tasteful enough , met with general favor , but soon palled and survived no longer than the first suit ” lasted . A reform more enduringly appreciated was the ukase that the first bell for chapel Should never be rung earlier than five o ’ clock in the morning ! This was regarded as considerable of a concession to

w a s . laziness , but even its clemency often irksome “ ” “ It was , indeed , barbarous , says Lord , and the occasion , no doubt, of much inj ury to health in the more inclement seasons . It gave occasion likewise for many laughable incidents . Attendance was expected at prayers , even though , as sometimes

r . happened fo certain classes , no recitation followed r It was not unusual in such cases , and in summe 124 DANA AND TYLER

r for t o weathe , students rise from bed at the last

moment and , without giving themselves the trouble

to dress , to attend to their places , wrapped from shoulder to feet in the long wide cloak then in

fashion , ready to return to bed till breakfast . There

is an authentic record of o ne who suﬂ ered the mis

of fortune, when thus habited , becoming involved

in a rush , and being pitched headlong down the ” chapel steps and out of his cloak .

of The democracy Dartmouth , which has been

traditional and is still sound , received its ﬁrst vital

’ test in Tyler s administration . It was not a ques

o of o r ti n poverty versus wealth , for none , very few,

of were wealthy, but a problem the inclusion of white

skins and black in the same college . In the settle

of ment it, the students showed themselves more

liberal than the trustees .

' The incident arose over the application of Edward

of Mitchell , a young man African blood from the

island of Martinique , for admission to the freshman

c 1 8 2 . lass in 4 He passed his examinations , but the trustees declined t o admit him on the ground that

the students might ﬁnd him obj ectionable . Where

- upon the undergraduates held a mass meeting, voted

that Mitchell ought to be admitted , and appointed a committee to lay their decision before the govern

In 1 8 2 g body . The spokesman , C . D . Cleveland , 7, 125 THE STORY OF DARTMOUTH

had an unusually dark skin , and he argued that if a

’ out of man s color were to keep him college , he him self had no business there . The trustees quickly reversed their decision , and Mitchell became a

of of 1 8 28 popular member the class , graduating

. no with credit From that day to this , man has

or ever been denied entrance to Dartmouth , , once inside, has been less respected , if worthy of respect, because of his complexion or his race .

o f After six years faithful and honorable , if not brilliant service, President Tyler resigned . He had never really loved his work ; the call of the pul pit and pastorate was ever strong within him . When he was invited t o the Second Congregati o nal Church

l 1 8 28 t o at Port and , Maine , in May , , the desire be once morea shepherd of s ouls exclusively was over

. 1 8 28 mastering In August, , he left the presidency, carrying with him the respect and liking of students

for and townspeople his deep sincerity, his ready

c . sympathy, and his accurate conception of justi e

o He was not a strong pers nality, and it appears that

the trustees of his day ruled rather rigorously . But

o w a s o ne of results count, and his administrati n

steady advance and increasing common sense .

President Tyler was succeeded by Nathan Lord ,

a minister at Amherst, New Hampshire , and a

Bowdoin man of the class Of 1 809 . 126

THE STORY OF DARTMOUTH

But at thirty- six he had already given signs of strength . He had been a trustee of Dartmouth for

w ne . t o years , and an aggressive and inﬂuential o

He knew what was to be done, and he had perfect conﬁdence that he knew how t o do it . He plunged t in o his labors with enthusiasm and vigor, backed by a harmonious board of trustees and the good- will of the alumni in general . There was plenty for the young president to begin

i s - upon . The college was in t chronic poverty stricken condition , although there was a little sunlight through the clouds in the form of a partly com

let ed p subscription begun under President Tyler,

o f by which , at a meeting Dartmouth men held in ff the Exchange Co ee House at Boston , abo ut six thousand dollars had been raised . Thus early the Boston alumni showed that Splendid devotion t to heir college that has marked them ever since, and h a s made the capital of Massachusetts the capital also of Dartmouth loyalty and endeavor in the eyes of the sons of the institution .

President Lord , having been given the by no means honorary office of ﬁnancial agent of the trus

set on tees , himself the money trail with the keen

- ness of a sleuth hound . It was hoped to raise ﬁfty thousand dollars ; but in order to make any sub

f dol scription binding , a minimum o thirty thousand 128 NATHAN LORD

’ lars must be raised . In Spite of all Lord s art s of

of pleading and caj olery , the last day grace arrived , and only had been subscribed . The presi

- f dent, being what might to day be a fectionately termed at Hanover a dead game sport extracted the necessary four hundred dollars from his slender pocketbook , although he had already given three hundred dollars , and saved the day .

t o With this providential manna , the debt the

off John Wheelock estate was paid , and for the ﬁrst time in its history the college owed nobody but itself. It was like a boy with some poc ket money

re as a new experience . D artmouth Hall was modeled by tearing out rooms in the center and ” t o D creating Old Chapel , familiar all artmouth

now of 1 08 men alive down t o the class 9 , and hal lowed by the memories of youth rather than by any sanctity o f holiness . A new bell and a clock

o t w o were added to the cup la , and dozen two bushel baskets were bought for the salvage o f the

of . library, in case ﬁre The yard was graded , and “ ” around it was placed a sufficient fence . The college was putting o n style .

More important still , the two severe outriders that now ﬂank the new Dartmouth Hall were built and named Wentworth and Thornton respectively, for the generous royal governor and the hearty English 129 THE STORY OF DARTMOUTH

squire . They were the ﬁrst additions t o the build

of ings the college proper since 1 790 . The old wo oden chapel was hauled away by the combined motive- power Of forty yoke of oxen and a score o r R i . of n two of students efreshments were, course, evitable . The college treasurer had t o pay for B i 1 . 1 u s uet 20 of Bbl cider, 7 soft q , loaves Bread ,

2 6 . 1 00 1 . c Crackers , lbs heese, tumblers , 3 gal A

i R m 1 w o n . . u t g , 3 do N , % do molasses besides

o o m re quarts of gin and three f rum as extras . There is no evidence that the bill was disputed .

One of the early trials of President Lord was the matter of disciplining his young gentlemen .

Whether they had grown a triﬂe too boisterous under

or the mild Tyler , believed that they could impose

’ upon the new Prexy s youth , the fact was that there w a s much disorder after his coming . But the

’ of disturbers s oon got a taste Nathan Lord s force .

A few ringleaders having been punished , the rest Of the students declared a revolution . William H .

1 8 0 Duncan , 3 , thus describes what happened

Some will reco llect the elec tric effect of a speech

’ f t o o Dr . Lord s to the students who were moved

t o en rebel . They had threatened leave college masse (as they often do if their wishes are not com

D r. o plied with) . One senten c e from L rd went like

. : Go a loaded shell into their ranks It was this , 13 0

NATHAN LORD

ou s young gentlemen , if y wish ; we can bear to ee ’

r ou r . ou seats vacated , but not laws violated This w a s said with such regal decision and dignity that no man of those classes spoke of deserting the ” college .

However, this was by no means the end of the rough pranks and even outrages that the Dartmouth students of that era seemed to ﬁnd a berserker j oy

in committing . Some o f these performances were

of mild , as the seizure by the freshmen a smoky

stove in their recitation- room and the casting of it

r . S into the rive ome were excusable, as the tearing down of a house of bad reputation known as the Seven Nations and th e tarring and feathering of a vile townie who compelled his daughter to

dance unclad before some students .

Other exploits were less commendable . It was

’ freshmen s thought humorous to smash windows ,

or sprinkle their rooms with assafoetida , worse , and

To of break their furniture . install a ﬂock turkeys

o in the chapel , and cows and h rses in the upper

of for corridor Dartmouth Hall , known generations

- w a s o as Bed bug Alley regarded as meritori us ,

’ while t o conceal a skunk in an instructor s desk agai nst his lifting the lid in the morning was thought

o f - ﬁ rin a triumph of genius . Wild outbursts gun g n were commo , to the extent that special laws had 13 1 THE STORY OF DARTMOUTH

inﬂi i to be passed against the ct ons. There were still worse off enses . A vote of the faculty expelling one particularly heinous sinner is illuminating :

W ere So omore Wa rre e r rom e e c e h as ph n app a s , f vid n , t o e en t h e ea er of r of u en in dis hav be l d a pa ty st d ts , ’ u w h o ro e en c en ou e re ene t h e g ise, b k Op a itiz s h s , th at d

nm e e not ro n ucc e u i at s with d ath , and ﬁnally p vi g s ssf l

o e io of t h e ou e re r one in gaining p ss ss n h s , th w la ge st s th rough t h e windows a nd doors t o t h e manifest d a nger of t h e lives of those within ; wh ereas t he said Warren is said t o have c arri ed a loaded pistol on t h e night of t he o e m o e a c a nd ere t h e a W rren ab v enti n d att k, wh as s id a , ou ut on r c ro a on f or his m eme or th gh p st i t p b ti isd an s , still p ersisted in a cours e of di ssipation a nd sec ret viola o of co e e a uc a s re ue r c o ti n ll g l ws , s h f q nt pa ti ipati n in co e er nmen u c inn ee n of nvivial nt tai ts at a p bli , the k pi g

r en r in his room a nd e s n U o o e o a d t spi its , f a ti g p n st l n f wls which students h a d fattened in t h e college b uilding a nd o er o on t oo umerou t o men o ere ore o e th vi lati s n s ti n , th f v t d that Sophomore Wa rren be and is h ereby ex p elled from c ollege .

Sometimes mere noise took a ponderous and de structive form . A famed incident occurred in the

of 1 8 6 summer 3 , and is thus embalmed in a letter

t of 1 8 6 : wri ten home by Solomon Laws , of the class 3

We have h a d rath er sq ually times h ere this term. The diffi culti es arose in a nd h ave b een c hieﬂy conﬁned t o t h e ’ o omo T ere em e u en S ph re cl a ss . hey w ass bl d at a st d t s room m e ome o e a nd one of t h e u or e and ad s n is , T t s w nt 13 2

THE STORY OF DARTMOUTH

tion fell sprawling into an open ditch , but retained presence of mind enough t o detect the identity of

the culprit by his laugh . The president would also

mix with a rush and his Desist, young gentle men , desist accompanied by the pounding of his

on w a s for cane the ground , a famous slogan years .

The concerted blowing of ﬁ sh- horns enlivened

many an otherwise dull Hanover evening . The

of origin this custom is lost in obscurity . Lord

of thinks that perhaps the sound the conch shell , with which the ﬁrst president assembled his stu

o r of i n dents , the horn , that in his day and aga n o b ll of t h e . e 1 8 20 the failure in , called the college to

so of its duties , caught the fancy the students that they were unwilling to let it pass away . At any rate, faculty legislation was directed against it as

1 8 . . 1 8 6 : early as 3 5, and J W B arstow, of 4 , says Horn- blowing was in full vogue and blast from

1 8 2 1 8 of 4 to 45, but the origin the vicious habit

antedated my ow n college days . I remember that — in 1 843 44 the practice had become general in

SO so college , much th at the Faculty had magniﬁed

c the nuisance into a rime , until at length expulsion was threatened to any Student caught with a horn

in hand or even found in his room . ” 1 8 1 ~ The Great Awakening Of July, 5 , is tra dit ionally believed t o h ave marked the high tid 13 4 NATHAN LORD

. of horning On the seventh that month , a hun dred or more students had gone t o a postponed

St . Glorious Fourth celebration at Johnsbury ,

t o w ho w a s Vermont, lend Professor Sanborn , t o give the oration , their moral support . It turned out

of to be immoral , for bottles rum were carried along , and the collegians , becoming somewhat uproarious , rebelled at the poor service at the banquet and in t errupt ed the post- prandial speechmakers with cat

of o ne of calls . A member Congress , the disturbed ,

‘ o wrote violent letters to the press ab ut it, and th e faculty h ad to notice the aff air . On the night of the twelfth the students , angered because the case h a d been taken up for discipline, let loose what the

“ Oldest Inhabitant is wont to call the most hellish ’ - three hours pandemonium of horns , cow bells ,

’ ﬁddles o - devil s , and other n ise producers that the F town had ever heard . or this eleven men were separated Horning survived in milder form a great many years . In the middle eighties it became a testi monial of disapproval for professors or tutors who

ff or had o ended a class , an insulting deﬁance from

wh o freshmen to sophomores , would quite often

respond with volleys of stones o r coal fro m the

S 1 8 6 dormitory most frequented by ophs In 9 , the students voluntarily decided t o give up the 13 5 THE STORY OF DARTMOUTH

1 8 8 neces practice . But in 4 it was still considered sary by the faculty t o pass such a resolution as :

t o S R Voted , require ophomore eed to deliver up his trumpet wherewith he discourset h most horrible music to the college and furthermore t o apologize to Professor Chase for his insult to him , and in default thereof, to be suspended from examination . R w N . B : eed is also to be admonished for blo ing

’ ” his horn , during Professor Brown s recitations .

Such pranks as occasi o nally marked the activities

’ “ ” of Nathan Lord s young gentlemen would be considered rather silly busin ess by Dartmouth men of - h or V to day and silly t ey would be, f ery good

one of so reasons , which is that there are now many other things to do . But it must be remembered that in the forties and ﬁfties student eff ervescence w a s rigidly corked by faculty and trustee law . Theatricals were banned ; cards were rigidly pro hib it ed ; dancing was in such bad Odor that on one occasion thirty- one students were ﬁned two dollars each for going to a school of instruction in the wicked art ; even bowling was frowned upon . The military company called the Dartmouth Pha! ” of lanx , by means which some youthful excess

off a s steam had been legitimately let , w abolished

1 8 in 45, because it was deemed t oo devoted to spirits . Most of the things that were prescribed were 13 6

THE STORY OF DARTM OUTH

for was Dr . Lord , he wore the same green specs in

o n t o w a s my day, and the end , worn (it evident t o every student) not so much as a protection from the

’ sun s glare, but as they furnished a secure fence, behind which the dear old Shepherd could glare at his sheep without detection and watch every pos sible thing that happened to be going on in his

or vicinity, whether in chapel recitation room or even in the solemn personal interviews with luckless

’ ’ students in the dreaded Prexy s Study . I have seen him in chapel open the Bible, repeat a psalm (apparently reading it) and his restless eyes mean

of while over the edge his glasses , searching every face in every seat and every corner . No wonder ” - that he was credited with semi omniscience . The death of Daniel Webster in 1 852 furnished the most s olemn observance of the times at Han

in over . The college buildings were draped black ,

- ff ﬂags were put at half sta , college exercises were

for omitted a day , and a meeting was held in the

' c h a el a t t o R p , which it was decided ask ufus Choate t o deliver a commemorative orati o n at the next

Commencement . That historic address was given in the Old church before the most di stinguished audience it has ever held , while as many more clamored for admission outside and even tried t o storm the doors . 13 8 NATHAN LORD

The eulogy is said to have made an extraordinary ” Fo r t w o impression . almost hours and a quarter, says Lord , Mr . Choate held the dense and eager ” assembly in almost breathless silence . This Com m nc ment o e e was long in ill fav r in other respects , for the hotel men raised their rates to exorbitant

o ne ﬁgures and , according to of the New Hampshire

of papers , there was an usual amount ﬁghting, drinking , and general rowdyism in and about certain

one of underground liquor dens , which was con d ” nect e with the principal hotel in the village .

o Despite occasional excesses of this kind , m re “ ” o n the part of visito rs and townies than Of im students , life in Hanover had been gradually

. For F a mil Visitor of proving example, the y May 8 “ 1 1 o . 5, 44, inf rmed the college world that Mr Kinsman has constructed a neat and convenient ” bathing house , which will be open in a few days .

The little building stood o n the south side of Whee

S of t h e lock treet , nearly opposite the site present F Episcopal Church . or a number of years it enjoyed

w ho considerable patronage . Among others made ’ f it w use o ere the young ladies of Mrs . Peabody s o

school , which was kept in a house where Webster

t o Hall now stands , who were required form a 1 weekly procession thither with soap and towels . The

1 ” stor of art mout o e e Vol. . Hi y D h C ll g , II 13 9 THE STORY OF DARTMOUTH

’ ou t common was fenced to keep the villagers cows . The Hanover Ornamental Tree Ass o ciation was

t o f formed , and its blessed labors the Dartmouth o

- t o day owes many of its beautiful trees .

The railroad reached the near- b y Leb anon in

1 8 old November, 47, and the , picturesque, but inconvenient days Of the stage- coaches from Con

o c rd , from Brattleboro , from Burlington , and from

Haverhill , laden with jolly students , their boxes and trunks strapped in mountainous piles behind , were gone forever . There are Dartmouth men still living who re c all the coaching days with delight .

And they could not have been so very slow . From

Boston , the trip to Hanover could be made in a day R and a half ; it takes practically o ne day now . ates

six for were cents a mile , and there were no rebates coach sickness nor for damage resulting from

not o . capsizes , which were wh lly unknown

o f Before the advent the locomotive, the college,

o - under L rd , had begun to crowd the stage coach tops more and more . There was a rapid growth

1 8 o ne from 3 5 to 1 842 . From an average of hundred

t o and ﬁfty students , there was an increase two hundred in 1 8 36 and t o three hundred and forty in

- ﬁv e 1 840 . In 1 842 there were graduated eighty

n men . Yale that year sent forth o e hundred and

- - a fift fiv e fiv e . five, H rvard y , and Princeton forty 140

THE STORY OF DARTMOUTH

R bad matter worse, the eed legacy hung ﬁre, and

Reed Hall had t o be paid for . There w a s but one thing t o do : start another subscription ; and Nathan Lord went at that thing

of with his characteristic energy . The sum ﬁfty

f or on thousand dollars was asked , the condition that

1 thirty thousand dollars be raised before August , f 1 8 . 43 The e fort failed , and would have died utterly

o S of but for the gener sity of amuel Appleton , Bos t on t o his - , who refused take back thousand dollar

w a s check and advised another subscription . This

set attempted , with another time limit at August I ,

1 8 . c i 45 Again the amount la ked complet on , this time by four thousand dollars , and again rare Old

Sam Appleton came forward with a check , giving

o nine thousand dollars , and raising himself t de

in of served canonization the annals Dartmouth . A few ye ars later came a bequest that proved more easily collectible than that of William Reed . This w a s of ﬁfty thousand dollars from Abiel

of for Chandler, Walpole , New Hampshire, the establishment and suppo rt of a permanent departe ment or school of instruction in the practical and

of useful arts life . With t his money was founded S S the Chandler cientiﬁc chool , afterward called

S 1 8 the Chandler cientiﬁc Department, and in 93 completely merged with the college . 142 NATHAN LORD

In the Lord era , the Dartmouth students , as those of other colleges , took their politics pretty seriously .

6 R w a s In 1 8 5 a epublican Club organized , and an amusing account is preserved of a debate in the chapel between Edward F . Noyes , later a Union

of general and governor Ohio , and the Democratic R of R . postmaster Hanover, everend Daniel F ichard

1 20- son . The club raised a splendid foot ﬂagpole

of in the middle the campus , made by two Maine students w ho had previously been Shipwrights . This

1 86 pole lasted till 9, though its political origin was Often overlooked for the more attractive fact that its crosstree furnished an admirable display- point for utensils and ﬁgures that the students deemed proper for exposition .

S f o f 1 86 cales , in his history o the class 3 , relates that on one occasion the eﬂi gy of a New Hampshire

w h o judge, had made himself obnoxious to the students , was thu s suspended from the pole . An investigation followed , in which a student was asked if he had any part in raising to the crosstree

w h o the man had there ﬁxed the effigy, and he

: not . promptly replied I did , and was dismissed

r After g aduation, he met Professor Aiken , and , recalling the circumstance , asked him if he remem ”

. Yes bered his reply , said Professor Aiken , but ” I always felt that y ou were not telling the truth . 143 THE STORY OF DARTMOUTH

for w ho w a s I did , he replied , I was the man

H d u f o for pu e p Another man , n ted his untidy person and slovenly dress , on being called before w a s . the faculty, admitted that he disguised On

of being questioned as to the nature his disguise , he hesitated and stammeringl y s a id : Well I ” I had on a clean shirt . The epoch of Nathan Lord w a s necessarily one of

change, experiment, and development . Much can

- and does happen to any college in thirty ﬁv e years . Several Of the innovations pleased the president’ s young gentlemen greatly: They liked the

abolition of college honors and the giving of Co m

menc ement p arts to everybody, though the faithful

of audiences parents , friends , and sweethearts must f have su fered torments when , as sometimes hap f pened , they had to Sit through the forensic e forts

of ﬁfty Commencers . This terror was afterward abated by the adoption of a system of drawing lots

for Commencement parts , a scheme President Lord

t o stubbornly refused change , even against the almost unanimous request of the faculty and an ap

peal from the Boston alumni . His answer was that honors were unchristian and immoral as making an ” appeal t o wrong motives and hurtful ambition . The

trustees stood by him in this view of the matter .

To the students it seemed a great gospel of peace . 144

THE STORY OF DARTMOUTH

it s of od apart from abuses , as an institution G

t o according natural and revealed religion , that,

or w a s od like war pestilence , designed by G as a

sin penalty for ; and he called it a divine institution , not because it was blessed , but because he believed that it was divinely ordered.1 This was a bit t oo subtle for the average Northern conscience, and although the president was kindly disposed toward the negro, actually helping fugitive slaves from his private purse and admitting colored students refused from other New England colleges , his peculiar views aroused great hostility toward the man and toward the college itself . In the college no one was particularly disturbed ; the students

’ excused the president s Opinions on slave- holding ” as one with his peculiarities .

o o f With the c ming the Civil War, however, this peculiarity became the centering- point of violent attacks , natural enough under the changed circum ld stances . The good o doctor was accused of being a traitor , whose words were giving aid and comfort

o f t Bo ton to the enemy . One his letters o the s

Courier o 22 1 86 2 w s (N vember , ) a reprinted , in garbled form , by the Connecticut Democrats as a

not campaign document , which did improve the

situ ation . The president published this as a pam

” 1 f r m o istor o a t out e e Vol. . H y D h C ll g , II 146 NATHAN LORD

phlet in which he held that the true responsibility for

w a s the great conﬂict upon abolition , as an attempt

to subvert the moral government of God . This

of was the last straw . The church the North w a s R up in arms at once . esolutions were passed by the

Merrimack County Conference of Congregational ist s calling upon the trustees to inquire whether the interests of the college did not demand a change in

the presidency . The trustees could no longer blink the ugly situa

on 2 1 1 86 tion . When they met July , 3 , the storm

lowered . A motion being made to confer the degree

f of o Doctor Laws upon Abraham Lincoln alone , that

year , President Lord voted against it, making a

is tie . H foes in the board then present ed the Mer

rimack County res olutions . The majority refused to endorse them ; they wo uld not a sk the resigna

of on tion Doctor Lord , but they went record as declaring that they did not coincide with the President of the College in the views which he has l published , touching slavery and the war a so hoping that American slavery with all its sin and

shame may ﬁnd its merited doom in the conse ” q uence of the war which it has evoked .

Upon hearing this , stout old Nathan Lord seized

out of - e his cane , walked the trustee room , and r

in of i turned half an hour with his letter resignat on. 147 THE STORY OF DARTMOUTH

He would quit before he would trim , though quitting

i not t o t ook away h s livelihood . He could agree any

of test Opinion , and also he would not submit t o t o any censure, nor consent any conditions such

of as are implied in the aforesaid action the board . He held also that it was inconsistent with Chris t ian charity and propriety to carry on my a dminis t ra t ion in , while holding and expressing opinions

urious of j , as they imagine, to the interests the ff College, and o ensive to that party which they here ” professedly represent .

S a d uch a resignation , tendered in such a style , mit t ed of nothing but acceptance, and the trustees

re at once did the Obvious thing, doubtless much liev ed that the stalwart old ﬁghter , who regarded his convictions as more valuable than his position , had taken a great burden from their shoulders .

Nathan Lord in the retirement o f his study he lived out the remaining seven years of his life in Hanover could j ustly reﬂect that he had done a ’ man s work in his long presidency . He found the college groping ; he left it walking erect and ﬁrmly .

The faculty had increased from ten t o seventeen . The Shabby old college buildings and unkempt grounds had been transformed , and three new halls and an observatory had been erected . The assets of the institution had grown from eighty-ﬁv e thou 148

CHAPTER IX

TH E DARTMOUTH ROLL OF H ONOR

ARTM OUTH COLLEGE gave 652 of her sons to the service of the military forces that kept ld the Union whole . Some were o men ; most were in their early vigor, and some again were mere boys w h out o, when they had fought the ﬁght, returned

r f r t o college o came o the ﬁrst time . Classes were

1 8 22 t o 1 88 . 6 2 represented from 4 With these 5 , Dartmouth furnished a larger proportional number of soldiers for the Civil War than did any other

of . college the North On every battleﬁeld , in every

chm on hospital , in every p, the march and in the

of bivouac, the men Dartmouth were to be found

or doing their duty, dying bravely living honorably as the god of battle decreed . Dartmouth has as yet no noble hall for a Valhalla to her soldier heroes ; but She has t wo bronze tablets in Webster and she has a little green book with the Great Seal stamped in gold on its cover This book is the Dartmouth Roll of Honor and within it s 1 3 7 pages is enfolded the story of the 150 THE DARTMOUTH ROLL OF HONOR

devotion of one New England college t o its gov

ernment and its ﬂag . In this memorial we ﬁnd that 204 men were com

a s or missioned surgeons assistant surgeons , thirty

a s o o - lieut n sec nd lieutenants , f rty seven as ﬁrst e

- ants , Sixty seven as captains , sixteen as majors ,

- o ne - o - twenty as lieutenant c lonels , twenty four as

o o - o of col nels , and f ur as brigadier generals , and s me “ these rec eived additi o nal h o nors for merito rious ” c o r for conduct in spe ial engagements the war ,

of o ne of three having the brevet rank captain ,

o r of - c of maj r , th ee lieutenant olonel , nine briga

— - dier general and three of major general . When the news of the ﬁring upon Sumter reached

u S o Hanover , the few st dents from the outh , wh m

’ President Lord s pro- slavery views had attracted

t o D . artmouth , went home in a hurry A military

company of sophomores was immediately fo rmed

“ ’ and called the D artmouth Z ouaves . It was

o . well drilled , but perf rmed no actual service On

’ 8 r of c of 6 2 May , Cha les Lee Douglas , the lass ,

r enlisted in the First New Hampshi e , and , it is

o t o believed , was the ﬁrst c llege undergraduate

out of join the Union Army . Others dropped

o o no t c llege fr m time to time , but it was until May ,

1 862 - , that any general exodus Of student warriors

was threatened . What then happened caused the 15 1 THE STORY OF DARTMOUTH

- i o . r r n fa culty s me anxiety A high spi ited , b ill a t f S S . o young j unior , anford Burr , Foxboro , Massa

h s t t s s c u e , a magniﬁcent hor eman , talked war day and night ” and induced a hundred students to p romise to organize with him a company of cavalry .

c New Hampshire , Maine, and Massa husetts de clined c R to ac ept the troop , but hode Island agreed t o o stand sp nsor for it, if it could be raised imme dia t ely The students were greatly excited ; Mars was the only classical hero worth menti o n . President and faculty advised the young men to Stick to their

o . b oks , but made no attempt to coerce them Finally

—ﬁv e D only thirty men left artmouth , and other institutions were drawn upon to make up the ” - eighty ﬁv e known a s The College Cavaliers .

o 0 . These youthful horse reached Washingt n , June 3

r On the way , elegant handke chiefs and fans were forced up o n the acceptance of the students by

Philadelphia ladies It must have needed force ,

t o on indeed , impose elegant fans Dartmouth

c avalrymen . ’ c The squ adron did good servi e at Harper s Ferry, and in September captured a supply train of eighty

’ ﬁv e of Lo ngstreet s wago ns . It was mustered out in

’ o O ctober , and most of the Dartm uth men returned

to Hanover, where they were piqued to ﬁnd that , 152

THE STORY OF DARTMOUTH

’ t o Hooker s Brigade, and then promoted be medical ’ director of Hooker s division . The horrors of war

o impressed him at once . F llowing the ﬁrst great disaster at Bull Run he wrote t o a friend

Th e whole volume of military su rgery w a s op ened

e o re me on Su ernoo u 2 1 1 86 1 b f nday aft n (J ly , ) with

o nd n u e u r illu strations h rrid a sa gui nary . S dl y Ch c h with it s hundred wou nded victims will form a picture in my

m o on a e er e one sic k drea s s l g a s I live . I h ve n v sp nt

out of c m nc e c me n o a nd b ed a nd night a p si I a i t it, a m e a e een r n er r c c f or mo ys lf h v b st a g s , p a ti ally , nths ; y et I h ave never h a d one b egi nni ng of a regret at my dec ision t o devote wh a t may b e l eft of life a nd ability

t o t h e re c u e . e a s ou no ou r ou n g at a s I hav , y k w, f y g mo er e c re u a s is e e u c th l ss hild n . Painf l it to l av s h a c a r e e orce m e n o reconc o t h e h g , I hav f d ys lf i t iliati n by reﬂ ection that t h e great issu e under t h e stern arbitra me of rm is e er or not our c re a re t o e nt a s , wh th hild n hav a country .

S w a s f R c of tirring the career o ufus Gilpatri k ,

of 1 8 . K 1 8 the medical class 34 Going to ansas in 54, he plunged with all his soul into the wild turmo il that surrounded the making of that territory into a free State . He became an intimate and ardent friend of John Brown and with that noble fanati c ‘ engineered the underground railway for the w escape of fugitive slaves . He a s a leader in the ﬁery politics of the period ; w a s president o f the 154 THE DARTMOUTH ROLL OF HONOR

ﬁ rst State Congressional Conventi o n and presi

r 1 8 0 . out dential electo in 5 When the war broke , he be c ame s u rgeo n of a brigade organized by General

His r o James H . Lane . se vice with the Army f the

o o Fr ntier was notable , b th as a ﬁeld surgeon and

as secret agent of the United States . At the battle

’ of Webber s Falls , in the Indian Territory, he bravely remained behind his command , to minister t o a wounded soldier, and was shot dead , while in

of of this act mercy, by a company Confederate s oldiers . To these Dartmouth men and to the two hundred

w h o sur more , either as surgeons or assistant geons , gave the best there was in them to their

o o allotted work , the c untry wes loving remem brance .

’ Dartmouth s army chaplains were many and of honorable fame . Perhaps the best known to the

o f o of his men the c llege , because long service as b Latin professor, was Henry Elij ah Parker , the e loved Picker of later days in the classroom . He w a s commissioned c haplain of the Second New

1 86 1 . Hampshire in June , Chaplain Parker was closely and continually ass o ciated with the regiment

of all the time of his servi c e . The men of the regi ment always had a very friendly and kindly feeling for him . He was in the battles of First Bull Run 155 THE STORY OF DARTMOUTH

and Williamsburg , and others in which the regiment was engaged . He always succored the wounded without heeding whether he was under ﬁre or not .

’ of G o d 1 A militant man was Daniel Foster, 4 ,

- chaplain of the Thirty third Massachusetts . At

Chancellorsville, seizing a musket from a fellow

o - s ldier, he rushed into the ranks as a self made

‘

. on recruit From that time he was , of course , known as the ﬁghting chaplain and in November ,

1 86 - 3 , was transferred to the Thirty seventh United

S of tates Colored Volunteers , with the rank cap fi . so tain Like many other of cers , he led his dusky troops with great bravery, ﬁghting at the Wilder

S ot t s lv a nia ness , p y , North Anna , Cold Harbor, and

of . so t oo the siege Petersburg Like many others , ,

’ of he mingled his life s blood with that the negro ,

’ being killed at the head of his regiment at Chapin s

S 0 1 86 . Farm , eptember 3 , 4 Another alumnus who was not t oo proud to cast R his lot with colored troops was oyal Parkinson ,

’ 2 - S 4 , chaplain of the Twenty third United tates

R on of t o R egiment, which was e the ﬁrst enter ich mond . He was not content with preaching and praying, but taught the men arithmetic , geography , and history in quieter times in camp .

’ 6 of S M a ssa c h u Alonzo Hall Quint, 4 , the econd

s one of . etts , was of the famous chaplains the war 156

THE STORY OF DARTMOUTH

the war United States Commissi o ner of Educati o n .

o f - Beginning as chaplain the Twenty seventh Ohio , — he ended his service as colonel of the Sixty third S United tates colored Infantry , and retired with — the brevet rank of brigadier general . In the inter

i c v en ng years his areer was varied and exc iting . Twice he was a p risoner within the Confederate

t o lines , once being requisitioned preach to the

’ 2 enemy s soldiers . In 1 86 he was appo inted by

of Grant superintendent the negroes , who in multi tudes were pilgrims into the great commander ’ s lines in Alabama , Tennessee , and Mississippi . He

’ proved a marvelous o rganizer of the black folk s eff orts to be of use .

D 0 one o f George Webb odge , 5 , was the few army chaplains who knew the bitterness and horror of long captivity in Confederate priso ns . He was — o i i 20 1 86 1 o ne of c mm ss oned , April , the very

ﬁrst chaplains t o j o in the army after Sumter in

o the Eleventh New Y rk Volunteers , the famous ’ Ellsworth s Z ouaves . At Alexandria he climbed the fatal stairs of the Marshall House with his colonel t o o help haul down the rebel ﬂag , and st od beside him when the enraged innkeeper ﬁred the Shot that

’ was to keep Ellsworth s memory bright forever .

of Ru n At the ﬁrst battle Bull , Chaplain Dodge was taken prisoner . Then began a weary year of shift 158 THE DARTMOUTH ROLL OF HONOR

ing from one prison t o another . At ﬁrst came

so Libby, not very appalling at that early day ; then S Castle Pinckney, outh Carolina , where the chap lain nearly died from yellow fever ; then Charleston

S o j ail ; then the dreadful alisbury , North Car lina ,

o sun with its miasma , its stenches , its b iling , and its human cruelties ; then Libby again , now ﬁlthy,

- - vermin haunted , and heart breaking . But the chap lain preached and prayed and cheered his comrades

1 862 . until he was exchanged in July , The twelve

o m nth , however , had done its work , and with broken health he resigned from the army .

’ 60 of Arthur Little , , was the youngest the Dart mouth chaplains Of whom there is record . He was twenty- seven when commissioned in the Eleventh

1 86 . saw of Vermont in March , 3 He the horrors the Wilderness and Cold Harbor and was active in

for . o caring the wounded At Charlest n, Virginia , a classmate, Colonel George E . Chamberlain, was mor tally wounded and died in his arms . In that gallant

’ s oldier s unﬁnished letter to his wife were these

’ wo rds : We are in Go d s hands ; and his will is better than o ur will ; we will love him and trust him ” - in- and be satisﬁed . He also saw his brother law , ’ f . 8 o . r Captain E B F ost , 5 , expire a terrible wound ,

c for re eived at Cold Harbor, happy to die my ” ’ coun t ry and for my G od . Chaplain Little s mag 159 THE STORY OF DARTMOUTH netic preaching was long remembered by the men w ho went through the dreary winter before Peters burg . On nearly every great battleﬁeld a Confederate bullet struck a Dartmouth heart . Some of the killed were but lads , who had left the college for the camp . A Splendid type of these young patriots was Dennis

uhi 1 8 D gg, who would have graduated in 63 , but S enlisted in the Fifteenth Vermont in eptember,

1 862 . w s , as a private In two months he a pro

- for moted to sergeant major gallantry . He became ﬁrst lieutenant of the Eleventh Vermont and was f made a captain just before the battle o Winchester .

In that engagement, when the order came to charge

o : the enemy, he shouted as he to k his place Come on , boys ; I have never driven you , but I will lead ”

ou . o . y In a few m ments he fell , mortally wounded ” My last prayer is offered . I die happy, he mur ”

out . mured , as he was mustered ’ Arthur Edwin Hutchins , 57, ﬁrst lieutenant in the Eleventh New Hampshire, fought with con Spicuous gallantry at Fredericksburg in the Mc

Clellan campaign and before Vi c ksburg . At the

of i o n ff of battle the W lderness , serving the sta

- Brigadier General Grifﬁn , he was given an order to carry to another commander . Make all speed “ w a s o n his instruction , for your celerity depend 160

THE STORY OF DAR TMOUTH

1 86 1 a s adjutant of the Sixth Vermont . In less than a year he was its major . To an extraordinary degree

m io T the j oy of battle was for him a high e ot n . o have lived a minute then was worth a thousand ” of years , he said the gallant but fruitless charge up the heights of Fredericksburg . The college and the army were the poorer when a Confederate bullet ended his life during the gigantic sharpshooters ’ contest along the entrenchments at Cold Harbor .

of o Some men the great c nﬂict preferred death , or of of or the risk it, to the torture Libby, Ander

or S . sonville, alisbury prisons William Carter

’

8 w a s of . Tracy , 5 , that stamp As ﬁrst lieutenant in the Fourth Vermont , he was in every battle fought

’ by the Army of the Potomac from M c Clella n s ill starred peninsula campaign to the awful Slaughter of the Wilderness . Twice wounded in that titanic f struggle , he refused to leave the head o his com

R on pany . ecovering , he was with his regiment

2 1 86 w June 3 , 4, when it a s placed in the Weldon railroad near Petersburg . All at once Confederates sprang up before them as if some magician of war

out had tapped the earth . The Vermonters were numbered ﬁve to one. Only the line of railroad iron ” toward the Union lines was Open Surrender , yelled an ofﬁcer of the Johnnies Most of the ” r regiment threw down their arms . Cut fo it , 162 THE DARTMOUTH ROLL OF HONOR

c . shouted Lieutenant Tracy , running down the tra k

A few o f his men followed him ; but so did a Con federate bullet , passing through his head .

William Lawrence B aker , a Chandler Depart

’ of 8 of ment man 5 , was a dashing lieutenant ar

S . tillery in the Fourth United tates At Winchester , though but comparatively new to the service, his ” bearing was that of a V eteran . Sighting and ﬁring

t o his guns himself, he cut , pieces an attack intended

c F r o t o apture his battery . o his heroic c nduct here and at Port Republic he won warm official praise .

no He deserved better of fate than to die alone , with man to take a farewell message from his lips . When

of the awful ﬁeld Antietam was searched , after the conﬂict there , Lieutenant Baker was found lying by

o neof . his guns A smile was on his face, though a bullet had pierc ed his heart .

Dartmouth w a s compelled to claim one deserter .

Yet his name is in cluded in the Roll of Ho nor ’ 6 and rightly . Franklin James Burnham , 9, rose from a private to ﬁrst lieutenant in the Ninth New S Hampshire , and saw outh Mountain , Antietam ,

rederic k sb ur F g, Vicksburg , Jackson , Wilderness ,

S ot t s lv a nia o on p y , C ld Harbor , and Petersburg the

way . In the Mississippi swamps chills and fever

nearly ﬁnished him . After recovery in a Kentucky R hospital , he was sent to the Veteran eserve Corps , 163 THE STORY OF DARTMOUTH an honorable enough but totally stagnant assign D ment . It did not suit at all this artmouth man , wh o had been a brilliant leader in college activities . ffi He deliberately deserted and , with some di culty and some privations , made his lonely way to his regiment and reported for duty to his asto unded

o superiors . He received promoti n instead of a

- t court martial , and here is a tradition that Lincoln sent him a quaint and characteristic letter , endorsing that kind of a deserter and wishing there were more like him in the army . Thus could the little green book be drawn upon for story added to story of the valor and devotion and faith of the men of Dartmouth in the four

’ w h o years appeal to arms . Those o survived ﬂ wed back to their homes in a great tide of usefulness . Empty Sleeves and crutches became but the com monpla ces of a new life in the community . The embedded bullet could not stop a career . In the halls of Congress ; in the capitols Of States ; in the classrooms of great universities ; in famous pulpits ; in powerful banks ; in vast manufactori es ; in foreign legations ; in pi o neering on the seven seas , the

Dartmouth veterans made themselves felt, and many o f them are still , ﬁfty years after Appomattox and — ” its famous apple tree , vi rile and active in every line of human endeavo r . 164

CHAPTER X

TH E F IRS T C ITY P RE S ID ENT

ITHIN three weeks of the day when Nathan Lo rd stamped o ut of the trustee room and

of the presidency, a new head Dartmouth College h ad been chosen , and within two months more he had been inaugurated in a raging storm and to the

’ harrowing music of a neighboring village s Co rnet

1 86 Band As late as 3 , rural simplicity governed i . c r inaugurations at Hanover In fact , pomp and cumst a nce never did appear at such events until

of Fox c 1 0 the installation Ernest Ni hols in 9 9, when ” the college h ad ceased to be small and had a c quired sophistication . The new president was Reverend Asa Dodge

. f 1 8 0 S D D . o f o mith , , the class 3 , the distinguished

of pastor the Fourteenth Street Presbyterian Church ,

New York . There was for some time to be no change in the custom of choosing a president from the clergy, a custom previously broken only in the

of case John Wheelock . Doctor Smith was dis t inct l y urban in style, in manner, and in looks ,

one though might , perhaps , have rated his infantile , 166 Nor th M a s sa c husetts Ha ll

THE STORY OF DARTMOUTH

S Fraternity and the ocial Friends , which had now become mere custodians of libraries and divisions of the students in general football exercise on the campus . The Junior Exhibition was established in the spring term , orations being expected from ﬁfteen or more men on the basis of their scholastic ranking .

For a while the new order aroused genuine inter est , but it soon became irksome, and the exhibitions went out of existen c e . The last to die was that o f

1 8 8 . the j uniors , which survived until 7 For several years these exercises were made the butt of a mock programme gotten out by the sophomores in a style

or sometimes witty and always more less scurrilous . ff As a composite Of several e orts , with the worst features omitted and family names changed , the following may be submitted

LOGICAL DISQUISITION

Some p umpkins a re green ; I a m green ;

ere ore a m om um . Th f , I s e p pkins

- - G assy W indb ag Howard .

ORATION — How I made t he spondoolix ﬂy or

e - y e My tw nty h c ent b ust .

Littl e Charli e Bi rrell . 168 THE FIRST CITY PRESIDENT

ETHICAL ORATION

” Aint I a h a rd b oy !

F- o olish - it less W Jaynes .

B efore this promising youth concludes his h a ppy effo rt t he audience will b e fully convinced that in his case ” e o truth is strang r than ﬁcti n .

SCIENTIFIC DISSERTATION

The D r n eor re er e or t h e mon e de a winia th y v s d , k y s cended from (a) ma n . — - A w ful L ib el Rumsey .

TIGHT ROPE PERFORMANCE

- A- W ild pe Lloyd .

- - o e r C lass M nk y C ay .

o Ll yd doing t h e tight and Cray the rope .

SYRIAC ORATION

w l ok nx q uev a t olec a t .

- o e . J a c k a ss S . C nvers

MUSIC

Hark from t h e tombs a dol eful sound .

t e To b e sung by h e audi nce.

Dur t h e ex erc e - - at s aw Woo e ing is s W illing C p dsid , the c f a c rcu e o - for t h e co e e ce of lass g, will i lat a Sl p pail nv ni n ose s th ic k at t he stomach . 169 THE STORY OF DAR TMOUTH

’ With demoniac howls t he cla ss repai r for t h e denoue me t o Bed Bu Ba r Room ere e c o e nt g , wh th y l s t he ex er c is es of the day with a

RA D E E G N FIN AL .

While it was never confessed , the probability is that the Junior Exhibitions were abandoned by the faculty fo r the sake o f putting an end t o the

of R accompanying outbreaks abelaisian humor . ” The Social and Fraters divisions of the

on whole college went in a perfunctory fashion , most men neither knowing nor caring to which society they had been assigned by the faculty, until June ,

1 0 9 4, when the traditional fragments of the organi z a t ions voted t o give up their respective ghosts and convey their libraries to the college .

No college president is without a money problem ; none ever can be . President Smith met his with

for supreme tact and energy . It was not nothing that he had come from a rich congregation and was well known in New Yo rk . When he passed the

c academic hat in that town , goodly hecks ﬂuttered into it . The trustees encouraged him to set a one hundred thousand d ollar goal as the limit of his

- money raising endeavors . Within three years , thirty thousand dollars was Obtained , and the president further secured during his administration additions 17 0

THE STORY OF DARTMOUTH

available , and straitened ﬁnancial conditions went

n o as usual . The trustees had begun t o realize

u that the fac lty was miserably underpaid . A full professor got only eleven hundred dollars and 6 . 1 8 the president eighteen hundred dollars In 5, these sums were increased to thirteen hundred dollars and t w o thousand dollars ; in 1 866 to ﬁfteen

t w o hundred dollars and thousand dollars , and in 1 869 to t w o thousand dollars and three thou sand dollars , at which notches they stuck persistently

of for a score years more . The students were made t o assist in this laudable

o work to s me degree . The annu al tuition fee was raised from ﬁft y - one dollars to sixty dollars in 1 867 ;

1 8 2 to seventy dollars in 7 , and to ninety dollars in

1 876 . The graduation fee politely supposed t o

s t be expended for diploma costs , was e at eight dol lars , and it is there yet .

of Happily , the chronic poverty a college never makes it misant hropic or morose When 1 869 reached the scene, it found that great preparation had been made for a j oyous Centennial celebration

n of at D artmouth . This was held o Wednesday R Commencement week . ealizing that the church could no t hold a quarter of the people who would

not come to Hanover , and the hotels a tenth part , a huge tent , two hundred and ﬁve feet long and 17 2 THE FIRST CITY PRESIDENT

- ﬁv of eighty e feet wide, with a seating capacity

ﬁve thousand , was borrowed from Yale . This was

t of se up at the western side the Common , while over on the eastern edge w a s erected a great board

o barracks , three hundred feet l ng and forty feet

- . of Com wide , for a dining hall A photograph the mon thus decorated shows that the college grounds must have loo ked as if a cross between a Greatest Show on Earth and a military encampment were in progress , the latter resemblance being increased

of - r by the presence two good sized tents , whe e

R of 1 86 ollins Chapel now stands , for the classes 7

1 868 o f and , and a hundred army wall tents back

a s for Dartmouth , used bachelor quarters the general alumni . The food for this occasion is said to have been historically bad , though furnished by an able hotel “ i . . n man , Asa T Barron There was , perhaps l ev it ab y says Doctor W . T . Smith in his Han over Forty Years Ago considerable complaint in regard to the catering in general and the dinner

so in particular, that when , after Commencement ,

Mr . Barron invited several members of the faculty to take a trip among the mountains as his guests ,

a local wit , Ira B . Allen , remarked that he did this

’ to take the cuss off the dinner .

The morning exercises went very well . There 173 THE STORY OF DARTMOUTH

was a procession , and as it passed the house of ex “ of President Lord , hundreds his young gentle

o men f other days uncovered , as the face of the

his veteran w a s seen at chamber window . Salmon

of P . Chase, then Chief Justice the United States

of and President the Alumni , was master of cere monies in the tent Suave President Smith made a speech of welcome in his happiest vein and there

t o was a his orical address by President Brown , f

’ son of Hamilton College, Dartmouth s third presi dent . But in the afternoon there came an unbidden guest w ho made things very disagreeable for the festal throng under canvas . He did not register, but it w was proven beyond doubt that his name a s . , J

Pluvius . He had rarely been in better form .

K . o Professor John Lord , who was present n that f direful afternoon , gives us a lively picture o what happened . Judge Chase he says , began the exercises with a pleasing extempore address . Three o f the assigned addresses were then given , when , to break the succession , a poem written for the occa sion by George Kent of the class of 1 8 14 was read by

of . Judge Barrett Vermont As he was reading , there came the interruption for which there had been no provi sion . A shower , announced by heavy

s thunder, burst upon the tent a if the very windows 174

THE STORY OF DAR TMOUTH

which was not only wet, but soaked and thor

’ oughly uncomfortable . The bedraggled orators and auditors could stand

of - no more , and the rest the speech making was put over until the following afternoon . But the students Obligingly gave their naive gymnastic

of exercises in front the tent, to the great delectation of the crowd , which , in that archaic era , had not learned the ﬁ ercer joys of the Commencement base ball contests . Could the Dartmouth students of

— o to day be induced to perform in a b dy with staves ,

- for o f dumb bells , and Indian clubs the delight the admiring friends of Class Day Week ! Could those of f or ! any college , that matter After the Commencement feast in the long shed “ ”

t o . next day , the main p was again crowded

’ Governor Stearns assured the college of the State s

not distinguished consideration , though he did

. . S promise any money General William T herman ,

. . 1 866 who had been given the LL D degree in , made a neat speech after the inevitable and , to him , ﬁnally dreadful Marching Through Georgia from the Bosto n band in attendance . Great j oy ff “ ” was a orded by Long John Wentworth , the

o of famous milli naire pioneer Chicago , who remarked , apropos the professions of great embarrassment on the part of several who had preceded him : Per 17 6 THE FIRST CITY PRESIDENT

’ 9 ” ou haps y think I m embarrassed , but I ain t .

This , as he deliberately hoisted his colossal bulk of six feet and ten inches above the heads of the

audience and glowered about him , nearly brought down the tent . An evening promenade concert under the huge canvas , overpoweringly illuminated

of by the glare half a dozen locomotive headlights , brought the Centennial festivities t o a brilliant close . The life of the Dartmouth undergraduate in

’ w s Fo S a . r Prexy mith s day Simple many, teaching in the winter months was a regular routine, and all over northern New England the boys and girls of the Little Red Sch oolhouse felt the in

ﬂu enc e of o c f Dartm uth training , whi h o ten included thrashing the boys and making love to the girls . A long vacation of six weeks j ust after Thanksgiving made matters fairly easy for the young pedagogues . Even after changing the terms and sh o rtening the

o winter recess , the custom c ntinued in a measure and was not unknown in the late eighties . Returning teachers brought ba c k with them the money which enabled them to meet their coll ege expenses and also experiences that were both valu

able and interesting . Most of them taught in schools where “ boarding round was the regular

c t o pra tice , and the teacher went from family family , 17 7 THE STORY OF DARTMOUTH according t o a deﬁnite system determined by the number of children going to school . As each family usually delayed the annual killing o f the pig till the

of coming the teacher, his customary meat diet through the term was fresh pork and sausage . It was no u ncommon thing for a student to b reak his ow n road through the sn owdrifts to the schoolhouse

c o o of and to build the ﬁres . The nditi ns his work

c were primitive, and the subj ects whi h he taught

not c were advanced , but he widened his acquaintan e ,

o — learn ed adaptati n and self dependence, and brought 1 back to college the conﬁden c e born of success .

Ae is f or 1 86 1 c o The g July, , ntains a statement as to the students engaged in teaching during the year — 1 860 1 86 1 out , from which it appears that of the

2 of c c o f 75 members ollege, ex luding the students the Medical and the newly- organized Chandler

S 1 . a re chools , 73 taught during the year The gg gate length Of their sch ools was weeks ; the total amount earned was and the total

b o net amount rought back to c llege, after deducting

for o 1 payments board and ther expenses , was $ 4, a sum that would have paid the expenses of

for - all who taught , tuition , board , room rent , fuel , lights , and washing , reckoned at the maximum rate of given in the catalogue of that year . At

1 ” i stor of Dart mout o e e Vol. . H y h C ll g , II 17 8

THE STORY OF DARTMOUTH

it s a s took place, a police regulation to discourage afternoon pilgrimages from town . The building of the Bissell Gymnasium in 1 866

for gave a new point undergraduate interest . This

of structure, considered something a marvel in its day, the best in the country, was made possible

of . of 1 8 through the gift George H Bissell , 45, a

New York lawyer . It was ninety feet long and

- forty seven wide , was well equipped and ac tually contained bowling alleys , which had been anathema in the college but a few years previous . Militarism also took its place as an outlet for temperamental “ ” exuberance , and two companies , A and B “ of the Dartmouth Cadets of New Hampshire

1 8 were formed in 73 , with uniforms and muskets furnished by the State . These academic militia men were known as the Dartmouth Belligerents and for a time they were impressive . “ Dartmouth Three days in the week said the , at a certain hour the two companies of Dartmouth Cadets may be seen parading on the common or in the park . They make a ﬁne display in their neat

of uniforms blue , and the instruction in the tactics

’ : progresses rapidly . A later issue announced that

The Cadets , who have attained wonderful pro

ﬁ cienc y in military evolutions , are also obliged to suspend operations and go into winter quarters . 18 0 THE FIRST CITY PRESIDENT

Not all were equally alert says Lord , and one so man marched lazily that Professor Young, w h o one was day watching the drill , exclaimed hi ’ He ought to have a bee in the seat of s trousers .

In a year or two the Belligerents tired of their f toys and the companies perished o inertia . The relat ions between sophomores and freshmen S ’ had not , in President mith s time, reached their

of R f s present state urbanity . ushes o strenuou b character were frequent . Chapel seats were dau ed

or or m . with grease, paint, olasses The climax Of such performances was reached when the of ‘ body

Evans , a murderer, was stolen from the Medical

on o ne of School and placed the freshmen benches , ﬁ past which the sophomores solemnly led , as the

organist played a particularly gloomy dirge . In

n t dividual hazing was o unknown , and there is a “ ” tradition that one espec ially obnoxious fresh

- freshman was boxed in a packing case , which was

set upon the rear platform of the southern night

express , with the result that the unhappy individ

’ n al s plight was not discovered until the train was

far down in Connecticut . Against such practices the faculty thundered and demanded pledges of

abstention , but not very successfully . Time , with its civilizing inﬂuences and its changed notions of

o re class amenities , was required for the c mplete 18 1 THE STORY OF DARTMOUTH

form . Occasionally, however, the maj esty of the law stepped in , as when nine undergraduates were arrested for cleaning out the store of an unpopular bookseller named Parker and were haled t o the

Plymouth court, by which they were eventually

ﬁned $3 50 .

S o n D 22 1 8 President mith resigned ecember , 77 ,

on by reason of ill health , and ﬁnally retired March

’

1 1 8 8 . , 7 During his thirteen years tenure , the college advanced steadily . The faculty increased in

- numbers from seventeen to twenty nine, and the student body reached its largest ﬁgure up to th at time . Under him the Agricultural College and the

S of Thayer chool Civil Engineering were established ,

s s three new buildings were erected , the elective y tem was begun in a limited and cautious use — as the trustees half- aff rightedly put it but still

for begun . A system of alumni nominations trustees

for in was inaugurated , thus paving the way that timate relation between Dartmouth men and the government of their college which is excelled in the case of no other institution .

18 2

THE STORY OF DARTMOUTH

as he believed in himself, and was sincerely devoted to her interests as he saw them .

of In the mellowing process the years , the con t rov ersy that raged about him is now Seen to have been of much less importance in principle than it seemed to the spectators of the drama in the eight ” - ies . It was a thunder storm that cleared the air, dispelled the perfervid heat , and brought the rain f bow o promise for the immediate years to come .

But it naturally seemed very tragic while it lasted . The mutterings prelimina ry to the tempest began to be heard soon after President B artlett entered hi f s o fﬁ . upon term O ce Curiously enough , the small and then comparatively unimportant scientiﬁc

’ school , founded with old Abiel Chandler s ﬁfty thou

- 1 8 1 . sand dollars in 5 , was the storm cloud Presi

a c t em era men dent Bartlett , severe lassicist , was p tally incapable of feeling any liking for this depart ment . He believed that it was living beyond its m t oo eans , that it was getting hifalutin in its curriculum and that it was C sapping the college

’ by hiring the latter s instructors for extra wo rk at

a small pay . He was doubtless j ealous of its ﬁne p

ea ra nce on of p paper, for , with the names the special instructors from the college added to its own , the list in the annual catalogue was more imposing than

of that the college itself. 184 THE MAN OF IRON

Promptly the new president took action . He had the members of the academic faculty withdrawn from their extras in the Chandler School they received two dollars an hour for the work and a long and bitter contest was instituted as to the i Chandler curriculum . The men Of the latter n st it ut ion arose in arms at once ; they thought the president was set upon degrading them and their school . The college faculty was Split into two

one — b camps , y far the larger disliking Doctor Bartlett for his uncompromising style and his per emptory way of c utting off their means of increasing

t o their slender earnings , the other intensely loyal him because of that magnetism that attracted some of his support .

Bitter speeches , unjust charges , ﬁery literature , and pungent pictures soon made Hanover a some what too exciting seat for a college . Naturally, the

- students were uneasy, fractious and ill behaved .

For Ae is the g , the junior illustrated annual , the

’ ’ class of 84 Obtained the services of P uck s greatest artist and printed a full- page colored cartoon of a

- ﬁ ht t dog g , with President Bartlett as the cen ral

o ne t w o ﬁgure, ﬂanked by or faculty supporters , frightfully mauling his adversaries and being bitten w f by them in turn . It a s characteristic o the presi

w ho dent , had a sardonic brand of humor, that he 185 THE STORY OF DARTMOUTH

was not at all outraged by t his masterpiece, pri v a t ely declaring that he could not complain very

c much , sin e he was depicted as the winning dog ,

r l pa ex ce lence.

Naturally, the trustees were distressed at this

of quarrel , which was fast outgrowing the bounds the college . But , though they employed their ablest

a ciﬁ c a t or R and most generally successful p , everend

. D . Alonzo H . Quint , D , to try and bring peace

unsuc to the hostiles , they were for some time l c essfu . The alumni now began to assail the president

o n 1 8 8 1 violently, and April 7 , , the associ ation at

New York vo ted t o ask the trustees to investigate

2 of the civil warfare . On April 9, Sixteen the twenty three resident members of the faculty signed a paper

’ demanding Doctor Bartlett s resignation . They

c declined , however , to make any spe iﬁc charges

o against him , although given pportunity by the

s trustees . The New York alumni were not o cir

ums ec t . c p They formulated , in a style that is now

c seen to have been oarse and needlessly insulting, the following accusations

T e his u o e r . r Fi st hat said Ba tl tt by habit ally ins l nt, discourteous a nd dictatorial manner in ofﬁ ci a l intercou rse with his associate memb ers Of t h e Faculty h a s stiﬂed a ll free and independent dis cussion of college 18 6

THE STORY OF DARTMOUTH

o o serious , the Speciﬁcati ns were inadequate , many f

o f them trivial , nearly half them were withdrawn , and a s a whole unsupp o rted by adequate proof o f any important erro r . The committee do not think that the fo rmal investigation has dis cl o sed

c so any results whi h sustain , far as acts and wo rds f ffi ” o o . go , a claim that there should be a change ce

o f At this rebuff , ﬁfteen hostiles the fa culty ten dered their resignations . The trustees refused t o

. n accept them There was o se c essi o n . Still the outside world believed that the president was under

o r r pressure fr m the trustees to etire , so that in Ap il ,

1 88 2 o t o , the latter th ught it wise announce the following :

To put at rest t h e di sq ui eting rumors th a t h ave b een c rcu a e t o t h e eff ec a t h e T ru s ees es re h e i l t d , t th t t d i t re a on of res en a r e sign ti P id t B tl tt, T Res olved . h a t w e put on reco rd t h e ex p ression of ou r

co nue con enc e in him a s a n a e e c en a dminis nti d ﬁd bl , fﬁ i t

ra or a nd a n a m ra e n ruc or a nd w e e e e a t t , d i bl i st t b li v th t t h e b est i nterests of t h e Coll ege req ui re th a t h e should

on nue in hi c ti s p resent p osition .

e o e T e re of R s lv d . h a t w e b eli eve th at t h e b st i nte sts t h e Coll ege req ui re th a t t h e memb ers of t h e Faculty should c ontinue in thei r p resent positions a nd c ordially

o- o er e e c p at in adva ncing t h e true i nterests of t h e Colleg .

The acut e stage of the quarrel gradually passed away, and the stalwart old president ruled with 18 8 Th e Tower

THE STORY OF DARTMOUTH

of Chapel . Upon ascending the steps the platform

c and ﬁnding the visitor tied to his hair, the president

n was expected to show so me confusion . But co fu sion and he were never intimate . Piercing the rows ” of S ob ophs with his penetrating glance , he “ ' ou served icily Young gentlemen , when y have

o ex er rem ved your brother from the platform , the ” cises will proceed .

w n Such a man was naturally his o dean , proctor,

a r u and private detective . He believed in the g

' mentum a d hominem that consisted of mingling valiantly in a rush and extracting men from the

same by their c o at collars . He was an intimate

of president , who had the habit occasionally materi

’ a lizing in a student s roo m t o c atc h him in s ome

o f particularly Obnoxious devilry . A man iron in an

o iron age . A man who ﬁtted abs lutely the aca f demic landscape o his time . It was he who began

of the early foundations the new Dartmouth , and

though his faults of temperament and style be

- - admitted , the fair minded of to day recognize the

of value his work .

is see D Looking backward , it clear to that the art mouth student of these roaring eighties imbibed i something of the ru gged nature of h s environment .

He was a more self- assertive gentleman than is his

- descendant and champion of college honor to day . 190 THE M AN OF IRON

w s He realized , by some subtle instinct, that he a the ultimate product of the fast disappearing Iron Age

o f H . w a s anover His swagger more genuine , his

contempt for the niceties of the sarto rial science

more profound and consistent . An ulster, concealing who may now sa y what lack o f appa rel under its

not garishly sheltering folds , was merely a help to — morning devotions it also typiﬁed a superb in diﬂ nc ere e to small conventions in the way of dress .

A c elluloid collar was not only an embodied economy e it was also a shining deﬁanc to laundries , their uses and abuses . Whether this inherent opposition to the ﬁner

of w a s o r not diffi things life a disadvantage , , it is cult to say . We now know that it was but tempo

o rary, and most Dartmouth men of that peri d are so satisﬁed to have been a part of those glorious days that not for the great gift of another youth would they lose their memories to become merged in the golden epoch of the present Dartmouth . And they

no t like to think that the iron has passed away, but that it still stands , a ﬁrm and imperishable basis for the ornamentation of the gold .

It is curious t o note that in this seemingly u m promising epoch blossomed a literary garden such as had not been previously known in the College .

More men began to write , and write better, than 19 1 THE STORY OF DARTMOUTH

o . S ever bef re ome of their work was , naturally, imitative ; some was strongly original ; but all of it w a s an honest and refreshing departure from the

o - of p nderous , pseudo classical bombast preceding years .

Several elements , apart from the natural bent of men who happened to come to Dartmouth at that time, were responsible for this awakening . The

of S inﬂuence Arthur herburne Hardy, then pro f essor of o m athematics , who had j ust leaped int fame with his But Yet A Woman was potent .

The inspiring work of the lamented Charles F .

R of ichardson , professor English literature, was

D rtmouth becoming more and more fruitful . The a Litera ry M onthly came into being and furnished a sympathetic outlet for the product of aspiring authors . The whole atmosphere seemed suddenly charged with the impulse to write .

of R c Perhaps the genius i hard Hovey , who wove his spell about the an c ient halls and the more ancient hills and dales of Hanover in the early eighties was the mo st powerful incentive to serious literary attempts by many of his confreres . His personality h ad an amazing appeal . The writer of this Story thus set d own his recollections of the poet a s a

Da rtmo th a a ine of 1 0 student for the u M g z June , 9 5 “ It was on a beautiful and balmy evening in 192

THE STORY OF DARTMOUTH

- deposited not over gently on the turf . As I paused fo r a moment to reconnoitre, I heard in a most melodious and eloquent voice this adj uration ! Up , boy, and at them

S of uch a command , a sort cross between the genial request of old Horace for more Falernian and

of w a s in the order a French marshal to his troops , i t erest n . so To g The man who made it w a s more . my young fancy he seemed Alcibiades turned cowboy .

He wore a dark blue ﬂannel shirt , fastened at the neck with a great , black bow, and his remarkably handso me head and face were set Off by a grey felt

- hat with a ﬂ aring , bandit like brim . Tweed trou

imma cu sers were tucked into long riding boots , f lately polished . Surely the groves o the academy

t o o as President Lord used to delight call Dartm uth ,

c . had never seen su h a ﬁgure before , I thought But

R for I was wrong . They had seen ichard Hovey

now two years , and he was a Junior, urging unin

Spired Freshmen into the fray . We soon came t o know that Hovey was a man

no . c like other He was eccentri , bizarre perhaps , but he stood for the beginning of the literary re

t o naissance at Dartmouth , that was make the

’ ’ 8 to o period from 3 93 , appr ximately, somewhat noteworthy in the history of the College . As he became in after years by far the greatest poet that 194 THE MAN OF IRON

so Dartmouth has produced , was he in his Hanover days by far the most essentially poetic and fasci nating personality that ever dreamed away the

- l spring time under the o d trees . There were those w ho believed him mildly insane ; sage townsmen , from behind the safe ramparts of their prosaic counters , would tap their foreheads after he had left their stores with a j est they could not under stand and a bit of the blossoming of a thought that mu st have seemed to them miles away in the skies .

t o Afterward they came know the truth and were , t o of i a man , proud their acquaintance with S r ’ Richard . The College love that always thrilled the warm heart and the great brain o f the man was a notable

of . of emotion his student days First all , I think , came the beauty of the region that encircles our

D artmouth . Four years of intimate acquaintance with the hills and valleys , the forests and ledges roundabout implanted within him a passionate aff ection that never cooled . He was an inveterate f wanderer, and his wooing o nature did not always please that j ealous mistress , the College corporate . But in the end it did more to reﬂect glory upon Dartmouth than anything of perfection he could ” have attained in any of his classrooms .

In B - the artlett period , the long continued pres 195 THE STORY OF DARTMOUTH sure from the alumni for genuine represent ation in the board o f trustees came t o a focus and w on a great victory . The sons of the college were dis satisfied with the compromise Of 1 876 by which the trustees had agreed that the next three vacancies in the board were to be filled by alumni nomination , and that from the first four names certified by the alumni the trustees ordinarily and , in all proba b ilit y , invariably would elect a man . This plan did not provide for c ontinued and intimate repre sent a t ion , as the three were elected for life . The alumni insisted upon short terms for men elected w absolutely by their O n votes .

There was some n otion Of obtaining an increase

of of in the number trustees by act legislature, but the spectre of the great Case was still t oo dis co u ra in fo r g g that experiment , since the charter said in English that c ould hardly be mistaken “ The whole number of said Tru stees consisting and hereafter forever t o consist o f Twelve and no

’ more . An act enlarging the board to seventeen

o n members was , indeed , passed , but conditioned

w s its acceptance by the trustees , which a never voted .

of After a lively campaign debates , addresses , resolutions , and letters , the alumni at the Com menc ement of 1 89 1 came t o an agreement with t he 196

THE STORY OF DARTMOUTH

the library has been enlarged from to volumes ; and the friends of the College have con — tributed t o its funds including that given for lands and buildings — over and during this period all the funds of the College have been scrupulously kept t o the purposes for which they were given . f ld The alert , sinewy ﬁgure o the rugged o man was

for six familiar in Hanover years more . Often it w a s o n - mounted a bicycle, which the ex president

rode gallantly and well up to his eightieth year .

- Occasionally it was seen in the lecture room , where

the keen intellect , unclouded always , revelled in presenting to the students its orthodox conceptions

of the relation of the Bible to science and history . Even in the mellower sunshine of the New Dart

mouth this strong character w a s found ﬁghting to the end with the ancient sword of Gideon for a faith

w a s that wearing away .

198 CHAPTER XII

TH E GREAT AWA K ENING

HERE have been three Great Awakenings

having to do with Dartmouth College . The — ﬁrst, pre natal , but with strong inﬂuence upon the academic child , was the Great Awakening that

’ George Whit eﬁ eld s revivalistic ﬁreworks brought

’ to the arousing of men s consciences in the New England colonies of the middle of the eighteenth century . In this work Whiteﬁeld and Eleazar

‘ Wheelock came together ; without it Occom and

t o Whitaker might never have been sent England , and certainly could not so successfully have reached

of the seats and pockets the mighty, had they gone at all .

of 1 8 1 The Great Awakening July, 5 , already referred to as the most dreadful concatenation of ear- piercing and nerve- racking sounds from inst ru

of ments torture ever known in Hanover, was a manifestation of youthful wrath at what w a s con c eiv ed t o be faculty tyr anny, and is worth this paragraph only becau se of the grim j oc osity of its s igniﬁ cant name . 199 THE STORY OF DARTMOUTH

” The third Great Awakening for the college

of was the administration President Tucker . It came without pomp of declaration , without sound of trumpets , without hint of ﬁre and sword . But

out of in and the college, men soon knew that it had arrived .

When President B artlett gave the trustees the opportunity of saying complimentary things about hifn and with sincerity he also gave them t he

one way , as it seemed , to name the who was even then most in Dartmouth men ’ s hearts as he who R should come to the succession . everend William

’ 6 1 - Jewett Tucker, , had been a wise, far seeing , brilliant trustee since 1 878 . He had won fame as a sound , forceful , fascinating preacher . He , too , was urban , as all the presidents since Nath an Lord have

o now been . As professor of sacred rhet ric at the

o S Andover Theol gical eminary , he was leading the

ﬁght on the famous old Hill for the Andover movement ﬁnding time also to establish Andover

S one of House , now outh End House, the early social settlements in the city of Boston . The charm

o of of his pers nality, the prophetic quality his f wisdom , and the intensity o his interest in and

of o t knowledge Dartm uth made him h e candidate, 200

THE STORY OF DARTMOUTH

serene . Doctor Tucker never made this mistake ;

- s he throve under good will , but by constantly t ri ving to be more worthy of it , not content to m bask in its genial co fort , as he might have done

so f indeﬁnitely , uncommon was the power o his personality . It was but a little while after the inauguration of

. on 28 President Tucker , which was happily June , “

1 8 . Im 93 , that, the Great Awakening began mediately, as if by some widespread instinct that a

w a s new force about to transform the college, the size of the entering classes increased . Freshmen outbulked and out- cheered sophomores in quick

8 - succession . In 1 93 the sheepskin takers numbered

- of sixty nine . In September the s ame year one hundred and twenty men entered college . In four

- years the senior output was ninety three men , and

- in ten years one hundred and thirty ﬁv e. Students poured into Hanover in a fashion that amazed the

’ ancients a nd put the trustees at their wits end to

ﬁnd lodgments for the newcomers . D o rmitories were a prime necessity, and , as the president and trustees were set against any private exploitation of

- w dwelling places for students , ith power to conduct

out of them taken their hands , the college had to

. d build them This it began to o , not as a philan t hropy but as a business- like investment of funds in 202 THE GREAT AWAKENING hand a policy that has continued to govern and has proven highly satisfactory .

old As a preliminary step , the dormitories , which in 1 893 co uld accommodate about two hundred S students in excessively partan fashion , were made a little more habitable . A magniﬁcent water supply system , by which water was brought from a little l artiﬁcial lake high among the hil s to the east, put 1 the archaic pumps out of commission and made bathrooms and running water possible in the build

of ings . Then came the remodelling Bully

’ S t o anborn s house , giving rooms ﬁfty, and soon

of D after that octor Dixie Crosby , providing for

- fift y fi v e more . Still the increasing numbers hammered at the R . of gates ichardson Hall , the pioneer the fine

o modern d rmitories , was the answer , and again

- ﬁ . ﬁft y v e students were given quarters . Not enough

a erw eat h er Row Then followed , about yearly, the F y ,

of f or - ﬁv e back D artmouth , giving rooms eighty ;

of Wheeler, beautifully situ ated a little north the

- chapel , accommodating ninety eight ; Hubbard ,

- holding forty eight ; Massachusetts , with quarters

1 art Th ese a ppliances proba bly ha d their own advanta ges . A D mout h ma n who a ft erward did grea t things as an a ma t eur oarsman a lways ma int a ined t ha t his devot ion t o wa t er a nd th e nec essit y of

! get ting it from th e ca mpus pump for four y ea rs was responsible for his muscular de e o m v l p ent . 203 THE STORY OF DARTMOUTH

- i for eighty eight , and New Hampsh re , housing one hundred and seven . Thus in fourteen years sprang up fourteen dormi

of tories , mostly handsome brick construction and adding to the capacity of D artmouth places for seven hundred students . In all this extraordinary

- of development , the seer like wisdom President — Tucker showed unmistakably . He advised and the trustees unhesitatingly decreed — that even in the ﬁnest dormitories small and inexpensive roo ms

o so sh uld be interspersed with luxurious suites , that ri c h and poor should be fo rever housed together . Dartmouth h as no Gold Coast she never will

n Sh e o e . have furnishes ﬁne quarters for ﬁne birds , t if they care to pay for them , but she insis s that their

F r next door neighbors be of plainer feather . o kindred reasons , classes are not permitted to hold

any particular dormito ries en masse.

Another pleasant adj unct to democracy, though , it is said to have lost something Of its centralizing

of power of late , was College Hall , built at a cost o ne hundred and twenty thousand dollars in 1 900 .

This was , and still is , the house of the college com

- - mons , and in the ﬁne , oak raftered dining hall some four hundred students stow away their provender two or three times daily with more o r less speed and

of t h e t ra dit io nal with perhaps more than less , and 204

THE GREAT AWAKENING

l inevitable grumbling at college fare . A a carte now

o rules , after unsatisfactory trials f a ﬁxed price per week and of a mingling of both systems . In the basement a grill ” caters to the more irregular

’ eaters and thrives o n some men s indispositi o n to

’ r quit their beds in time fo the c ommons breakfast . A huge room in this building was ﬁtted up in

o c club style , while the br ad , bri ked veranda in

o o o fr nt , d minating the most conspicu us corner in

m o out Hanover , was i mediately made p pular as an — ‘ ” of doo r lounge . It has parted with much of this distinction by reaso n of the great in c rease in well equipped fraternity houses of late ; but it is still a valu able asset to the co llege and to the men in it .

A few troubleso me legacies c ame down from the

Bartlett era t o engage President Tucker . One was the prime ca sus b elli Of the preceding administra

o o of S c ol ti n , the relati n the Chandler chool to the

of lege . Instead warring with the school , President

Tucker simply had it absorbed by the college it

c self, and all ause for rivalry and hard feeling at onc e disappeared . The two faculties were united , and the student b ody henceforth appeared as o ne .

Ano ther question to be settled was the kind o f

ﬁnancial policy that should be pursued . The col lege was heavily in debt when President Tucker

nd . arrived a was clearly drifting , ﬁnancially Doctor 205 THE STORY OF DARTMOUTH

Tucker remade it in that respect . Gifts and b e quests he did not despise magniﬁcent ones were made during his administration , largely because of — him but he held that the business side of the n d ﬂ t i college must be moder a n e ec v e. Reconstruction with a view to expansion was

’ the president s idea of the making Of the new Dart

in mouth . He held that no better way c ould the funds Of the college be invested than in the things the college needed . From that principle arose the — great dormitories , the Splendid water supply sys tem ; an enormous central heating plant that sends steam through nearly t w o miles Of underground pipes to all the buildings around the campus , in the

c - park , and to the gymnasium ; an electri lighting m plant that illuminates all the buildings , and a co prehensive sewerage system that takes the place of the ancient unsanitary and dangerous appliances

of . that can be spoken , even now, only in whispers

o All these things cost money, but as they als saved

. S money , they were productive investments ome

’ of them actu ally brought in a proﬁt revenue . When

President Tucker wanted a thing , the wherewithal t o get that thing was always forthcoming . The spirit of the alumni toward this extraordinary administration was one of admirable loyalty and generosity . More than once was the latter quality 206

THE STORY OF DARTMOUTH

book proof. For a long time the Bissell Gymnasium ” o f or had been but a poor ap logy a gym , the d eserved butt of sarcasm from Hanoverians and the

outside philistines alike . It was seen that Dart

not mouth , with all its growth , could take her pla c e

of in many branches athletics , handicapped by su c h

a travesty of an indoor plant . Fro m Professor John

W . Bowler , physical director and trainer, came the

suggesti o n that the Men of Dartmouth be asked ” to give a new gym . A committee of alumni went

t o D work with characteristic artmouth vigor, and in 1 909 work was begun o n what is at this time the

e o largest and ﬁn st gymnasium in the w rld , built at

n a cost of o e hundred and ninety thousand dollars . Some handsome individual gifts also made thi s fruitful era of The Great Awakening still more

’ R B t t ﬁ ld K o . u er e n table Doctor alph , 3 9, of ansas

one o —o ne dol City , left hundred and f rty thousand

c o o f lars to the llege , most which was spent in erect

But t ﬁ ld o f ing er e Hall as a museum natural history ,

arc haeology and ethn ology . In 1 897 Mr . C . T .

W of c one ilder, Ol ott , Vermont , gave hundred and

c nine thousand dollars , which resulted in the physi al

- laboratory named Wilder Hall . Later this gentle

- man gave seventy ﬁv e thousand dollars more . The

Fa rw a t h er y e e bequest resulted , after long litigation ,

in for the college . 208 THE GREAT AWAKENING

o r of fo r The largest benefactions Of this , all times ,

of Dartmouth , came from Edward Tuck , the class

f 1 862 . o , a millionaire banker long resident in Paris

In 1 899 he told President Tu c ker that he wished t o

of c establish some memorial his father, Amos Tu k ,

’ 3 5, and that he had securities then worth some three hundred thousand dollars with him as a foun

o Do o dation . In making this gift Mr . Tuck t ld ct r Tucker that it was my expectation that the pres ent and future Trustees will apply a portio n o f the

income to the in c rease of existing salaries whenever

o f the best interests the College demand it , and a portion of the salaries of additional profess o rships which may in the future be established in the College

proper or in post- graduate departments,should such

be added at any time to the regular c ollege co urse . In a few years the securities so grew in value that

’ they were worth half a million dollars . Pro fessors salaries were increased by two hundred dollars and

o o n r s me money was spent the libra y, but still the

greater part of the income was u nexpended . In the

of year the gift , President Tucker formulated a plan

for a graduate school of preparation for the careers

o f . business , banking , and foreign commerce This

he would c all the Amo s Tuck Sc hool of Administ ra

o tion and Finance . He sent details of the propositi n

’ t o Paris and asked Mr . Tu ck s permission for this 209 THE STORY OF DARTMOUTH

use of the fund . So delighted was the banker that he employed the cable to carry back to Hanover his swift amen A little later he gave one hundred and thirty- ﬁv e thousand dollars for a building as the h o me of the institution . Thus arose the Tuck

c ol School , ﬁrst of its kind among the American leges and remarkably successful in ﬁtting men for life outside the ancient professions . What it pur poses to do in its two- year course is thus officially set forth

Th e Tuc k Sc hool aims t o meet both t h e inc reasing demand of b usi ness men for more efficient s ervice a nd t h e i nc reasing demand of young men about t o enter b usiness for training that will enable th em t o n o o realize more rapid adva c ement . It aims t a cc m plish this by making it p ossible for young men t o b egin business c a reers with t h e advanta ges that accompany a

c e e - orme m n e er o e e dis iplin d and w ll inf d i d, a g n al kn wl dg of u e co o me o a nd ec o b sin ss nditi ns and th ds , a sp ial kn wl edge of c ertain b ranches of b usiness whi ch have b ecome

e sp c ialized . Th e Sc hool does not p resume t o c reate t h e genius for busines s ; it aims in this resp ect t o assist t h e young ma n t o discover f or himself and combine i nto a n eff ective work ing forc e such elements of b usi ness ability a s h e ma y

oe not e me t o m e of it s u en men poss ess . It d s p r su ak st d ts of mature business j udgment ; in this resp ect it aims t o eq uip it s graduates with those powers of analysis a nd interp retation nec essa ry t o t h e development of sound oe not re ume j udgment in b usiness exp eri ence . It d s p s 210

THE GREAT AWAKENING t o create ex p erts in any particula r line of b usiness ; it

oe a im o e er for m r c e of u e t o d s , h w v , any b an h s b sin ss, a cquaint it s students with those rudiments of ex p ert knowledge familiarity with wh i c h makes the further

o of ex er o e re e e acquisiti n p t kn wl dge lativ ly asy . The Sc hool does not ex p end it s energy teac hing those details of b usiness whic h c a n b e l ea rned most quic kly

e ec e in er ex er ence is t he u r o e and ff tiv ly lat p i ; it p p s ,

o e er t o e e o for t h e u e or x ce o h w v , d v l p b sin ss w ld an e pti nal grade of raw material posses sing the ability t o recognize t he signiﬁ cance of routine details in th ei r relation t o the organization and administration of a b usiness inst it u tion .

’ muniﬁ n But Mr . Tuck s c e c e did not stop at that

1 0 l point . In 1 9 he gave ﬁve hundred thousand do

t o lars more to the college , the income be u sed for

the laudable and much- needed purpose o f increasing

the salaries of the faculty . He has recently supplied the money for the building of the beautiful new road through the glens and woods of the Hitchcock estate t o a point near the old wooden bridge over the

Connecticut . He has given to other needs as occa

sion has arisen , so that his total contributions to the advancement of his college have been more than o ne million two hundred thousand dollars . Another gift of large importance in this golden era was the beautiful and commodious administra r tion building , Pa khurst Hall , presented by Lewis

’

8 . Parkhurst , 7 , and Mrs Parkhurst as a memorial 21 1 THE STORY OF DARTMOUTH

o n to their s , Wilder Lewis Parkhurst, who died at f the beginning o his sophomore year in Dartmouth . In this ﬁne structure are rooms for the president

for and the tru stees , and ofﬁces the treasurer, the business director, the dean , the registrar, the medi

of cal director, the superintendent buildings , and

o the audito r . A rear extensi n provides a most ar t i t i m s c faculty roo in mediaeval , raftered style and with o pposing rows of ben c hes that suggest a small

u no parliament and that wo ld have been used , doubt , as government and opposition seats , had it

’ existed in President Bartlett s time . Such forensic tilts as now o ccur there are warranted sound and kind . Two festal occasions in Doctor Tucker ’ s time “ brought the old Grads back to Hanover in unusual numbers and in especially jovial mood .

1 0 1 The ﬁrst , in September , 9 , was the centennial of of the graduation Daniel Webster, at which time, the corner- stone of Webster Hall was laid by Lewis

of - Addison Armistead, Boston , a great grandson of the statesman . In the college church a remarkably penetrating and thoughtful oration w a s delivered ll ’ S . M c Ca by amuel W , 74, of Massachusetts , and at the formal banquet which closed the celebration

and Opened the new dining- hall in College

after- din ner speeches were made by such masters 212

THE STORY OF DARTMOUTH

and there were no excesses , as there would have been ,

o f as a matter course, a generation before .

’ By far the most interesting of all D artmouth s special occasions was the celebration incident t o the

laying of the ' corner- stone of the new Dartmouth

1 r t h Hall in October , 904. Fo this event e college w a s of peculiarly fortunate , as a matter sentiment ,

of of of in the presence the Earl D artmouth , sixth — the title and great- great grandson of the nobleman

w ho befriended Samson Oc com and Nathaniel

Whitaker to such ﬁnancial advantage in 1 766 . The

Earl , the Countess and their daughter, Lady Doro

thy Legge, were given a reception by the students ‘ ld that astonished and delighted them . The o — — Wah Hoo Wah cheer was roared forth for their

or delectation upon every possible occasion , with

s without excu se . Their keen amusement at this e sent ially American bit of academic enthusiasm w a s

apparent . On the night of the ﬁrst day a series of tableaux illustrating variou s events in the history of the col lege was given on a large stage before the grand

of stand Alumni Oval . Here again sentiment was

t o for S Occom o f admirably wedded art, the amson the living pictures was Charles A . Eastman , the

Indian alumnu s of 1 887 . The scenes in detail vvere : 214 THE GREAT AWAKENIN G

1 W ee oc rece S m on Occom e o ( ) h l k iving a s at L ban n,

o nec cu Decem r 6 1 2 Occom re c C n ti t, be , 743 ; ( ) p a hing ’ Whit eﬁ eld s er c o o r mee in Tab na le, L nd n ; (3 ) Fi st ting of ru ee W m er Kee m re T st s at y an Tav n, ne, New Ha pshi , ’ Oc o er 1 2 1 0 W ee oc his m a t Han t b , 77 ; (4) h l k and fa ily o r t en e r er or ve , (a) littl Indians , (b) p ay s in the f est ;

r omm c me D mou t ub (5) The ﬁ st C en e nt at art th , (a) ” c 00 o of New E ru m o er or s ene, 5 gall ns ngland , (b) G v n ’ Went w ort h s visit ; (6) Return of Captain J ohn Wh ee ’ loc k and his company after B urgo yne s surrender; (7) Defence o f the lib ra ries against t h e university p rofessors ; (8) Daniel Webster pleading the college case at Washing

t on .

On the morning of the twenty- sixth a great crowd in the church heard a brilliant historical address , The Origins of D artmouth College by Reverend

. D . Francis Brown , D , and saw Lord Dartmouth receive the honorary degree of LL D . In the after n a oon , which was stormy, portion of the exercises

w a s . again held in the church , where Charles F

’ 8 2 Mathewson , , gave a brief, but pungent address , and Lord Dartmouth made a perfectly expressed little speech of appreciation for the reception of himself and his family . The procession then moved

’ to Eleazar Wheelock s grave , and over that plain old box of stone President Tucker spoke a few words in his always inspiring manner . A few moments later at the gaunt and ruined foundations of the old Dartmouth Hall , the earl with a silver trowel 215 THE STORY OF DARTMOUTH

pressed the mortar in place on the corner- stone of

o f the new And now, in the name the Father,

Son - and Holy Ghost , I declare this corner stone well

l r t t t t and duly laid . F o ea e ha ec nos ra domus es o

r t p e p e ua he said . A gallant peal from the chapel bells mercifully drowned out the mutterings of the

’ assemblage s endeavors t o turn the strange language

into working English .

At the inevitable dinner , held in College Hall , f there was an unusual amount o good talk . Hon orab le R of Elihu oot , President Eliot Harvard , Presi

of dent Tyler William and Mary , Honorable Charles

c T . Gallagher , Governor Ba helder, Doctor Charles

A . Eastman and Lord Dartmouth were the speakers . President Tucker was at his best as master of the toasts . The earl , to those who had not known his

o English reputati n , was a blithesome surprise as a wit on this occasi o n . In all the marvelous material advance o f Presi

’ of eﬂi dent Tucker s administration , the problem

on ciency in scholarship was not neglected . For e

of thing , the loose system electives that had let men browse around in totally disconnected ﬁelds

so— was tightened very considerably . A called

1 02 group system was adopted in 9 , both as to requirements for entrance to the college and as to

t o . For subj ect matter be studied , once within it 216

THE STORY OF DARTMOUTH of the po ssibilities of D artmouth and of the hopes f o all her sons , but it brought its penalties to the man from whose brain and heart it had proceeded . In 1 907 President Tucker found that his physical condition made rest imperative . He had labored without stint and almost single- handed upon aca demic , ﬁnancial , and administrative problems . He

o in had traveled the c untry over many times , the

’ Spiring evangel of Dartmouth s message t o the world . He had transformed D artmouth from a small New Hampshire institution to a n ational col

of lege . He had seen the number undergraduate students rise from 3 1 5 t o and the total college enrolment from 43 1 to He had increased the

- - resident faculty from twenty seven to eighty four, and the whole number of college Officers from forty two to one hundred and seven . He had enlarged

t o - fiv e the plant from fifteen buildings thirty , ex clusiv e of many ho uses in the village built or bought for faculty residences . He had b ea ut ifi ed and improved the college settle

ment t o an astonishing degree . He had enlarged the invested funds by nearly two million dollars and

the value of the plant by nearly a million and a half .

And he had created among the alumni , always no

of tably loyal , a new spirit uniﬁcation , of sacriﬁce, of intense devotion to and pride in the college that 218 THE GREAT AWAKENING

Dartmouth men believe has no counterpart any where . But the price of this great service was loss o f

1 0 health , and in March , 9 7, Doctor Tucker pre sented his resignation to the trustees , consenting,

t o however, remain , with lessened duties , until a successor could be found . No one available appear ing within two years , the president was imperative that his resignation be accepted .

1 0 Fox In June, 9 9 , the trustees chose Ernest

Nichols , a distinguished investigator in experimental physics , whose work was known to both hemi D s . pheres , as president octor Nichols was then a professor in Columbia , but he knew Dartmouth

of well , having Occupied the chair physics in the college from 1 898 to 1 903 . Doctor Nichols was inducted into office October

1 0 1 0 , 9 9 , in Webster Hall , and for the ﬁrst time a Dartmouth inauguration became an event of n a t ion l a academic importance . Delegates from ninety

ﬁv e r o o f unive sities , colleges , and ther institutions

saw learning , the new president receive the ancient

’ charter , once held so ﬁrmly in Eleazar Wheelock s a gr sp , and the Governor John Wentworth silver

- of punch bowl fragrant memory, but departed l glory . Never had the o d town even dreamed of

c a s such a riot of color , su h a human kaleidoscope , 219 THE STORY OF DARTMOUTH wound and swayed across the campus with the processio n of learned gentlemen wearing their

’ doctors caps , gowns , and hoods . To the small boys of o o Hanover, it was a revelati n of the utm st glories to which ﬁnite beings might attain ; to the men of Dartmouth it was a testimony of the new rank to which the Great Awakening ” had brought their

’ ” o o college, the world s gr wing c nception , as Woodrow Wilson put it in speaking of Doctor “ of of Tucker, what the character and power a ” single man can do .

S of On this occasion , Presidents churman , Cor

o f of nell ; Van Hise , the University Wisconsin ;

of of of o Finley, the College the City New Y rk ;

of Hyde , of Bowdoin ; Buckham , Of the University

of of Vermont ; Faunce , Brown ; Butler, Columbia ;

of of of Wilson , Princeton ; Hadley, Yale ; Lowell ,

o — Harvard , and Eli t, emeritus ; Angell , ex President of Michigan ; Docto r Tucker and Governor Quinby R were made Doctors of Law . arely had any plat form bo rne so distinguished a company of men . It is interesting to recall now the words of Do ctor

Nichols in presenting o ne of the degrees : Woodrow

ls of Wi on , lawyer , historian , student politics , man ” f of o great strength purpose .

The years are slipping away since that day, also made notable by the laying of the corner- stone of 220

CHAPTER XIII

TH E OLD TRADITION S

M en of D r mou set c a t th , a wat h Lest t he old traditions fail !

O wrote the laureate of the college out of the in f spiration o his great love for Dartmouth . We know and he knew that some of the old traditions ought to have failed ; as they have . But his mean ing no Dartmouth man mis ses All colleges have their peculiar traditions ; even the younger are rapidly making them from cust'oms f that , because o the constantly shifting population

f . o students , seem ancient in a few years It is very noticeable that what a class begins to do Often

t o b seems have een done always ; and , conversely, that it not seldom believes it has originated some i s . custom that really hoary with age It is , therefore,

fi t o dif cult place a college tradition , to give it accu rate age or even any dignity . But Dartmouth has a varied and interesting store

of house traditions , which deserve the name because 222 THE OLD TRADITIONS

of their very disappearance into obscurity . Such

is the tradition of the Old Pine . It was a pleasant tale that came down from t h e past how the red skin graduates of the days when the whole curricu lum was ﬁve hundred gallons of New England rum

were accustomed , at Commencement , to smoke their

peace pipes or dance around the lo rdly trunk of the tree that dominated the hill behind the college for

so many years . The tradition was ﬁt enough to be

true, and perhaps it was . Doctor J . W . Barstow, ’ 6 of n t 4 , says the Old Pine that its worship did o begin until 1 848 o r The ﬁrst recorded exercise

w a s 1 8 around the tree at Class Day in 54, when the graduates , sitting about the base , heard an oration h and a poem . From that day until t e fall of the

old 1 8 lhsse splendid monarch in 95, graduating c s

smoked the ﬁnal pipe around the tree , dashing their

clays against its trunk as a parting tribute . The

it s custom is continued at stump , which is carefully

preserved . F a gging is a tradition that has had the curiou s

of of fate at Hanover having long existed , having

of o . died , and then having a resurrecti n This form o f servitude was regularly recognized in the old

of 1 code college rules of 799 , freshmen being ordered to fetch and carry for all the Senior classes w ho ” have themselves served a freshmanship . But the 223 THE STORY OF DARTMOUTH

freshmen made their services obnoxiou s by the easy means of doing everything with an assumed

e t o sh O density, such as , wh n ordered go to a p

c with a dollar for pipes and toba co, returning

’ with ninety- nine pipes and a c ent 3 worth of t f tobacco . In 1 796 a new se o college rules ordered that freshmen be excused from going on errands if they wished .

For years thereafter fagging was never heard o f .

It has recently returned in a genial sort of style , and freshmen today beat the rugs and set up the furni ture of sopho mores in good- natured acceptance Of a

system that they realize will wo rk to their a dv a n

. S c tage a year later till , it is interesting to onj ecture what would have happened in the roaring eight ies had a Soph ordered a Freshie to beat

his carpet . A ﬁght would have been needed to en force the ultimatum . Nor would there have been

any peaceable submission , as there seems to be to day , to the edict that freshmen must wear a dis “ t inct iv e cap as his badge of servitude and his ” emblem of meekness . Manifestly the relatio ns between the two lower

classes have lost the feroc ity o f more ancient times .

And there is no doubt that one of the prime reasons

— c for this is the disappearance of the cane rush , whi h

died as a genuine function in the middle eighties . 224

THE STORY OF DARTMOUTH

D in those days . iscipline and the so lidarity of a

’ yea r s acquaintance proved t oo much for untrained strength . In less than ﬁfteen minutes , however, the freshmen , revived , bathed and clothed , were strutting across the campus , each sporting some

n sort of cane . The right to carry o e had been strenuously earned .

Gone with the cane- rush is Freshmen beer and gone for the good of the college . This tradi t ional entertainment was supposed to be the joyous compliment of the j ust- entered class t o the others above it a tribute to the powers that were for

o all wing freshmen t o exist . The malt refreshment w a s usually brought up from down river in a c o uple of huge barrels and in some way hoisted into

Bed- bug Alley the longitudinal hallway on the ld o . third ﬂoor of Dartmouth There, a barrel horsed

o of up at either end , the bibulous p rtion the college would make a night of it , swilling the dreadful brew until nature rebelled , faithfully believing that the occasion was an enjoyable one and that freshman honor had been gallantly maintained . Greater discretion ﬁnally cau sed the ab andonment of the o rgy ; if beer is not wholly unknown at Hanover — t o s . day, it is certainly more sen ibly distributed

The college cheer the res o unding Wah- Hoo

—Ho — D — - - Wah ; Wah o Wah ; a di di Dartmouth , Wah 226 THE OLD TRADITIONS — Hoo- —r- r- r t - Wah , Tige is o day traditional ;

on yet it is not ancient, unless e may believe that ’ Eleazar s aborigines approximated t o it in moments

- o f ﬁre watered enthusiasm . Colder history records w R a s f . that it the invention o Daniel A ollins , of the class of 1 879 . He was a genius for uniting the

Indian ﬂavor of a yell with sonorous power . No college has anything like it in ﬁtness of sentiment as

. of applied to origins Unfortunately, late years the c heer has been all but ruined and certainly made unintelligible by an over- increased speed in giving it . It has lost its swing , its power , and its meaning , and h a s become a mere j umble of barks . We may

of of hope , however , that the spirit artistic ﬁtness

now things , which is coming upon the new Dart

of mouth , may yet summon back the Indian ghost — — old Wah Hoo Wah and return him to his place at the head of all college cheers . Another supremely picturesque feature of Dart-J mouth student life of thirty years ago , whose pass ing is recalled with regret , was the ceremony of obsequies over mathematics . In its ﬁrst form this w a s a burial , and its general nature may best be

f 1 8 2 s learned from a programme o 7 , i sued by the sophomore class , whose function it was to inter the hated b ooks at the end of their enforced acquaint ance with them . 227 THE STORY OF DARTMOUTH

IN HISTORIAM

FU N ERA L OBS EQU I E S OF

I MATT H EW M A T c s .

This p recious c hild w a s launched upon a frowning and unapp rec iative humanity Septem

8 0 er r e b ut r b er 1 st A . D . 1 7 , and aft a b i f b illiant m c reer c me t o un e end 6t h A . D . a a an ti ly May ,

1 872 .

SIT TI BI TERRA L EV I S Th e p rocession will form in front of the f 1 0 P . M u er t h e u er o o Chap el at . and nd s p visi n t h e Ma rshal will accompany t he remains t o their ﬁnal resting- place in t h e followi ng o rder

1 . Band .

u r of r. 11. G a d Hono III e rer o n r. . Pall B a s supp rti g t h e bie

IV. e Near r latives .

ORD ER OF EX ERCIS E S

— — z oo o e s. Oration Theme X Samuel L . P w r

M U SI C .

Poem Th e functions of

a e. Mathemati cs Henry F . Ch s 228

THE STORY OF DARTMOUTH

of into the ﬂames with yells exultation , and a wild

hand- in- hand dance celebrated their ﬁnal con

sumption . This wonderfully picturesque custom

has its modern counterpart in the cremation of freshman caps at the close of a ﬁrst class year in c ollege ; but it lacks the decorative features of the older function . One of t he most pleasing of the ancient Hano v eria n of customs , because it reveals sentiment a

of S rare and compelling kind , is that inging out the Seniors the week before Commencement .

For this parting God- speed to the men about to go

h e a into t world , the whole college gathers in ch pel for the last exercise for the year in that place . The

simplicity of it all is most impressive . There is a

scripture reading , a prayer, an anthem by the cho ir and then the singing by the seniors of the

- time honored hymn , beginning

Co me let us anew ou r j ou rney pursue ;

Ro roun t h e ea r ll d with y ,

And never stand still till t h e Master a ppear.

The age of this solemn observan c e is unknown . A member o f the class of 1 846 says that it was

1 8 in vogue in 43 , as long established and recog i n zed .

Of less antiquity, but now a genuine tradition , is 23 0 THE OLD TRADITIONS

the senior Wet- Down which takes the form of a great barrel of lemonade set up on the campus — ” S . c after the ing Out Of this harmless oncoction , which custom rigidly requires to be without a

stick the seniors and j uniors are given to drink ,

while the sophomores and freshmen struggle t o

tip the barrel over in derision of it s mildness . All this may seem rather childish and unsophisticated

of to the clubman the city college, but at Dart “ ” mouth the old traditions give vitality and

virility to many a naive custom , because it is still remembered that there were mighty men o f old who were not ashamed t o love and perpetuate

them .

o Commencements as a whole, h wever, have vastly improved in decorum and taste in ﬁfty

c irc u sin o f years , mainly because the g the annu al “ event for the outside world has l o ng ceased It ” is now almost Commencement , wrote a student “ t o his brother in 1 8 24. Three days more will bring us to that day , when the devil reigns pre dominant ” Lord observes that “ in the height of of its glory, and within the memory the Older

alumni , this occasion combined with the genuine

and reﬁned pleasures of a great literary gathering all the external attractions appropriate to a fair or

die f a general muster of the Olden time . The : o 23 1 THE STORY OF DARTMOUTH preparation for these began with the break of day o n Monday by the construction Of booths in c h oice spots about the southwestern corner of the Green . During that day and the next every public con v ey a nc e brought its contribution till all the houses of the village, both public and private, were ﬁlled with guests . On the morning of Wednesday all approaches to the village were crowded with vehicles of every description , and numerous foot passengers as well , all hurrying in to see the fun . By this time every available Spot along the southern extremity of the

o o o f square w uld be occupied with a bo th a trader, and , as the day passed , travelling adventurers swarmed in with their carts and bivouacked o n the spot . The night that followed was enlivened with their lamps and the buzz of preparation , and some

of times with the persuasions the students , who , not relishing their presence , attempted to induce

o them to depart . The surrounding c untry was

c emptied into Hanover . Instan es are not wanting o f perso ns who have attended ﬁfty consecutive

Co mmencements .

r c The peddle s , the au tioneers , the j ugglers and the shows with their attendant throngs would spread far up toward the meeting house, and with

o the cider, the strong beer penly sold , and the 23 2

THE STORY OF DARTMOUTH

t o not esthetic . A visitor the same Commencement “ ’ wrote : At nine o clock in the evening we went up to the assembly rooms in the new College (Reed Hall) where the graduating class held their select

Levee . It was very tastefully decorated and the table most magniﬁcently spread . We had peaches , apricots , grapes , oranges , raisins , ﬁgs , nuts of all

c kinds , pi kled ﬁsh , water melons a foot and a half o r ic e- off two feet long, cakes , cream , tea, c ee and lemonade . The students gave this instead of a ball .

’ ”

K . endall s band played , and all went Off well Traditional ch aracters have always abounded

D o set at artm uth , as with every college in a small village where the all in all is the institution itself .

of Most these worthies have left no history, no memories , even . Others , still haunting the thoughts of D artmouth men yet living, will again visualize

of themselves at the touch suggestion . There was

f or Hod Frary , instance, the keeper of the Old

one of Dartmouth Hotel , whose cherished habits it w a s to c arve the roasts on a table in the corner of

- an d the dining room and every now then , in full

of sight the guests , wipe his enormous knife across

a vest encrusted with the grease and blood of ages . The students had a theory that Hod did this to

on of discourage appetite the part his boarders , and

’ d hOt e thus make his table the more proﬁtable . 23 4 THE OLD TRADITIONS

“ There w a s the quaint old Professor of Dust and Ashes whose loved and pompous duty it was to clear the ancient recitation rooms of the litter ,

t h e strewn about by the students , and to build ﬁres in the big box stoves that heated these abodes o f the muses . His name was Haskell , and he lived

w a old R o across the y from the ood H use , where “ ” w a s located , in his day , the elegant young

9 ladies boarding school kept by the Argus- eyed S S Misses herman , and known as the herman

Nunnery . The good Professor has long been dust and ashes himself, but his memory is still cherished among the older alumni .

o of There was Old Dud who , with his ﬂ tilla ancient stage- coaches swung on leather springs and

N awic h drawn up in gallant array at the station ,

’ ’ nd Anover was the Oﬂicial welcomer of return ing Dartmouth men for a period of nearly forty f years . Old Dud the magnate o all stage drivers , the man who would in these days run grave risk of being prosec uted by the Commerce Commis sion for restraint of interstate transp ortation . Old

’ Dud the friend of everybody and everybody s friend !

o There was Lil Carter, the Delm nico of the

o t h middle eighties in Hanover . The maker f e best oyster stews and ice—cream that ever tickled 23 5 THE STORY OF DARTMOUTH

the palates and depleted the p o cketbooks of college

or . students in any town , big little A cheerful

. t o truster, withal There was no occasion growl at

the high cost of living while Lil was in business .

At ﬁrst he kept Open hou se in the Tontine Block , where several of the secret society halls were then

located , but when that was burned , he established

his restaurant in the second story of his stable . His

custo mers had to admit that the ﬂavor of his food

suffered somewhat from the change . There was a sort of ammonia tang to what one drank and a dis i l t nc t y horsey aroma about what one ate . But

for Lil like a gentleman , made up this by giving bigger p o rtions of everything and extending longer

credit all aro und .

’ There was Kib proprietor of Kib ling s

’ ” O r S p y House, on College treet,

That th espi a n den

W ere r c h a m- ro re on 6 1 0 h t agi fats a d by ,

W ere e r n W e re o his m n re e h d a Ha k hit t ld i st l j st, ’ rn or l l d And Ba a by s c k eg e all t he rest .

W ere t h e o u r u on t h e o h Mikad b st p t wn,

co e e ﬁddlers ue e h e c oru o And ll g sq ak d t h s d wn .

’ Kib s temple of art was all too often the scene of histrionic eﬂ ort s that should never have been made . But if a guilty company tarried a second h . SO o night, its doom was swift and certain The p 23 6

THE STORY OF DARTMOUTH

degree of C . O . D . Pratt then delivered himself of a wonderful oration on the Voc ab ulab orat ory of

’ ” the World s History . It is related that after the

out on address was over, as he came the chapel steps , some disturbance was caused , and , brave man

hew a s and chevalier though , he became frightened and started across the campus like a deer with the whole college in full cry after him . ’ Eheu u a ces . , f g Times change , and men and

of things change with them . The familiars yester

of — day are the traditions to day, and the traditions — - o f to morrow are to day in the making . D art mouth , by reason of her very distinctive ﬂ avor, will not soon cease to be a college of the old tradi

3 )

. S o tions ome will be b rn , will ﬂourish , and will

’ die . Some will live always . Dartmouth s sons have set a watch .

23 8 CHAPTER XIV

’ DARTMOUTH OU T o DOORS — ARTM OUTH is t o day preeminently the col ’ ” - - lege of the out o doors . This distinction has not come to it entirely by reason of its superb location , where mountains , hills , and glades ; forests and streams ; a lordly river at its feet and lovely lakes within easy reach give it a setting incom

for or parable the casual stroll the strenuous , long ” distance hike . For more than a century these prodigally beautiful gifts of nature encircled Dart mouth , yet there has not until recently been any genuine or general use of them . A generation ago the few men who tramp ed in spring or autumn were rare and queer specimens

of for to the majority . The rigors winter were the most part evaded by close adherence to stoves . A cross- country trip over the snow would have been

of . o regarded as an expedition lunatics T boggans , skis and snow- shoes were unknown ; sleighing w a s

w s not popular ; coasting languished , and skating a generally impossible by reason of the heavy snow falls . The prevailing attitude toward winter was

’ accurately expressed in Ri c hard Hovey s 23 9 THE STORY OF DARTMOUTH

For t he o is n in t h e oor w lf wind whini g d ways,

And t h e no r ee on t h e ro s w d ifts d p al g ad,

And t h e ice- omes a re ma rc n rom e r or gn hi g f th i N ways,

d e r a e o An t h g e t whit c ld walks ab road .

oo- o- t h o (B o o ! pass e b wl . ) For here by t h e ﬁ re

a nd s r We defy frost to m.

! w e a re rm Ha , ha wa ’ w e e our e r e re And hav h a ts d si .

- To day, thanks to the activities of the Dartmouth Outing Club and to a new appreciatio n of the j oys

of o the open country, all seas ns bring large numbers

’ of students into the out- o - d oors and the for

mid ab le old Hanover winter itself is now enlivened

by one of the ﬁnest and mo st p opular celebrations

of the college year , the Winter Carnival .

’ The ﬁrst exp onent of Dartmouth out - o - doors

a dv en was John Ledyard , that original genius and

n of o f 1 6 turo s soul the class 77 , who roamed the

world in marvellous fashion for his day, and ﬁnally

died in Africa , as he was preparing to cross that

continent . Ledyard arrived in Hanover in a sulky, which he had driven through the wilderness roads

from Hartford . That he and his equipage made a sensation when they reached the college may be taken fo r grant ed . Both the horse and the sulky

says Sparks , gave evident tokens of having known

of e better days , and the dress their owner was p 240

DARTMOUTH OUT O ’ DOORS culiar t , bidding equal deﬁance o symmetry of pro

of portion and to the fashion the times . In addition to the traveller himself, this ancient vehicle was bur dened of with a quantity calico for curtains , and

t o in other articles assist theatrical exhibitions, of which he was very fond . The stage was ﬁtted up , and plays were acted , in which Ledyard person

ated the chief characters . Cato was among the

o ut tragedies brought upon the boards , and Led

of old S yard acted the part yphax, wearing a long

gray beard and a dress suited to his notion of the ” costume of a Numidian prince . Whether Ledyard loved nature with an unusual

or now passion , merely desired a lark in the open

and then , we do not know . But it is recorded that

’ f 1 2—1 in the midwinter o 77 773 , he, with Wheelock s

of t o consent, persuaded several the students camp out with hi m in the snow in the wilds of the Velvet

Rocks two miles east of the college . The snow

was three feet deep , and drifted . The party went in

n - couples o snow shoes , and reaching the summit with some labor, built a ﬁre, ate their supper, and each couple prepared for the night by scraping away the snow and laying a bed of evergreen boughs and

a blanket . One then lying down , his partner drew over him a second blanket, buried him in snow, and

. h then crawled in by his side They p assed, t ey 24 1 THE STORY OF DARTMOUTH

said , quite a comfortable night, and were at home in time for prayers by candle- light in the morn ing . ’ old Chaﬁng at last under Eleazar s rigid discipline, and obj ecting particularly to the compulsion of blowing the conch horn in his turn to summon the students to variou s exercises , Ledyard determined

. 1 to abscond In May , 773 , while the president was in the down- country he cut a huge pine near the

of - out banks the river, and from it fashioned a dug canoe ﬁfty feet long and three feet wide . This stalwart craft, rigged with a woven willow shelter

t he of in the stern , was launched with help class mates , and in it Ledyard , with dried venison for food and a bearskin for covering at night , paddled

t on down the Connecticut o Hartford , e hundred and

his forty miles away, narrowly escaping with life at the thundering maelstrom of Bellows Falls . A great stone, with bronze tablet, now marks the spot

’ where this ﬁrst of D artmouth s gentleman ad venturers cut the tree for his craft . But although now and again men have loved the silent places about the college town , where one can be remote and almost in the wilderness in an hour’ s

’ out - o - walk , the great green and white doors waited a hundred and forty- one years for the form ing of an association that should at last bring a large 242

THE STORY OF DARTMOUTH dress f or the Carnival Ball in the commons with as good grace as if the dance were in Boston or New

York .

of The chief glory the Outing Club , however, and a thing that is bound to make a race of Dartmouth

of of men still stauncher body, cleaner morals , and

of s s more thoughtful mind , is the trail and cabin y tem that h as come into being naturally and consist ently with the Splendid theater nature has given the

’ - - college men for their out o door performances . The beginning of this unique course of education in the semi - wilderness was the excellent cabin on the

of side Moose Mountain , a ﬁne and dominating

eminence eight miles northeast of the campus .

Through the enthusiastic interest and labors of Mr .

. S o Franklin P humway, of Bost n , the alumni gave the six hundred dollars necessary to erect the shelter, which was dedicated by President Nichols

on 0 1 1 . May 3 , 9 3 Here, close to a cold and pic t u res ue q mountain torrent, as many as thirty students may gather about the roaring logs in the big stone ﬁrepl ace ; may sleep in bunks lined with

ﬁ r— b alsam ; may prepare the good , honest grub of - the camper in the well appointed kitchen , and may look out over the beautiful world for a brief

or interval between cl assrooms , into the setting sun

or . the young moon , and be the better f doing it 244 DARTMOUTH OUT O ’ DOORS

Next in this chain is Cube Mountain , a still nobler hill ten miles to the north of Moose . Here another

Dartmouth cabin has been erected , thanks again to

’ Mr . Shumway s persuasive ways with the alumni .

c Further still will be a abin in the Agassiz Basin ,

oo silauk e near M , land for which has been given by 8 w . f 1 66 ho R . o everend J E Johnson , of the class , 1 1 had presented the club , in 9 3 , with his hundred

Sk - o acre place , y Line Farm in Littlet n , including a good house . This point completes the northern trail for D artmouth Since from Littleton or from Agassiz B asin the hiker into the heart of the White Mountains may ﬁnd plenty of Appalachian

fo r Club and other cabins ready service. The next developments are expected to be toward

on M t o the east , perhaps ount Cardigan , and the west into the foo thills of the Green Mo untains .

There is no limit to the magniﬁ c ent range of o uting p o ssibilities in every point o f the compass . Health and strength and manly love fo r the open becko n at

of o of every turn the year, and from the gr ves the ” academy Dartmouth men in constantly greater numbers are going out into the groves o f the Om nipot ent f or something no ﬁnite theorems o r mental gymnastics of the class or lecture- room can possibly give them . ’ The out - o - door a c tivities that take the form 245 THE STORY OF DARTMOUTH

o f of organized athletics are , course, older than the present remarkable spirit of the trail ; yet modern

of . enough, as compared with the life the college The ancient worthies did no t look with much favor — o n useless and non productive games . The ﬁrst code of college laws set forth its desires thu s

In o rder that t h e c hannel of thei r diversions may b e

ur e rom c is uer e uc a s n t n d f that whi h p il , s h playi g with

o o er of er on a s e ee balls , b wls , and th ways div si , hav b n

ece r o e o u e o er c e f o r n ssa ily g n int by st d nts in th pla s , want of an Opportunity t o ex erc ise th emselves in that which is more u e u is e rne recomm e t o t h e s f l , it a stly end d students that th ey turn t h e cours e of th ei r diver

o a nd ex erc e f or e r e t o t h e r c ce of si ns , is s th i h alth , p a ti

ome m u r o r cu o of r o er s an al a ts , ltivati n ga dens and th

t h e ro e o e lands at p p r h urs of l isure .

Eleazar Wheelock was a thrifty soul w ho realized the advantage of employing student energies t o the tu rning out of vegetables for the beneﬁt of the college .

or But games persisted , in more less fugitive

w n fashion . The Indians had sports of their o and pursued them as long as they remained at Dart i . n 1 0 mouth Wickets were fashion in 79 , if we may trust a naive engraving of the college grounds at “ ” that period Football of the Old Division ,

- for- - — — free all , kick as kick can style ﬂourished for 24 6

THE STORY OF DARTMOUTH

the game, which was overwhelmingly keen in the eighties is now at a much lower ebb among the

- non playing students .

o Curiou sly enough , interc llegiate rowing, now and f for a long time extinct at Hanover, in spite o the great river near by, ran baseball a close second in point of age . It began with a spontaneous craze

so of 1 8 2 . the athletic records say, in the autumn 7

’ ’ Eaton, 75, and Paul , Lawrence , and Underhill , 73 , were the pioneers in the movement . In the winter

w a s enough money raised to build a boathouse, hire

- a trainer, and buy a six oared cedar shell from the f o . famous Elliott , Greenpoint, Long Island An Old professional champ named John Biglin was the trainer . He selected a crew o f raw beef and bloody bone giants who in spite of their crudity as oarsmen , brought the Dartmouth shell in fourth amo ng nine at the Springﬁeld regatta o f 73 . Next S year the crew ﬁnished fourth at aratoga , being beaten by Columbia , Wesleyan , and Harvard . In

1 8 75 the Hanoverians were again fourth , ﬁve sec o nds behind Harvard and beating Yale, with Bob

Cook at stroke o a r. From that moment of what was rightfully con side d of re a good deal a triumph , Dartmouth has

’ never put a varsity shell into the water . A tre mendons snowfall in ‘ the winter of 1 877 crushed in 248 DARTMOUTH OUT O ’ DOORS

the boathouse and smashed the Shell ; seemingly it

crushed the heart out of rowing, in which the c ol i l leg a ns had played so creditable a rO e . This form of athletics appears to be dead at Hanover, and no one ca n be found there who will venture to predi ct its resurrection .

Modern football Rugby as it w a s called in its early d ays of evolution among the American — colleges was late in arriving at Hanover . Har m vard , Princeton , and Yale had for so e time been

at their triangular annual contests before D artmouth knew the pigskin well . When at vari ou s times the

o c w h o matter was br a hed , the faculty, tolerated the

— on o ﬁerce cane rush , demurred the gr und that the ” game w a s t oo rough . Even a part of the students

o o n not fr wned it , though for that reason , cer t inl a y . They feared that the pastime was too much an aping o f eff ete Engl and and that it would tend to produce a race of eff eminates ! They were soon t o see that noti o n exploded with loud reverberations over the Hanover plain .

In spite of opposition , the football feeling gained ’

. 8 es steadily Clarence Howland , 4, did much to t b li h a s the new game . A magniﬁcent player and a

man of means , he helped the cause physically and

ﬁnancially . Exeter men began to come up to the

college with football training . In 1 880 the elements 249 THE STORY OF DARTMOUTH for the sport were strong enough t o force the organ iz at ion of the Dartmouth Rugby Football Associa

w as on . tion , and an eleven put the ﬁeld There were

1 88 1 t w o no intercollegiate games that year, but in c ontests were arranged with Amherst, Dartmouth winning the ﬁrst and tying the second . On Novem

1 88 2 ber 9, , came the ﬁrst game with Harvard , and the sco re of 53 t o 0 showed the wearers o f the green that they knew very little o f the game . But that

t oo a 1 0 catastrophe, , was amply venged in 9 3 , when

o the Dartmouth eleven , perhaps the m st powerful that ever swept over a gridiron , dedicated the

1 1 0 . Stadium with a Harvard defeat , to

After the ﬁrst Harvard game, however, things looked bad for foo tball at Hanover . The Da rt

uth R mo , under the heading ugby Is Dead said “ editorially : It is our sa d duty to conduct the melancholy obsequies . There was no doubt , no mystery about its death , and an inquest is totally unnecessary and now if there is any other game that Dartmouth can pl ay better than football , it would be well to encourage it .

But football did not die . It survived even the ponderous trouncing administered by Yale o n

’ 1 88 Dartmouth s ground in 4, when the score was

1 1 3 to 0 for the blue . It survived many another defeat, victories coming along in due time . Under 250

THE STORY OF DARTMOUTH

of Williams , Wesleyan , and the University the City

1 8 D o f New York . At Mott Haven , in 77, a art

w on - - mouth man the half mile and the quarter mile .

Dartmouth won t h e ﬁrst meet of the New England Intercollegiate Athletic Association held at Charter

2 1 88 . Oak Park , Hartford , May 7 , 7

Of late years Dartmouth has been consistently ” Int ercolle ia t es growing stronger in the big g , a result due partly to the Splendid new gym with its facilities for practising practically all of the

o of utdoor sports in the depth winter, and partly

of to the ﬁne and inspiring labors Harry Hillman ,

the track and ﬁeld co ach . The alumni control of

1 8 2 athletics , established in 9 , has also been of great

value as an inspiration toward success in all branches ,

o as a ﬁnancial ally, and as a wise guardian f what is

clean and honorable in amateur sport . Dartmouth is today in the very ﬁrst rank in her punctilious

. not regard for pure athletics It is a pose, but a

conviction . It governs the c onduct of the sports

o f j ust mentioned , as well as tennis , golf, hockey ,

of and basketball , in all which good records have

been made .

’ One more asset of Dartmouth out - o - doors

of romant ic o sib ilit ies unique and full the most s , ‘ p is the Dartmouth Grant the splendid domain of - six twenty thou sand acres of wild forest, moun 252 Th e Alumni Gymna sium

THE STORY OF DAR TMOUTH

What an opportunity is here for the school of

one forestry that Dartmouth may day establish .

What a realm of delight for the summer camp of

of some D artmouth Outing Club the future, that may hike in a body to the enchanted land of the

C ’ - - out o . o northern doors Happy the c llege , and

w h o happy the college men , can still carry the

ancient seal into their ow n lands and there let its legend speak again , and as appropriately as in the ” t days of the founding : Vox Cla ma ntis in Deser o.

254 CHAPTER XV

WHAT MEN D O AT DARTMOUTH

ARTM OUTH is still a college . It adopts men

on into the academic family fairly easy terms , but it co mpels them to prove their intellectual and

or moral ﬁtness to remain , out they go without much f ceremony . Every year a sizable b and o lazy o r

- d t over conﬁ en freshmen is given its passports . Sometimes this coterie contains the most promising

of athletic material a class , but that consideration weighs not at all in the councils of the faculty . The

Governor John Wentworth charter is o lder than the

Alumni Gymnasium , and the charter has certain things t o say about the general intent of the college .

Those things are still respected . Men are still per sonally trained in classroom recitations as well as in lectures and examinations . They are still held t o the perfo rmance of a deﬁnite excellence in mental work as represented by professorial ﬁgures . If they

of obj ect to this as a form ancient inquisition , they

are at liberty to resign , and often they are asked t o .

t o As what men do at Dartmouth , then , it may be 255 THE STORY OF DARTMOUTH

said that primarily they work at such varied forms

o f the higher educati o n as they may select out of a

. o liberal variety But they work , r they know Han

over but brieﬂy .

Of student interests outside the regular curricu

lum there is today a wide choice, suited for men of

S of all orts tastes , compared with the narrow range f o or . things to do a generation , less , ago There is no doubt that the students of the present conduct

themselves more sensibly than in older times b e cause there are so many congenial outlets for their

ff - of . particular kinds e ervescence Turkey stealing ,

rum- drinking and horning have gone into the dust bin Of disused traditions in favor of Outing Club

or or trips , dramatic performances Social Service

of of or half a dozen other activities as much appeal , f l but less potentiality o r trouble . And if any o d ” of timer , any product the Iron Age at Hanover, should chance to fear that the change in student avocations and pleasures is in danger of producing

of w ol a race prigs and eaklings , a visit to the d town in Winter Carnival week would be sufficient to drive

o that dismal n tion entirely from his head . The

ancient and highly characteristic idea of Dartmouth manhood seems as potent and as living as ever it was .

of Men have more luxuries , course, than their 256

THE STORY OF DARTMOUTH

There are now eighteen Greek letter societies in

of the college proper, the oldest which is Psi Upsilon ,

D 1 8 2 founded at artmouth in 4 , and the youngest R D S h o 1 1 0. elta igma , established in 9 One, the 1 K K K . appa appa appa , is local only These chapters ,

. of which include about sixty per cent the students , have always maintained their connection with the parent fraternities . None has deteriorated _ into an f expelled , independent club bearing a parody o the Old mother’ s name and active chieﬂy as a social organization playing fool pranks in public . In that respect the history and the present status of the fraternities at Dartmouth is honorable . Men may not take them very seriously as uplifts , but they do not degrade them into mere accessories for eating

C ” of and drinking and the doing idiotic stunts . Four senior societies make the sum total of D art

’

. S mouth s desires in this respect The phinx, founded

1 886 ff E t ia n in , has an e ective y gp mausoleum as a

- o ne meeting place ; the Casque and Gauntlet, year younger, owns and occupies a prim, but pleasant

I Th e Gree et t er societ ies in th e or er oi t e r oun in at Dart k l d , h i f d g mout are : Psi U si on 1 8 2 a a a a a a 1 8 2 A a h p l , 4 ; K pp K pp K pp , 4 ; lph e ta Phi 1 8 6 e ta a a si on 1 8 eta e ta i 1 86 D l , 4 ; D l K pp Ep l , 53 ; Th D l Ch , 9 ; e ta eta 1 88 Bet a eta 1 88 ma 1 Phi D l Th , 4 ; Th Pi , 9 ; Sig Chi , 893 ; Phi a a Psi 1 8 6 Phi Gamma e ta 1 0 1 Chi Phi 1 0 2 Phi ma K pp , 9 ; D l , 9 ; , 9 ; Sig K a a 1 0 a a ma 1 0 ma s on 1 0 ma Nu pp , 9 5; K pp Sig , 9 5; Sig Phi Ep il , 9 9 ; Sig , ma A a si on 1 08 a nd e ta m Rh o 1 0 D a 1 1 0 . 9 7 ; Sig lph Ep l , 9 ; l Sig , 9 258 WHAT MEN DO AT DARTMOUTH

old- - fashioned dwelling house , lately much improved , o n the busy and valuable corner opposite College

Hall . The Dragon , still younger, occupies the “ ” - K . R ancient , square Tri appa Hall The ound i Robin s purely literary . Election to these organiza tions is a distinction highly prized by each j unior

of class , though there is nothing sycophantish log rolling for making the senior societies that has been condemned in some other colleges .

Pa la eopit us is another D artmouth institution that has won a very important place in the college life . This is the student governing body of the college . A board of eleven members of the senior

of class , it is the Hague Conference the under graduate body and the Ofﬁcial intermediary between the faculty administration and the students . Tra dition alone is responsible for rai sing the Palaeo

it u s p to its present high position , and upon the pres tige that it has attained it is wholly dependent for

t o its power . Election this body is prob ably the most substantial recognition of ability and in t egrit y that a class can confer o n one of it s mem

o bers . It may be safely said that petty p litics and fraternity rivalries rarely interfere with the election of the best possible men from the successive classes t o this surprisingly inﬂuential group of men . The relation of the Pala eopit u s t o the college is uniqu e 259 THE STORY OF DARTMOUTH

among student councils . It has never received any speciﬁc powers from the administration or the

h a s n student body . It o deﬁnite duties to perform except those developed by the usage of years . In

of spite this fact, the resolutions and suggestions of

P l o it s the a a e p u have all the force of laws . It is now an institution that neither undergraduates nor faculty would like to see abandoned . Phi Beta Kappa survives as a reward for the ﬁrst scholars in each senior class — for all receiving a

- ﬁv e . rank of eighty , to be exact The ancient dame

- 1 8 with the watch key came to Hanover in 7 7, from

. sh e Cambridge In those days was a secretive soul ,

of o with solemn oaths initiati n , a mystic cipher and

strange symbols . These attributes have long since

a s - of disappeared , as well the term time meetings the

it ld- society . In s o time state it was distinguished every third year by a Phi Beta Kapp a oration on

o the day before Commencement , and some f the greatest of American minds have had their say o n these occasions . For men who feel the furor sc rib endi at Hanover there are means of expression adequate

Da rtmouth enough , if not over plentiful . The , the triweekly college newspaper, annually calls forth

’ 9 - - a good sized crowd of freshman leg men , eager to win a place on its staff . This venerable sheet, 260

THE STORY OF DARTMOUTH faculty attitude toward college events and student behavior .

who The men lean toward Music, heavenly ” “ maid , are variously provided for . The Handel Society of Dartmouth College organized in 1 8 07 a to improve and cultiv te the taste, and promote

o true and genuine music and disc untenance triﬂing, ” unﬁnished pieces , and which for many years was

of accounted one the best choruses in New England ,

is dead . The College Choir in some measure ﬁlls its “

. for un place Those who yearn the triﬂing,

t h e ﬁnished pieces may ﬁnd solace in Glee Club ,

with its guitar and mandolin attachments . Then the freshman who can play any instrument reason ably well is sure of a warm welcome to the college

band and the orchestra . The annual musical come dies give many aspirants for vo cal training and

honors a ﬁeld of some value .

The mo st remarkable development Of student activities of recent years at Dartmouth is the rise

and succ ess of the Dramati c Association . This organization has broken entirely with the older

tradition that college players must devote them selves to the generally trivial stuff pro duced by

college writers . It presents , and produces with

adequate scenery and costumes , such plays as

’ “ ” ’ c Maeterlin k s The Intruder , Lady Gregory s 262 WHAT MEN DO AT DARTMOUTH

’ The Workh ouse Ward Maurice Earing s Kath

’ erine Parr Witter By nner s The Little King

’ “ ” b s Carl Frey e On Leave of Absence ; W . F . Locke’ s “ The Climax ” and Macdonald Hasting’ s ” i f 1 The New S n . In the spring o 19 4 the asso c iat ion moved upon New York and gave The Mis leading Lady ” for two matinees at the Fulton

Theatre, where the piece was running profession ally . The critics were unanimous in declaring this to be the best college student performance ever seen in New York . The usual feeling that college b oys were masquerading in the spirit of a lark seemed to have been lost altogether in admiration of the sincerity and real dramatic values of the presentation . That this new and extraordinary feeling for the — art o f the stage well supported by the student — body is b o und to have it s eff ect in arousing a love for the best o f drama and an incentive to serious play- writing at Dartmouth is not questioned anywhere . Despite the time and energy such work

on demands the part of the men in college , the faculty wisely approves the movement , as giving a certain cultural bit of education that could be ob t a ined in no other way For those who feel the call to public pronounce ments minus stage accessories the Dartmouth 263 THE STORY OF DARTMOUTH

o Forensic Uni n , with its annual triangular debating league with Williams and Brown , is accessible to

o men with highly devel p ed platform ability . The

Lincoln- Douglas D ebating Soc iety off ers a wider

for r c c ﬁeld the orato ically in lined , while Le Cer le

Fran cais El Centro Espanol and the Deut scher Verein ﬁll their customary places acceptably .

o On the more seri us , but by no means sancti moniou s side of life at Hanover stands the Dart

o mouth Christian Association . This rganization has thirty years of earnest and loyal work to its

o credit , and from its h me in Bartlett Hall h as gone forth an i nspiration to manly living and common

. a sense Christianity Many great athlete, wearing

o n o the precious D his breast , might also, appr ”

l . riat e . p y enough , have added C A to his badge of accomplishment .

The Ch ristian Associati o n men have of recent years extended the movement far outside the old

oo time bounds of Hanover . G d speakers, magnetic

of fellows, have taken up social service in many the towns and villages and preparatory schools within

a radius of fo rty miles . This is called deputation

. i r not o . nst u work It is too s lemn College songs, mental con c erts and vaudeville stunts are often given at the meetings of young men in places o ut

o side Hanover . Then foll ws some Simple, sincere 264

WHAT MEN DO AT DARTMOUTH

of talk on the advantages of high ideals , fairness , c un selﬁ shness i i learness and , the rel g ous appeal coming last as the most impressioning feature of the gatherings . Boy Scout work and a night school

of for Poles at the mills Wilder, j ust down the river,

of are other features deputation activity . The

Ae is 1 1 1 g says that up to March 3 , 9 3 , more than three hundred diff erent undergraduates had par

’ t icipat ed in one or more phases of the Associati o n s W ork . Thus is regard for the welfare of the other fellow being inculcated in Dartmouth men , who have long been considered as rather too suﬂicient unto themselves .

For the manifold non- athletic interests in Dart mouth there is now a home unique among the col

R one leges . This is obinson Hall , the beautiful hundred thousand dollar structure ju st north of

College Hall . It w a s an i nspiration of genius that R . of prompted Wallace F obinson , Boston , to the presentation of this most u seful of buildings . In making the gift he thus expressed his feeling in the matter : ’ Dartmouth s student organizations , with the

of of exception athletics , are in need adequate quarters where’ their activities may be properly co ncentrated and efﬁ ciently controlled . As a man ff of a airs , with a long business experience, I b elieve 265 THE STORY OF DARTMOUTH

that, suitably housed and provided with the means for the conduct of their business and for the social intercourse incidental to the activities of young men of similar tastes and abilities , these organiza tions would present a strong counterpoise t o a t hlet i

is n one o n c m o the hand , and to social cliques the

ff of other . They would thus a ord a j ust balance intellectual and artistic expression as against bodily prowess and muscular Skill . “ In order t o insure the continued democracy of

no the college, I h ave stipulated that organizations shall make u se of the building except those in which the qualiﬁcations for membership is proved ability ” only .

In this clearing- house of the esthetic side of ’ Dartmouth s student life are many mansions . No ’ more do the college publications staffs depend on their studies or a dingy room over some store for

e . set ditorial quarters Each has a large, handsome of rooms , beautifully furnished perhaps too beauti

for fully embryo j ournalists , who must some day, if they persist, have a rude awakening to the realities of real newspaper ofﬁces . There are rooms for the

literary societies , for the band (cannily built at the t op of the building with sound- proof walls and doors)

- and for the various other non athletic organizations . There are a couple of comfortable general assembly 266

CHAPTER XVI

WH Y M EN G O T O DARTMOUTH

HY men go to any college is a question that f the alumni , trustees, and faculty o each institution may best answer from their different standpoints . Why men went to Dartmouth ﬁfty or even twenty- ﬁv e years ago was no problem at all . They went mainly because Dartmouth was

or the only college in New Hampshire, because their fathers or other relatives had gone there before “ them . None went because it was the thing to do and few go now for any such reason . Dart mouth has never become socially great . But the question that was easy to answer in the iron age of the college is not so easy in the golden

old age . The reasons amply accounted for an enter

ing freshman class of sixty- ﬁv e ; they fail to explain the motives that b ring some four hundred new candidates for entrance into the Hanoverian groves ” of the academy each year, and bring them from

all parts of the United States .

’ Dartmouth s cl aim t o the title of the national 268 WHY ME N GO TO DARTMOUTH

h college is well founded . S e has more students from outside New Hampshire than has Harvard 1 from outside Massachusetts . Scores travel half way across the continent at least twice each year f or the sake of being Dartmouth men . There has been nothing more astonishing in the forward ma rch of the college in the last twenty years than this

successful appeal to the country at large . What is there in the bugle- call from the hills that is so potent in rallying young men to the green banner !

. . h c One man , Professor F A Updyke , fres man lass

fﬁ 1 1 2—1 1 o cer for the college year 9 9 3 , decided that an illuminating answer to the question might come

from the freshmen themselves , and he instituted a

poll of the three hundred and eighty- one entrants

to the class of 1 9 1 6 . He found that o f this number

but seventy- ﬁv e had fathers who were college grad

- n ates , and only twenty two had fathers who had

been to Dartmo uth . Of the whole number eighty

three had professi o nal men for fathers . The poll o f reasons for coming to Dartmouth turned out as

o : of or out of foll ws inﬂuence relatives in college ,

fo rty - two ; inﬂuence of Dartmouth graduates and

o ne - one undergraduates , hundred and forty ; loca

- of tion of college , forty six ; size the college , twelve ; f plan o admission , eighteen ; reputation and spirit

1 e o r i n Th c ll ege p oper s meant in each insta ce. 269 THE STORY OF DARTMOUTH

‘ of of the college, eleven ; lower expense education

S o in Dartmouth , ten ; athletics , ﬁve ; Tuck cho l ,

S . ten ; Thayer chool , thirteen

So the great propulsive force that sends men t o Dartmouth is the proselyting work of Dartmouth

out of . men , both in and college Nobody who has ever seen a body of Dartmouth alumni in action can doubt it . Their enthusiastic zeal in persuading boys and parents that the one pl ac e ordained by

- an all wise providence as a college seat is Hanover,

and that the o ne college worthy to occupy such a

situation is Dartmouth , produces results , as the

facts Show .

Alo ng these lines of endeavor the recently or

ga nized alumni council is expected to be still more

. 1 1 productive This organization , founded in 9 3 ,

is made up of twenty- ﬁv e representatives fro m all

of parts of the country, elected by general vote the

alumni . It is to meet in conference at least o nce a

year . P erhaps its intended province can best be

t o expressed in the statement, that it is expected ” be a clearing- house for alumni sentiment and a court for the approval or disapproval of alumni

proj ects . Undoubtedly it also will devote its ener

gies to the raising and handling of alumni funds for

the college and for the maintaining of the supply

and quality of its students . For this work President 27 0

THE STORY OF DARTMOUTH

’ mouth out - O - doors are beginning to impress themselves far and wide, and that fathers and mothers appreciate the situ ation of a college that has no easy access to the ﬂashy fascinations o f metrop olitan evil . If a D artmouth student wants to be tough he has to make a very deliberate and inconvenient business of it . Some occasi o nally

of Alumni a a do j ust that , course, but, says the M g

ine z , the sooner they learn that if Dartmouth were situated ﬁve miles from Boston , it would cease

for to be D artmouth , the better them and for the ” college . That sentiment seems to have won favor with a quite considerable number of the old folks ” at home , who feel that as Hanover cannot be

of out sh accused turning milksops , neither has e any ready facilities for the producti on of youthful ” rounders . This magniﬁcent isolation is the chief glory and hope of those who rule the college and that

of means the alumni Dartmouth , as well as its trustees and faculty . President Nichols has an in t rest in e g theory that Dartmouth , and possibly

of l Princeton , will alone, all the larger eastern co

o n l s , t s t v ege be foun—d heir pre en Sites ﬁ e hundred years from to day . He points out how all of the others are even now pressed h ard upon by the tight

enin of or o or g coils industry , c mmerce , city devel 272 Observa tory Slope

THE STORY OF DARTMOUTH

sh e and that will be, as Oxford in England , almost alone in the great antiquity of her home . If that be called a vision , it is certain that it illumines many

- n a forward looking heart o the Hanover plain . S ome men come to Dartmouth , as has been shown

1 1 2 o f by the 9 test, because the cost education here

o is relatively small . Not s many come for that

in old reason as the days , but still a respectable number perhaps more than cared to admit it in the freshman catechism . That expenses are low may be seen by the following table included in a circular sent to applicants for scholarship aid by Dean Laycock : The college expenses put at the minimum and average may be rated as follows

M INIMUM AVE RAGE

u o co e e 1 0 . 1 0 . T iti n , with ll g bills $ 4 $ 4 Tex t- boo ks 1 5 3 0

ru 1 2 I nst ments (if Graphic s is taken) . Laboratory fees per course (if courses a re elected) Room- rent in college b uildi ng (inclu ding h eat and care ; roomunfurnish ed) Lights

o r 6 ee B a d (3 w ks , L aundry

$3 70 $51 3 .

274 WHY MEN GO TO DAR TMOUTH

Summing up this important point, an ofﬁcer of the college once replied to a New York newspaper’ s query on the subj ect that : A Dartmouth under graduate with seven hundred dollars a year to his credit can not only go through college, but can ,

a it a k e of of as well , p some the joys of life in the process .

Scholarships help many, the tendency of late years being to combine them into fewer and larger — o nes . Intra collegiate business enterprises fatten slender pocketbooks to some extent ; a recent inquiry showed one hundred and ﬁfty student merchants

of . in varying degrees prosperity Tutoring , acting

o n as monitors , waiting table and working for the townspeople add to small incomes for poor men . A student at Dartmouth says President Nichols “ understandingly, may bring food to his class ’ mate or wash a citizen s windows without the slight est feeling of abasement on his ow n part or the least dulling of comradeship and respect on the part of others toward him ; and this is true because there

is no serving class at Hanover to which he can be ” compared . The Spirit of the college is modestly set down by our investigator of freshmen as drawing eleven men t o an entering class . That may seem a small

for number, but it is only technically correct, the 275 THE STORY OF DARTMOUTH

Dartmouth Spirit far- famed and more clearly felt than described , is a powerful element in each of the other drawing motives , especially in that which is aroused by the work of alumni and under graduates . In some psychological way the Dart mouth spirit is often impressed upon a young man before he ever sees Hanover . Dartmouth men have been called clannish after “ their college lives . They stick together the saying is ; they ﬁnd j obs for the youngsters just emerging ; they solidly endorse Dartmouth men fo r appointive ofﬁces ; they even Show political unity when a Dartmouth man is nominated for something

or . other This sometimes vexes the onlooker, whether he be from some other college or from none . But possibly he fails to realize the power of ancestry and inheritance . Dartmouth men were compelled to be clannish

’ when Old Eleazar s axe- wielders slashed the room for their huts and cabins out o f the virgin fo rests of a wilderness . They were compelled to be clannish for years afterward in the hard struggle for exist ence . The feeling of loyalty and oneness got into

- the blood , and it has never gotten out . To day the geographic aloofness of the college still works its ancient spell .

President Emeritus Tucker, than whom no man 276

THE STORY OF DARTMOUTH

of o a steadfast environment , especi ally f the

latter . Dartmouth clings to compulsory attendance at

- chapel every week day morning . Sh e surprises some other colleges in this ; sh e is looked upon as

old- b fashioned , unduly orthodox, rather lagging e i hind n the procession of rationalism . But she knows

what she is doing . That daily gathering when the

o o whole college sees itself, feels its s lidarity, lo ks

i itself over and rejoices n its strength , does more

fo r Dartmouth loyalty and the Dartmouth spirit than any other one element that can be found in

Hanover . Chapel is the only place where the whole — “ ” college foregathers for even a big football game has its absentees . The shouting and the tumult must, at most, be sporadic . Men may roar

- — their Wah Hoo Wahs together and feel that the Dartmouth spirit has something to do with the game l o f football . But football is only thirty years o d . From the day when the Voice ﬁrst thrilled the “ ”

. o n wilderness , Chapel has been It is the e existing exercise of the college that has come down from the beginning unchanged and unbroken . There is not the slightest trend toward its abolish

- ment . Sleep loving students may grumble at it in the customary undergraduate way ; but by the time they reach senior year, they see the power and 27 8 WHY MEN GO TO DARTMOUTH

t oo the glory of the ancient rite , and they, , would

of c ling t o this altar democracy, if it were threat

ened .

t o Men go Dartmouth for many reasons , because

- Dartmouth h a s a many sided appeal . They stay

in Dartmouth because they have earned the right ,

and with that earning they imbibe a love for their

college that challenges the admiration of even those who cannot Wholly comprehend it . Men come out from Dartmouth to

Stand a s b roth er stands by b rother ! Da re a deed for t h e Old Mother !

ree t h e o r ro m ! G t w ld , f the hills , with a hail

No one has ever yet put into words better than

c those three lines the Dartmouth spirit , its staun h

it s comradeship , eternal devotion , and its supreme

conﬁden c e . The heritage of a great past it reckons

as the guardian of a greater future .

TH E END

INDEX

oncord P atriot artmout a C , 93 D h H ll

onnec t cut er 8 6 corner- st one of the new ui C i Riv , 3 3 , 4 , 5 b ld n ne a on ress in a 2 1 Co t i nt l C g , 4 7 g l id , 4

ran a c ar Ba e 1 6 1 O a e in 1 2 C d ll , Ri h d il y , ld Ch p l , 9 ra ne o n remo e e 1 2 C , J h , 3 3 , 3 5 d l d , 9

ros a t a n 1 0 2 rea n - room 1 C by , N h , di g , 79 ross a 2 1 art mout ot e 2 C , D vid , 3 D h H l , 3 4 ros ro essor eus 1 1 Dartmouth M a a ine 26 1 C by , P f Alph , 9 g z , u e M ount a n a n 2 art mout secon ar of 1 1 C b i C bi , 45 D h , d E l , 5, , u man O er uc r 1 6 1 2 C sh , liv T ke , 7

art mout s xt ar of 2 1 D h , i h E l , 5 , 4 , ana res ent an e 1 1 8 2 1 6 D , P id D i l , Dartmouth Alumni a a ine 26 1 Dartmouth Literar onthl 1 2 M g z , y M y , 9 , ” artmout Be erent s 1 80 26 1 D h llig , a rt mout o e e a rt mout Out n u 2 D h C ll g D h i g Cl b , 43 ” a umn re resenta t on 1 6 art mout a anx 1 6 l i p i , 9 D h Ph l , 3 a nc ent c a e 6 art mout o of onor 1 0 i h p l , 7 D h R ll H , 5 ” a nc ent ru es 68 1 20 1 6 art mout rit 2 6 i l , , , 3 D h Spi , 7 ent enn a 1 2 Dartmouth The 260 C i l , 7 , ,

com a nt of b ad oo 0 art mout Un ers t 1 0 1 pl i f d , 5 D h iv i y , 9 7 , ” ﬁrst ommenc 1 art mo ua es 1 1 C ement , 4 D ut h Z o v , 5

ﬁrst ma n u n erect e 0 o e Geor e e 1 8 i b ildi g d , 4 D dg , g W bb , 5 rou s st em a o t e 21 6 ou as a r es Lee 1 1 g p y d p d , D gl , Ch l , 5 ro t in num ers 6 1 0 ra matic ssoc a t on 26 2 g w h b , 7 , 4 D A i i , n an st u ent s De Berdt ennis I di d , 55 , D , 4 ot t eries res en 6 66 l , 73 , 74 . 79 D d , 5, na me 28 Duhi enn s 1 60 d , gg, D i ,

na t iona ro t 26 uncan a m H . 1 0 l g w h , 9 D , Willi , 3 a ns for h pl t e fut ure, 273

set t e 2 ast man ar es A . 1 0 2 1 2 1 6 l d , 3 E , Ch l , , 4 , ’ st u ent s ex enses 2 at on o n 1 d p , 74 E , J h , 57 ’ st u ents uni orm 1 2 a r s M or a n 1 0 d f , 3 Edw d , g ,

e st er ent enn a 21 2 ot ar es W. 2 1 6 W b C i l , Eli , Ch l , ” a rt mout o e e ase 1 0 1 08 n s oc et D h C ll g C , 7, , E gli h S i y , 9 1 1 eret t iam 21 3 Ev , Will , 3 Dartmouth a ll G ze e, 93 a rt mout Gran 2 2 a i 2 2 D h t , 5 F gg ng , 3

art mout a F amil isitor 1 D h H ll y V , 3 9 urne 20 Fa er Row 20 b d , 7 y erwea th , 3 com et ed d trac a t et cs 2 1 pl , 75 Field an k hl i , 5 28 2 INDEX

rst s rout of t he co e e orn n 1 Fi p ll g , 3 4 H i g , 3 4 et c er ic ar 1 1 o e ic a r 1 2 2 0 Fl h , R h d , 7 H v y , R h d , 9 , 4 oot a 2 o e L ra r 1 1 F b ll , 49 H w ib y , 4 ort t an x 2 o a n arence 2 F S wi , 3 H wl d , Cl , 49 ost er an e 1 6 u a r a 20 F , D i l , 5 H bb d H ll , 3 o er a i 1 1 8 unt ene er 1 F wl , D v d , 7 , H , Eb z , 53 ran n Ben am n 2 untin t on e eren ose 6 F kli , j i , 7 H g , R v d J ph , 5 ra n l n Go ernor 2 ut c ins rt ur n 1 60 F k i , v , 3 H h , A h Edwi , “ ” rar F y , Hod , 23 4

renc 3 F . 1 F h , 45 n ia n a r t c oo 1 0 1 I d Ch i y S h l , 3 , , 7 ” res men eer 226 F h b , n ia n omas 21 I d Th , r s L F i bie , evi , 4 1

rost . B . F , , 1 59 ’ E La 26 J ack O ntern, 1 ul er e F l , M elvill W. , 21 3 o nson e eren a co . 2 J h , R v d J b W , 3 u ert on iam 1 8 F ll , Will , 7 o nson . E . 2 J h , J , 45 o nson Sir am 1 2 J h , Willi , 7 , 3 Ga a er ar es T . 2 1 6 ll gh , Ch l , Ga t es Genera 6 , l , 3 een o ert 1 2 , R b , 7 , G a t ri c u us 1 K ilp k , R f , 54 e i r 6 n r ck , iel , 7 G 2 K d A lee Club , 6 2 ’ ’ Ki lin 2 6 b g s Op ry ouse , 3 Goodr c a un e 1 H i h , Ch c y , 09 r a n amue 1 8 i kl d , S l , Gra a mue 2 K y , S l , 4 Grea t a en n 1 Aw k i g , 3 4 ” La Na t an e Gou 1 G rea t oa dd , h i l ld , 53 R d, 3 7

14 3 11591 a t a n A 26 Gree ett er so e i 2 8 8 , C p i It k l ci t es , 5 La s o omon 1 2 w , S l , 3 Led ard o n 2 ° HaddO y , J s 4 CK ar B . 1 2 h , Ch les , 2 Lee s ouse 8 1 a e a r eret t 2 1 d h , H l , Edw d Ev , 3 L t t e rt ur I a ncoc o n 1 i l , A h , 59 H k , J h , Lo e enr a ot 1 1 a n e oci et 26 2 dg s H y C b , 3 H d l S y , Lon on I ano er 0 d , , 5 H v , 3

Lor o n K . 1 20 1 ar Art ur er urne 1 2 d , J h , 74 , H dy , h Sh b , 9 Lor res ent a t an 1 26 1 2 arr d , P id N h , , 7, s , H . 2 H i , F , 43 1 0 I 1 - 1 1 ar a r o e e 1 06 3 , S7 , 4 5 49 , 74 H v d C ll g , Lo e a n a ron 8 1 8 a n 1 8 1 v l d , A , , 4 H zi g , enr a tric H y , P k , 47 H saa c 1 1 M a rs a a ta in o n 1 ill , I , 5 h ll , C p J h , oa r Geor e r ie 2 1 M ars a e ust ce 1 08 H , g F i sb , 3 h ll , Chi f J i , o mes o n 1 08 1 1 2 M ason erem a 1 0 H l , J h , , , J i h , 7 o k inson ose 1 08 M assac uset ts a 20 H p , J ph , , h H ll , 3 283 INDEX

a t ema ics o se u es o er 2 2 P orts uth Grad e M h t , b q i v , 7, mo , 93 22 ra t t an e 2 9 P , D i l , 3 7 ’ a t e son ar es F 2 1 res ent s e e M h w , Ch l 5 P id j w l , 73

cca amue W. 2 1 2 ro essor of ust a nd M ll , S l , P f D cClure a 8 2 M , D vid , 3 3 4 M ercur The 6 ro ncia ssem 6 y , , 5 P vi l A bly , 4

a A . 86 M errill , Thom s ,

M es e eren oa uart er a s 1 6 il , R v d N h , 54 Q D y , 7 M t c e ar 1 2 u nt on o a 1 6 1 86 i h ll , Edw d , 5 Q i , Al z H ll , 5 , oo oun a n a n 2 M se M t i C bi , 44

M oul ton o one ona t a n 0 ee a 1 1 , C l l J h , 3 R d H ll , 4 ee am 1 1 R d , Willi , 4

c o s rnest Fox 1 66 2 1 e o ut onar Wa r Ni h l , E , , 9 , R v l i y , 57

2 2 2 2 c ar son ar es F . 1 2 44 , 7 , 75 Ri h d , Ch l , 9 w u 66 ar son e eren a Ne onnec t c t c n e F . C i , Ri h d , R v d D i l , a 1 New gymn si um, 208 43

New a m s re a 20 c a r son a 20 H p hi H ll , 4 Ri h d H ll , 3 New Ham shire Re ister 1 1 e a nus 1 6 p g , 5 Ripl y , Sylv , 3 3 , 4 , 4 , 64 o es ar 1 o nson a 26 N y , Edw d F 43 R bi H ll , 5

o nson a a ce F . 26 R bi , W ll , 5 Oc com a mson 2 6 8 2 1 oo ouse 2 , S , , 4 , , , 5 R d H , 3 5 ”

O D ud 2 o ins an e A . 22 ld , 3 5 R ll , D i l , 7 O ne 2 2 o ns ar s t on 8 ld Pi , 3 R lli , Edw d A h , L 9 O er an e 1 2 2 oot i u 2 1 6 liv , D i l , R , El h ,

O er enr K . 1 0 2 1 0 o in 2 8 liv , H y , , 4 R w g , 4

o a t on Vt . R y l , , 57 Palaeo i us 2 p t , 59

a r er enr i a 1 a n orn ar e st er 21 P k , H y El j h , 55 S b , Edw d W b , 3 Pa r er oe 1 1 ca es ohn 1 k , J l , 7 S l , J , 43 ” a r urst a 2 1 1 cot c ociet 6 P kh H ll , S h S y , 9 , 4 Par urst Le s 21 1 enior ociet es 2 8 kh , wi , S S i , 5 a r urst er Le is 2 1 2 en or Wet - o n 2 0 P kh , Wild w , S i D w , 3

ar nson o a 1 6 erman l a mT . 1 6 P ki , R y l , 5 Sh , Wi li , 7

Pa ne s a 6 um a ra nk n P . 2 y , Eli h , 4 Sh w y , F li , 44 enn Go ernor 2 Sh urt leﬁ os e 8 P , v , 3 , R w ll , 7 Bet a a a 260 mons anie 8 Phi K pp , Si , D l , 5 ” i s xet er ca em 80 n - Out 2 0 Ph llip E A d y , Si g , 3 i s o n 6 nner ose Ph llip , J h , 4 Ski , J ph , 55 omero Ben amin 88 mt res ent Asa od e 1 66 P y , j , S i h , P id D g , , t tt P ortsmou h Gaze e, 93 1 8 2