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Eliminating Violence in Hockey Report

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Eliminating Violence in Hockey Report Eliminating VIOLENCE in Hockey A report by Bernie Pascall assisted by Sharon White Commissioned by the Honourable Ian G. Waddell Minister Responsible for Sport May 2000 Ministry of Small Business, Tourism and Culture Canadian Cataloguing in Publication Data Pascall, Bernie. Eliminating violence in hockey On t.p.: Seal of B.C. Amateur Hockey Association. “SportSafe.” ISBN 0-7726-4328-8 1. Hockey - British Columbia. 2. Violence in sports - British Columbia. 3. Hockey for children - British Columbia. 4. Violence in sports - British Columbia - Prevention. I. White, Sharon, 1960- . II. British Columbia. Ministry of Small Business, Tourism and Culture. III. British Columbia Amateur Hockey Association. IV. Title. V. Title: SportSafe. GV848.4.C3P37 2000 796.962’09711 C00-960270-4 2 A Report on Violence in Hockey in B.C. Table of Contents Executive Summary..................................................................................................... 4 Project Leader .................................................................................................................................. .6 Acknowledgements. ......................................................................................................................... 7 Background..................................................................................................................................... 8 Why now? .................................................................................................................................. 9 Why Hockey? ......................................................................................................................... 10 Report Objectives ................................................................................................................. .10 Definition ............................................................................................................................... 11 Terms of Reference .............................................................................................................. 11 Investigation and Research Methodology .......................................................................... 11 Findings ......................................................................................................................................... 13 For all “Intents” and Purposes ............................................................................................. 13 A Matter of Respect .............................................................................................................. 14 Role Models - Beau ideal, or Bad Idea?.............................................................................. 18 Parents ........................................................................................................................ 19 Coaches ..................................................................................................................... 21 Players......................................................................................................................... 26 Is the National Hockey League Leading by Example? ................................................... 28 The Media Example...............................................................................................................32 Back to Basics - the European model ............................................................................... 34 The Body Checking Issue - and other injury concerns ................................................... 38 The (Legal) Case Against Violence ..................................................................................... 43 The Rules of the Game - on and off the ice .................................................................... 45 A Fair Play Success Story - Dartmouth Whalers Hockey Association ........................ 47 The final word from the players ......................................................................................... 50 Recommendations ..................................................................................................................... 51 Specific Recommendations to Key “Players” in Hockey ............................................... 56 Next steps and Final Comment....................................................................................................59 Footnotes ......................................................................................................................................... 61 Appendix 1 The Root of Sport Aggression - an academic review ....................................... 62 Appendix 2 Phases of SportSafe Violence Prevention Program Development ................ 72 Appendix 3 Bibliography and References................................................................................. 75 Appendix 4 Survey Measurements and Survey Results. ........................................................ 84 Appendix 5 BCAHA Injury Report (excerpt) ........................................................................103 A Report on Violence in Hockey in B.C. 3 Executive Summary n December 1999, veteran sport broadcaster Bernie Pascall was commissioned by IB.C. Sport Minister Ian Waddell to report on violence in hockey - its extent and contributing factors - and provide recommendations which could be used to expand the province’s SportSafe program to include a violence prevention module. SportSafe’s first module addresses harassment and abuse in sport. In partnership with the B.C. Amateur Hockey Association, public forums were held February to April, 2000 in Quesnel (in conjunction with the B.C. Winter Games), Prince George, Kamloops, Castlegar, Nanaimo, Victoria and Richmond. These forums allowed parents, players, coaches, officials, league administrators and others to share their comments, concerns and recommendations in respect to hockey violence. As well, about 130 young players from atom to midget level hockey were interviewed in groups and individually. Information was also gathered through more than 560 surveys, interviews with National Hockey League players including Alexander Mogilny, Mattias Ohlund and Bobby Orr, NHL referees Lloyd Gilmour and Malcolm Ashford, sports sociologists and medicine professionals and through an extensive review of literature and reports. Those who attended and contributed to these discussions demonstrated a readiness and commitment to improve the game of hockey and ensure that Canada’s national sport continues to promote fun, safety and positive attitudes. The findings and recommendations of this report will be distributed to the BCAHA, the Canadian Hockey Association and the National Hockey League. Findings While there is a consensus that a level of aggression and intensity is inherent to hockey, there is growing concern about player safety and increasing levels of violence in amateur hockey. Fighting is not necessarily an issue - it is banned in minor hockey and dealt with appropriately - it’s the illegal stickwork, hitting from behind and violent outbursts that are the greatest concerns. Adults were particularly concerned with harmful influences - aggressive parents, “hard line” coaching styles and negative NHL role models - from which their kids are learning unacceptable behaviour. Hockey has created a culture where certain violent acts that are punishable if they occurred on the streets are “part of the game” when occuring on the ice. 4 A Report on Violence in Hockey in B.C. The most consistent complaint from players and adults was about officiating - inconsistency in rule interpretation and application, inexperienced and too-young officials, disrespect for officials and a resultant inability to retain them. Body checking in early age levels of hockey was also a contentious issue. Most of the players and public forum participants, without prompting, advocated introducing body checking earlier than the bantam level. Proponents reasoned that because kids don’t know how to give and take a hit, they are more likely to resort to illegal tactics. Conversely, medical professionals say the risks of injury with early introduction of body checking warrant the ban of body checking in younger age levels. Recommendations Throughout the forum discussions and interviews there was never a sense that there was one explicit cause of violence in hockey. Solutions will therefore require commitment and action from various sources - parents, coaches, officials, players and all levels of administration. From this understanding comes 14 all-embracing recommendations including a commitment to fair play programs, establishing parent contracts and fair play committees; zero tolerance for violence policies for facilities; enhancing coach and official education; reducing game versus practice ratio (thereby focusing greater emphasis on skill development); establishing a two-referee (or variation) system in minor hockey; and calling on the NHL to support coach and official mentorship and training programs. A Report on Violence in Hockey in B.C. 5 Project Leader Veteran sportscaster Bernie Pascall is a former BCTV sports director and anchor and has provided play-by-play for the NHL Vancouver Canucks, Memorial Cup championships, and world hockey championships. He has also covered six Olympic Games including the historic 1980 Lake Placid Olympic game between Russia and the United States. Associations include, American Sportscasters Association, Football Reporters of Canada, NHL Broadcasters Association, Honourary
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