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A Revision of Mnesithea Kunth (Poaceae) in Thailand

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A Revision of Mnesithea Kunth (Poaceae) in Thailand Tropical Natural History 16(2): 79-95, October 2016 2016 by Chulalongkorn University A Revision of Mnesithea Kunth (Poaceae) in Thailand PAWEENA TRAIPERM1,*, LALITA KETHIRUN1,2,3, SASIVIMON C. SWANGPOL1, THAWEESAKDI BOONKERD4 AND PRANOM CHANTARANOTHAI5 1 Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, THAILAND 2 Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, THAILAND 3 M.Sc. Program in Plant Science, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, THAILAND 4 Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, THAILAND 5 Department of Biology and Center of Excellence on Biodiversity (BDC), Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, THAILAND * Corresponding Author: Paweena Traiperm ([email protected]) Received: 17 March 2016; Accepted: 27 June 2016 Abstract.– Recent cluster analysis suggests that the genus Hackelochloa Kuntze (Poaceae) should not be included in the genus Mnesithea s.l. It is thus an appropriate time to revise the genus Mnesithea found in Thailand for the ongoing Flora of Thailand project. The genus is represented in Thailand by seven species (one with two varieties) including M. striata var. pubescens (Hack.) S.M. Phillips & S.L. Chen, which is newly recorded variety for Thailand. Keys to the species and varieties are provided together with descriptions, distributions, ecological data and specimens examined. Illustrations and a brief summary on the lower glume micromorphology of all species are provided. The characteristics of the lower glumes by SEM can be used to support the species identification. KEY WORDS: Hackelochloa, micromorphology, SEM, taxonomy the genus (Veldkamp et al., 2013), which INTRODUCTION included other genera in the subtribe Rottboelliinae, i.e. Coelorachis, Hackelochloa Mnesithea is one of the questionable Kuntze, Heteropholis C.E. Hubb., genera in the tribe Andropogoneae Mnesithea, Ratzeburgia Kunth and (Poaceae). It was described by Kunth in Rottboellia formosa R.Br. (Veldkamp et al., 1829 from M. laevis (Retz.) Kunth by the 1986). In Thailand, the genera Coelorachis, presence of paired sessile spikelets. In Hackelochloa and Mnesithea have been contrast, the related genus, Coelorachis treated separately in a checklist that Brongn. was traditionally delineated on the enumerated one, two and five species, basis of a free pedicel and the presence of a respectively (Na Nakorn, 1996). However, pedicelled spikelet (Brongnard, 1831). this treatment lacked a key to the species However, these characters are now known and the taxonomic descriptions, leading to to be variable, as the fused pedicel can be misidentification and confusion in found in some species of Mnesithea such as classification. A few years later, a in M. khasiana (Bixing & Phillips, 2006). preliminary taxonomic study was conducted Moreover, the pedicelled spikelet varies and combined Coelorachis into Mnesithea, from well-developed to a minute vestige, but Hackelochloa still remained a separate but it is absent in Mnesithea (Bixing & genus (Traiperm, 2007). More recently, a Phillips, 2006). These overlapping publication re-evaluating the taxonomic characters led to the expansion of Mnesithea status of Hackelochloa similarly excluded (Veldkamp et al., 1986) and a revision of 80 TROPICAL NATURAL HISTORY 16(2), OCTOBER 2016 FIGURE 1. A-D. Mnesithea glandulosa; A. Habitat; B. Habit; C. Inflorescence; D. Partial raceme; E-F. Partial raceme; E. M. cancellata; F. M. helferi. Hackelochloa from Mnesithea s.l. (Arthan et Traiperm (2007). The present study al., 2016). Their phenetic analysis based on therefore set out to provide a complete UPGMA and principal component analysis taxonomic account of Thai Mnesithea, (PCA) supported a segregation of which excludes Hackelochloa, for the Hackelochloa from Mnesithea spp., which completion of the family Poaceae in the confirmed the previous investigation by Flora of Thailand. TRAIPERM ET AL. — A REVISION OF MNESITHEA IN THAILAND 81 MATERIALS AND METHODS Perennial grass, caespitose, often with a young propagule below, plant robust with A taxonomic revision was conducted broad leaf-blades. Leaf-sheath nearly tight mainly on herbarium specimens held at the or loose. Inflorescence composed of racemes, following herbaria: AAU, BCU, BK, BKF, terminal and axillary, rarely terminal only in BM, C, CMU, E, G, K, KKU, L, P, PSU, M. thailandica and often spatheate, a single QBG, SING and TCD. In addition, we cylindrical or flattened dorsiventral raceme, consulted the digitised specimens held at spikelets paired or occasionally in triplets of LD, LE, LINN, P and SING that are 2 sessile and 1 pedicelled, usually in three available online. Fresh materials from seven on below. Sessile spikelet paired or solitary, taxa collected from several locations in callus truncate with central peg. Glumes: Thailand were also investigated. Type lower glume ovate, oblong-ovate or specimens were compared directly at the triangular, coriaceous, winged or wingless, herbaria where possible, or from digital chartaceous to crustaceous, smooth, areolate images available online. Micromorpho- or cancellate, 2-keeled, keels winged logical characters of the lower glumes of the towards tip; upper glume awnless. Lower sessile spikelet were first examined using floret barren, with or without a small palea. Olympus SZX7 stereomicroscope, and high Upper floret fertile. Lodicules present. magnitude photos were taken by HITACHI Stamens 3. Ovary glabrous. Styles free bifid. S-2500 scanning electron microscope Grains dorsiventrally compressed. Pedicelled (SEM). The lower glume terminology used spikelet well developed or vestigial; pedicel follows Sumanon & Traiperm (2013), and free, clavate or foliaceous, sometimes Ortunez & Cano-Ruiz (2013). auriculate at tip or rarely absent. Pedicels free from the internode, rarely fused to internode. (Fig. 1) RESULTS A genus of seven species (one with two varieties) occurs in Thailand. TAXONOMIC TREATMENT Key to the species MNESITHEA 1. Pedicelled spikelet absent …. 4. M. laevis Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 1: 153. 1829. Type: 1. Pedicelled spikelet present …….…...… 2 M. laevis (Retz.) Kunth. 2. Lower glume of the sessile spikelet with Coelorachis Brongn. Voy. Monde 2(2): 64, 4–7 upwardly directed hooks on each f. 14. 1831. Type: C. muricata (Retz.) lateral side …….…..… 2. M. glandulosa Brongn. (lectotype), designated by 2. Lower glume of the sessile spikelet Veldkamp, Koning & Sosef (1986). entirely devoid of hooks ……...………. 3 Rottboellia sect. Apogonia Nutt., Gen. N. 3. Back of the lower glume of the sessile Amer. Pl. 1: 83. 1818. Type: R. rugosa spikelet glabrous, smooth or continuous Nutt. slit ………………………….………..... 4 Diperium Desv., Mém. Soc. Agric. Angers 3. Back of the lower glume of the sessile 1: 180, t. 9, f. 3.1831. Type: D. spikelet cancellate or hairy …………… 5 cylindricum Desv. (= M. laevis). 4. Node with a ring of cilia …. 3. M. helferi 4. Node glabrous …….…...…. 6. M. striata 82 TROPICAL NATURAL HISTORY 16(2), OCTOBER 2016 5. Lower glume of the sessile spikelet distinctly 6–7-nerved, glabrous; node at without apical or lateral wings base glabrous; spikelets oblong, 4–6 mm .………………………... 1. M. cancellata long, dorsally compressed, callus glabrous, 5. Lower glume of the sessile spikelet with base oblique with central peg. Sessile apical wings or wings along margins spikelets 3–4 mm long. Glumes: lower …………………………………..…….. 6 glume 3–3.5 by ca. 1.5 mm, oblong-ovate, 6. Back of the lower glume of the sessile indurate, cancellate on the back, apex spikelet with continuous ridge along the wingless, margins entire; upper glume 2.5– length and interrupted by hairs or 3.5 by ca. 1 mm, boat-shaped, 3-nerved, tubercle-based hairs .................................. glabrous, keeled along the midnerved from ………………………... 5. M. mollicoma base to apex on the back, keeled scabrous, 6. Back of the lower glume of the sessile apex acute. Lower floret; lemma 2–2.5 mm spikelet with densely appressed hairs …... long, oblong, hyaline, folded; palea absent. …………………....….. 7. M. thailandica Upper floret: lemma ca. 2 mm long, oblong, hyaline, folded. Lodicules ca. 0.7 mm long, 1. Mnesithea cancellata (Ridl.) Ridl., Fl. cuneate. Ovary ca. 0.7 mm long, elliptic. Malay Penin. 5: 206. 1925.— Rottboellia Anthers 1.2–1.5 mm long. Pedicelled cancellata Ridl., J. Malayan Branch Roy. spikelet present, 1.5–2.5 mm long, reduced Asiat. Soc. 59: 228. 1911.— Rottboellia into 2 asymmetrical glumes. Pedicels 2.5–3 foveolata Holttum, Gard. Bull. Singapore mm long, ribbon-like, distinctly 2 green 11: 297. 1947, nom superfl.— Coelorachis lines, glabrous. foveolata (Holttum) Jansen, Reinwardtia Thailand.– NORTHERN: Chiang Mai [Doi 2(2): 256. 1953.— Coelorachis cancellata Suthep, Wang Bua Ban, 11 Aug. 1987, J.F. (Ridl.) Bor, Dansk Bot. Ark. 20: 168. 1962. Maxwell 87-856 (CMU)]; NORTH- Type: Malay Peninsula, H.N. Ridley 15231 EASTERN: Loei [Phu Kradueng, 23 Mar. (holotype SING!; isotype K!). 1954, T. Smitinand 1792 (BKF, K); 20 Mar. Coelorachis clathrata Henrard, Blumea 1958, Th. Sørensen et al. 2349 (BKF, C, E, 4(3): 519. 1941. Type: Vietnam, Annam, K); 12 Nov. 2004, P. Traiperm 161 (BCU, Quinhon, Balansa s.n. (isotype L!). BKF, KKU); Phu Ruea, 17 Apr. 1968, C. Chermsirivathana 943 (BK); 24 Jul. 2004, Culms up to 1 m tall, erect, slender, P. Traiperm 122 (BCU, BKF, KKU); 4 Dec. rather dense tussock, internodes terete, 2004, P. Traiperm 188 (BCU, BKF, KKU); glabrous, nodes with a ring of short ciliate 28 Mar.
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