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Supplementary Descriptions of Inflorescence and Achene of Two Species of Elatostema (Urticaceae) from China

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Supplementary Descriptions of Inflorescence and Achene of Two Species of Elatostema (Urticaceae) from China Taiwania 64(2): 198-201, 2019 DOI: 10.6165/tai.2019.64.198 NOTE Supplementary descriptions of inflorescence and achene of two species of Elatostema (Urticaceae) from China Long-Fei FU1, Zi-Bing XIN1, Alexandre K. MONRO2, Fang WEN1, Shu LI1, Yi-Gang WEI1,* 1. Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Conservation and Restoration Ecology in Karst Terrain. Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin 541006, Guangxi, China. 2. Identification and Naming Department, Herbarium, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, London, UK. *Corresponding author’s email: [email protected] (Manuscript received 23 December 2018; accepted 15 March 2019; online published 9 May 2019) ABSTRACT: We demonstrate the high value of the inflorescence and achene for taxon delimitation in Elatostema. Over half of the descriptions of the ca 280 species described from China, however, lack information on inflorescence and/or achene morphology and this hampers the progress of species discovery and infrageneric classification. In this paper we supplement the descriptions, illustrations and photos of infructescence and achene of Elatostema binatum and staminate inflorescence of E. fengshanense in order to support future taxonomic revisions of this species-rich genus. In addition, we assessed the extinction threat of these species. KEY WORDS: Elatostema binatum, E. fengshanense, Conservation assessment, Guangxi, Infructescence, Limestone cave. INTRODUCTION extensive supplementary research and fieldwork to decrease these proportions (Wu et al., 2012a, 2012b; Fu Elatostema J.R. Forst. & G. Forst. (Urticaceae) comprises et al., 2014b; Chen et al., 2017), the documentation of several hundred species of herbs and subshrubs that grow these characters remains a high priority for future study. in deep shade of forests, gorges, stream sides and caves During our investigations of limestone karst in (Wang, 2014; Fu et al., 2017). Elatostema is distributed Guangxi, China, in 2018, Elatostema binatum and E. throughout tropical and subtropical Africa, Madagascar, fengshanense were collected with infructescences and Asia, Australasia and Oceania. China is a center of staminate inflorescences respectively. After a thorough diversity for Elatostema as at least 280 species occur review of the literature we confirmed that the there (Wang, 2014), especially on karst (Fu et al., 2019). infructescence (including achene) and staminate Recent phylogenetic studies have reassessed the inflorescence of these species had not hitherto been circumscription of Elatostema s.l. and its generic and described (Lin et al., 2003; Wu et al., 2012a, 2012b; Fu subgeneric classification based on morphological and et al., 2014b; Wang, 2014; Chen et al., 2017). Thus we molecular evidence (Tseng et al., 2019). The newly supplement the existing species descriptions to support defined Elatostema sensu auct. comprises four clades: the identification, description of new species and core Elatostema, Pellionia, Weddellia, and African classification of these species and facilitate their Elatostema and does not support the classification of subsequent conservation. Wang (1980, 2014). The core Elatostema clade comprises the majority of Elatostema and occurs mainly MATERIALS AND METHODS in China, Southeast Asia and Oceania. Because of unclear relationships amongst the species within this Specimens of Elatostema binatum and E. clade, however, their classification within the clade has fengshanense were collected in their natural habitat in never been achieved. Elatostema species are difficult to Yangzi cave, Fengshan County, Guangxi, China and distinguish from each other due to their tiny flowers deposited at the herbarium of the Guangxi Institute of congested into receptacle-like involucres, variation in Botany (IBK). The infructescences of E. binatum staminate tepal number and the reduced nature of the including mature achenes, and the staminate pistillate tepals (Fu et al., 2014a). The inflorescence and inflorescences of E. fengshanense were carefully achene include more informative characters useful for detached from the herbarium specimens and examined determining the systematic position and infrageneric under an Olympus SZX16 binocular microscope and relationships in this genus (Wang, 2010; Tseng et al., Plan Apo lens at × 10 and × 90 magnifications (Japan). 2019). However, information is lacking on pistillate Photos were taken using the Olympus DP72 digital inflorescence (21%), staminate inflorescence (29%) and imaging system (Japan) and line drawings prepared from achene (44%) of Chinese species (Wang, 2014). Despite the dissecting microscope images. 198 June 2019 Fu et al. : Supplementary description of Elatostema Fig. 1. Photographs of two Elatostema species. E. binatum W.T. Wang. A: Habit, C: Paired pistillate infructescences with mature achenes; E. fengshanense W.T. Wang & Y.G. Wei. B: Habit, D: Paired staminate inflorescences. (Photograph by L.F. Fu) TAXONOMIC DISCUSSION per flower, subequal, ca. 0.7 × 0.07 mm, lanceolate-linear, membranous, semitransparent; pistillate flower not seen. Elatostema binatum W.T. Wang in Guihaia 27(6): 813. Achenes 10–15 per infructescence, 0.703–0.769 × 0.326– 2007. Fig. 1: A, C; Fig. 2: A–C 0.398 mm, length : width ratio 1.8–2.1, ellipsoid, with 6– Type: CHINA. Guangxi: Fengshan County, Lin- 7 narrow longitudinal ribs, pale brown. dong, in cave on a limestone hill, 23 April 2007, Y.G. Specimens examined: CHINA. Guangxi: Fengshan County, Wei 0779 (holotype: PE!; isotype: IBK!) Yangzi cave, N 107°04′53″ E 24°24′38″, 740 m, L.F. Fu & Z.B. Xin Pistillate infructescences axillary, paired, subsessile, FLF180528-14 (IBK, TAI). Notes: In a recent phylogenetic analysis Elatostema involucre receptaculate, bracteolate; receptaculate involucre binatum was recovered in a moderately supported clade 1.4–1.7 × 3–3.3 mm, rectangular, deeply divided into two comprising it, E. oblongifolium and E. tenuinerve (Tseng lobes, each lobe further weakly divided into two lobes, et al., 2019). Despite similarities in leaf shape among glabrous, subtended by marginal bracts, bracts ca. 24, these three species, they have completely different subequal, triangular, 0.4–0.6 × 0.2–0.3 mm; bracteoles 2 staminate inflorescence morphology and so would not 199 Taiwania Vol. 64, No. 2 Fig. 2. Illustrations of two Elatostema species. E. binatum W.T. Wang. A: Pistillate infructescence; B: achene; C: Pistillate bracteole; E. fengshanense W.T. Wang & Y.G. Wei. D: Staminate inflorescence; E: Immature staminate flower; F: staminate bracteole. (Illustration by Yi-Xuan Zhu) have been considered closely-related based on Wang’s Elatostema fengshanense W.T. Wang & Y.G. Wei in classification which treated the structure of staminate Guihaia 29(6): 714. 2009. inflorescence as key morphology at section level (Wang, Fig. 1: B, D; Fig. 2: D–F 1980, 2014). The structure of the pistillate Type: CHINA. Guangxi: Fengshan County, in infructescence and achene morphology, however, does limestone hills, 22 April 2008, Y.G. Wei 08018 (holotype: supports this relationship with all three species PE!; isotype: IBK!). possessing a receptaculate involucre divided into four Staminate inflorescence axillary, paired, pedunculate, lobes, numerous bracts, and ellipsoidal achenes with 6– involucre receptaculate, bracteolate, bearing ca. 60 7 narrow longitudinal ribs (Wang, 2014). flowers; peduncle ca. 2 × 0.7 mm, glabrous; Conservation status: An assessment of extinction receptaculate involucre ca. 6 × 4 mm, rectangular or threat is presented here based on IUCN methodology oblong, weakly divided into two lobes, glabrous, (2012, version 3.1). Elatostema binatum is known from subtended by marginal bracts, bracts 6, unequal, only three localities where there are ca. 150 mature glabrous, outer major bracts 2, inner minor bracts 4; individuals (<250 mature individuals, criteria D). Three major bracts ca. 1.4 × 4.0 mm, broadly ovate, with 3-5 localities are in limestone karst, associated with caves longitudinal ribs, each rib extending apically as a and close to agricultural land, which although deforested corniculate protuberance; minor bracts, obovate, ca. 2 × in the past, appears not to be actively disturbed. Using 3 mm, abaxial surface with 1-2 longitudinal ribs, at least the IUCN methodology we assess E. binatum as 1 rib extending apically as a corniculate protuberance. Endangered (EN) based on criteria D: population size Staminate flowers (only immature ones seen) pedicellate; and number of locations combined with a plausible bracteoles 2 per flower, subequal, ca. 2.1 × 0.4 mm, future threat that could drive this taxon to Extinct in a spatulate-linear, membranous, semitransparent, apex very short time. The most active threats include the use sparsely ciliate. of caves in agriculture to store livestock or cultivate Specimens examined: CHINA. Guangxi: Fengshan County, medicinal plants, the mining of the limestone hills for Yangzi cave, N107°04′53″ E24°24′38″, 740 m, L.F. Fu & Z.B. Xin cement production, or tourism (Monro et al., 2018). FLF180528-11 (IBK, TAI); same locality, A.K. Monro & Y.G. Wei 6651 (BM, IBK). 200 June 2019 Fu et al. : Supplementary description of Elatostema Notes: In a recent phylogenetic analysis Elatostema LITERATURE CITED fengshanense was recovered in a strongly supported clade comprising also E. balansae, E. cyrtandrifolium Chen, X.-Q., L.-F. Fu, F. Wen, S. Li, Y. Liu and Y.-G. Wei. and E. garrettii (Tseng et al., 2019). The description of 2017. Supplementary description of achenes
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