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The February 16Th Earthquake Sequence in Central Italy, a Tool for Improving Microzonation Results in the Municipality of Arpino D

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The February 16Th Earthquake Sequence in Central Italy, a Tool for Improving Microzonation Results in the Municipality of Arpino D GNGTS 2013 SEssIONE 2.3 THE FEBRUARY 16TH EARTHQUAKE SEQUEncE in CENTRAL ITALY, A TOOL FOR impROving micROZONATION RESULTS in THE MUnicipAliTY OF ARpinO D. Famiani1-3, M. Manuel2, G. Milana3 1 DISTAV – Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell’Ambiente e della Vita, Università degli Studi di Genova, Italy 2 Geotecnica e geognostica SRL, Frosinone, Italy 3 Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, INGV, Rome, Italy Introduction. Microzonation studies, (hereinafter MS) are widely recognized as a useful tool to investigate the variation of earthquake-induced ground shacking as a function of the geological and geotechnical characteristics of the shallow soil layers. Moreover the results of MS can be used as an instrument for urban planning. Even though already performed after seismic events in Italy both at local scale as for the 1976 Friuli event and a regional scale, as for the Umbria-Marche event of September 1997, MS studies become a standard procedure in Italy following the L’Aquila (Mw 6.3) event of April 2009 and now they are required in the areas most prone to high level of seismicity. The MS is regulated by the guidelines promoted by the Civil Defence Department (DPC) since 2008 (Gruppo di lavoro MS, 2008) and contemplates studies at three different stages of detail the simplest one being indicated as MS of level 1 (hereinafter MS1). In MS the use of recorded seismic events, either strong and weak motion types, is indicated as a useful tool for evaluating the seismic response of a site. Moreover the analysis of the recorded seismicity can be used to verify and confirm the amplification factors found using numerical modelling of seismic response as required by MS guidelines. This kind of data can be easily collected after a major seismic event or during a seismic sequence and/or in areas where the background seismicity rate is quite high. Unfortunately in many cases real seismic data are not used in MS due to the difficulties of recording seismic event in a short time in many region of the country. This is particularly true for MS1 that only implies the collection of existent information about the geological and geotechnical conditions of the investigated 389 131218 - OGS.Atti.32_vol.2.sez.3.08.indd 389 07/11/13 09.04 GNGTS 2013 SEssIONE 2.3 areas and does not implies any monitoring activities except for some ambient noise single station measurements. This limitation is implicit in the definition of MS1 that is only dedicated to defining, mainly on the base of geological information, the areas suitable of seismic amplification with a homogenous behaviour without evaluating any amplification factor. As already pointed out the Civil Defence Department (DPC) promoted MS1 for the areas characterized by a high seismic risk in Italy. The Lazio County is part of DPC MS program and many municipalities, including the city of Arpino, the object of this paper, were already investigated by MS1. Historical seismicity. Arpino, located at the Southeastern edge of Lazio County, on the hillside area of the Lazio-Abruzzi Apennine chain, experienced in the past several seismic events that caused important damages to the urban structures. In particular the 1915 Mw 7.0 Avezzano event was felt with a MCS macroseismic intensity 8, and the 1654 Sorano-Marsica Mw 6.3 event induced a MCS intensity 9. The epicentral distances for these events were of about 30 and 6 kilometres respectively. On February 2013 the area of Sora (about 8 kilometers North-West of Arpino) was hit by a seismic sequence of low to moderate magnitude events with the mainshock of February 16th with Mw of 4.8 according to the data recorded by the Italian Seismic Network (RSNC) (http:// iside.rm.ingv.it). The sequence lasted for more than two months and generated several tenths of aftershocks. The mainshock of February 16th was clearly felt by the citizens of Arpino, as testified by the MCS map produced thanks to the 4543 questionnaires compiled on line after the event. Despite to its low magnitude the event was able to generate some very light damage in Arpino probably due to the high vulnerability of buildings (http://www.haisentitoilterremoto. it). The focal mechanism associated to the mainshock is essentially normal with strike oriented in the NW-SE direction in agreement with the general NE-SW extensional trend of the area. Seismic data collection and geological setting. The high seismicity rate observed during the seismic sequence offered the opportunity to record, in a very short lapse time, weak motion seismic data in the epicentral area. For this reason four seismic stations (herein after AR stations) were installed in the Arpino municipality starting from February 23, and active until April 4. The installed instruments were based on high sensitivity Reftek 130 data loggers connected to three component seismometers Lennartz LE3D-5s with eigenfrequency of 0.2 Hz and sensitivity of 400 v/m/s. Stations were operating in a continuous recording mode with a sample frequency of 125 samples per second. Absolute timing was ensured by GPS synchronization. The selection of the recording sites was based upon the MS1 results, in particular on the distribution of the so-called “MOPS” that are intended as areas characterized by an homogeneous seismic behaviour. In MS1 the MOPS are defined starting from the geological and lithotechnical maps of the investigated area. The geological setting of Arpino territory is clearly connected to the evolution of the Lazio-Abruzzi Apennine chain mostly constituted by Cretaceous-Paleocene calcareous sequence. This unit represents the geological and seismic bedrock for the overlying continental deposits. In the MOPS map (Fig. 1) the area were this calcareous bedrock outcrops is indicated as stable and named as S1if it presents a slope less 30%. According to the Italian building code (NTC, 2008) the same unit is considered suitable for topographic amplification and is indicated as SA1 when its slope is higher than 30%. The most widely diffused deposit outcropping in the Arpino area is the Plio-Pleistocenic so- called Santopadre formation (Angelucci, 1970). This Formation, having a thickness up to about some hundreds metres, consist of two members: the lower one is composed of coarse to fine– grained silty sandstone and clayey siltstones, deposited in a fluvio-lacustrine and palustrine environment; the upper one is composed mainly of old alluvial sediments constituted by 390 131218 - OGS.Atti.32_vol.2.sez.3.08.indd 390 07/11/13 09.04 GNGTS 2013 SEssIONE 2.3 calcareous conglomerates and sandstone locally interbedded with siltstone (Carrara et al., 1995). It has, for its own genesis, an extreme vertical and horizontal lithological variability. In fact, the depositional mechanism is influenced both by the general standards of a fluvio-lacustrine depositional environment and the sin sedimentary tectonic activity of listric faults present in the very central portion of the town but also more widely distributed in the entire municipality. The former contribution is responsible, mainly inside the lower member of the formation, for vertical and lateral eteropies of the Santopadre Formation typical of the downstream junction sediments with moderate transport energy. This implies a not jet tectonic contribution that is instead evident in the textural structure of the upper member of the formation, on the occasion of the sudden beginning of an important mountain range uplift. This new mechanism induces a production of a huge quantity of high-energy debris flow deposits, which would have been transported and deposited downstream, tilted up by the syntectonic activity of the normal fault system. This feature does not allow us to associate one lithostratigraphic succession for the entire formation and furthermore we are likely to deal with this problem once we focus our attention on the test sites of our study. There is, in fact, a lateral EW oriented unconformity that keeps in tectonic contact the limestone bedrock of the northern part of the historical centre with the southern part located on the Santopadre formation. In the MOPS map this geological unit is indicated as an area prone to seismic amplification and is named as SA2. Both calcareous bedrock and Santopadre conglomerates are often overlaid by karstic alteration deposits indicated on the MOPS map as SA3 and SA4 respectively. Locally some outcrop of travertine Pleistocene deposits are found in the area and named as SA5 in the MOPS map. Recent alluvial deposits are found in a fluvial valley located at the foothill of Arpino historical centre. This unit is reported as SA6 in the MOPS map. In order to investigate the possible differences in the seismic response in the area we installed a first seismic station on the stable S1 area in the historical centre of Arpino (AR1). Due to the 391 131218 - OGS.Atti.32_vol.2.sez.3.08.indd 391 07/11/13 09.04 GNGTS 2013 SEssIONE 2.3 local geological characteristics this station should not present significant amplification effects on ground motion. A second instrument (AR4) was deployed in the alluvial valley (SA6) which corresponds to an area of possible future industrial expansion. Soft soil layers corresponding to the recent alluvial deposits characterize this recording site suggesting the presence of some amplification effects in a frequency range of interest from the engineering point of view. The other two instruments were installed on the Santopadre Formation, the first in the historical city centre the second on a hilly area representative of the countryside of the city. Our choice of installing two instruments (AR2 and AR3) on the same MOPS unit (SA2) was motivated by the extreme lateral and vertical variability of the characteristics of the formation in terms of lithotypes that range from conglomerates to siltstone.
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