Salisbury Historic Environment Assessment

. A report for English Heritage report for English A Use Consultants Prepared by Land April 2009 SALISBURY HISTORIC ENVIRONMENT ENVIRONMENT HISTORIC SALISBURY ASSESSMENT Final Report

SALISBURY HISTORIC ENVIRONMENT ASSESSMENT

Final Report

Prepared for English Heritage by Land Use Consultants

April 2009

14 Great George Street, Bristol, BS1 5RH London NW1 1JD Tel: 0117 929 1997 Fax: 0117 929 1998 [email protected]

CONTENTS

1. Introduction ...... 3 Background...... 3 Study Objectives...... 3 Proposed development sites ...... 3 Structure of this report ...... 6

2. Methodology ...... 7 Summary of Existing Historic Environment Assessments...... 7 Data Sources...... 7 Method ...... 8

3. Context...... 11 Introduction...... 11 Statement of Significance for the Study Area ...... 11 Heritage values ...... 14 Sense of place...... 14 Understanding sites in context...... 14

4. Summary of Conclusions and Reccommendations ...... 21 Mitigation measures...... 26 Undiscovered archaeology ...... 26

i TABLES

Table 1.1: Proposed Development Sites……………………………………………..……...4 Table 4.1: Summary of conclusions on the risk to the historic environment (known sites) from each proposed development site………………………………………………...……..22 Table 4.2: Summary of conclusions on the risk to potential archaeology on each proposed development site……………………………………………………………………………...24 Table 4.3: Summary of the risk to the historic environment overall, and the risk to potential archaeology of each proposed development site……………………………...…...26

MAPS

Map 1.1: proposed development sites……………………………………………….…….…5 Map 2.1: proposed development sites and the 1km and 5km study areas……….….…...... 10 Map 3.1: statutory heritage sites within the study area……………………………….….....13 Map 3.2: visibility of scheduled monuments within the study area……………………..…..16 Map 3.3: visibility of scheduled monuments in relation to proposed development sites…..17 Map 3.4: visibility of listed buildings within the study area..………………………..……….18 Map 3.5: visibility of listed buildings in relation to proposed development sites…………...19 Map 3.6: key views identified within the study area………………………………..……….20 Map 4.1: proposed sites according to overall risk to known heritage……………………...23 Map 4.2: proposed sites according to risk to potential archaeology.……………….……...25

APPENDICES

APPENDIX 1: Proposed Development Site Descriptions……………………………..…29

1. INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND 1.1. Salisbury District Council (SDC – to be superseded by Wiltshire Council on 1st April 2009) is currently preparing its Local Development Framework (LDF) and will be allocating strategic sites to accommodate a 5-year supply of 3,775 new homes and associated levels of employment space with broad locations for development for years 6-20. Obvious and uncontroversial options to do so are limited, reflecting the historic importance of Salisbury, adjacent settlements and their setting.

1.2. Chris Blandford Associates were commissioned by SDC to carry out a Landscape Character Assessment and Settlement Setting Assessment (SSA) of the District to inform and assess a number of proposed development sites published for consultation in February 2008 and again in September 2008. However English Heritage was of the view that consideration of the impact on the historic environment was only partial (as this was not the primary focus of these two studies).

1.3. In view of the national significance of south Wiltshire’s historic landscape, English Heritage is anxious to ensure strategic spatial decisions are not made without a clear understanding of the effect on the historic environment.

1.4. In late January 2009, in order to strengthen the existing evidence base and ensure the emerging choices are the most appropriate, English Heritage commissioned Land Use Consultants (LUC) to provide an independent review of the potential effects of the spatial options put forward by SDC and their impact on the historic environment.

Study objectives 1.5. To support English Heritage’s ongoing discussions with SDC to encourage suitable spatial options, by the provision of robust and independent evidence on likely effects on the historic environment, to supplement the CBA studies.

1.6. Specifically, this study has been required to consider the impact of the proposed development sites on:

• prehistoric landscape, known and unknown archaeology in general

• setting of individual monuments (e.g. Old Sarum and Roman Roads)

• setting, key views in and out of Longford (grade ll*) and Wilton (grade 1) designed landscapes (and also including Amesbury Abbey - grade ll*).

• the setting of Salisbury and key views in and out of Salisbury

• historic farmsteads Proposed development sites 1.7. The list of proposed development sites was provided by Salisbury District Council, along with GIS boundaries of each site. These sites fall into three categories (although some are a combination):

a] Sites that are currently undeveloped (Greenfield sites) b] Sites that are in the process of development but where there is still scope to reduce the impact of development on the historic environment. In these cases there is outline planning permission for the whole site but there may be potential to address conservation of particular aspects of the historic environment under reserve matters at the time that a full planning application is made for all or part of the site. c] Sites that are currently developed (Brownfield sites) but are proposed for redevelopment. Here there is an opportunity to increase the positive and reduce the negative impact of development on the historic environment by clearly taking account of the historic environment in any redevelopment proposals. 1.8. Spatially these sites lie within and around the historic cores of Salisbury; Amesbury and Wilton, with potential development close to Odstock hospital (Map 1.1). Table 1.1: Proposed Development Sites Site category Proposed Site No. of proposed Site Name (see 1.7 Employment Number dwellings above) site? 1 Archers Gate, Amesbury b No 1025 2 Bulbridge, Wilton a No 45 3 Central Carpark c Yes 200 4 Churchfields c No 1380 5 Engine shed c (derelict) No 100 6 Fugglestone Red a and c Yes 1250 7 Hampton Park a No 500 8 Imerys, Wilton c Yes 0 9 Old Manor Hospital, Salisbury c No 80 10 Old Sarum a Yes 1000 11 Salisbury Hospital (Odstock) a Yes 1000 12 Solstice Park, Amesbury b Yes 0 South of Netherhampton Road a and c Yes 400 13 Harnham 14 UKLF, Wilton c No 600 15 West of Downton Road a No 60 16 Wilton Middle School c No 60

Map 1.1: proposed development sites

*See site descriptions in Appendix 1 for more detailed maps of each site

Structure of this report 1.9. This report divides into two main parts:

• The Main Report – Chapters 1 – 4, seek to summarise the main findings of this study. Chapter 2 sets out the methodology followed; Chapter 3 describes the strategic historic context of Salisbury and its surrounding settlements; while Chapter 4 summarises the recommendations and conclusions reached through this study.

• Appendix 1: Proposed Development Sites – takes each proposed development site in turn and describes the site’s: background; know and unknown archaeology on the site and in the immediate vicinity (including identification of statutory heritage sites); possible influences on the setting and visual sensitivity of settlements, historic monuments, listed building and designed parks and gardens; and concludes with a summary of key values and pressures. 1.10. The Appendix therefore contains all the site-specific detail.

2. METHODOLOGY

SUMMARY OF EXISTING HISTORIC ENVIRONMENT ASSESSMENTS 2.1. The Landscape Character Assessment (LCA) undertaken by Chris Blandford Associates (CBA) summarises previous studies of the changing human influences on the landscape of Salisbury District, and provides a useful context to this more detailed review of the historic environment.

2.2. The companion Settlement Setting Assessment (SSA) contains a clear emphasis on the cultural aspects of the landscape. It provides a broad overview of townscape character and the generic factors and areas of sensitivity that influence its setting. It identifies: • Key views into settlements • The gateways into settlements • The role of different areas in townscape character • The overall setting of the settlement.

Area-specific recommendations are given on how to preserve or enhance the character of each area in order to enhance the overall settlement setting.

2.3. The SSA has informed this assessment with the series of maps accompanying each settlement assessment used as a starting point for identifying potential key issues, key views, and potential sensitivities for each proposed development site.

DATA SOURCES 2.4. Data used through this study have included:

Data and supporting information • Historic OS maps - 1:10560 County Series Epochs 1 (1843-1893), 2 (1891-1912), 3 (1904-1939) and 4 (1919-1943) • Modern OS maps (25k) • Aerial photos (from Getmapping, flown between May and September 2005) • Topographic data (Nextmap 5m RADAR Digital Elevation Models (both terrain and surface models) • The Wiltshire and Swindon Sites and Monuments Record http://history.wiltshire.gov.uk/smr/ • The National Monuments Record (through Pastscape http://www.pastscape.org.uk/)

GIS layers • Proposed development sites (from SDC) • English Heritage statutory sites (Registered Parks and Gardens; Registered Battlefields; Scheduled Monuments and Listed Buildings) • Conservation Areas (from SDC) • Landscape character areas (from the CBA landscape character assessment) • Townscape Role and Function (from the CBA Settlement Setting Assessment)."

METHOD 2.5. English Heritage has recently published Conservation Principles, Policies and Guidance (2008) that looks at the sustainable management of the historic environment. This emphasises the different types of value that may be inherent in a place and how to manage these sustainably. 2.6. Following these guidelines, we have made an assessment of the historic values relating to each proposed development site; the key sensitivities and impact on the historic environment raised by the potential development of the site; and the potential opportunities available to address or reduce the impact of these issues. 2.7. Specifically the key tasks that have been undertaken are: 1. Proposed development sites: Identification with SDC of the potential development sites to be considered by the study and collection of all relevant historic data relating to each site, based on contacts with English Heritage, SDC and the County Archaeologist. 2. Review of the SSA: Review of the data on settlement setting and the special qualities that need to be conserved in order to retain the character of each settlement, as set out in the SSA.1 3. Desk study: A rapid desk-based assessment of each proposed site in turn and review of all relevant historic data. The scale of analysis was twofold: a broad landscape scale analysis at 5km from the proposed sites identifying key historic sites that may be affected by the development; and a more detailed in depth study at 1km from the proposed sites. Aerial photographs2 and historic maps were studied for every site using all the sources as identified in para. 2.4 above. 4. Analysis of GIS data: Overlaying of GIS data layers to identify sites and areas of particular sensitivity again using the ‘5km’ and ‘1km’ study areas (see Map 2.1). 5. Preparation of viewshed maps: Creation of viewshed maps for the entire study area (5km area around the proposed sites) using a 5m resolution Digital Elevation Model). The maps show how many sites of a given type are visible from every cell within the study area. Such computer models have their limitations, but they remain a useful tool in showing general patterns and indications of trends in the landscape as well as highlighting potential areas of visual sensitivity. These maps (which are set out in Chapter 3) cover:

• Views to Scheduled Monuments (Map 3.2 and 3.3) • Views to Listed Buildings (Maps 3.4 and 3.5) • Key Views highlighted in Settlement Setting Analysis (Map 3.6)

6. Site visits: Initial conclusions reached on the impacts on monuments and listed buildings; on the setting of settlements, monuments and designed landscapes; and on

1 The Settlement Setting Assessment classified areas of land in and around Salisbury and Amesbury as to their overall role in the setting of the settlement as a whole. Further, areas of land were divided and classified according to the special qualities that were in need of safeguarding in order to retain the character of the settlement. These two classifications were studied for each site at an early stage of analysis to provide context. They gave a useful insight into the possible role the land each site is in has to the settlement as a whole 2 The study of aerial photographs was restricted to one set from the summer of 2005 obtained from Salisbury District Council. In addition, the findings of the Air Survey team at the National Monuments Record are available through the website Pastscape which was used in this study. Wherever relevant this has also been referred to.

views to and from settlements, monuments, and designed parks and gardens, were tested in the field to ensure their validity3. This included a separate site visits to Wilton Park and Amesbury Abbey to identify the effects of the proposed development sites on key views from these designed landscapes. Access to Longford Park was not possible as the site is in private ownership. Nevertheless, a site visit that took in the boundaries of Longford Park indicated that none of the proposed development sites would fall within views from the Park.

7. Analysis and conclusions: A final assessment was made of the likely impacts of the proposed development sites on the historic environment, based on all the findings of the study (as summarised in Chapter 4).

2.8. An outline description of each development site and its potential impact on the historic environment is set out in Chapter 4. Appendix 1 provides the analysis for each proposed development site in turn, split into four main sections in line with the objectives of this study:

Site location

Planning context

Evidence Looking at Known and unknown archaeology: What potential evidential value4 is there within the site? What is known surrounding the site, and what is there potentially to be found? Also covering statutory sites, known archaeology (prehistoric to modern), farmsteads and field systems, designed landscapes, and historic buildings.

Possible influence on setting and views: Considering how development of the site could affect the setting or key views in or out relating to sites and monuments, farmsteads and designed landscapes, and the setting to individual historic settlements.

Summary of sensitivities and impacts Considering the sensitivity of the site to development, a summary of impacts, mitigation measures required to reduce these impacts on the historic environment, and what further information is needed to understand these impacts (reflecting the guidance in the English Heritage’s Conservation Principles (2008), In all cases it is assumed that development will be of the highest quality and there will be ongoing efforts by the planning authority to minimise impacts on the historic environment as plans and proposals evolve

3 The assessment of views from and to designed landscapes, historic buildings and scheduled monuments was undertaken in line with “Seeing History in the View: A method of assessing heritage significance within views (English Heritage, 2008)”. However, views were only assessed where they included a potential development site. A detailed consideration of all key views from designed landscapes was not within the scope of this study. The impact of development on views was then included as part of the overall assessment of impact on settlement setting, site or monument setting or designed landscape setting in Table 4.1 and described more fully in the “Possible influence on setting and views” section in each site description in Appendix 1. 4 According to English Heritage, 2008. Conservation Principles, Policies and Guidance Ch 3

Map 2.1: proposed development sites and the 5km and 1km study areas

3. CONTEXT

INTRODUCTION 3.1. This chapter considers the historic context of Salisbury, Wilton and Amesbury as important background to the review of individual proposed development sites (described in Appendix 1).

3.2. The evolution of Salisbury’s landscape is considered in the separate LCA and SSA prepared by Chris Blandford Associates and therefore is not considered further. Here the focus is on the ‘5km study area’ – defined as 5km from the combination of all the proposed development sites that have been considered through this study.

STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE FOR THE STUDY AREA 3.3. The landscape around Salisbury, Amesbury and Wilton contains rich and internationally significant evidence of human activity from the Neolithic onwards. It is one of the most important cultural landscapes in England. The remains of past settlement, agriculture and land use, ritual activity, as well as medieval town planning and 18th century designed landscapes lie within a palimpsest landscape representing many thousands of years of human settlement. 3.4. The prehistoric landscape of the region is of international significance, centring on the World Heritage Site at Stonehenge. Even beyond the World Heritage Site boundary, remains of the prehistoric landscape are abundant, perhaps most notably in the numerous Bronze Age barrows scattered along the ridgelines of the chalk downland over a much wider area. Further prehistoric features include the Iron Age hillforts of Vespasian’s Camp, Ogbury Camp, Great Woodbury and, perhaps most commanding, Old Sarum. The sheer density of prehistoric evidence demonstrates how significant this region was from the Palaeolithic to Iron Age. Such evidence is rarely found elsewhere in the country to this extent and level of preservation. 3.5. The Roman settlement of Sorviodunum lies close to the centre of the study area, immediately to the south west of Old Sarum. The numerous Roman roads that radiated out from here to the north, east, south west and north east linking with other regional Roman civic centres are still used to this day suggesting the continuous settlement of an area of great importance within the region. 3.6. The hilltop settlement of Old Sarum was settled continuously from the Iron Age, through the Roman, Saxon and Norman Periods, until the 13th century when the settlement moved down the hill and became Salisbury as it is today. During this time the settlement grew until it housed an entire city within the ramparts, including a cathedral and fortified castle. The importance of Old Sarum during Norman times is highlighted by the fact it was chosen by William the Conqueror as the location where he paid off his army in 1070, and where in 1086 he summoned all the great landowners of England to swear an oath of loyalty to him. 3.7. Salisbury is a planned cathedral city that has largely retained its original medieval grid street pattern. The foundations of the Cathedral date to the 13th century, and the spire now dominates the surrounding landscape. As a result, it has become key to the identity of the City as a whole, whilst providing a direct and highly visual connection with its past.

3.8. Salisbury is at the confluence of five rivers – the Nadder, Ebble, Wylye, Bourne and Avon - and the medieval water meadows that once covered their floodplains are still a visible and characteristic feature of the landscape. Water meadows are increasingly rare historic features that are again directly associated with the setting of Salisbury and its surrounding settlements. The iconic picture postcard image of the City today is taken across the water meadows towards the Cathedral with gently rolling downland beyond.

3.9. The small market town of Wilton largely dates from the Saxon period, and was an important centre for trade until it became dwarfed by the growing settlement of Salisbury to the east. Wilton House has been the country seat of the Earls of Pembroke for over 400 years, yet has been the site of a significant building since the 9th century when it was a priory. The current house and associated buildings (many Grade I) and Registered Landscaped Park (also Grade I) are now an important tourist attraction. Wilton is also home to the United Kingdom Land Forces (and will continue to be until they leave the site in 2010). The army barracks currently occupy a large part of the land immediately surrounding the historic core of Wilton which is a Conservation Area, partly masking the earlier historic importance of this small town.

3.10. The medieval origin of Amesbury is also still visible in the street pattern of the historic core of the town and many historic buildings still remain that are now part of a Conservation Area, in addition to the Registered Designed Landscape of Amesbury Abbey (Grade ll*). Yet, with numerous housing expansions at the periphery of the town, in addition to the strong influence of the MoD on the landscape in the late 20th century, the coherence of the historic core of the settlement and the surrounding landscape is under threat. 3.11. As indicated above there are significant designed landscapes within the study area: most notably Wilton Park (Grade I), Longford Castle (Grade II*) to the south of Salisbury, and Amesbury Abbey (Grade II*), All are in private ownership and all retain an array of features from the original design. Wilton contains an extensive and complex garden (an 18th century landscape garden, with a 19th century Italian garden within it) and park, with woodland and agricultural land of some 300 hectares. It has remained in the same family for 300 years, with each generation adding to and adapting the design. Longford is an early 19th-century formal parterre garden evoking former 17th-century gardens at Longford Castle, and a mid- to late 18th-century pleasure ground and park improved by Lancelot Brown after 1778. Amesbury Abbey is an 18th and 19th century garden and park, including early 18th century work by Charles Bridgeman. The park also includes the remains of Vespasian's Camp, an Iron Age hillfort. Water meadows, again, are key to these designed landscapes and their setting. 3.12. There are also numerous statutory protected heritage sites within 5km of the proposed development sites. Stonehenge World Heritage Site is partly within the study area and in addition, there are 272 Scheduled Monuments, 1,490 Listed Buildings, 31Conservation Areas and nine Registered Parks and Gardens within 5km of the proposed sites (see Map 3.1).

Map 3.1: statutory heritage sites within the study area

*See site descriptions in Appendix 1 for more detailed maps of the designated heritage surrounding each site

HERITAGE VALUES Sense of place 3.13. The historic environment is central to a sense of place and cultural identity. Evidence of the past, going back thousands of years, is all around us. Our relationship with a place can be directly linked to the physical evidence of the past. If this evidence is removed, our links to the past and our rootedness to that place are negatively affected. 3.14. The visual elements of the historic environment - the temporal element of place - add depth and strength to a sense of place, providing visual continuity with the past. Understanding sites in context 3.15. The visual setting or context of historic sites, monuments, and settlements is of great importance to understanding and appreciating them. The past importance and physical prominence of an historic site in the landscape is likely to be altered by development that occurs around it. Some development may add to the setting and context of sites, others may detract from it. 3.16. How historic sites interrelate and what can be seen, and from where, has been demonstrated as being of central importance to the original location of sites and monuments from prehistory (e.g. Wheatley [1995]5, Llobera [2003],6 or Woodman [2000]7) to the Picturesque designed landscapes of the 18th century. 3.17. Equally, sites may be linked within a landscape by historical association, or period, so providing greater understanding of how past communities lived within that landscape. But these links or associations may be lost by destroying the visual links between them, detracting from their importance as a combined whole. 3.18. Attempting to understand the role of views in the past, therefore, can help our understanding and appreciation of sites in the present, and thus help to guide the sensitive use and reuse of sites within a landscape into the future. 3.19. Overall, therefore, preserving the historic environment within and as part of a landscape is important to retaining sense of place and local distinctiveness, and in turn retaining a rootedness to that place. Preserving the context within which the historic evidence is found is also important for understanding and appreciating the evolution of these sites and the lives that they affected. 3.20. To give context to this discussion of sense of place and the viewing of historic sites within their setting:

• Map 3.2: Identifies the number of Scheduled Monuments visible within any one view, and Map 3.3 shows this in relation to the proposed development sites

• Map 3.4: Identifies the number of Listed Buildings visible within any one view, and Map 3.5 shows this in relation to the proposed development sites

5 Wheatley, D. 1995. Cumulative viewshed analysis: a GIS-based method for investigating intervisibility and its archaeological application (in Lock, G. and Stančič, Z. (eds.). Archaeology and Geographical Information Systems. Taylor and Francis, London. Pp 171-186 6 Llobera, M. 2003. Extending GIS-based visual analysis: the concept of visualscapes. International Journal of Information Science 17: 25-48 7 Woodman, P. E. 2000. Beyond significant patterning, towards past intentions: The location of Orcadian chambered tombs (in Buck, C., Cummings, V., Henley, C., Mills, S., and Trick, S. (eds). Proceedings of the UK Chapter of Computer Applications and Quantitative Methods in Archaeology 1999, volume 844 of British Archaeological Reports International Series. Archaeopress, Oxford. Pp 91-105).

• Map 3.6: Identifies key views from and to the historic core of individual settlements (taken from the Settlement Setting Assessment); from key monuments (also taken from the Settlement Setting Assessment) and from the three designed Parks and Gardens (based on survey work undertaken by LUC within the grounds of Wilton Park).

Map 3.2: Visibility of scheduled monuments within the study area

Map 3.3: Visibility of scheduled monuments in relation to proposed development sites

Map 3.4: Visibility of listed buildings within the study area

Map 3.5: Visibility of listed buildings in relation to proposed development sites

Map 3.6: Key views identified within the study area

4. SUMMARY OF CONCLUSIONS AND RECCOMMENDATIONS

4.1. Each proposed development site has been classified as being generally of high, moderate, low, or minimal risk to the historic environment if developed, as follows:

High Risk Moderate Risk Low Risk Minimal Risk There is a slight problem There is a severe problem There is a problem relating to the criterion, The criterion is not relating to the criterion, relating to the criterion and in some cases this may adversely affected. and no mitigation but this may be lessened if be lessened if certain Therefore no mitigation measures can alleviate it certain mitigation mitigation measures are measures are required. to any great degree measures are adopted adopted

4.2. This ‘scoring’ of potential effect on the historic environment has been assessed against two sets of criteria that reflect the objectives of this study (para 1.6). The first set of criteria is concerned with known archaeology, sites and monuments as follows:

• Effects on the known archaeology of the site and the surrounding historic landscape • Effects on the setting, context, and key views to or from individual sites and monuments • Effects on the setting, and key views in and out of the designed landscapes that could be affected by the development sites • Effects on the setting and key views in and out of the settlements of Salisbury, Wilton and Amesbury • Effects on the setting of historic farmsteads

4.3. These potential impacts on the known aspects of the historic environment take account of both direct impacts (caused by the development) and indirect impacts (such as lighting and increased traffic movements and their effects on the aesthetics and tranquillity of the setting). These are detailed in Appendix 1 and are summarised in Table 4.1. Table 4.1 also gives an overall risk ‘score’ for each proposed development site, taking full account of all the ‘scores’ against each of the above criterion (Map 4.1). Where appropriate, Table 4.1 summarises potential mitigation measures but reference must be made to Appendix 1 for further details.

4.4. The second criterion relates to unknown archaeology and the potential for a site to contain unrecorded archaeological remains. This risk is shown in Table 4.2 and Map 4.2, with a summary of all risks provided in Table 4.3.

Table 4.1: Summary of conclusions on the risk to the historic environment (known sites) from each proposed development site

Known Site name (and Site or Monument Designed landscape or heritage Settlement setting Overall rating number) setting/context farmstead setting/context on site

*Maintain tree screens to northwest *Maintain tree planting around site to Archers Gate (1) Moderate Risk *Building height restrictions to soften edge northwest Bulbridge, Wilton *Introduce tree planting to soften the *Proximity to Wilton Park Low Risk (2) settlement edge

*Preserve views to the spire Central Car Park Low to Minimal *Opportunity to improve setting of (3) Risk Salisbury

*Preserve views to the spire Low to Minimal Churchfields (4) *Opportunity to improve setting of Risk Salisbury

*Preserve views to the spire Low to Minimal Engine shed (5) *Opportunity to improve setting of Risk Salisbury *Maintain tree planting and restrict building Fugglestone Red *Maintain tree belts running east- *Try to retain the break between height to north of site Moderate Risk (6) west and add further planting settlements of Wilton and Salisbury so Old Sarum is not visible *Restrict development *Building height restrictions along the Hampton Park (7) High Risk on the west of the site south of the site along ridgeline *Maintain and strengthen existing *Opportunity to improve setting of tree planting to north and south Wilton by adding to existing tree Imerys (8) of site Low Risk planting around the site and especially *Building heights not to exceed along the road frontage those of existing development Old Manor *Restore/ *Preserve sense of *Preserve views to the spire preserve Moderate to Hospital, Salisbury interconnectedness of *Opportunity to improve setting of listed Low Risk (9) historic buildings Salisbury buildings *Restrict development *Maintain tree screen between Old Sarum (10) to the southern part of High Risk site and Longhedge farmstead the site *Introduce tree planting to reduce * Introduce tree planting to impact on the setting of Odstock Salisbury Hospital Moderate to reduce impact on the setting of * Building height restrictions to the (Odstock) (11) Low Risk Dogdean farm north of the site so not visible on horizon from Salisbury *Restrict development to northwest, or at *Abuts least introduce tree *Building height restrictions to *Maintain tree planting around site to Solstice Park (12) scheduled High Risk planting and severe southwest soften edge monuments building height restrictions to this area South of Netherhampton *Preserve views to the spire along Road Harnham water meadows Low Risk (13)

*Opportunity to improve setting of Wilton park *Opportunity to improve setting of Low to Minimal UKLF (14) *Maintain and build upon existing Wilton Risk tree screening West of Downton *Introduce tree planting to soften the Low to Minimal

Road (15) settlement edge Risk *Opportunity to improve setting of *Maintain tree planting and Wilton Middle Wilton Low to Minimal restrict building height to north of School (16) *Maintain tree planting and restrict Risk site building height to north of site

Map 4.1: Proposed development sites according to overall risk rating relating to known historic sites and their setting

Table 4.2: Summary of conclusions on the risk to potential archaeology on each proposed development site

Site name (and number) Potential heritage on site Overall rating

*Field Systems Archers Gate (1) Moderate Risk *Barrows

Bulbridge, Wilton (2) *Proximity to deserted medieval hamlet Low Risk

*Developed, yet no deep foundations so may Central Car Park (3) Low Risk contain remains due to its City Centre location

Churchfields (4) Minimal Risk

Engine shed (5) Minimal Risk

*Field Systems Fugglestone Red (6) Moderate Risk *Barrows

Hampton Park (7) *Possibility of further medieval and Roman remains High Risk

Imerys (8) Moderate Risk

Old Manor Hospital, Salisbury (9) Minimal Risk

*Barrows Old Sarum (10) *Enclosures High Risk *Field systems

Salisbury Hospital (Odstock) (11) *Proximity to Great Woodbury High Risk

*Field Systems Solstice Park (12) Moderate Risk *Barrows *Barrows South of Netherhampton Road Harnham (13) *Enclosures High Risk *Field systems

UKLF (14) Minimal Risk

West of Downton Road (15) *Proximity to Little Woodbury High Risk

Wilton Middle School (16) Minimal Risk

Map 4.2: Proposed development sites according to their risk of affecting potential archaeology

Table 4.3: Summary of the risk to the historic environment overall, and the risk to potential archaeology of each proposed development site. Site name (and number) Known Heritage Summary Potential Heritage

Archers Gate (1) Moderate Risk Moderate Risk Bulbridge, Wilton (2) Low Risk Low Risk Central Car Park (3) Low to Minimal Risk Low Risk Churchfields (4) Low to Minimal Risk Minimal Risk Engine shed (5) Low to Minimal Risk Minimal Risk Fugglestone Red (6) Moderate Risk Moderate Risk Hampton Park (7) High Risk High Risk Imerys (8) Low Risk Moderate Risk Old Manor Hospital, Salisbury (9) Moderate to Low Risk Minimal Risk Old Sarum (10) High Risk High Risk Salisbury Hospital (Odstock) (11) Moderate to Low Risk High Risk Solstice Park (12) High Risk Moderate Risk South of Netherhampton Road Harnham (13) Low Risk High Risk UKLF (14) Low to Minimal Risk Minimal Risk West of Downton Road (15) Low to Minimal Risk High Risk Wilton Middle School (16) Low to Minimal Risk Minimal Risk

Mitigation measures 4.5. In all cases it is assumed that development will be of the highest quality design. Where there is potential direct or indirect impact on the historic environment, mitigation measures are recommended in Appendix 1. These relate to the height and massing of buildings, the retention of green space, minimisation of indirect impacts and tree planting. In the latter case it will be important that essential screen belts and other plantings are put in place well before the start of development so that they are able to provide adequate screening from day one. It is also essential that the design of screening takes full account of climate change effects including potential susceptibility to wind throw, drought and increased heat stress. Some species, such as beech, whilst locally typical, are unlikely to be suitable in the future and alternative species sympathetic to the locality will need to be selected. Undiscovered archaeology 4.6. Where there is a high or moderate risk of undiscovered archaeological remains it is recommended that further archaeological field survey is undertaken before site allocations are confirmed. There is likely to be further, as yet unrecorded history of human activity on these sites and there should be an expectation of consequences to development, with development potentially needing to adapt to respond to these findings in discussion with English Heritage.

4.7. When allocation decisions are finalised, all sites will need to be informed by further archaeological investigations and planning applications will need to be in accordance with PPG15 and PPG16.

APPENDIX 1 Proposed Development Site: Descriptions

ARCHERS GATE (SITE 1)

LOCATION Archers Gate is located to the south of Amesbury town centre, in between the MoD site at Boscombe Down and the A345. It falls within the Boscombe Down Chalk Downland LCA. It is on undulating ground in an elevated position facing predominantly south

PLANNING CONTEXT The site is past agricultural land and part of it is currently under construction. There is development to residential (two and three storey) along the north eastern boundary of the site and a new link road has been constructed along the southern boundary. This site was initially limited to 550 dwellings but with the recognition that there was capacity for further phases. Additional work was undertaken by Salisbury District Council and it is now proposed that around 1025 dwellings be developed on the site.

The whole site has the benefit of a development brief (Map 1.1).

Map 1.1: Development brief for Archers Gate

EVIDENCE Prehistoric • There is a dense concentration of scheduled bowl barrows to the west, east and south of the site, and an unscheduled disc barrow on Boscombe Down to the east • Also recorded from aerial photographs are numerous circular or sub-circular earthworks or cropmarks that are possible round barrows across the site (SMR SU14SE786, SU14SE801, SU14SE802, SU14SE774, and SU14SE785) • Early Bronze Age burials were excavated in 2002 near the site (SMR SU14SE169) • Possible Iron Age settlement to the north of the site as identified in aerial photographs (SMR SU14SE686 and NMR 926567 and 926567) • Two Iron Age cooking vessels found in a pit on the site (SMR SU14SE207) • Remains of various field systems and linear features across the site (SMR SU14SE748, SU14SE848 and NMR 1361914) and in the wider area (SMR SU13NE629, SU13NE622, SU14SE857, SU14SE775, SU14SE857, SU13NE622, SU14SE804), possibly of prehistoric or Roman origin but may be later - recorded from aerial photographs as linear levelled banks and ditches or cropmarks. These are less evident on the site than in the wider area, possibly because they have been removed by ploughing • Vespasian’s camp – Iron Age hillfort nearby to the west

Roman • There were numerous Roman findspots, discovered during development to the north of site • Roman coin found on site in 1842 according to 1843 map • Two Romano-British cemeteries were revealed during an evaluation in 2003 slightly to north of site (SMR SU14SE353 and SU14SE354)

Medieval and post Medieval • Scheduled linear boundary earthwork to south of the site (SM 28940), ands a further one to the south west of the site (SM 28935) • Scheduled Strip lynchets to the north of the site (SM 28941). Also some unscheduled to the south east of site (SMR SU14SE828) • Water meadows to the north of the site and many remains of field systems surrounding the site • Amesbury Abbey and its designed parkland (Grade ll*) lie on the north eastern boundary of Amesbury

Modern • Historic core of Amesbury nearby

In addition to the above evidence that has been gleaned from desk study, Wessex Archaeology undertook an initial study of the site together with preliminary studies of the northern-most and eastern-most areas of the proposed development site in the mid 1990s. Further field evaluations, together with the archaeological remains that were uncovered during the first phase of development, have confirmed that archaeological interest at the site is significant and a wide variety of historic features have been identified in the vicinity of

the site. These features date from the Prehistoric to the medieval periods, and include trackways, round barrows and a possible Iron Age settlement. Whilst the overall intensity of interest in the area is high, it appears from the preliminary studies undertaken that it is mainly concentrated within seven hectares of land adjacent to the A345 at Southmill Hill. The section of significant interest mentioned above has now been largely excluded from this proposed development site (see Map 1.1).

Statutory heritage sites On Immediate vicinity Local area Wider context Site (within 200m) (within 1km) (within 5km) Listed Buildings 0 0 17 298 Scheduled Monuments 0 1 6 184 Parks and Gardens 0 0 0 4 Conservation Areas 0 0 1 12 World Heritage Sites 0 0 0 1

Map 1.2: statutory heritage sites within the 1km study area

Possible influence on setting and views The site is very undulating, so views to and from it vary across the site.

Site or monument setting or key views • The site lies in very close proximity (1250m) to the boundary of Stonehenge World Heritage Site - one of the best preserved and densest concentrations of early prehistoric monuments in the world. There is currently no formal buffer zone around the site, but this may be reviewed in the future • The setting and visual influence of the prehistoric to medieval field systems are an important aspect of the site and its surroundings although few of these are now visible on the surface.

Designed landscape or farmstead setting or key views • The north westerly boundary of the proposed development site is visible in views from the designed parkland of Amesbury Abbey with new development immediately to the east of the proposed development site evident in views from the Park (see Fig 1.1 and 1.2). .

Fig 1.1: View to Amesbury Park from north of site. See map 1.2 for location of photo, looking northwest.

Fig 1.2: View from Amesbury Park. See map 1.2 for location of photo, looking southeast. The red box [a] denotes the zoomed in area [b] showing visible housing from the recent development at Archers Gate.

[a]

Scheduled Strip Lynchets Visible housing

[b]

Settlement Setting or key views • In an area of “level views, little / no foreground, generally harsh, abrupt settlement edge” (SSA) • The north western edge of the site is on the urban gateway to Amesbury (SSA)

SUMMARY OF SENSITIVITIES AND IMPACTS Sensitivities Known and unknown archaeology: Known and possibility of unknown prehistoric to medieval field systems across the site may be at risk, along with Bronze Age barrows, and further evidence of Roman activity. Nevertheless excavations by Wessex Archaeology suggest that these are largely concentrated in the most north-eastern part of the site which has been excluded from the development area.

There remains some potential for unknown archaeology to be found on the site, although extensive site investigations have already been undertaken in the preparation of the development brief foe the site. Setting to the World Heritage Site: The proximity of this site to the boundary of Stonehenge World Heritage Site (1250m) makes it sensitive to change. The current predominantly rural nature of the site softens the World Heritage Site boundary edge and adds to its setting. A hardened edge and associated lighting will clearly detract from this setting. Views from Amesbury Abbey Park: The site lies within views from the water meadows within Amesbury Abbey Park. Nevertheless as the proposed site boundary has been set back from the river bluff to accommodate the most dense archaeological interest identified by Wessex Archaeology (Map 1.1), proposed new development should not be visible from the Park, so long as simple mitigation measures are adopted, as a secondary low crest line sits between this development boundary and the river bluff. This provides some screening between Amesbury Abbey Park and the proposed development site. Setting of Amesbury: The proposed development site lies within the rural approach to Amesbury from the south. Approaching Amesbury over the brow of the hill from this direction the site will form the first impression of Amesbury. The scale of the proposed development is disproportionate to the size of the historic core of Amesbury, although this has already been heavily compromised by existing development.

Summary of impacts Overall MEDIUM risk of unknown archaeology on the site Overall MEDIUM risk to the known historic environment so long as measures are taken to lessen the impact on the setting to the World Heritage Site and Amesbury and views from Amesbury Abbey Park.

Required mitigation measures • Careful site design and planning to maintain the rural feel of the area with green corridors retained to break up the building mass. • Use of tree clumps on higher ground to help soften the development • Limit of building height to two storeys along the northern boundaries to protect views form Amesbury Abbey. • Retention and strengthening of existing tree screens to the north of the site including the trees along the river bluff • Lighting not to exceed the height of the development and designed to minimise light pollution and skyglow

BULBRIDGE, WILTON (SITE 2)

LOCATION Bulbridge is located to the south west of the centre of Wilton. It falls within the Netherhampton Chalk Downland LCA and is in a slightly elevated position on fairly level ground facing north to northeast.

PLANNING CONTEXT The site is currently open fields, lying adjacent to existing housing, and is proposed to be developed with 45 dwellings

EVIDENCE Prehistoric • The cropmark of a ring ditch, probably a round barrow spread by ploughing lies to the west of the site (SMR SU03SE636 and NMR 214674) • An undated oval enclosure lies to the south of the site (SMR SU02NE648)

Roman • Romano British coin found to the west of the site (SMR SU03SE309) and a trumpet brooch to the north west (SMR SU03SE306)

Medieval and post Medieval • Shrunken medieval hamlet of South Ugford lies to the north west of the site. The village earthworks were surveyed in 1986 by the RCHME (SMR SU03SE468) • Post Medieval water meadows along the Nadder are visible on aerial photographs to the north of the site (SMR SU03SE531) • Medieval settlement excavated 1976/77 to the north of the site (SMR SU03SE463) • Bulbridge has medieval origins - it was Bulebrige and dates to AD1200 • Site close to the medieval town of Wilton

Modern • Nothing on the historic maps – site is open fields • Site lies close to the western boundary of Wilton Park (Grade I), off the Avenue. The Park includes many listed buildings and garden features and also includes a 19th century planned model farm, Home farm (SMR SU02NE527)

Statutory heritage sites On Immediate vicinity Local area Wider context Site (within 200m) (within 1km) (within 5km) Listed Buildings 0 0 17 346 Scheduled Monuments 0 0 1 22 Parks and Gardens 0 1 1 1 Conservation Areas 0 0 1 10 World Heritage Sites 0 0 0 0

Map 2.1: Statutory heritage sites within the 1km study area

Possible influence on setting and views

Site or monument setting and key views • There are no issues relating to the setting or key views from monuments as the nearby deserted medieval hamlet is not visible above ground

Designed landscape or farmstead setting and key views • Site only 200m from the western boundary of Wilton Park, off the Avenue, but is separated from the Park boundary by existing housing.

Settlement Setting and key views • In an area of “elevated views, countryside or river valley foreground, generally soft settlement edge” (SSA) • In line of key elevated view into Wilton from the south west (SSA) • On urban gateway boundary, so may interfere with the gateway to Wilton (SSA)

SUMMARY OF SENSITIVITIES AND IMPACTS Sensitivities Known and unknown archaeology: There is some potential for unknown archaeology due to the site’s proximity to the deserted medieval hamlet of South Ugford to the north. Designed landscapes: The site lies close to Wilton Park off the Avenue but as the site slopes away from the Park boundary in a north westerly direction and is separated from the Park by existing housing, development of this site is unlikely to affect views to and from the Park, providing development does not exceed two storeys and the perimeter belt planting of the Park is maintained. Setting to the town of Wilton: The setting of, and views into, Wilton may be marginally affected by the development on this site but due to its location adjacent to existing housing and the size of the site in relation to surrounding development, it is likely to have minimal impact. This impact could be further lessened by softening the development edge with tree planting.

Summary of impacts Overall LOW risk of unknown archaeology on the site Overall LOW risk to the setting of Wilton Park and the town on Wilton if mitigation measures are adopted.

Required mitigation measures • Limit of building height to two storeys • Lighting not to exceed the height of the development and designed to minimise light pollution and skyglow • Softening of the development edge with tree planting • Maintenance of the perimeter tree belt to Wilton Park • No road widening of the Avenue or other road improvements that detract from its rural setting

CENTRAL CAR PARK (SITE 3)

LOCATION The Central Car Park is located in the centre of Salisbury, to the north west of the Cathedral on low-lying level ground. It is bounded by the railway line and river course to the west, and river course and mix of uses to the east with a multi storey car park and retail to the south.

PLANNING CONTEXT The site is currently the main city car park. It is proposed to be redeveloped as a mixed use retail led scheme incorporating approximately 200 dwellings.

EVIDENCE Prehistoric • Palaeolithic and Neolithic finds at Endless street (SMR SU13SW008 and SU13SW111) and Market Place (SMR SU13SW009)

Roman • No evidence on site

Medieval and post Medieval • Medieval settlement of Fisherton Anger to the south of site (SMR SU13SW492) • Site of Medieval Dominican Friary near Fisherton bridge to the south of the site, excavated in 1978 (SMR SU13SW481) • Site surrounded by medieval and post medieval findspots

Modern • All historic maps show the site as area of floodplain labelled “liable to flood” and not developed.

Statutory heritage sites On Immediate vicinity Local area Wider context Site (within 200m) (within 1km) (within 5km) Listed Buildings 0 53 565 955 Scheduled Monuments 0 0 2 17 Parks and Gardens 0 0 2 4 Conservation Areas 0 1 4 13 World Heritage Sites 0 0 0 0

Map 3.1: Statutory heritage sites within the 1km study area

Possible influence on setting and views

Site or monument setting and key views • Important views to the Cathedral and listed churches in the centre of the City (see Fig 3.1).

Designed landscape or farmstead setting and key views • Not relevant

Settlement setting and key views • Not in area of townscape / countryside interface (SSA) • Site is on the gateway to the historic core of the City with architectural and archaeological evidence spanning the 15th to the 20th centuries all around it. Development on the site therefore has the potential to affect the setting of Salisbury’s historic core.

Fig 3.1: View from the centre of the site, looking south. See map 3.1 for location of photo, looking south.

SUMMARY OF SENSITIVITIES AND IMPACTS Sensitivities Known and unknown archaeology: Within this city centre location there is potential for unknown archaeology. The site is currently developed but there are no deep foundations so below ground archaeology may remain intact. However, as the site lies within the river floodplain it is very unlikely ever to have been settled Setting of Salisbury city centre and views to the Cathedral: The site is very sensitive to views of the Cathedral spire and other listed city centre churches due to its central location.

Summary of impacts Overall LOW risk of unknown archaeology on the site Overall LOW risk to views to the Cathedral so long as these are integral to the site design and every opportunity is taken to improve the setting of the site.

Required mitigation measures • Archaeological investigations are undertaken prior to finalisation of the site design with the design responding to finds, as required by English Heritage • Views to the Cathedral are an integral part of the design • Overall development height is limited to three storeys • Massing of buildings is sympathetic to the historic core of the City • Lighting does not exceed the height of the development and is designed to minimise light pollution and skyglow • Opportunity taken to enhance the setting of the site by emphasising the rivers that surround the site – the site was once water meadows.

Further work to understand potential impacts • Site investigations prior to the finalisation of the site design

CHURCHFIELDS (SITE 4)

LOCATION Churchfields is located to the west of Salisbury city centre within the built up area, in between the railway and the River Nadder on low lying flat ground, adjacent to existing residential areas

PLANNING CONTEXT The site is currently an industrial estate. It is proposed to be redeveloped into 1380 dwellings.

EVIDENCE Prehistoric • Palaeolithic hand axe found to the north of the site (SMR SU13SW006) and further finds dating from the Palaeolithic to the Iron Age found at Highfield to the north (SMR SU13SW011, SU13SW205, SU13SW152 and SU13SW205)

Roman • No evidence on site – but Roman find spots to the north (SMR SU13SW323, SU13SW315 and SU13SW314)

Medieval and post Medieval • Medieval settlement of Fisherton Anger to the east of the site, and medieval villages of West Harnham to the south and Bemerton to the west • Post medieval water meadows on the River Nadder to the east and west of the site, made famous by the painting by Constable of Salisbury Cathedral from Harnham water meadows.

Modern • On the 1843 map the site is small fields and marked as “liable to flood” • The 1891 map shows Churchfields farm in the centre of the site • The1904 map shows a sewage pumping station in the north west of the site, and an industrial site “Eclipse works” to the north • The 1919 map shows Churchfields farm had moved to the north of the site

Statutory heritage sites On Immediate vicinity Local area Wider context Site (within 200m) (within 1km) (within 5km) Listed Buildings 0 2 250 962 Scheduled Monuments 0 0 1 21 Parks and Gardens 0 0 1 4 Conservation Areas 0 21 3 11 World Heritage Sites 0 0 0 0 1. One conservation area abuts the boundary of the proposed development site

Map 4.1: Statutory heritage sites within the 1km study area

Possible influence on setting and views

Site or monument setting and key views • Views towards the Cathedral, even from furthest corner of site (see fig 4.1)

Designed landscape and farmstead setting and key views • Not relevant

Settlement Setting and key views • Not in area of townscape / countryside interface (SSA) • Low level views into Salisbury and river basin from the west • On edge of Gateway to historic core of Salisbury (SSA)

Fig 4.1: View from northwest corner of site (see map 4.1 for location), looking east [a] and south east [b]

Cathedral Spire

[a]

[b]

SUMMARY OF SENSITIVITIES AND IMPACTS Sensitivities Known and unknown archaeology: There is little potential for unknown archaeology as the site is heavily developed Setting and views to the Cathedral: The site is sensitive to views of the Cathedral spire. Setting to the city centre: This site is currently of no visual or historic merit. It is very near the city centre and abuts the boundary of the conservation area covering the city centre. It currently interrupts key views including low level views into Salisbury across the

water meadows. There is therefore an opportunity to enhance the historic character of the approach and views into Salisbury by sensitive redevelopment of the site that enhances key views, respects the site’s location close to the city centre and reconnects the river with the site.

Summary of impacts Overall MINIMAL risk of unknown archaeology on the site Overall LOW to MINIMAL risk to views to the Cathedral so long as these are integral to the site layout and design and every opportunity is taken to improve the setting to the city centre.

Required mitigation measures / opportunities • Views to the Cathedral are an integral part of the site layout and design as are low level views to the city centre • Overall development height limited to three storeys • Massing and design of buildings are sympathetic to the historic core of the City and the adjacent conservation area • Lighting does not exceed the height of the development and is designed to minimise light pollution and skyglow • Opportunity taken to enhance the setting of the site by emphasising the river, so enhancing the setting to Salisbury along the line of the river.

ENGINE SHED (SITE 5)

LOCATION The Engine Shed site is located to the west of Salisbury city centre within an area of built development, between the railway and Lower Road. It is a low lying flat site facing south.

PLANNING CONTEXT The site is currently waste land. It is proposed to be developed into 100 dwellings.

EVIDENCE Prehistoric • No evidence on site, but Palaeolithic worked flint found to north west in Cherry Orchard Lane (SMR SU13SW006) and three handaxes and worked flint were found at Highfield to the north of the site (SMR SU13SW011 and NMR 218503) • Iron Age settlement with enclosure found during 19th century excavations to the north of the site in Highfield (SMR13SW205)

Roman • No evidence on site but Roman coin found in garden in Ashfield Road to North (SMR SU13SW323) and Roman brooch found in Australian Avenue • Evidence that the Iron Age settlement found at Highfield was settled well into the Romano British period, with a hoard of Roman coins found in 1866 (NMR 218506)

Medieval and post Medieval • No evidence on site but medieval settlement of Bemerton lies to the west (SMR SU13SW491) • Water meadows to south west of the site

Modern • Engine shed visible on 1904 and 1919 map, not visible before. High wall now surrounds site (see fig 5.1), but further remains on site are covered in trees and scrub and little is visible. Extent of railway remains therefore unknown.

Fig 5.1: View of boundary wall on the southern side of the site. See map 5.1 for location of photo, looking northwest

Statutory heritage sites On Immediate vicinity Local area Wider context Site (within 200m) (within 1km) (within 5km) Listed Buildings 0 2 48 940 Scheduled Monuments 0 0 0 19 Parks and Gardens 0 0 1 4 Conservation Areas 0 1 3 10 World Heritage Sites 0 0 0 0

Map 5.1: statutory heritage sites within the 1km study area

Possible influence on setting and views

Site or monument setting and key views • There are limited views to the Cathedral

Designed landscape or farmstead setting and key views • Not relevant

Settlement Setting and key views • Not in area of townscape/countryside interface (SSA) • Low lying key views into Salisbury and the Cathedral but high wall surrounding the site currently masks these • Fairly close to the historic core of Salisbury but is surrounded by industrial estates and the railway, so the site is largely hidden from the historic core of the City

SUMMARY OF SENSITIVITIES AND IMPACTS Sensitivities Known and unknown archaeology: Remains of the past engine sheds may still be evident on the site. Setting and views to the Cathedral: Although currently not evident there is the potential to enhance views to the Cathedral. Setting to the city centre: Redevelopment of this site will have little impact on the setting of the city centre, as the surrounding area is currently heavily and unfavourably, developed. There is an opportunity to improve the setting of the area as part of the redevelopment.

Required mitigation measures / opportunities • Views to the Cathedral are an integral part of the site layout and design • Lighting does not exceed the height of the development and is designed to minimise light pollution and skyglow • Landscaping to soften the setting of the site

FUGGLESTONE RED (SITE 6)

LOCATION Fugglestone Red falls between the settlements of Salisbury and Wilton, in between the A360 and the A36. It is partly within the Larkhill and Winterbourne Chalk Downland LCA. It lies in an elevated hill-top position with varying degrees of slope. It is bounded to the south east by existing development, to the north by the Salisbury to Devizes Road with open farmland beyond, and to the north west by the line of the Avenue, again with open farmland beyond. The main northern block of the site forms a rolling plateau which to the south wraps around a significant steep-sided valley (which has been excluded from the proposed development area).

PLANNING CONTEXT This major development site is currently agricultural land forming part of the Wilton Estate and part of the site is a secondary school, Salisbury High School. It is proposed to be developed into 1250 dwellings, 10ha of employment and has the potential for a new secondary school.

EVIDENCE Prehistoric • Iron Age field systems and lynchets visible on aerial photographs to the north west of the site (NMR 218581 and 218598) and north east (SMR SU13SW645 and SU13SW649) • Linear elements of a field system are visible on aerial photographs on the western side of the site (SMR SU13SW644) • Undated barrow identified in 19th century and not seen since to the centre of the site (SMR SU13SW661) • A small collection of flint artefacts were found during a fieldwalking survey in 1999 to the south east of the site (SMR SU13SW155) • A possible field system and evidence of a Bronze Age/Iron Age settlement site lie to the north of the site (SMR SU13SW641) • Undated barrow, probably Bronze Age, lies to the east of the site (SMR SU13SW620)

Roman • A Roman coin has been found to the east of the site (SMR SU13SW302)

Medieval and post Medieval • Medieval sites at Wilton in valley below

Modern • Fugglestone Fields Buildings on 1843 map - became Fugglestone Red on 1904 map. Field system largely unchanged since then • Wooded Avenue approach to Wilton clearly mapped. Wilton House in the valley to the south of the site

Statutory heritage sites On Immediate vicinity Local area Wider context Site (within 200m) (within 1km) (within 5km) Listed Buildings 1¹ 1 18 952 Scheduled Monuments 0 0 0 28 Parks and Gardens 0 0 1 4 Conservation Areas 0 0 2 14 World Heritage Sites 0 0 0 1 1. Listed (grade II) milestone abuts the northernmost corner of the site

Map 6.1.: Statutory heritage sites within the 1km study area

Possible influence on setting and views

Site or monument setting and key views • Views from Old Sarum to the north currently screened by field boundary trees to the north east

Designed landscape and key views • The site slopes down towards Wilton conservation area and Wilton Park (Grade1) but lines of sight are partially blocked by significant deciduous tree belts (predominantly beech): - at the southern end of the proposed development site, running at right angles to the Avenue - along the northern boundary of the chalk pit (development site 8) • The two parts of the proposed development site that are visible from Temple Copse in Wilton Park are: - The western edge of the existing residential development of Westwood - The rising ground, including the existing school site along the eastern boundary of the proposed development site.

Settlement setting and key views • In an area of “elevated views, little/no foreground, generally harsh, abrupt settlement edge” (SSA) • Key views into Salisbury and Wilton largely unaffected • Forms part of the visual gateway into Wilton and currently provides an important green wedge separating the edges of Salisbury and Wilton • On urban gateway boundary on the A360 approach to Salisbury to the east of the site

SUMMARY OF SENSITIVITIES AND IMPACTS Sensitivities Known and unknown archaeology: There is potential for unknown archaeology in the form of barrows and field systems recorded from cropmarks on aerial photographs. Setting and views to Old Sarum: Old Sarum is currently not visible from the northern end of the site because of existing screening by trees. There should be building height restrictions and tree planting to the north of the site to ensure this remains the case. Setting and views associated with Wilton Park: The site interrupts the rural and tree-lined Avenue approach to Wilton House and Park and development within the south eastern part of the site will be visible from within the Park unless screened (see mitigation measures below). This is likely to be further exacerbated by lighting associated with the development. Setting to the town of Wilton: The setting of Wilton’s conservation area is likely to be at risk due to the development site’s size and prominence on the skyline on a slope looking down onto the settlement. This will be further exacerbated by the likely disturbance and

traffic that the site will generate. The development site is out of scale with existing development and could further blur the boundary between the settlements of Wilton and Salisbury. It will be important to retain the visual break between the two settlements. The development could also impact on the visual gateway into Salisbury along the A360.

Summary of impacts Overall MODERATE risk of unknown archaeology on the site Overall MODERATE risk to the setting of Wilton Park, the town of Wilton, the integrity of the Avenue and the approach to Salisbury as well as threatening the distinction between Wilton and Salisbury. It is therefore essential that there is very careful site planning to address these issues and that all the identified mitigation measures are taken into account.

Required mitigation measures • Archaeological investigations are undertaken prior to finalisation of the site design with the design responding to finds, as required by English Heritage • Building height should not exceed two storeys, except in carefully identified areas that do not affect views from Wilton Park, Wilton conservation area and from Old Sarum. • Overall building mass should be in keeping with the setting to Wilton conservation area • Significant tree planting is undertaken to protect key views from Wilton Park, namely: by reinforcing the existing treebelts along the southern end of the proposed development site, running at right angles to the Avenue and along the northern boundary of the chalk pit (development site 6) by planting the majority of the south eastern part of the site to provide a screen to existing development and /or there is significant planting on the eastern flank of the valley excluded from the development, to provide a screen between new development on the eastern side of the proposed site and views out from Wilton Park • The Avenue is not widened or subject to major road improvements • The visual gateway into Salisbury from the A360 is conserved and enhanced • A significant green buffer is retained between the built up areas of Salisbury and Wilton • Lighting does not exceed the height of the development and is designed to minimise light pollution and skyglow.

Further work to understand potential impacts Site investigations prior to the finalisation of the site design

HAMPTON PARK (SITE 7)

LOCATION Hampton Park is located to the north of Salisbury city centre and to the east of Old Sarum. It falls partly within the Boscombe Down Chalk Downland LCA, and partly in the Bourne Narrow Chalk River Valley LCA. It is on a slightly elevated hill-top position with generally level ground and steeper slopes to the west. It faces north to north west on the western side of the site, and south to south east on the eastern side. The proposed development site retains a strong rural feel although there is new development abutting the eastern half of the southern boundary at Bishopdown Farm. This development is well contained within the existing landform

PLANNING CONTEXT The site is currently agricultural land. It is proposed to be developed for 500 dwellings.

EVIDENCE Prehistoric • Old Sarum hillfort and scheduled monument is very close to the west of the site • Bronze Age flanged axe found to the west of Ford Farm in about 1947 (NMR 969731) • Bronze Age flint tools found to the centre of the site in 1991 during a field evaluation (SMR SU13SW153) • Probable Bronze Age flint tools were excavated from the test pits of an evaluation in 1997 on the northern edge of the site (SMR SU13SW154) • Iron Age ditch (NMR 218560) and three Neolithic pits (NMR 1194652) recorded during the excavation of a water pipeline trench, part of the Castle Hill Reservoir Water Scheme which took place in 1957 on the western edge of the site • A field system is visible on aerial photographs to the centre of the site as soilmarks, and a geophysical survey in 1992 confirmed them as a series of subsoil features (SMR SU13SE654) • A series of pits and linear features, possibly an undated settlement site identified to the south of the site (SMR SU13SW670)

Roman • A Roman road – the Portway – from Old Sarum (Sorviodunum) to Silchester runs along the entire northern boundary of the site (NMR 1166010). This road is also on the line of a probable Prehistoric trackway • Roman ditch excavated on western part of the site (NMR 218618) • A quantity of Romano-British material was found in 1953 on the Paul's Dene Estate, Castle Hill at the western end of the site (NMR 218560) • Romano-British pottery fragments were found during an evaluation excavation in 1997 on the northern side of the site (SMR SU13SW303)

Medieval and post Medieval • Medieval inhumation cemetery and two buildings identified in excavations during the 1930s on the western side of the site. Medieval hospital and chapel of St John the Baptist and St Anthony also thought to be located there (SMR SU13SW499)

Modern • Bishopsdown Farm to the south of the site contains 18th century granary, cart shed and barn and farmhouse and a 19th stable but is now surrounded by a modern housing estate so much of its setting is lost • Ford farmhouse to the east of the site was originally built in the mid to late 17th century, and altered in the later 19th century • The toll house at Old Sarum on the A 345 is on the western tip of the site (NMR 218625) • The site is largely open fields on all historic maps, but the Roman road is clearly marked. Fields on the site may possibly have been part of Ford Farm to the north east or Bishopsdown Farm to the south east of the site. • More small enclosure of fields arrives on the1904 map • Old Sarum airfield – a First World War aerodrome is to the north of the site. Four First World War aircraft hangars and the foundations of the Guardhouse survive. Recently designated a Conservation Area

Statutory heritage sites On Immediate vicinity Local area Wider context Site (within 200m) (within 1km) (within 5km) Listed Buildings 0 1 22 965 Scheduled Monuments 0 1 2 28 Parks and Gardens 0 0 0 5 Conservation Areas 0 2 2 12 World Heritage Sites 0 0 0 0

Map 7.1: Statutory heritage sites within the 1km study area

Possible influence on setting and views

Site or monument setting and key views • The Iron Age hillfort of Old Sarum lies very close to the west, making the western part of the site highly visible from Old Sarum and lying directly in views to and from the hillfort (see Fig.7.1 and 7.2) which currently enjoys a rural setting. • The site is at a confluence of Roman roads running from north, northwest and east towards the Roman settlement of Sorviodunum, to the south east of Old Sarum. The impact of these Roman roads on the landscape is great, and contributes directly to an appreciation of the City’s past regional status as well as the importance of it’s connectedness with other nearby cities (see Fig. 7.2).

Designed landscape or farmstead setting and key views • Not relevant

Map 7.2: Most visually sensitive area of proposed development site

Fig 7.1: Views across western portion of site towards Old Sarum (see map 7.1 for location of photo, looking west)

Old Sarum

Fig 7.2: Views to [a] and from [b] Old Sarum along Roman road adjacent to the site (site is coloured in red). See map 7.1 for location of photos, looking west [a], and east [b].

Old Sarum

(a)

(b)

Settlement Setting and key views • Partly in an area of “elevated views, little/no foreground, generally harsh, abrupt settlement edge” (SSA) • Key views into Salisbury may be interrupted along the southern edge of the site as it lies on the edge of a ridgeline.

SUMMARY OF SENSITIVITIES AND IMPACTS Sensitivities Known and unknown archaeology: There is great potential for unknown archaeology on the site in the form of field systems and further Roman and medieval remains. Setting and views to Old Sarum and the Roman road: Old Sarum and its setting would be greatly compromised by development on the western half of this site (Map 7.2) both by the development itself and the increased activity that will come with the development in what is still a rural area. It would lead to the dilution of the dominance of Old Sarum. Being the original site of the settlement of Salisbury and commanding such a prominent location in the landscape, Old Sarum is of paramount importance to the setting of the modern city, directly contributing to it’s rootedness with its past in an accessible and visual way. The approach to Old Sarum along the Roman road following the northern edge of the site is equally sensitive. This again is key to an understanding of Old Sarum and it’s prominence within the landscape. Furthermore, development on either side of the Roam road, with its associated lighting and disturbance would significantly erode its classically Roman straight- as-a-die character - the rural setting of the road is of great importance to appreciating it in context. Setting and views to Salisbury: While the site is not that sensitive to views to listed buildings and the Cathedral, development may be visible and dominant on the skyline when viewed from Salisbury city centre. This in turn would reduce the current prominence of Old Sarum on the horizon. However, where the site slopes to the east, this visual intrusion is much less apparent (see Map 7.2).

Summary of impacts Overall HIGH risk of unknown archaeology on the site Overall HIGH risk to the setting of and views to and from Old Sarum and the integrity of the Roman Road, necessitating that the western half of the site is NOT developed and that if development is undertaken on the eastern half of the site the greatest care is taken to maintain the rural setting of Old Sarum, retain the visual setting to the Roman road and retain the visual dominance of Old Sarum when viewed from the city centre.

Required mitigation measures • There is NO DEVELOPMENT of any form (including access) on the western portion of the site visible from Old Sarum. • Archaeological investigations are undertaken prior to the site allocations as currently undiscovered archaeology could be of sufficient importance to significantly affect the development. • Design of development on the eastern half of the site, if taken forward, avoids affecting views to and from Old Sarum, is kept back from the Roman road and is not visible on the skyline when viewed from Salisbury city centre.

• Building height does not exceed two storeys, • There are no alternations to the line of the Roman road and it is only expected to carry light traffic. • Overall building mass is in keeping with the rural setting. • Lighting does not exceed the height of the development and is designed to minimise light pollution and skyglow. Lighting should not impinge on the views from Old Sarum.

Further work to understand potential impacts Site investigations prior confirmation of site allocations Detailed analysis of views from Old Sarum to identify the area of land where housing development could be hidden from the views from Old Sarum Detailed lighting plans to demonstrate how the impact of skyglow on views from Old Sarum can be minimised

IMERYS (SITE 8)

LOCATION The Imerys site is located between Wilton and Salisbury, immediately north of the A36 and the railway line. To the north of the site is an existing secondary school (Salisbury High School) and to the east is recreation space. It falls partly within the Larkhill and Winterbourne Chalk Downland LCA and is in a slightly elevated position with the natural ground level sloping in a south westerly direction.

PLANNING CONTEXT The site is an old chalk quarry no longer in operation. The site is proposed for development as an employment site.

EVIDENCE Prehistoric • Prehistoric implements and burnt flint found on the site during evaluations at the quarry in 1988 and 2001 by Wessex Archaeology (NMR 1194566 and SMR SU13SW526) • Iron Age skull, pottery, possible cremations and storage pits recorded on the site in 1961 (NMR 218516) • Possible Iron Age settlement found during quarrying (SMR SU13SW203). Storage pits and V-shaped ditch exposed during quarrying in 1958. Two crouched inhumations found under flint cap. An evaluation by Wessex Archaeology in 1988 did not reveal the settlement (Quidhampton Quarry II 1995 Wessex Archaeology) • Linear field systems to north at Fugglestone red (SMR SU13SW644)

Roman • No evidence on site

Medieval and post Medieval • No evidence on site, although medieval findspots to east of the site in Bemerton Heath (SMR13SW467) and Late medieval settlement to south of site at Quidhampton (SMR SU13SW465)

Modern • Evaluation of the site in 1988 and 2001 revealed 20th century garden earthworks • 1843 map, chalk pit visible to west of the site, by 1891 map, chalk pit grew to north and east, and by the 1904 map an additional chalk pit opens in the centre of the site as well as associated quarry buildings named “Whiting Works”. • This site lies to the north east of the Wilton Park boundary.

Statutory heritage sites On Immediate vicinity Local area Wider context Site (within 200m) (within 1km) (within 5km) Listed Buildings 0 0 21 940 Scheduled Monuments 0 0 0 26 Parks and Gardens 0 0 1 4 Conservation Areas 0 0 2 12 World Heritage Sites 0 0 0 0

Map 8.1: Statutory heritage sites within the 1km study area

Possible influence on setting and views

Site or monument setting and key views • The site is potentially visible from listed buildings, particularly to the east of the site

Designed landscape or farmstead setting and key views • The site is currently well screened from Wilton Park by the surrounding natural regeneration of trees. Nevertheless, the northern face of the chalk pit is visible from Little Park within the grounds of Wilton Park (see Fig 8.1). Settlement setting and key views • The site lies partly in an area of “elevated views, little / no foreground, generally harsh, abrupt settlement edge” (SSA) • On boundary between first views of Salisbury and first views of Wilton. Development here could contribute to the blurring of the boundaries between both settlements

Fig 8.1: View from Temple Copse in Wilton Park towards the site (quarry face visible to centre left). See map 8.1 for location of photo.

SUMMARY OF SENSITIVITIES AND IMPACTS Sensitivities Known and unknown archaeology: There is potential for unknown archaeology across the site, particularly of prehistoric origin but this evidence may have been completely removed by quarrying activity. Further investigation is required to establish the full impact of the quarry on the archaeology on site. Setting and views associated with Wilton Park: The northern face of the chalk quarry is visible from Little Park within Wilton Park but the development need not be visible in these views so long as existing tree screens are retained and new buildings no not exceed the height of existing buildings on site..

Setting of and views from Salisbury and Wilton: The site sits at the divide between Wilton and Salisbury

Summary of impacts Overall MODERATE risk of unknown archaeology on the site Overall LOW risk to the known historic environment so long as the development does not intrude into views from Wilton Park.

Required mitigation measures • Archaeological investigations are undertaken prior to finalisation of the site design with the design responding to finds, as required by English Heritage • The tree screen is retained between the development and the road, helping screen views from Wilton Park and providing a green break between the built up areas of Wilton and Salisbury • Visibility splays at the entrance do not require major tree loss • Development is shelved within the chalk pit and does not exceed the height of the current development on site (which is not visible in views from Wilton Park) • Lighting is low level and does not intrude above the height of the tree screen and is designed to minimise skyglow

Further work to understand potential impacts Site investigations prior to the finalisation of the site design

OLD MANOR HOSPITAL, SALISBURY (SITE 9)

SITE BACKGROUND Old Manor Hospital is located to the west of Salisbury city centre, to the north east of the railway station. It is surrounded by urban development and is on flat low-lying land rising slightly to the north, facing south and south east

PLANNING CONTEXT Old Manor Hospital is an unused hospital site, largely derelict, proposed for developed as 80 dwellings.

EVIDENCE Prehistoric • No evidence on the site - but Palaeolithic hand axe found to the north of the site (SMR SU13SW006) and further finds dating from the Palaeolithic to the Iron Age at Highfield to the north (SMR SU13SW011, SU13SW205, SU13SW152 and SU13SW205)

Roman • No evidence on site – but Roman find spots to the north (SMR SU13SW323, SU13SW315 and SU13SW314)

Medieval and post Medieval • Medieval settlement of Fisherton Anger to the south east of the site, and medieval village of Bemerton to the west • Post medieval water meadows on the River Nadder to the south of the site, made famous by the painting by Constable of Salisbury Cathedral from Harnham water meadows

Modern • Old Manor Hospital used to be a psychiatric hospital. Fisherton House was opened in 1813 by Dr Charles Finch (1782-1831) as a private asylum. It was mapped as ‘Fisherton House Lunatic Asylum’ on the 1843 OS map (later termed ‘Old Manor, Mental Hospital’ on the 1904 map). The 1881 map shows formal gardens around the buildings and a cricket ground to the south of a chapel. A ballroom was also built in the grounds in the late 1860s as part of the hospital. The site is now a Conservation Area and contains many attractive listed buildings that were built as part of the original hospital development. Although there is no current Conservation Area Appraisal, there is a development brief (dated September 2000), which details the listed buildings on the site as well as detail on scale, density and height restrictions that should be imposed on any new development. The historic buildings are currently in a poor state of repair (see

Fig. 9.1) and are at risk of further degradation unless some consolidation or restoration work is carried out in the near future. • Fisherton Anger had a gaol to the east of the site from the 15th or 16th century

Fig 9.1: Examples of derelict historic buildings on site. See map 9.1 for location of photos [a] looking north, and [b] looking west

(a) The Paragon, 3 and 4 Wilton Road. Grade II listed.

(b) The Old Manor at Old Manor Hospital. Grade II listed.

Statutory heritage sites On Immediate vicinity Local area Wider context Site (within 200m) (within 1km) (within 5km) Listed Buildings 5 9 236 951 Scheduled Monuments 0 0 2 16 Parks and Gardens 0 0 1 4 Conservation Areas 1 2 3 10 World Heritage Sites 0 0 0 0

Map 9.1: Statutory heritage sites within the 1km study area

Possible influence on setting and views

Site or monument setting and key views • The setting of the listed buildings on the site is important to understanding them and their interrelatedness • The site retains views to the Cathedral.

Designed landscape or farmstead setting or key views • Not relevant

Settlement setting and key views • Not in an area of distinctive townscape/countryside interface (SSA) • Very close to the gateway to the historic core of Salisbury (SSA) • The north of the site is on a ridgeline north west – south east looking towards the historic core of Salisbury • Not sensitive to key views into Salisbury

SUMMARY OF SENSITIVITIES AND IMPACTS Sensitivities Known and unknown archaeology: There is little potential for unknown archaeology as the site has previously been developed. Setting of listed buildings: The setting of the listed buildings will be sensitive to change especially if this undermines their inter-relatedness. The historic buildings (both listed and not) on site need to be preserved as they offer time depth and visually distinctive historic architectural interest to an area of the City where these values are not particularly prevalent. The buildings need to be understood as a coherent collection which could be undermined by unsympathetic or piecemeal development around them. However, the buildings are in danger of further dereliction if they are not developed or restored in some way. Setting of Salisbury city centre and views to the Cathedral: The site is near the centre of the Historic Core of Salisbury, and largely on level ground, so views to the cathedral spire are an integral part of the character of the site and should be conserved.

Summary of impacts Overall MINIMAL risk of unknown archaeology on the site Overall MODERATE to LOW risk to the known historic environment. The listed buildings are currently derelict, but there is an opportunity to restore the buildings back into productive use whilst retaining their setting.

Required mitigation measures • The design and site layout ensure the refurbishment of the Listed Buildings, provide an appropriate setting to them and retain views through to the Cathedral. • Lighting is in keeping with the context of the site and of a scale appropriate to the listed buildings.

Further work to understand potential impacts Historic building assessment Review of the development brief (2000) for the site

OLD SARUM (SITE 10)

LOCATION The Old Sarum site is located to the north of Salisbury city centre, to the north east of Old Sarum Hillfort and the A345. To the south of the site is the Beehive Park and Ride site, largely screened by trees, and a small area of employment land. To the east is an employment site and Old Sarum Aerodrome. To the immediate east is an existing Local Plan Allocation site where detailed planning permission has been granted for 600 dwellings and building has now commenced (see Map10.2 for boundary). This site lies to either side of the existing football ground for Salisbury City Football Club.

The site falls within the Boscombe Down Chalk Downland LCA and is in a slightly elevated hill-top position with a slight south to south easterly facing slope.

PLANNING CONTEXT The site is currently agricultural land. It is proposed to be developed into 1000 dwellings and around 10 ha of employment land.

EVIDENCE Prehistoric • The Scheduled Iron Age hillfort of Old Sarum is very close to the south of the site • Neolithic flint implements were found during a combined fieldwalking and metal detecting exercise in 1998 to the south west of the site (SMR SU13SW108) • A Neolithic long barrow, with ditches and a possible mortuary enclosure structure is visible on aerial photographs to the west of the site (SMR SU13SW106) • Cropmark of a possible disc barrow identified on aerial photographs to the south east of the site; field investigation in 1950 located no surface features (NMR 218383) but another was identified to the north east of the site (NMR 969977) • Circular cropmark identified to the centre of the site (NMR 218521), and another 18m in diameter was identified to the south east of the site (NMR 969981) • Number of undated ring ditches and barrows to the south (NMR SU13SW619, SU13SW618) and south east of site (SMR SU13SE682, SU13SE600, SU13SE607, SU13SE608, SU13SE609, SU13SE620) and Bronze Age burials excavated to south east of the site (SMR SU13SE160). Multiple barrows also identified around Old Sarum. • A Prehistoric or Roman ditched enclosure is visible as cropmarks to the north east of the site (NMR 1345687) and there is an undated enclosure with internal pits visible on an aerial photograph on the northern part of the site (SMR SU13SW628) • Various cropmark features constituting a field system to the south west of the site (SMR SU13SW629), and a possible field system in the north east part of the site (SMR SU13SE646) • Possible Iron Age settlement site to the north east of the site (SMR SU13SE200)

Roman • A few Romano-British pottery fragments and 17 coins were found during a combined fieldwork and metal detecting exercise in 1998 to the south west of the site (SMR SU13SW331) • Roman roads: The Portway runs to the south of the site from Salisbury to Silchester, and the A345 on the western boundary of the site also has Roman origins (SMR SU13SW319)

Medieval and post Medieval • A Medieval brooch and coins were found during a combined fieldwork and metal detecting exercise in 1998 to the south west of the site (SMR SU13SW4A1)

Modern • Old Sarum First World War aerodrome airfield, now a Conservation Area, includes four First World War aircraft hangars, and the foundations of the Guardhouse (SMR SU13SE528) • Nothing on 1843 map – all open fields • Large farmstead “Down Farm” at Longhedge to the west of site containing various listed buildings and additional cottages that were linked to the farmstead lie adjacent to the site to the west.

Statutory heritage sites On Immediate vicinity Local area Wider context Site (within 200m) (within 1km) (within 5km) Listed Buildings 0 2 6 823 Scheduled Monuments 0 0 2 36 Parks and Gardens 0 0 0 5 Conservation Areas 0 0 2 12 World Heritage Sites 0 0 0 1

Map 10.1: Statutory heritage sites within the 1km study area

Possible influence on setting and views

Site or monument setting or key views • The site lies within critical views to and from Old Sarum, especially the northern end of the site where it slopes towards the monument (see Fig 10.1 – note that that part of the site which is visible in this photograph is the northern two-thirds of the site (shown in Map 10.2) the southern one third of the site is ‘dead ground’ screened from this view by the treebelt in the foreground and by the lie of the land).

Designed landscape or farmstead setting or key views • The agricultural and rural setting of the 18th century farmstead of Longhedge would be adversely affected by the development of this site although this is currently minimised by a partial screen of trees

Settlement setting and key views • In area of “rural setting with neckline villages (including springline villages)” (SSA) • Identified key views into Salisbury unaffected as the site is further out of the City than was considered in the SSA

• On route of rural gateway into Salisbury (in between first view and urban gateway).

Fig 10.1: View from Old Sarum towards site looking north east. The red section shows the visible parts of the site. See Map 10.1 for location of photograph

Map 10.2: Planning context and most visually sensitive area of site

SUMMARY OF SENSITIVITIES AND IMPACTS Sensitivities Known and unknown archaeology: There is great potential for unknown prehistoric barrows, field systems and enclosures across the site as well as the possibility of further evidence of Roman activity associated with the Roman road and medieval remains. Setting and views to Old Sarum and the Roman road: The scheduled Iron Age hillfort of Old Sarum would be compromised by development on this site with its associated traffic movements and lighting, particularly on the visible northern two-thirds of the site which is directly in view of Old Sarum (Fig 10.1). Old Sarum is the site of the original settlement of Salisbury and commands a prominent location in the landscape, Old Sarum hillfort is of paramount importance to the setting of the modern city, directly contributing to its rootedness and an understanding of its past evolution. The setting of the proposed development site is currently predominantly rural, with little visual connectivity with Salisbury itself. The northern two-thirds of the site is elevated, and will be bounded by open country on two sides even after existing development around the football ground is complete The site is key to the setting of Old Sarum within a rural context, contributing to its visual prominence within the landscape. This will change to an extent when the development to the south east of the site is complete. But this existing development site is significantly less visible being on lower lying ground that is already largely developed. It will therefore have a significantly reduced effect on Old Sarum when compared with this proposed development site.

The approach to Old Sarum and Salisbury from the north along the Roman road on the western edge of the site (A345) would be negatively affected by development. The Roman roads radiating from Salisbury are important features in the landscape and contribute directly to an appreciation of the City’s regional status in the past, as well as the importance of it’s connectedness with other nearby cities (see Fig 10.2).

Summary of impacts Overall HIGH risk of unknown archaeology on the site Overall HIGH risk to the setting of and views to and from Old Sarum and the integrity of the Roman Road, necessitating that the northern two-thirds of the site is NOT developed and that if development is undertaken on the southern part of the site the greatest care is taken to maintain the rural setting of Old Sarum, retain the visual setting to the Roman road and retain the visual dominance of Old Sarum when viewed within its rural setting.

Fig 10.2: View towards Old Sarum along Roman road (A345), adjacent to the site. See map 10.1 for location of photo, looking south west

Old Sarum

Required mitigation measures • There is NO DEVELOPMENT of any form (including access) on the northern two- thirds of the site visible from Old Sarum. • Archaeological investigations are undertaken prior to the site allocations as currently undiscovered archaeology could be of sufficient importance to significantly affect the development. • Design of development on the southern part of the site, if taken forward, avoids affecting views to and from Old Sarum, maintains the rural setting of Old Sarum and is kept back from the Roman road. • Building height does not exceed two storeys and at no point intrudes into the view from Old Sarum, • There are no alternations to the line of the Roman road. • Overall building mass is in keeping with the rural setting. • Lighting does not exceed the height of the development and is designed to minimise light pollution and skyglow. Lighting should not impinge on the views from Old Sarum. • Strengthening of the existing tree belt

SALISBURY HOSPITAL, ODSTOCK (SITE 11)

LOCATION Salisbury Hospital (Odstock) proposed development site is located to the south of Salisbury, to the west of the A338 in a rural area immediately to the west of Odstock Hospital. It falls within the Netherhampton Chalk Downland LCA, and is in an elevated position on a gentle west to south west facing slope.

PLANNING CONTEXT The site is currently agricultural land. It is proposed to be developed for 1000 dwellings and some employment land.

EVIDENCE Prehistoric • Bronze Age flint scatter was recorded on the north edge of the site (NMR 1188683) • High levels of worked flint, probably later Bronze Age recovered during fieldwork in 2003 to north west of the site (SU12NW154) along with a rectangular enclosure with internal features, probably Neolithic in date (SMR SU12NW105) • Enclosed Iron Age Settlement and scheduled monument of Little Woodbury is just to the north of the site. Little Woodbury was excavated in 1938-9, 1947 and an emergency excavation was carried out in 1983 ahead of the Odstock road improvement scheme (SMR SU12NW202). The site has largely been destroyed by the plough and ranch boundaries are thought to be similarly destroyed. • Great Woodbury Iron Age univallate hillfort was to the south west of the site but the defences have now been levelled. Geophysical survey undertaken on the site in 1990 ahead of the proposed A36 Salisbury bypass (SMR SU12NW201) • Large sub circular enclosure containing numerous pit like features is visible as cropmarks on aerial photographs to the south west of the site (NMR 1403255) • Two ring ditches identified to the north of the site from aerial photographs (NMR 217725 and SMR SU12NW606), one to the south west (SMR SU12NW643). More were identified on the site itself – one to the centre of the site (SMR SU12NW680), another to the east (SMR SU12NW645), and one to the south (SMR SU12NW649) • A series of linear features which may be part of a field system have been identified on aerial photographs to the centre of the site (SMR SU12NW681) and more were found to the west (SMR SU12NW665)

Roman • Romano-British pottery found during an evaluation ahead of the Salisbury bypass to the north of the site (SMR SU12NW307)

Medieval and post Medieval • Existing Odstock road may have medieval origins (SMR SU14602799)

Modern • On all historic maps the site is an open fields, with the field boundary as it is today • Salisbury General Hospital lies to the east of the site • Dogdean Farm lies to the west of the site. Farmhouse 17th to early 18th century, granary (SMR 525303), Garden house (SMR 525304), cart shed (NMR 525307) and Barn (SMR 525305) all date to the 19th century. Additional barn dates to the late 17th or early 18th century (NMR 525306) • Longford Park lies to the south east of the site

Statutory heritage sites On Immediate vicinity Local area Wider context Site (within 200m) (within 1km) (within 5km) Listed Buildings 0 0 13 829 Scheduled Monuments 0 1 1 19 Parks and Gardens 0 0 0 5 Conservation Areas 0 0 0 10 World Heritage Sites 0 0 0 0

Map 11.1: Statutory heritage sites within the 1km study area

Possible influence on setting and views

Site or monument setting and key views • Sensitive to views of the Cathedral spire to the north of the site

Designed landscape or farmstead setting and key views • As the land falls away to the south west, and Longford Park (grade II*) lies to the east, the proposed development site will not be visible from Longford Park so long as development is kept to two storeys on higher ground.

Settlement Setting and key views • In area of “level views, countryside or river valley foreground, generally soft settlement edge” (SSA) • Sensitivity to key views into Salisbury, within one key elevated view emanating from this site (SSA) • This site would be the first impression of Salisbury when approaching from Odstock to the south • The lower half of the site will be visible from the water meadows of Odstock Valley and from the historic core of Odstock village.

SUMMARY OF SENSITIVITIES AND IMPACTS Sensitivities Known and unknown archaeology: The proximity of the site to the scheduled remains of Great Woodbury to the north and Little Woodbury to the north east means there is potential for unknown archaeology on this site. The proximity of the proposed development site to the scheduled monument boundary makes the northern part of this site very sensitive. The setting of these surrounding monuments would be largely unaffected, as they are sub-surface remains. Setting and views associated with Longford Park: Views from Longford Park will be unaffected by development on the site as the land falls away to the south west although development on the very top of the plateau may be visible requiring that building height is limited to two storeys. Setting to Salisbury: The site would be the first impression of Salisbury when approaching from Odstock but will lie largely hidden from Salisbury because of the lie of the land. On the other hand, the proposed development site will be directly visible to the settlements in the Odstock Valley and will significantly detract from the setting of the eater meadows in this Valley.

Summary of impacts Overall HIGH risk of unknown archaeology on the site Overall MODERATE to LOW risk to the known historic environment adversely affecting the setting of settlements within the Odstock Valley and their associated water meadows.

Required mitigation measures • Archaeological investigations are undertaken prior to the site allocations as currently undiscovered archaeology could be of sufficient importance to significantly affect developments on parts of the site. • Building height does not exceed two storeys. • Overall building mass is in keeping with the rural setting of the site • Careful design and landscaping creates a soft development edge along the site’s southern boundary where it falls into the Odstock Valley. • Lighting does not exceed the height of the development and is designed to minimise light pollution and skyglow.

Further work to understand potential impacts Site investigations prior to the site allocations.

SOLSTICE PARK (SITE 12)

LOCATION Solstice Park is located to the north east of Amesbury town centre, immediately south of the A303. It falls within the Boscombe Down Chalk Downland LCA and sits within and part rises up the sides of a shallow chalk bowl.

PLANNING CONTEXT The site is currently part developed as a business park, and part open grassland (having previously been under arable cropping). Solstice Park has the benefit of a development brief and outline consent covering the whole area. Although only a small proportion has been constructed, groundworks have been undertaken across the whole site.

EVIDENCE Prehistoric • Numerous Bronze Age barrows in every direction, some scheduled, others not. Barrows include bell, bowl, and disc. • Five circular features, possibly representing Bronze Age round barrows, are visible on aerial photographs to the centre of the site (NMR 219379) • Bronze Age pottery discovered on the site but no soil marks of the barrow survive (SMR SU14SE156) • Extensive Iron Age/Romano British field system to the east of the site (SMR SU14SE753) • A possible ring ditch was revealed during a geophysical survey of the site in 2001 (SMR SU14SE873), also seen in aerial photographs (SMR SU14SE690), excavated in 2004 (SMR SU14SE826 and SU14SE670) • Late Iron Age/early Romano-British pottery and worked flint found during an evaluation excavation on the site in 2002 (SMR SU14SE213) • A Bronze Age/early Iron Age large feature revealed during an evaluation excavation in 2002 – possibly a ritual pit (SMR SU14SE167) • A linear feature perhaps late Bronze Age or Early Iron Age in date was excavated to the north of the site in 2002 (SMR SU14SE864) • A Neolithic worked flint found on the site during test pit survey in 1993 (SMR SU14SE123) • Vespasian’s Camp is nearby to the west.

Roman • Roman pottery found in the field to the east of the site, and also recorded on the site during fieldwalking and an excavation in 2002 (SMR SU14SE340 and SU14SE212).

Medieval and post Medieval • Medieval pottery found on site from an evaluation excavation in 2002 (SMR SU14SE470)

Modern • The Pennings – farmstead in centre of site, visible on 1843 map, still visible on 1943 map • Historic core of Amesbury nearby • Amesbury Abbey and Park also nearby

Statutory heritage sites On Immediate vicinity Local area Wider context Site (within 200m) (within (within 5km) 1km) Listed Buildings 0 0 12 283 Scheduled Monuments 0 6¹ 24 191 Parks and Gardens 0 0 1 3 Conservation Areas 0 0 0 12 World Heritage Sites 0 0 0 1 1. Two scheduled barrows abut the proposed development site

Map 12.1: statutory heritage sites within the 1km study area

Possible influence on setting and views

Site or monument setting and key views • Solstice Park lies close to the boundary of Stonehenge World Heritage Site - one of the best preserved and densest concentrations of early prehistoric monuments in the world. There is currently no formal buffer zone around the site, but this may be reviewed in the future8 Woodhenge is to the north, Stonehenge to the west.

• The site of Solstice Park is undulating, and views vary across the site. The main scheduled barrow fields lie on the chalk ridge to the north of the site (north of the A303) and on the ridge that lies beyond the eastern boundary of the site. They are visible on the horizon across the entire site (see Figs 12.1 and 12.2).

8 Stonehenge World Management Plan (2009), English Heritage. Pp 49

Map 12.2: Most visually sensitive area of proposed development site

Fig 12.1: Views across site towards scheduled monuments to east (red circles denote barrows). See map 12.1 for location of photo, looking east

Fig 12.2: Views across site towards scheduled monuments to north (red circles denote barrows). See map 12.1 for location of photo, looking north

Designed landscape or farmstead setting and key views • The site has the potential to fall within views from Amesbury Abbey Park (Grade ll*). Generally the site slopes in a north easterly direction, away from Amesbury Abbey. The only part of the site potentially visible from Amesbury Abbey Park is the south westerly corner of Solstice Park, lying between the road that bounds the western end of the site and the north side of the new access road.

Settlement Setting and key views • In an area of “level views, little / no foreground, generally harsh, abrupt settlement edge” (SSA) • Sensitive to key views into Amesbury from the east and north east • Amesbury settlement setting will be affected due to the scale of the development in relation to Amesbury as a whole, and its visibility on a key approach to the town on the gateway into Amesbury on the A303

SUMMARY OF SENSITIVITIES AND IMPACTS Sensitivities Known and unknown archaeology: Archaeological investigations were undertaken prior to the start of development on site and ground preparation has been undertaken across the site. There still remains a possibility though that unknown prehistoric archaeology will be found on the site. Setting to the surrounding barrow fields the Stonehenge World Heritage Site:. The combined setting of the significant scheduled and unscheduled prehistoric landscape of barrows surrounding the site is vital for understanding their extent and intervisibility. The importance of intervisibility and the extent of the monuments can only be appreciated when all are visible together and thus is highly sensitive to change. Already the development at Solstice Park with its minimal regard for the historic environment that surrounds has lessened the visual prominence of these barrows introducing development, intrusive lighting, and colour into the once muted setting of these monuments. The setting of these monuments will be significantly affected by further development at Solstice Park as it will split the barrow fields to north and east of the site and will interrupt the intervisibility between these monuments. The low lying area in the north eastern part of the site is particularly sensitive to development as it lies at the centre of the intervisibility between the barrows (see Map 12.2). Approaching from the east these monuments on the horizon in all directions act as a visual signal that you are approaching the prehistoric landscape of the Stonehenge World Heritage Site. Development of the whole site will greatly dilute this impact and thus negatively affect the setting of the World Heritage Site itself. Views from Amesbury Abbey Park: Development on the south west corner of the site may marginally intrude onto views from Amesbury Abbey Park.

Setting to Amesbury: Amesbury settlement setting is being affected by the scale of the development at Solstice Park in relation to Amesbury as a whole, and as the site provides the first impression of the settlement on the A303 when coming over the brow of the hill from the east.

Summary of impacts Overall MEDIUM risk of unknown archaeology on the site Overall HIGH risk to the setting of and intervisibility between the significant scheduled and unscheduled prehistoric landscape of barrows to the north and east of the site. This intervisibility is particularly important in the low lying area at the north eastern end of the site which is yet to be developed. Development in this area will need to be undertaken with the utmost care to ensure that the intervisibility between the monuments is retained. The site is also significantly adversely impacting on the setting of the World Heritage Site and the setting to Amesbury.

Required mitigation measures The extent of mitigation measures that can be undertaken is limited by the extant outline planning permission for the whole site. Nevertheless, it would be to the benefit of the historic environment if the following mitigation measures could be adopted. • Within the most visually sensitive part of the site (Map 12.2) the layout and massing of buildings conserves the indivisibility between the monuments and development is restricted to two storeys. • Within this area particular care is given to lighting design, minimising the intrusion of light into the intervisibility between monuments. • Any new development on the very south west corner of the site is two storey to ensure that it is not visible from Amesbury Abbey or the historic centre of Amesbury. There are already two, three / four storey industrial buildings on the south side of the same access road but set back from the main ridge line • The edges of the development are screened or softened where possible to lessen the impact on the setting of Amesbury.

SOUTH OF NETHERHAMPTON ROAD HARNHAM (SITE 13)

LOCATION The Netherhampton Road site is located to the west of Salisbury, south of the A3094, and is adjacent to existing employment uses and the livestock market. It falls partly within the Netherhampton Chalk Downland LCA. It is low lying, predominantly flat with a slope to the east of the site, facing north and north east.

PLANNING CONTEXT The site is currently mainly agricultural land, with some industrial units to the centre of the site. It is proposed to be developed into 400 dwellings and employment land.

EVIDENCE Prehistoric • Multiple cropmarks of possible barrows and ring ditches identified from aerial photographs both on the site, and in the surrounding area (NMR 1002205, 217772, 1002141, 1002199 and SMR Su12NW639, SU12NW671, SU12NW662, SU12NW642, SU12NW672, SU12NW661, SU12NW675, SU12NW631, SU12NW630). • Cropmarks of two curvilinear enclosures, possibly forming a settlement of prehistoric or Roman date was identified from aerial photographs to the south west of the site (NMR 1002223 and 1080503 and SMR SU12NW629) • Cropmarks of linear features of possible field system identified on aerial photographs to the south east of the site (NMR 1410667 and SMR SU12NW634). Geophysical survey and excavation followed in 1990 and 2003, but ditches identified were heavily disturbed by plough damage • Possible Bronze Age settlement identified during fieldwalking and geophysical survey to the west of the site (on the site of the Livestock market) that may be associated or part of the enclosures identified in aerial photographs (NMR 1194553). Undated ditches identified during geophysical survey excavated in 1993 and 1996 (SMR SU12NW646 and SU12NW153 SU12NW206). Ditches tentatively dated to either Late Bronze Age or early Iron Age. Also discovered during excavation were Neolithic pits with pottery fragments and flint tools (SMR SU12NW100). • Double ditched medieval trackway identified from aerial photographs to the south east of site running north west by south east (SMR SU12NW632) • Possible Iron Age ditch running north-south and containing pottery and animal bone excavated in 1967 at the eastern end of the site (NMR 217754 and SMR SU12NW204) • Watching brief (1995) and geophysical survey (1993) at Livestock market discovered Neolithic, Bronze Age and Iron Age features (NMR 1194555)

Roman • Roman Road runs to west of the site • Roman coin found nearby in West Harnham (NMR 217770)

Medieval and post Medieval • Drovers road visible on all historic maps to centre of site • Cropmarks of a group of lynchets identified from aerial photographs on the southern part of the site. One of the lynchets appears to partially circle a possible round barrow (NMR 1002207) • Sherds of medieval pottery were found to the south east of the site during fieldwork ahead of the proposed Salisbury Bypass (SMR 12NW503) • Extensive water meadows to the north of the site

Modern • Sewage farm visible on 1919 map on the site to the west • Livestock Market to the west of the site

Statutory heritage sites

On Immediate vicinity Local area Wider context Site (within 200m) (within 1km) (within 5km) Listed Buildings 0 0 7 949 Scheduled Monuments 0 0 0 19 Parks and Gardens 0 0 0 4 Conservation Areas 0 0 2 11 World Heritage Sites 0 0 0 0

Map 13.1: statutory heritage sites within the 1km study area

Possible influence on setting and views

Site or monument setting and key views • Significant level views of the Cathedral across the water meadows (see Fig 13.1). The southern part of the site is particularly visible in views to and from the Cathedral spire

Designed landscape or farmstead setting and key views • Not relevant

Settlement Setting and key views • In area of “level views, little/ no foreground, generally harsh, abrupt settlement edge” (SSA) • High sensitivity as backdrop to key views into Salisbury, particularly to the south • On urban gateway into Salisbury on the A3094, so site would form a first impression of Salisbury on approach from the west (SSA)

Fig 13.1: View from site towards cathedral across meadow. See map 13.1 for location of photo, looking east.

Designed landscape or farmstead setting or key views • Slightly undulating ground but is quite elevated to the south of the site, with this part of the site highly visible in the landscape, and particularly sensitive to views from and to the Cathedral spire • There are no issues relating to the setting or key views from designed landscapes and farmsteads

SUMMARY OF SENSITIVITIES AND IMPACTS Sensitivities Known and unknown archaeology: Much potential for unknown archaeology in the form of prehistoric barrows, field systems and enclosures across the site.

Setting and views to Salisbury and the Cathedral: Water meadows are a key feature of the surrounding landscape, with important views across these to the Cathedral spire. The higher southern potion of the site is visible across the valley and from the centre of the City, making it more sensitive to development.

Summary of impacts Overall HIGH risk of unknown archaeology on the site Overall LOW risk to the known historic environment so long as building heights are restricted on the southern end of the site and landscaping is used to frame views to the Cathedral.

Required mitigation measures • Archaeological investigations are undertaken prior to the site allocations as currently undiscovered archaeology could be of sufficient importance to affect developments on parts of the site. • Development on the higher southern part of the site is restricted to two storey • Potential to incorporate the medieval drovers road into the site layout • Landscaping is used to link to the water meadows and enhance the setting of Salisbury and frame views of the Cathedral • Lighting is low level and does not intrude above the height of buildings and is designed to minimise skyglow

Further work to understand potential impacts Site investigations prior to the site allocations.

UKLF (SITE 14)

LOCATION The UKLF barracks are located on rising ground to the north of the Wilton conservation area, and divide into two parts: that lying to the south west of the railway embankment and that lying to the north east. The lower site to the south west fronts the A30 with the northern boundary of Wilton Park immediately opposite. It falls part within the Larkhill and Winterbourne Chalk Downland LCA

PLANNING CONTEXT The site is currently army barracks for the UK Land Forces, to be vacated in 2010. It is proposed to be redeveloped into 600 dwellings.

EVIDENCE Prehistoric • Excavation to the west of the site in 1992 revealed Mesolithic broken flint tool (SMR SU03SE051)

Roman • No evidence

Medieval and post Medieval • Medieval matrix seal found to the west of the site (NMR 218610 and SMR SU13SW515) • Excavation to the west of the site in 1992 revealed late medieval pottery fragments (SMR SU03SE475) • Medieval hospital of St Giles founded in the 12th century to the south east of the site (SMR SU13SW498). Survived until 19th century • Fugglestone is a settlement with medieval origins on the southern part of the site (SMR SU13SW490)

Modern • Wilton Royal Carpet Factory was to the south west of the site, now a shopping complex • Hospital of St Giles was to the south of the site – built in 19th century, but replaced medieval hospital. • To the west of the site was St Mary Magdalene Hospital, again built in the 19th century to replace the earlier medieval one. • 1843 and 1891 maps – southern section of site was an unusual hexagonal shaped courtyard farmstead - Fugglestone Farm. • Appears to have been an orchard to the north west of the farmstead on the historic maps, while the northern section of the site is undeveloped. By the 1904 map, the orchard

becomes smaller and by 1919, a new house is built on the northern section of the site called Bridge End

Statutory heritage sites On Immediate vicinity Local area Wider context Site (within 200m) (within 1km) (within 5km) Listed Buildings 0 7 156 945 Scheduled Monuments 0 0 1 26 Parks and Gardens 0 1 1 4 Conservation Areas 0 1 1 13 World Heritage Sites 0 0 0 0

Map 14.1: statutory heritage sites within the 1km study area

Possible influence on setting and views

Site or monument setting and key views • Not relevant

Designed landscape or farmstead setting and key views • Views into Wilton Park from the lower part of the site are limited as there is a tree screen at the foot of the site along the road frontage, and because the northern edge of the Park has been developed at this point as a garden centre forming part of the Estate. • The northern portion of the site on higher ground north of the railway line is visible from Wilton Park (see Fig 14.1): - from the drive that enters Little Park along it’s southern boundary - from several key viewpoints within Temple Copse - from the south eastern end of Temple Copse.

Settlement setting and key views • Not in townscape/countryside interface – next to area of “elevated views, little / no foreground, generally harsh, abrupt settlement edge” (SSA) • Does not form part of key views into Wilton (SSA) but does lie directly adjacent to the Wilton conservation area • On an urban gateway into Wilton along ‘The Avenue’ at the northern end of the site and a gateway into distinctive Wilton at the southern end

Fig 14.1: View from Temple Copse in Wilton Park toward site (red section shows approximate visible area of northern portion of site). See map 14.1 for location of photo, looking north.

SUMMARY OF SENSITIVITIES AND IMPACTS Sensitivities Known and unknown archaeology: There is little potential for unknown archaeology as the site is heavily developed.

Setting and views to and from Wilton Park and Wilton conservation area: Currently the site detracts significantly from views from Wilton Park (Grade 1) and from the setting to Wilton conservation area. There is therefore a major opportunity to improve the setting and views out of Wilton Park and the settlement setting of Wilton as part of the redevelopment, with a high quality design sympathetic to its location and the massing and siting of buildings and associated landscaping and tree planting used to increase the permeability of the development and the links between the Park and the site.

Summary of impacts Overall MINIMAL risk of unknown archaeology on the site Overall LOW to MINIMAL risk to the known historic environment with the potential for the redevelopment to enhance the current setting of Wilton and views from Wilton Park.

Required mitigation measures • Site design and massing of buildings enhances views from Wilton Park and the setting of Wilton • Building height is limited to two storeys as the site is located on rising ground • The existing tree belt along the southern road frontage is retain and enhanced as a backdrop to Wilton Park • Lighting does not exceed the height of the development and is designed to minimise light pollution and skyglow • The open character of the land to the east of the development site is maintained as it also features in views from Little Park.

WEST OF DOWNTON ROAD (SITE 15)

LOCATION The West of Downton Road site is located on the southern edge of the Salisbury built up area on the A338. It falls within the Netherhampton Chalk Downland LCA and is in low lying area on a gentle slope facing north and north east.

PLANNING CONTEXT The site is currently agricultural land. It is proposed to be developed into 60 dwellings. It is located just south of an existing Local Plan Allocation which has planning permission and the benefit of a development brief and is north of the Britford Park and Ride and the Dairy Crest depot.

EVIDENCE Prehistoric • Palaeolithic flint implements have been found to the south of the site (NMR 217674, 1011345, and 1011341) and a very rare flint working tool floor was found to the south (SMR SU12NE011) • Rowbarrow, an undated bowl barrow lies to the north of the site excavated in 1854 and 1994 ahead of the development of housing around the site (SU12NW602, SMR SU12NW663 and SU12NW603). No traces of any other barrows were recorded but a ring ditch have been identified from aerial photographs NMR 217705 and SU12NW604), • Bronze Age field boundary, trackway and medieval field boundary were identified to west of the site near Odstock road in 1994 (NMR 1190340) • Late Bronze Age pottery found to south of the site during excavation in 1992 (SMR SU12NE153 and SU12NW158) • Iron Age pottery was found on northern edge of the site in 1992 (SMR SU12NW205) • Enclosed Iron Age Settlement and scheduled monument of Little Woodbury is just to the south west of the site. Little Woodbury was excavated in 1938-9, 1947 and an emergency excavation was carried out in 1983 ahead of the Odstock road improvement scheme (SMR SU12NW202). The site has largely been destroyed by the plough and ranch boundaries are thought to be similarly destroyed • Woodbury Iron Age univallate hillfort was to the south west of the site but the defences have now been levelled. Geophysical survey undertaken on the site in 1990 ahead of the proposed A36 Salisbury bypass. • Undated field system identified on the site through aerial photographs and traces found during evaluation excavation in 1994 (SMR SU12NW635) • Ring ditch visible on aerial photographs in the southern part of the site, and a sherd of Bronze Age pottery was found close to the ring ditch (SMR SU12NE615 and also SU12NW636)

Roman • Small Roman pottery fragment found to south of site during excavation in 1994 (SMR SU12NW306), and one on the northern edge of the site in 1994 (SMR SU12NW306)

Medieval and post Medieval • 28 post holes, pits and linear features were recorded during watching brief carried out in 2005 on the southern corner of the park and ride site to the south of the proposed site. They are thought to be the site of agricultural haystacks. One sherd of pottery found dated to the 12th or 13th centuries (SMR SU12NE656). • Extensive and well preserved post medieval water meadows in Longford Castle grounds just under 1km from the south east of the proposed site, much of the original system remains (SMR SU12NE525)

Modern • Bridge Farm farmstead to the east of the site includes various listed buildings • Nothing shows on historic maps, the entire site appears as open fields.

Statutory heritage sites On Immediate vicinity Local area Wider context Site (within 200m) (within 1km) (within 5km) Listed Buildings 0 0 39 830 Scheduled Monuments 0 1 2 16 Parks and Gardens 0 0 1 5 Conservation Areas 0 0 2 11 World Heritage Sites 0 0 0 0

Map 15.1: statutory heritage sites within the 1km study area

Possible influence on setting and views

Site or monument setting and key views • There are minimal issues relating to the setting or key views from monuments, as the nearby scheduled monument of Little Woodbury is not visible over ground and lies adjacent to an existing housing development and hospital.

Designed landscape or farmstead setting and key views • Longford Park (Grade ll*) is nearby but as the land falls gently to the north, the site is not visible from Longford Park and fits well within the contours of the large field within which the site is located, keeping to the bottom of the slope.

Settlement setting and key views • In area of “level views, little / no foreground, generally harsh, abrupt settlement edge” (SSA) • The site interrupts level views into Salisbury and is on the urban gateway into Salisbury on the A338, so would form a first impression of Salisbury when approaching from the south (SSA)

SUMMARY OF SENSITIVITIES AND IMPACTS Sensitivities Known and unknown archaeology: The proximity of the site to the remains of Great Woodbury to the north and Little Woodbury to the north east means there is potential for unknown archaeology on this site. The setting of these surrounding monuments would be little affected however, as they are largely sub-surface. There is further abundant barrow and field system evidence some of which may fall within the site, although there is no surface evidence.

Setting and views from Longford Park: The site does not fall within the setting and views from the Park.

Setting of Salisbury: The site may affect the gateway into Salisbury.

Summary of impacts Overall HIGH risk of unknown archaeology on the site Overall LOW to MINIMAL risk to the known historic environment

Required mitigation measures • Archaeological investigations are undertaken prior to the site allocations as currently undiscovered archaeology could be of sufficient importance to affect developments on parts of the site. • Building design and massing respect the edge of settlement location • Lighting does not exceed the height of the development and is designed to minimise light pollution and skyglow

Further work to understand potential impacts Site investigations prior to the site allocations.

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WILTON MIDDLE SCHOOL (SITE 16)

LOCATION Wilton Middle School is located on the edge of Wilton to the north west of Wilton town centre, north of the railway line and the A30, and west of existing dwellings. The site is in an elevated position on land that rises relatively steeply to the north with the top of the site marking the break of slope onto a more shallowly sloping plateau. The site predominantly faces south to south east. It falls partly within the Wylye Broad River Valley Slopes LCA and.

PLANNING CONTEXT Part of the site is currently developed as a small middle school. It is proposed to be developed into 60 dwellings.

EVIDENCE Prehistoric • Mesolithic flint axe found to the north of the site by the side of a public footpath (SMR SU03SE053) • Bronze Age collared urn covering burnt human remains found during ploughing to north of the site (SMR SU03SE152 and NMR 214626)

Roman • No evidence on site, yet small finds were uncovered in various locations in Wilton (SMR SU03SE313, SU03SE302, SU03SE308 and SU03SE306)

Medieval and post Medieval • The road to the east of the site was originally a ditch (undated) approx 400m long, that was later converted into a metalled road (SMR SU03SE607) • Near site of Medieval Friary on West Street (SMR SU03SE467) • Medieval settlement of Ditchampton to the east of the site (SMR SU03SE451) • Settlement with Saxon origins to the south of the site at North Ugford (SMR SU03SE403). • Wilton’s Saxon origins prevalent in the many medieval finds in the town. Was thriving commercial centre until the later 13th century when it suffered from the rise of Salisbury.

Modern • Nothing on historic maps until epoch 4 map where the school is marked, as well as houses immediately to the east. The oldest part of the school buildings date from 1935, but most were built after 1960 and are of little architectural merit.

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• Water meadows are visible on aerial photographs all along the Nadder Valley (SMR SU03SE531 and Cowan (2005) Wiltshire Water Meadows) • Wilton House and Park nearby to the south east. • St Mary and St Nicholas church (North Italian Romanesque church constructed in 1841-44) nearby to the south east in the centre of the Wilton conservation area.

Statutory heritage sites On Immediate vicinity Local area Wider context Site (within 200m) (within 1km) (within 5km) Listed Buildings 0 2 127 331 Scheduled Monuments 0 0 1 21 Parks and Gardens 0 0 1 1 Conservation Areas 0 0 1 9 World Heritage Sites 0 0 0 0

Map 16.1: statutory heritage sites within the 1km study area

Possible influence on setting and views

Site or monument setting and key views • There are no issues relating to the setting or key views from monuments

102

Designed landscape or farmstead setting and key views • Views into Wilton Park are largely screened by a treed railway embankment that runs along the southern boundary of the site (trees approx 6-10m in height). Views out of Wilton Park in this direction are blocked by trees within the designed landscape.

Settlement setting and key views • Not in an area of townscape/countryside (SSA) • View out of the historic core of Wilton may be affected

SUMMARY OF SENSITIVITIES AND IMPACTS Sensitivities Known and unknown archaeology: There is little potential for unknown archaeology as the site is developed.

Setting and views from Wilton Park (Grade 1): Currently the site is not visible from Wilton Park despite its location on rising ground, as views out are screened by existing trees within the designed park and because of the screening afforded to the lower part of the site by the wooded railway embankment. If there was tree loss within the Park in the future, it is possible that the higher ground of the site could become visible from the Park.

Setting of Wilton: Likewise the higher parts of the site may be visible from Wilton conservation area.

Summary of impacts Overall MINIMAL risk of unknown archaeology on the site Overall LOW to MINIMAL risk to the known historic environment so long as work is undertaken as part of the site development to ensure that the development does not appear as a solid skyline feature when viewed from Wilton Park and Wilton

Required mitigation measures • Building height on higher ground within the site does not exceed two stories • The massing and layout of buildings does not create a solid built edge when viewed from the south • The site layout is softened with tree planting • The tree belt along the railway line is retained and managed • Lighting does not exceed the height of the development and is designed to minimise light pollution and skyglow.

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