SALISBURY HISTORIC ENVIRONMENT ASSESSMENT Final Report A report for English Heritage Prepared by Land Use Consultants April 2009 . SALISBURY HISTORIC ENVIRONMENT ASSESSMENT Final Report Prepared for English Heritage by Land Use Consultants April 2009 14 Great George Street, Bristol, BS1 5RH London NW1 1JD Tel: 0117 929 1997 Fax: 0117 929 1998 [email protected] CONTENTS 1. Introduction ......................................................................................... 3 Background...................................................................................................................................................3 Study Objectives..........................................................................................................................................3 Proposed development sites .............................................................................................................................. 3 Structure of this report ....................................................................................................................................... 6 2. Methodology ........................................................................................ 7 Summary of Existing Historic Environment Assessments..................................................................7 Data Sources................................................................................................................................................7 Method ..........................................................................................................................................................8 3. Context............................................................................................... 11 Introduction................................................................................................................................................11 Statement of Significance for the Study Area .....................................................................................11 Heritage values ..........................................................................................................................................14 Sense of place.....................................................................................................................................................14 Understanding sites in context........................................................................................................................14 4. Summary of Conclusions and Reccommendations ....................... 21 Mitigation measures..........................................................................................................................................26 Undiscovered archaeology ....................................................................................................................26 i TABLES Table 1.1: Proposed Development Sites……………………………………………..……...4 Table 4.1: Summary of conclusions on the risk to the historic environment (known sites) from each proposed development site………………………………………………...……..22 Table 4.2: Summary of conclusions on the risk to potential archaeology on each proposed development site……………………………………………………………………………...24 Table 4.3: Summary of the risk to the historic environment overall, and the risk to potential archaeology of each proposed development site……………………………...…...26 MAPS Map 1.1: proposed development sites……………………………………………….…….…5 Map 2.1: proposed development sites and the 1km and 5km study areas……….….….......10 Map 3.1: statutory heritage sites within the study area……………………………….….....13 Map 3.2: visibility of scheduled monuments within the study area……………………..…..16 Map 3.3: visibility of scheduled monuments in relation to proposed development sites…..17 Map 3.4: visibility of listed buildings within the study area..………………………..……….18 Map 3.5: visibility of listed buildings in relation to proposed development sites…………...19 Map 3.6: key views identified within the study area………………………………..……….20 Map 4.1: proposed sites according to overall risk to known heritage……………………...23 Map 4.2: proposed sites according to risk to potential archaeology.……………….……...25 APPENDICES APPENDIX 1: Proposed Development Site Descriptions……………………………..…29 ii 1. INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND 1.1. Salisbury District Council (SDC – to be superseded by Wiltshire Council on 1st April 2009) is currently preparing its Local Development Framework (LDF) and will be allocating strategic sites to accommodate a 5-year supply of 3,775 new homes and associated levels of employment space with broad locations for development for years 6-20. Obvious and uncontroversial options to do so are limited, reflecting the historic importance of Salisbury, adjacent settlements and their setting. 1.2. Chris Blandford Associates were commissioned by SDC to carry out a Landscape Character Assessment and Settlement Setting Assessment (SSA) of the District to inform and assess a number of proposed development sites published for consultation in February 2008 and again in September 2008. However English Heritage was of the view that consideration of the impact on the historic environment was only partial (as this was not the primary focus of these two studies). 1.3. In view of the national significance of south Wiltshire’s historic landscape, English Heritage is anxious to ensure strategic spatial decisions are not made without a clear understanding of the effect on the historic environment. 1.4. In late January 2009, in order to strengthen the existing evidence base and ensure the emerging choices are the most appropriate, English Heritage commissioned Land Use Consultants (LUC) to provide an independent review of the potential effects of the spatial options put forward by SDC and their impact on the historic environment. Study objectives 1.5. To support English Heritage’s ongoing discussions with SDC to encourage suitable spatial options, by the provision of robust and independent evidence on likely effects on the historic environment, to supplement the CBA studies. 1.6. Specifically, this study has been required to consider the impact of the proposed development sites on: • prehistoric landscape, known and unknown archaeology in general • setting of individual monuments (e.g. Old Sarum and Roman Roads) • setting, key views in and out of Longford (grade ll*) and Wilton (grade 1) designed landscapes (and also including Amesbury Abbey - grade ll*). • the setting of Salisbury and key views in and out of Salisbury • historic farmsteads Proposed development sites 1.7. The list of proposed development sites was provided by Salisbury District Council, along with GIS boundaries of each site. These sites fall into three categories (although some are a combination): 3 a] Sites that are currently undeveloped (Greenfield sites) b] Sites that are in the process of development but where there is still scope to reduce the impact of development on the historic environment. In these cases there is outline planning permission for the whole site but there may be potential to address conservation of particular aspects of the historic environment under reserve matters at the time that a full planning application is made for all or part of the site. c] Sites that are currently developed (Brownfield sites) but are proposed for redevelopment. Here there is an opportunity to increase the positive and reduce the negative impact of development on the historic environment by clearly taking account of the historic environment in any redevelopment proposals. 1.8. Spatially these sites lie within and around the historic cores of Salisbury; Amesbury and Wilton, with potential development close to Odstock hospital (Map 1.1). Table 1.1: Proposed Development Sites Site category Proposed Site No. of proposed Site Name (see 1.7 Employment Number dwellings above) site? 1 Archers Gate, Amesbury b No 1025 2 Bulbridge, Wilton a No 45 3 Central Carpark c Yes 200 4 Churchfields c No 1380 5 Engine shed c (derelict) No 100 6 Fugglestone Red a and c Yes 1250 7 Hampton Park a No 500 8 Imerys, Wilton c Yes 0 9 Old Manor Hospital, Salisbury c No 80 10 Old Sarum a Yes 1000 11 Salisbury Hospital (Odstock) a Yes 1000 12 Solstice Park, Amesbury b Yes 0 South of Netherhampton Road a and c Yes 400 13 Harnham 14 UKLF, Wilton c No 600 15 West of Downton Road a No 60 16 Wilton Middle School c No 60 4 Map 1.1: proposed development sites *See site descriptions in Appendix 1 for more detailed maps of each site 5 Structure of this report 1.9. This report divides into two main parts: • The Main Report – Chapters 1 – 4, seek to summarise the main findings of this study. Chapter 2 sets out the methodology followed; Chapter 3 describes the strategic historic context of Salisbury and its surrounding settlements; while Chapter 4 summarises the recommendations and conclusions reached through this study. • Appendix 1: Proposed Development Sites – takes each proposed development site in turn and describes the site’s: background; know and unknown archaeology on the site and in the immediate vicinity (including identification of statutory heritage sites); possible influences on the setting and visual sensitivity of settlements, historic monuments, listed building and designed parks and gardens; and concludes with a summary of key values and pressures. 1.10. The Appendix therefore contains all the site-specific detail. 6 2. METHODOLOGY SUMMARY OF EXISTING HISTORIC ENVIRONMENT ASSESSMENTS 2.1. The Landscape Character Assessment (LCA) undertaken