Troublous Times in New Mexico, 1659•Fi1670
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The Legacy of the Inquisition in the Colonization of New Spain and New Mexico C
University of Texas at El Paso DigitalCommons@UTEP Student Papers (History) Department of History 5-11-2012 Lobos y Perros Rabiosos: The Legacy of the Inquisition in the Colonization of New Spain and New Mexico C. Michael Torres [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.utep.edu/hist_honors Comments: Master's Seminar Essay Recommended Citation Torres, C. Michael, "Lobos y Perros Rabiosos: The Legacy of the Inquisition in the Colonization of New Spain and New Mexico" (2012). Student Papers (History). Paper 2. http://digitalcommons.utep.edu/hist_honors/2 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of History at DigitalCommons@UTEP. It has been accepted for inclusion in Student Papers (History) by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@UTEP. For more information, please contact [email protected]. LOBOS Y PERROS RABIOSOS: The Legacy of the Inquisition in the Colonization of New Spain and New Mexico Cheryl Martin, PhD. Master’s Seminar Essay May 11, 2012 C. Michael Torres 1 It is unlikely that any American elementary school student could forget the importance of the year 1492, as it immediately brings to mind explorer Christopher Columbus, his three tiny sailing ships and the daring voyage of discovery to the New World. Of no less importance was what historian Teofilo Ruiz of UCLA has called the Other 1492, the completion of the Reconquista (Reconquest) of the Moorish kingdoms in Iberia, and the expulsion of the Jews from Spain by the Catholic Monarchs Ferdinand II of Aragón, and Queen Isabella of Castile.1 These seemingly unconnected events influenced the history and economy of Spain and Europe, setting in motion the exploration, immigration, and colonization of the Americas which gave rise to Spain‟s Golden Age. -
Allegations of Extortion: New Mexico Residencias of the Mid-1600S
New Mexico Historical Review Volume 80 Number 1 Article 7 1-1-2005 Allegations of Extortion: New Mexico Residencias of the mid-1600s Rick Hendricks Gerald Mandell Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/nmhr Recommended Citation Hendricks, Rick and Gerald Mandell. "Allegations of Extortion: New Mexico Residencias of the mid-1600s." New Mexico Historical Review 80, 1 (2005). https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/nmhr/vol80/iss1/7 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by UNM Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in New Mexico Historical Review by an authorized editor of UNM Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]. Allegations of Extortion NEW MEXICO RESIDENCIAS OF THE MID-16oos Rick Hendricks and Gerald Mandell n 11 May 1646, in the mining town of ParraI in Nueva Vizcaya, Capt. OJuan de Heredia-armed with a power ofattorney granted to him by New Mexico governor Gen. Alonso Pacheco (1642-1644)-initiated a civil lawsuit. I Heredia's formal complaint was directed against Pacheco's succes sor, Gov. Fernando de Arguello Carvajal (1644-1647): Gen. Fernando de Arguello, utilizing the residencia process for his own purposes, has committed serious extortions against Gen. Alonso Pacheco and has seized the latter's property.... It has come to my attention that there are presently five freight wagons from New Mexico in the town of Parral, recently dispatched by General Arguello, which contain all of the personal property and merchandise belonging to General Pacheco, including seventeen Apache slaves ofvarious ages and both sexes.2 Captain Heredia's assertion was hardly unique. -
Spanish Relations with the Apache Nations East of the Rio Grande
SPANISH RELATIONS WITH THE APACHE NATIONS EAST OF THE RIO GRANDE Jeffrey D. Carlisle, B.S., M.A. Dissertation Prepared for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF NORTH TEXAS May 2001 APPROVED: Donald Chipman, Major Professor William Kamman, Committee Member Richard Lowe, Committee Member Marilyn Morris, Committee Member F. Todd Smith, Committee Member Andy Schoolmaster, Committee Member Richard Golden, Chair of the Department of History C. Neal Tate, Dean of the Robert B. Toulouse School of Graduate Studies Carlisle, Jeffrey D., Spanish Relations with the Apache Nations East of the Río Grande. Doctor of Philosophy (History), May 2001, 391 pp., bibliography, 206 titles. This dissertation is a study of the Eastern Apache nations and their struggle to survive with their culture intact against numerous enemies intent on destroying them. It is a synthesis of published secondary and primary materials, supported with archival materials, primarily from the Béxar Archives. The Apaches living on the plains have suffered from a lack of a good comprehensive study, even though they played an important role in hindering Spanish expansion in the American Southwest. When the Spanish first encountered the Apaches they were living peacefully on the plains, although they occasionally raided nearby tribes. When the Spanish began settling in the Southwest they changed the dynamics of the region by introducing horses. The Apaches quickly adopted the animals into their culture and used them to dominate their neighbors. Apache power declined in the eighteenth century when their Caddoan enemies acquired guns from the French, and the powerful Comanches gained access to horses and began invading northern Apache territory. -
The Franciscan Fray Tomás Manso Claims for His Order Eccesiastical Jursidiction Over the Valleys of Nacasuras Y Mochiras for the Evangelization of the Cipias Indians
The Franciscan Fray Tomás Manso Claims for his Order Eccesiastical Jursidiction over the valleys of Nacasuras y Mochiras for the Evangelization of the Cipias Indians Biblioteca Nacional de México, Archivo Franciscano, caja 19, expediente 406 Edited by Jerry R. Craddock based on revisions of transcriptions by Barbara De Marco University of California, Berkeley Published under the auspices of the Cíbola Project Research Center for Romance Studies Institute of International Studies University of California, Berkeley Facsimiles published with the permission of Dirección General del Patrimonio Universitario Instituto de Investigaciones Bibliográficas Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Biblioteca Nacional de México Preface In the valleys of Nacasuras and Mochiras, there lived the nation of the Cipias, neighbors of the Ipotlapiguas, both collectively called the Imiris, wonderfully exotic names of tribes and valleys apparently otherwise unknown to geography and anthropology.1 Fray Tomás claimed to have discovered the two valleys, and the natives that dwelt in them, in 1632. In answer to their appeal for evangelization, fray Tomás returned in 1638 in the company of the governor of New Mexico, Luis de Rosas (see Scholes 1936:301-302, 326n4). Subsequently, in 1645, under the governorship of Alonso Pacheco, four Franciscan missionaries were dispatched by fray Tomás, then custodio of the Franciscan order in New Mexico, to the aforementioned valleys, accompanied by a youth from that region who had become Christian and spoke Spanish. However, this missionary expedition aroused the opposition of the Jesuits of Sonora who claimed ecclesiastical jurisdiction over the area, located in the province of Sonora or bordering on it. Fray Tomás’s letter to the viceroy is a plea that the dispute should be resolved in the Franciscans’ favor. -
Gran Quiviragordon Vivian
EXCAVATIONS I N A 17TH-CENTURY JUMANO PUEBLO GRAN QUIVIRA GORDON VIVIAN WITH A CHAPTER ON ARTIFACTS FROM GRAN QUlVlRA SALLIE VAN VALKENBURGH ARCHEOLOGICAL RESEARCH SERIES NUMBER EIGHT NATIONAL PARK SERVICE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Stewart L. Udall, Secretary NATIONAL PARK SERVICE George B. Hartzog, Jr., Director America's Natural Resources Created in 1849, the Department of the Interior–America's Department of Natural Resources– is concerned with the management, conservation, and de- velopment of the Nation's water, wildlife, mineral, forest, and park and recre- ational resources. It also has major responsibilities for Indian and territorial affairs. As the Nation's principal conservation agency, the Departmentworks to as- sure that nonrenewable resources are developed and used wisely, that park and recreational resources are conserved, and that renewable resources make their full contribution to the progress, prosperity, and security of the United States- now and in the future. Archeological Research Series No. 1. Archeology of the Bynum Mounds, Mississippi. No. 2. Archeological Excavations in Mesa Verde National Park, Colorado, 1950. No. 3. Archeology of the Funeral Mound, Ocmulgee National Monument, Georgia. No. 4. Archeological Excavations at Jamestown, Virginia. No. 5. The Hubbard Site and Other Tri-wall Structures in New Mexico and Colorado. No. 6. Search for the Cittie of Ralegh, Archeological Excavations at Fort Ralegh National Historic Site, North Carolina. No. 7. The Archeological Survey of Wetherill Mesa, Mesa Verde National Park, Colorado. No. 8. Excavations in a 17th-century Jumano Pueblo, Gran Quivira, New Mexico. THIS PUBLICATION is one of a series of research studies devoted to specialized topics which have been explored in connection with the various areas in the National Park System. -
The Religious Lives of Franciscan Missionaries, Pueblo Revolutionaries, and the Colony of Nuevo Mexico, 1539-1722 Michael P
Florida State University Libraries Electronic Theses, Treatises and Dissertations The Graduate School 2010 Among the Pueblos: The Religious Lives of Franciscan Missionaries, Pueblo Revolutionaries, and the Colony of Nuevo Mexico, 1539-1722 Michael P. Gueno Follow this and additional works at the FSU Digital Library. For more information, please contact [email protected] THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ARTS & SCIENCES AMONG THE PUEBLOS: THE RELIGIOUS LIVES OF FRANCISCAN MISSIONARIES, PUEBLO REVOLUTIONARIES, AND THE COLONY OF NUEVO MEXICO, 1539-1722 By MICHAEL P. GUENO A Dissertation submitted to the Department of Religion in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Degree Awarded: Fall Semester, 2010 The members of the committee approve the dissertation of Michael P. Guéno defended on August 20, 2010. __________________________________ John Corrigan Professor Directing Dissertation __________________________________ Edward Gray University Representative __________________________________ Amanda Porterfield Committee Member __________________________________ Amy Koehlinger Committee Member Approved: _____________________________________ John Corrigan, Chair, Department of Religion _____________________________________ Joseph Travis, Dean, College of Arts and Sciences The Graduate School has verified and approved the above-named committee members. ii For Shaynna iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS It is my pleasure and honor to remember the many hands and lives to which this manuscript and I are indebted. The innumerable persons who have provided support, encouragement, and criticism along the writing process humble me. I am truly grateful for the ways that they have shaped this text and my scholarship. Archivists and librarians at several institutions provided understanding assistance and access to primary documents, especially those at the New Mexico State Record Center and Archive, the Archive of the Archdiocese of Santa Fe, Archivo General de la Nacion de Mexico, and Biblioteca Nacional de la Anthropologia e Historia in Mexico City. -
1625–1641 by José García
Colonial Governors 1625–1641 By José García he governors cited here served during formal trial by the Inquisition. the period 1625 to 1641, all appointed by Historians believe that hostility among the Viceroy Rodrigo Pacheco de Osorio with citizenry caused Ossorio financial ruin and Tthe exception of Francisco Martínez de reduced him to the ignoble job of watering Baeza, who was appointed by Viceroy Lope his own horse. Gov. Antonio de Otermín Diego de Armendariz, and Luis de Rosas, who would later state that the soldier–citizens had was appointed by Viceroy Marques de Cadereita. always been unfriendly, even hostile, to They all served King Felipe IV. Governors were governors who opposed their wishes. Ossorio normally appointed by the viceroy in Mexico. left office in 1629, relinquishing the reins of The term of an appointment was in most cases government to his successor, Francisco three to four years, while some governors served Manuel de Silva Nieto. longer and others were appointed more than Francisco Manuel de Silva Nieto, 1630–1632 once. Some governors served with honorable Not much is known about Francisco distinction, while others were less respected. Manuel de Silva Nieto other than that he Some were military men, while others were served during this period. However, as career bureaucrats. In most cases they were research continues, it is hoped that some dispatched out of Mexico City and could return information will turn up. when their successor arrived in Santa Fe. Francisco de la Mora y Ceballos, 1632–1635 Admiral Felipe Sotelo Ossorio, 1625-1630 France V. Scholes wrote in his book Church Gov. -
The University of Oklahoma Graduate College Spanish
THE UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA GRADUATE COLLEGE SPANISH RELATIONS WITH THE INDIOS BARBAROS ON THE NORTHERN MOST FRONTIER OF NEW SPAIN IN THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE FACULTY in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY BY ELIZABETH ANN HARPER JOHN N o rman, Ok1ahoma 1957 SPANISH RELATIONS WITH THE INDIOS BARBAROS ON THE NORTHERN MOST FRONTIER OF NEW SPAIN IN THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY APPROVED BY DISSERTATION COMMTTEE ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The author gratefully acknowledges her debt to Dr, Max L. Moorhead, whose scholarly perception and standards of excellence made his direction of this dissertation a genuine privilege for her. His generous cooperation greatly smoothed the difficulties attendant upon the completion of a degree in absentia. She wishes also to thank the dissertation committee for their helpful suggestions on the preparation of the fi nal draft. iii TABLE OP CONTENTS Page LIST OF îtîAPS ....................... V INTRODUCTION ......................................... 1 Chapter I. SPAIN MEETS THE INDIOS BARBAROS : RELATIONS WITH THE APACHES AND NAVAJOS TÔ 1715 .... 10 II. THE COMANCHES OVERTURN THE BALANCE OP POWER ON THE NORTHERN FRONTIER, 1700-1762 ......... 39 III. THE PROVINCIAS INTERNAS UNITE TO MEET THE THREAT OP THE BARBAROS. 1762-1786 ........... 98 IV. A SUCCESSFUL INDIAN POLICY EMERGES, 1786-1800 139 BIBLIOGRAPHY ......................................... 180 IV LIST OP MAPS Page Ranges of Indian Groups on the Spanish Frontier in the Eighteenth C e n t u r y ................. 12 The Northern Frontier of New Spa i n ................. 77 SPANISH RELATIONS WITH THE INDIOS BÂRBAROS ON THE NORTHERN FRONTIER OP NEW SPAIN IN THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY ' INTRODUCTION The subject of Spanish Indian policies is an extra ordinarily intricate one, as perhaps inevitably follows from the complex nature of the forces from which they emerged. -
El Camino Real De Tierra Adentro Archival Study
El Camino Real de Tierra Adentro As Revealed Through the Written Record: A Guide to Sources of Information for One of the Great Trails of North America Prepared for: The New Mexico Spaceport Authority (NMSA) Las Cruces and Truth or Consequences, New Mexico The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), Office of Commercial Space Transportation Compiled by: Jemez Mountains Research Center, LLC Santa Fe, New Mexico Contributors: Kristen Reynolds, Elizabeth A. Oster, Michael L. Elliott, David Reynolds, Maby Medrano Enríquez, and José Luis Punzo Díaz December, 2020 El Camino Real de Tierra Adentro As Revealed Through the Written Record: A Guide to Sources of Information for One of the Great Trails of North America Table of Contents 1. Introduction and Statement of Purpose .................................................................................................. 1 • Introduction .............................................................................................................................................. 1 • Scope and Organization ....................................................................................................................... 2 • El Camino Real de Tierra Adentro: Terminology and Nomenclature ............................... 4 2. History of El Camino Real de Tierra Adentro; National Historic Trail Status........................... 6 3. A Guide to Sources of Information for El Camino Real de Tierra Adentro .............................. 16 • 3.1. Archives and Repositories ....................................................................................................... -
Perspectives of the Pueblo Revolt of 1680 Packet Document a Trouble
Perspectives of the Pueblo Revolt of 1680 Packet Document A Trouble for the Spanish The Pueblo Revolt of 1680 by Pedro Ponce Three centuries before Thomas Jefferson sent expeditions westward to explore the unknown continent, the Spanish had secured territory in the Americas. Beginning with Columbus’s arrival in the West Indies, the Spanish Empire encouraged explorers to seek land and wealth in the western hemisphere. By the 1530s Cabeza de Vaca’s reports of rich Indian cities in the American Southwest had captivated gold-hunters and missionaries. On the Feast Day of San Lorenzo, August 10, 1680, the Franciscan priest Fray Juan Pío left early from Santa Fe to say Mass in the nearby pueblo of Tesuque. A Spanish settler living in Tesuque had been murdered the day before and Pío was preoccupied with reports of an imminent Indian uprising. Before the day was over, Pío would disappear, his bloodstained shield found, and four hundred Spaniards, among them twenty other Franciscan priests, would be killed. After more than 140 years of submission to Spanish colonial rule, the Pueblos had united with other Indian tribes to revolt against their colonizers. Led by a medicine man known as Popé, they plundered homes and demolished churches and other signs of the Spanish empire, including government documents. The Pueblo Revolt had begun. Spanish survivors were driven as far south as present-day El Paso. For the next twelve years, New Mexico would remain free of Spanish rule. Today the incident offers a view of the first contact between Europeans and native peoples of the Americas. -
The Genizaros in Colonial New Mexico
University of Montana ScholarWorks at University of Montana Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers Graduate School 2008 Into the Den of Evils: The Genizaros in Colonial New Mexico Doris Swann Avery The University of Montana Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Avery, Doris Swann, "Into the Den of Evils: The Genizaros in Colonial New Mexico" (2008). Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers. 592. https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/592 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at ScholarWorks at University of Montana. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at University of Montana. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INTO THE DEN OF EVILS: THE GENíZAROS IN COLONIAL NEW MEXICO By DORIS SWANN AVERY Bachelor of Arts, Duke University, Durham, NC, 1993 Thesis presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in History The University of Montana Missoula, MT May 2008 Approved by: Dr. David A. Strobel, Dean Graduate School Dr. Dan L. Flores, Committee Chair History Dr. Jody Pavilack History Dr. David R.M. Beck Native American Studies Avery, Doris, M.A., Spring 2008 History INTO THE DEN OF EVILS: THE GENíZAROS IN COLONIAL NEW MEXICO Chairperson: Dr. Dan L. Flores As a result of the Indian slave trade in the American Southwest, a group of detribalized Indians emerged in New Mexico during the Spanish colonial period. -
The Governors of New Mexico
New Mexico Historical Review Volume 10 Number 2 Article 10 4-1-1935 The Governors of New Mexico Lansing B. Bloom Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/nmhr Recommended Citation Bloom, Lansing B.. "The Governors of New Mexico." New Mexico Historical Review 10, 2 (). https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/nmhr/vol10/iss2/10 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by UNM Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in New Mexico Historical Review by an authorized editor of UNM Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]. THE GOVERNORS OF NEW MEXICO By LANSING B. BLOOM EW MEXICO can show a longer line ·of governors than N any other State in the Union. Beginning in 1598 and continuing over a span of 337 years to date, New Mexico' has been successively a province of Spain; a province, territory, and department under Mexico; and a territory and state of the United States. In view of the fact that the records at Santa Fe. were destroyed in the Indian Rebellion of 1680, it is not surpris ing that our knowledge of these governors has long re mained incomplete. The list as compiled by Bancroft' had serious gaps and mistakes, yet his work was basic and it is still quoted as authoritative. Some of his errors may be found in the works of H~ E. Bolton:R. E. Twitchell," B. M. Read: and C. F. Coan,' and in the writings of other authors who have depended on the works just mentioned.· As one result of study begun in 1910 in the archiv~l records in Santa Fe, Washington, and at other depositories in this country, a number of corrections as to various governors were established; and in recent years archives which have been secured in Spain and in Mexico have yielded amass of 1.