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3DTV BROADCASTING – a Survey

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3DTV BROADCASTING – a Survey THE DYNAMICS AND INTRICACIES OF 3DTV BROADCASTING – A Survey Vittal Reddy Mandadi THESIS WORK 2011 Master of Electrical Engineering: Specialization in Embedded Systems Postadress: Besöksadress: Telefon: Box 1026 Gjuterigatan 5 036-10 10 00 (vx) 551 11 Jönköping This thesis work is performed at the School of Engineeringin Jönköping Universitywithin the subject area of Electrical Engineering.This work is a part of the two-year Master’s Degree program with the specialisation in Embedded Systems. The author takes full responsibility for opinions, conclusions and findings presented. Examiner:Professor: Dr Youzhi Xu Supervisor: Dr Youzhi Xu Scope: 30 credits (D-Level) Date:2014.03.19 Postadress: Besöksadress: Telefon: Box 1026 Gjuterigatan 5 036-10 10 00 (vx) 551 11 Jönköping Acknowledgement I would like to thank professors and also the University for supporting and encouraging me during my studies in JTH. In particular, I would like to thank Dr.YouzhiXu for giving me the opportunity to conduct research aboutthe dynamics and intricacies of 3DTV Broadcasting. I would like to express my gratitude to my examiner, Dr.YouzhiXu, for his guidance and patience along this project. His advice and help were absolutely invaluable. Finally, I reserve the most special gratitude for my family in India. Without your unconditional support and love, this could have been impossible. I will never be able to repay all the sacrifices and hardships that you had to endure. I hope my humble accomplishments can compensate at least in part all the things you have done for me. Postadress: Besöksadress: Telefon: Box 1026 Gjuterigatan 5 036-10 10 00 (vx) 551 11 Jönköping Abstract Abstract It is predicted that three-dimensional television (3DTV) will enter the markets in ten years. 3d-imaging and display are one of the most important applications of information systems with a broad range of applications in computer display, TV, video, robotic, metrology, reconnaissance, and medicine. This master thesis project will be focused on the review of the state of the art in 3DTV technologies, challenges and possible approaches, including, for example but not limited: Standards or specifications of 3DTV cameras, signal processing, compression, transmission and displays Established research institutes, companies, organizations, international conferences, journals, magazines, and famous projects in the area of 3DTV in the world. Products, Prototypes and platforms of 3DTV, including the names, producers, brief description of the products or prototypes, key features and data sheets, as well as the price. 3D Research methodologies and the performance measures 3DTV capture and representation techniques 3DTV coding techniques, including compression mainly 3DTV transmission techniques (mainly TV broadcasting, also internet and mobile) 3DTV display techniques. 3DTV rendering techniques. Forward and backward compatibility. In addition, an optional task of the project is to make an estimation of implementation complexity for 3D encoding, processing, transmission, receiving and re-representation algorithms which are most popular currently and possibly be used in the future. 1 Contents Contents THE DYNAMICS AND INTRICACIES OF 3DTV BROADCASTING – A Survey ............................................................ 1 Abstract ............................................................................................ 1 Abbreviations ................................................................................... 6 1 Introduction ............................................................................... 7 1.1 BACKGROUND ............................................................................................................................................ 7 1.2 PURPOSE AND RESEARCH QUESTIONS.................................................................................................... 7 1.3 DELIMITATIONS ......................................................................................................................................... 7 1.4 OUTLINE...................................................................................................................................................... 8 2 Theoretical Background ........................................................... 9 2.1 STANDARDS OF PRODUCTION AND DISPLAY ............................................................................................. 9 2.2 3D TV MECHANISM .................................................................................................................................... 9 2.3 3D TV PLATFORMS AND PRODUCTS......................................................................................................... 19 2.4. 3D TV RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT .................................................................................................. 35 2.5 FORWARD AND BACKWARD COMPATIBILITY.......................................................................................... 37 2.6. 3DTV USAGES BETWEEN TV SETS, COMPUTER DISPLAY AND MOBILES .......................................... 37 3 Method and implementation ................................................. 39 3.1 METHODOLOGY MODEL ......................................................................................................................... 39 3.2. RESEARCH STUDY .............................................................................................................................. 40 3.3. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS......................................................................................................... 40 4 Key Techniques of 3DTV........................................................ 41 4.1 3D TV CONTENT PRODUCTION ............................................................................................................. 42 4.1.1. Camera Filming ................................................................................................................................ 42 4.1.2. Computer Generated Images .......................................................................................................... 43 4.1.3. 2D to 3D Conversion........................................................................................................................ 43 4.2 3DTV REPRESENTATION........................................................................................................................ 46 4.2.1. 3D Encoding Schemes ...................................................................................................................... 46 4.2.2. 3D Compression Formats................................................................................................................ 46 4.3. 3DTV TRANSMISSION................................................................................................................................ 48 4.4. 3DTV DISPLAY ........................................................................................................................................... 48 4.4.1. 3D Displays with Aids ...................................................................................................................... 49 4.4.2. 3D Displays without Aids ................................................................................................................ 49 5 Challenges and Technical Solutions of 3D Imaging ............ 58 6 Future Research Directions ................................................... 67 7 Conclusion ................................................................................... 75 8 References ................................................................................... 76 2 Figures List of Figures Figure 1: Shows 3D TV Broadcasting Cycle........................................................................... 10 Figure 2: Shows various 3DTV display systems [Minoli, D., p.28]........................................ 12 Figure 3: Shows 3 epochs of 3DTV commercial deployment ................................................. 13 Figure 4: Shows a 30-year timeline for 3DTV services (1995-2025) ..................................... 14 Figure 5: Shows stages of 3D presentation .............................................................................. 15 Figure 6: Shows Avatar‟s sensational box office revenues across the world .......................... 20 Figure 7: Shows 3D TV penetration forecasts in Europe ........................................................ 20 Figure 8: Shows a Samsung 3DTV.......................................................................................... 22 Figure 9: Shows the LG 3DTV ................................................................................................ 24 Figure 10: Shows the Sony 3DTV ........................................................................................... 26 Figure 11: Shows the Panasonic 3DTV ................................................................................... 27 Figure 12: Shows the Sharp 3DTV .......................................................................................... 29 Figure 13: Shows the existing and announced 3D TV projects in 2010.................................. 34 Figure 14: Shows the methodology model used in this study ................................................. 39 Figure 15: Shows the diagram for automatic 2D to 3D video conversion............................... 44 Figure 16: Shows inter-view/temporal prediction structure based on H.264/MPEG4- AVC hierarchical B pictures
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