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Rowan County, 1753-1770 W&M ScholarWorks Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects 1991 Artisans in the Carolina backcountry: Rowan County, 1753-1770 Johanna Carlson Miller Lewis College of William & Mary - Arts & Sciences Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd Part of the American Studies Commons, and the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Lewis, Johanna Carlson Miller, "Artisans in the Carolina backcountry: Rowan County, 1753-1770" (1991). Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects. Paper 1539623804. https://dx.doi.org/doi:10.21220/s2-3kw4-kw88 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects at W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand corner and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. U·M·I University Microfilms International A Bell & Howell Information Company 300 North Zeeb Road. Ann Arbor. Ml48106-1346 USA 313/761-4700 8001521-0600 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Order Number 9207'15'1 Artisans in the Carolina backcountry: Rowan County, 1753-1770 Lewis, Johanna Miller, Ph.D. The College of William and Mary, 1991 Copyright @1991 by Lewis, Johanna Miller. All rights reserved. U·M·I 300 N. Zeeb Rd. Ann Arbor, MI 48106 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ARTISANS IN THE CAROLINA BACKCOUNTRY: ROWAN COUNTY, 1753-1770 A Dissertation Presented to The Faculty of the Department of History The College of William and Mary in Virginia In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Johanna Miller Lewis 1991 0 Johanna Miller Lewis, 1991 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. APPROVAL SHEET This dissertation is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Approved, April 15, 1991 Michael', Hammond Old Salem, Inc. ii Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. to Michael and in memory of my grandfathers, Joseph William Carlson and Norvell Elliott Miller, Jr. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. • • . • . • . • . • . • • • • . • • . • . v LIST OF T!'-.BLES. • • . • • . • . • • • • • . • . • • • . • vi LIST OF FIGURES • ••..••••.•..••...•••...•••...••.•.•....• vii ABSTRACT . • • . • • . • . • • . • • . • . • • . • • • • • . • • • . • . • • • . • . • . viii CHAPTER I. ARTISANS, ROWAN COUNTY, AND THE BACKCOUNTRY .. 2 CHAPTER II. ARTISANS ON THE WACHOVIA TRACT, PART I .•...• 43 CHAPTER III. ARTISANS ON THE WACHOVIA TRACT, PART II .•.• 88 CHAPTER IV. ARTISANS WORKING IN ROWAN COUNTY ••.........• 125 CHAPTER V. ARTISANS AND POLITICS IN ROWAN COUNTY •••••••• 179 CHAPTER VI. WOMEN ARTISANS IN ROWAN COUNTY .•••.••••••••• 229 CONCLUSION ••..•...••......••....••.....•........•.•••... 2 60 APPENDICES •.•••••••••••••••••••.•.•••.•.•••.•••••••..••• 2 65 BIBLIOGRAPHY .••.....•....••.....•...........••.•..•..••. 2 7 9 VITA .••••..................•....•....••..•..•.••..•..••. 294 iv Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I have always found the Acknowledgements at the front of dissertations the most revealing section of the entire work with regards to the author. Researching and writing can be a very lonely experience, but in my case I have been fortunate enough to have had the support of family and friends for the duration. For feeding me and giving me a place to stay during my innumerable trips to North Carolina I want to thank my brother and his wife, Norvell and Mary Miller, and their children Elliott and Carlson, who made leaving the archives each night a definite break in research. Helen Hagan in Raleigh made life exciting. Carl and Lee Thorne in Winston­ Salem kept me laughing, and Michael Hammond and Rebecca Hendrickson provided me with excellent food and conversation. Dr. and Mrs. Hendricks (and Chris and Lee) welcomed me as one of the family. Della carlton led me around Salisbury and was a wonderful hostess. For financial assistance with research I thank the Grants Committee of the Early American Industries Association, the Society of the Cincinnati in the State of Virginia, the Comillonwealth center for the study of American Civilization, the History Department at the College of William and Mary, and Old Salem, Incorporated. Trix Rumford and Carolyn Weekley put Colonial Williamsburg's computers and laser printers at my disposal. And, my parents, Norvell and Jo Miller, and my in-laws, Red and Marion Lewis, have made many contributions to "worthwhile" projects, such as computers, cars, and houses. For getting me on the right tract (or at least trying to) in both my graduate career and my dissertation I am indebted to my advisor, Jim Whittenburg. He is responsible for my being at William and Mary in the first place and his patience, wisdom, and faith in me over the past year especially have made me want to finish. I also want to thank Carolyn, catherine, and Elizabeth for sharing Jim with me. Michael Hammond made me live up to his expectations, again. Tom and Donna Sheppard have taken a more than academic concern in my welfare. John Selby provided valuable insight while reading drafts. And Thad Tate graciously agreed to be a reader late in the game without even seeing a prospectus. Having Gail Terry to sympathize and agonize with have made a big difference, as well. And finally, none of this would have happened without Michael. His love, support, encouragement, enthusiasm, knowledge, and willingness to live en one income have made it all worthwhile. v Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. LIST OF TABLES Table Page 1. Apprentices in Rowan County, 1753-1770 .••••••••.. 131 2. Rowan County Artisans in 1759 •••..••...••....•.•• 159 3. Rowan County Artisans in 1770 ••..••••...••...•... 175 4. Rowan county Artisans Involved in the Regulator crisis . 194 5. Rowan County Artisans who Served as Constables ... 222 6. Women Artisans in Rowan County .........•......... 235 vi Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. LIST OF MAPS Map Page 1. The United States in 1790 .......•....•....•........ 5 2. The Southern Colonies, c. 17 60. • • . • . • • • . • . • . 9 3. North Carolina Counties, 1760 .......••....•........ 15 4. Wachovia and its Environs, 1753-1772 .•....•...•.... 52 5. Wachovia's Non-Moravian Business Contacts, 1753-1755 .....•......•...................•......... 61 6. Wachovia's Non-Moravian Business Contacts, 1756-1758 ................•......................... 70 7. Wachovia's Non-Moravian Business Contacts, 1759-1771 ....•.•.........•..........•....•......... 114 8. The Bryan Settlement, 1747-1748 .................... 140 9. The Irish Settlement, 1747-1749 •........•.•.•.•...• 142 10. The Davidson's Creek Settlement, 1748-1751. ........ 144 11. The Fourth Creek Settlement, 1750-1762 ..••.•......• 145 12. Original Land Grants in the Irish and Trading Camp Settlements, 174 7-1762 ......••••..•.•...•.•.•••...• 147 13. Town Plan of Salisbury ..•.......•.................. 155 vii Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ABSTRACT Artisans played an important role in the social and economic life of Rowan County, North Carolina beginning with its creation in 1753. Whether they came individually with their families to obtain land and establish new lives, or they were chosen by the Moravian Church to settle the 100,000 acre Wachovia Tract, all of these artisans were
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