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Monoterpene and Sesquiterpene Emissions of Three Mediterranean

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Monoterpene and Sesquiterpene Emissions of Three Mediterranean Monoterpene and sesquiterpene emissions of three Mediterranean species through calcareous and siliceous soils in natural conditions Elena Ormeno, Catherine Fernandez, Anne Bousquet-Mélou, Stephane Greff, Erwan Morin, C. Robles, B. Vila, G. Bonin To cite this version: Elena Ormeno, Catherine Fernandez, Anne Bousquet-Mélou, Stephane Greff, Erwan Morin, et al.. Monoterpene and sesquiterpene emissions of three Mediterranean species through calcareous and siliceous soils in natural conditions. Atmospheric Environment, Elsevier, In press, 41 (3), pp.629- 639. 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.08.027. hal-01764592 HAL Id: hal-01764592 https://hal-amu.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01764592 Submitted on 12 Apr 2018 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Monoterpene and sesquiterpene emissions of three Mediterranean species through calcareous and siliceous soils in natural conditions E. Ormen˜oÃ, C. Fernandez, A. Bousquet-Me´lou, S. Greff, E. Morin, C. Robles, B. Vila, G. Bonin Equipe Ecologie Fonctionnelle, Institut Me´diterranéen d’Ecologie et Paléoécologie (IMEP), UMR, CNRS, 6116, Université de Provence, Centre de St Jérôme, Case 421, Av. Escadrille Normandie Niemen, 13397 Marseille, France Abstract Little is known about terpene emissions released by plants in response to abiotic factors, except for climate-related factors. Standard emissions (ES) of monoterpenes (ESM) and sesquiterpenes (ESS)of Rosmarinus officinalis, Pinus halepensis and Cistus albidus in siliceous and calcareous sites were examined. Their dependency on some nutrients in these soils was also analyzed. The study was carried out in the south of France at the end of March, when C. albidus exhibited a leaf growth state, while the other two species exhibited a pre-budbreak state. The results revealed that ES of all major monoterpenes released by R. officinalis and ES of a-pinene and a-humulene of P. halepensis were higher in plants growing in calcareous soils. In contrast, for C. albidus, ESM and ES of b-bourbonene and a-humulene were higher in siliceous soils. 2+ ESM of all species was mainly correlated with nitrogen (N) and available phosphorous (PA), while dependency on Ca or + K was variable. None of these nutrients was significantly correlated with ESS, suggesting that sesquiterpene synthesis pathway requires different nutrient supplies. While higher soil nutrient content stimulated ESM of R. officinalis and P. halepensis, it had a negative effect on ESM of C. albidus, probably because C. albidus exhibited a different phenological state. Considering the soil nature, and particularly N and PA as inputs in plant terpene inventories could hence contribute to obtain more accurate terpene estimates. Keywords: Nitrogen; Phosphorous; Terpenes; Phenological state; Soil nature 1. Introduction plants represents one of the main sources of photochemically reactive hydrocarbons in the tro- Terpenes are one of the largest and most varied posphere, since they contribute to the production of groups of plant chemicals. Their emission from different secondary pollutants such as secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) and tropospheric ozone ÃCorresponding author. Tel.: +33491288506; (O3)(Tsigaridis and Kanakidou, 2002). Terpenes fax: +33491288707. have thus been demonstrated to be important E-mail address: [email protected] (E. Ormen˜o). inputs into photochemical models currently used ARTICLE IN PRESS to simulate air quality. Different terpene types have penes are accumulated (Pinus halepensis, Llusia` and been reported to contribute in different ways to the Pen˜uelas, 2000; Rosmarinus officinalis, Moretti et tropospheric photochemical imbalance. Whereas al., 1998), but it is possible that only sesquiterpenes sesquiterpenes are rather implicated in aerosol are stored, even if monoterpenes contribute to formation, monoterpenes play a more important emissions (C. albidus, Llusia` and Pen˜uelas, 2000). role in O3 formation (Guenther, 2002). However, Because emissions may depend on stored concen- while considerable effort has been devoted to the trations (Lerdau et al., 1995), factors modifying design of models capable of predicting monoterpene these structures could also modify terpene emissions emissions, sesquiterpene emissions are not inte- potentially. grated in such models. Apart from the climate, the Mediterranean region This effort has been particularly important in the also largely features calcareous and siliceous soils Mediterranean area, since climatic conditions fa- (also commonly named alkaline and acid soils, vour biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) respectively). These soils differ in their pH, emissions and especially those of terpenes (Bertin et permeability and nutrient status (e.g. nitrogen). al., 1997). These conditions include a marked While some studies have shown that terpene seasonality, with a long summer, where the content in the essential oil from Mediterranean lowest precipitation rate and the highest annual species such as C. monspelliensis L., (Robles and irradiance coincide. This is also a highly populated Garzino, 2000), C. albidus (Robles and Garzino, area, leading to increases in anthropogenic 1998), Myrtus communis L. (Flamini et al., 2004) pollutants, such as NOx, necessary for tropospheric and R. officinalis (Moretti et al., 1998) vary O3 formation in the presence of BVOC and according to these soils, no information is available light. All these interacting phenomena are thereby on terpene emission dependency on calcareous and responsible of the high tropospheric secondary siliceous soils. The significant role of soil nutrient pollution in the Mediterranean area. Because availability, particularly, soil nitrogen, on terpene emissions of numerous Mediterranean species are emissions, has been supported by the fact that dominated by monoterpenes (Owen et al., 2001), monoterpene and sesquiterpene emissions have been many studies have focused on monoterpene emis- found to be positively correlated to nitrogen sion variation according to climate-related factors. supply (Gouinguene and Turlings, 2002). Examin- Thus, light, temperature (Staudt and Bertin, 1998), ing terpene emission dependency on soils, drought (Hansen and Seufert, 1999) and the which differ naturally in their nutrient status, phenological state according to the season (Sabillon could thereby provide a basis for assessing and Cremades, 2001) have been reported to be the importance of considering these soils as linked to monoterpene emissions. While sesquiter- an input in terpene emission inventories and penes may also characterize emissions of some models. Whereas only Gouinguene and Turlings, Mediterranean species (e.g. Cistus albidus, Llusia` (2002) have dealt with terpene emission and Pen˜uelas, 1998) the effect of environmental variability according to nitrogen supply in soil no factors on these emissions is not so well documen- attention has been paid to the effect of other soil ted. Considering the effect of these factors on nutrients, such as phosphorous, potassium or monoterpene and sesquiterpene emissions sepa- calcium. Some lines of evidence indicate never- rately could be important, not only because they theless that these nutrients could interfere in terpene do not play the same role in the troposphere, but emissions. These nutrients are currently linked to also because they are synthesized in different cell plant growth and carbon assimilation (Lambers et compartments through independent synthesis path- al., 1998). Moreover, under low contents of both, ways. Monoterpenes are synthesized through the nitrogen and phosphorous in natural soils, Barnola plastidic non-mevalonate, methylerythritol-phos- and Ceden˜o, (2000) showed an increase in leaf phate (MEP) pathway, while sesquiterpenes are terpene content. mainly synthesized through the cytosolic mevalo- Here we examined in situ whether monoterpene nate (MVA) pathway (Hampel et al., 2005). More- and sesquiterpene emissions of three typical Med- over, after being synthesized, some species posses iterranean species (i) varied between plants growing specialized structures (e.g. glands, resin ducts), in calcareous and siliceous soils (ii) were related to where terpenes are accumulated prior to be released. nitrogen (N), available phosphorous (PA), calcium In most cases, both monoterpenes and sesquiter- (Ca2+) and potassium (K+) in soil. ARTICLE IN PRESS 2. Material and methods movement of leaves. After enclosing each branch within the bag system, non-polluted air was pumped 2.1. Species, sites and sampling description into the bag. Pumping took place from the air stream inlet to the air stream outlet for 10 min at a Three Mediterranean storing species were chosen: mean flow of 120730 ml minÀ1. Then, gas samples Pinus halepensis Mill., Cistus albidus L., and were collected at a rate of 80730 ml minÀ1 for Rosmarinus officinalis L. All grew both in calcareous 12 min. A glass tube containing solid adsorbents and siliceous soils, but were mainly widespread on (Tenax TA) was placed at the air stream outlet of calcareous soils. The study was carried
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