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Methods of Migratory Bird Navigation, Difficulties Encountered During DOCUMENT RESUME ED 249 071 SE 045 076 TITLE Migratory Birds. Issue Pac. INSTITUTION Fish and Wildlife Service (Dept. of Interior), Washington, D.C. PUB DATE 84 NOTE 30p.; Poster has not been filmed due to size. For other packets in this series, see SE 045 073-078. AVAILABLE FROMNational Institute for Urban Wildlife, 10921 Trotting Ridge Way, Columbia, MD 21044 ($5.00). Packet includes poster. PUB TYPE Guides - Classroom Use Guides (For Teachers) (052) EDRS PRICE MFOI Plus Postage. PC Not Available from EDRS. DESCRIPTORS *Animals; Ecology; *Environmental Education; Intermediate Grades; Junior High Schools; *Learning Activities; *Ornithology; Outdoor Activities; Science Education; *Wildlife; Wildlife Management IDENTIFIERS *Bird Migration; Birds ABSTRACT The materials in this educational packet are designed for use with students in grades 4 through 7. They consist of an overview, teaching guides and student data sheets for three activities, and a poster. The overview discusses why, how, where, and when birds migrate as well as problems birds encounter while migrating; the importance of research and management is also addressed. A glossary and list of reference materials are included. The teaching guides contain a list of learning outcomes, instructional strategies, a list of materials needed, and an activity review sheet (with answers). The activities focus on:(1) three methods of migratory bird navigation, difficulties encountered during migration, and using a compass to follow a course; (1) mapping the migration route of a flock of Canada geese; and (3) the migration of the whopping crane (this activity is in the form of a board game). The poster is used to illustrate the migratory routes of several species and Canada geese. Two additional activities are included: making a bird by means of paper folding (origami) and matching illustrations of birds in flight to their names and resting silhouettes. (JN) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** Issue Pac Migratory U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION EDUCATIONAL RESOJRCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) Birds 1This document lin.been reproduced as received from the parson or organization originating it Minor chanu s haw, been made to improve repioduction quality Points Of view or opinions stated in this docu ment do not necessarily represent official NIE position or policy -PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS MATERIAL INMICROFICHE ONLY HAS BEEN GRANTED BY 71f TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC)" A Message Contents To Educators The Fish and Wildlife Service Leader Overview Activity 1: manages millions of acres of The Overview discusses some Migrating with the Birds . land, conducts wildlife research, of the whys, hows, wheres, andStudents will have a chance to raises fish for restocking de- whens of bird migration. "migrate" using some of the pleted waters, and performs Studies have shown that while techniques birds have hundreds of other tasks designed migration is a fascinating and developed, Students will learn: to benefit fish and wildlife re- complex occurrence, many Three methods of migratory sources. However, as important questions still remain bird navigation; as these activities are, we realize unanswered. Problems birds How to use a compass to that in the long run an informed, encounter while migrating, follow a course; and motivated, and involved public along with the importance of Some of the difficulties can do more to benefit wildlife research and management. areencountered during migration. than all of our management also addressed. Boldfaced activities. words are defined in the Activity 2: This education package rep- Glossary and reference ma- Migratory Mapping resents an important step in our terials are listed under Based on an analysis of actual efforts to provide teachers and Resources band recoveries students will other educators with factual map the migration route of a information about wildlife, Poster: Side 1 flock of Canada geese. Stu- habitat, and resource manage- "Snows" and "blues," the two dents will learn: ment. We hope that you find color forms of the snow goose, The location of Canada goose these materials usecul and that migrate from breeding grounds nesting and wintering areas; you will encourage your stu- in northern Canada to winter- The migration route of dents to learn more about ing areas on the Gulf coast. Canada geese; and America's wildlife heritage. This striking poster shows two The relationships between geese watching a flock of band recoveries and bird snows begin its migration. research. Ag, Poster: Side 2 Activity 3: Robert A. Jantzen This poster depicts the migra- The Crane Game Director tion routes of several migratoryStudents will play a board U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service bird species. Use this poster game based on the migration with Activity 2 and as a generalof whooping cranes. Students reference to the patterns and will learn: diversity of migration. The location of whooping cranes' wintering and breeding Student Page 1: grounds; and These materials are designed Origami Bird Some of the hazards that for use with students in grades Students create a bird by usingwhooping cranes face during four through seven. the ancient Japanese art of migration. paper-folding (origami). Student Page 2: Migration Identification Migratory birds are often observed in flight. Students match illustrations of birds in flight to their names and resting silhouettes. U.S. Fish and Wildlife berme Hegions t0 11;) Hawaii Regional Offices 1 Lloyd 500 Building 3 Federal Building 5 One Gateway Center 500 N.E. Multnomah Street Ft. Snelling Suite 700 Suite 1692 Twin Cities, MN 55111 Newton Corner, MA 02158 Portland, OR 97232 4 Richard B. Russell Federal 6 P.O. Box 25486 2 500 Gold Avenue, S.W. Building Denver Federal Center P.O. Box 1306 75 Spring Street, S.W. Denver, CO 80225 Albuquerque, NM 87103 Atlanta, GA 30303 7 1011 E. Tudor Road Anchorage, AK 99503 Department of the Interior U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service ellMMENIMMIi National Institute for Urban Wildlife The mission of the National Institute urban and other disturbed areas. ing and disseminating practical pro- for Urban Wildlife is to be a respon- Funded through private and corpo- cedures for maintaining, enhancing sible and effective scientific and rate contributions, grants and or controlling certain wildlife educational organization advocating contracts, it is filling some of the species in urban areas; and (3) by the enhancement of urban wildlife glaring gaps in information and building an appreciation for, and values and habitat and the wise use methodologies needed for the man understanding of, wildlife and a of all natural resources for the agement and enjoyment of wildlife positive conservation ethic at the benefit of people in cities, suburbs, and wildlife habitats in urban areas. local community and neighborhood level, and illustrating how all seg and developing areas. The Institute accomplishes its mis- ments of our people have a vested sion by (1) conducting sound re- The Institute is the only private interest in wildlife and the environ- search on the relationship between national conservation organization ment we mutually share. with programs dealing almost ex man and wildlife under urban and clusively with fish and wildlife in urbanizing conditions; (2) discover- Developed by the U.S. FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE/DEPARTMENT OF INTERIOR Produced by the NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR URBAN WILDLIFE under a grant from EXXON COMPANY, U.S.A. Printed at no exlense to the Federal Government Migratory Bird Flyways Atlantic Flyway 1%V. Central Flyway Mississippi Flyway 1111 Pacific Flyway Er 71' u/Rare d Migratory Leader Overview Birds In spring and autumn, the sky can become dark with countless birds flying between their breeding grounds and wintering grounds. This seasonal or periodic move- ment, called migration, is not unique to birds. Various wildlife species ranging in size from butterflies to whales are migratory. While most birds migrate, many. such as the car- dinal and bobwhite quail, do not The reasons for migration, the problems surrounding it, and the management of migratory birds will be explored in this Pac. Why Do Birds Migrate? 4e1"NclilibPF The reason birds migrate can be explained only partially Migrating Canada geese at this time. Several theories for migration have been iden- tions of migratory birds are as tified, and it is probably a com- How Do Birds Migrate? amazing as their flights. After a bination of fa ;tors that During migration, birds ac- journey of 3,000 miles, the Ten- stimulates birds to migrate. One complish remarkable feats. For nessee warbler has been theory suggests that changes instance, a ruby-throated hum- known to return to the same in weather which affect the mingbird can fly 500 miles in tree in which it nested the availability of food and water 25 hours, an averFge of 20 preceding year. cause birds to migrate. Water- mph; mallards can fly as high fowl obviously cannot feed in as 21,000 feet; geese attain Migratory methods are also frozen lakes and many insect- speeds of 50 mph: and greater vaned and fascinating. In addi- eating birds leave the north to shearwaters migrate 8,000 tion to the usual method of fly- winter in Central America after miles annually. The destina- ing, some seabirds migrate by feeding on the abundant Arctic swimming. mountain quail inserts al! summer. A second migrate by walking down theory links migration to mountain slopes. genetic or inherited Several senses and adapta- characteristics by suggesting tions enable birds to migrate. that migration is an instinctive For a start. most migratory rotors to ancient habitat areas. birds have very powerful flight muscles. They also have a highly developed respiratory system. hollow bones. internal air sacs, and specialized body shapes. All of these features enemies. In addition, by travel- ing at night, birds can spend the day feeding and resting. Day migrants include loons, cranes, gulls, hawks, and vultures.
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