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Investigation of Digital Terrestrial Television Receiver Architectures for DVB-T2 Standard

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Investigation of Digital Terrestrial Television Receiver Architectures for DVB-T2 Standard Warsaw University of Technology Faculty of Electronics and Information Technology Investigation of Digital Terrestrial Television Receiver Architectures for DVB-T2 Standard Ph. D. Thesis Marcin Dąbrowski Supervisor: Professor dr hab. inż. Józef Modelski Warsaw, 2013 Pobrano z http://repo.pw.edu.pl / Downloaded from Repository of Warsaw University of Technology 2021-10-11 Pobrano z http://repo.pw.edu.pl / Downloaded from Repository of Warsaw University of Technology 2021-10-11 Acknowledgment I would like to express my deepest grati- tude to Professor Józef Modelski for for- mulation of the subject of this thesis, in- spiration, encouragement, help, amend- ments, many stimulating discussions, and patience. Marcin Dabrowski ˛ 3 Pobrano z http://repo.pw.edu.pl / Downloaded from Repository of Warsaw University of Technology 2021-10-11 Pobrano z http://repo.pw.edu.pl / Downloaded from Repository of Warsaw University of Technology 2021-10-11 Contents Abbreviations 9 Designations 17 Abstract 21 1 Subject, scope, aims, and scientific thesis 23 1.1 Introduction .............................. 23 1.2 Subject, scope, and significance of the work . .......... 24 1.3 Aims and scientific thesis ...................... 25 1.4 Text structure . .......................... 25 2 Digital terrestrial television 27 2.1 DTT concept . .......................... 27 2.2 General DTT transmission scheme . .............. 29 2.3 DTT Recommendations . ...................... 31 2.3.1 Video coding . ...................... 31 2.3.2 Audio coding . ...................... 32 2.3.3 Transport layer . ...................... 33 2.3.4 Physical layer . ...................... 34 2.3.5 Unified receiver architecture . .............. 36 3 European DVB-T system 37 3.1 DVB history and future trends .................. 37 3.2 DVB-T basics . .......................... 40 3.3 Source coding and MPEG-2 multiplexing . .......... 41 3.4 DVB transmission .......................... 42 3.5 Encryption and metadata ...................... 42 3.6 DVB Multimedia Home Platform . .............. 43 4 Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing 45 4.1 Mathematical relationships . .................. 46 4.2 OFDM features . .......................... 47 4.3 OFDM receiver architecture . .................. 48 4.4 Error correction coding . ...................... 49 4.5 Adaptive OFDM modulation . .................. 49 4.6 OFDM based wide area broadcasting .............. 50 4.7 Multiple access OFDM . ...................... 50 5 Single frequency network technology 51 5.1 SFN principle . .......................... 51 5.2 Wideband digital broadcasting .................. 52 5.3 SFN gain and self-interference . .................. 55 5 Pobrano z http://repo.pw.edu.pl / Downloaded from Repository of Warsaw University of Technology 2021-10-11 CONTENTS 6 Overview and differences between DVB-T and DVB-T2 59 6.1 DVB-T2 overview .......................... 59 6.2 DVB-T and DVB-T2 technical comparison . ......... 61 6.2.1 Transport layer capabilities and DVB-T2 gateways . 61 6.2.2 Null packet deletion mechanism . .......... 63 6.2.3 Modulation .......................... 63 6.2.4 Constellation rotation . .................. 64 6.2.5 PAPR reduction . ...................... 64 6.2.6 Pilot sub-carriers ...................... 67 6.2.7 Signal bandwidth ...................... 67 6.2.8 MISO . .......................... 68 6.2.9 Time-Frequency Slicing .................. 68 6.2.10 Channel coding . ...................... 69 6.2.11 Symbol organization, framing and signaling . ..... 70 6.3 Benefits of using DVB-T2 for broadcasters and network op- erators . ............................... 70 6.3.1 Higher bandwidth ...................... 70 6.3.2 Flexibility . .......................... 71 6.3.3 Usage of available channels . .............. 71 6.4 Next steps of DVB-T2 standard implementation . ..... 71 7 Propagation models and coverage calculations 73 7.1 Definitions and assumptions . .................. 73 7.1.1 Mobile channels . ...................... 75 7.1.2 Log-normal distribution .................. 76 7.1.3 Thermal noise and its influence on the receiver . 77 7.2 Field strength summation procedures .............. 78 7.2.1 Simple power-sum method . .............. 78 7.2.2 t-LNM method . ...................... 79 7.3 ITU-R P.370 and ITU-R P.1546 models . .......... 79 7.4 Other models . .......................... 82 8 Specifications for receivers 83 8.1 Role and need of specifications .................. 83 8.2 Common guidelines of specifications . .............. 83 8.2.1 Receiver performance . .................. 83 8.2.2 Common receiver model .................. 85 8.2.3 Propagation channel assumptions . .......... 86 8.2.4 Image channel issue . .................. 86 8.3 ETSI EN 300 744 norm . ...................... 87 8.4 Chester’97 Coordination Agreement . .............. 88 8.5 Final acts off RRC’06, GE’06 coordination agreement . 89 8.6 IEC 62216 norm . .......................... 89 8.7 NorDIG specification . ...................... 92 8.8 DGTVi D-Book specification and AGCOM 216/00 Resolution 95 6 Pobrano z http://repo.pw.edu.pl / Downloaded from Repository of Warsaw University of Technology 2021-10-11 CONTENTS 8.9 PolSpec . ............................... 95 9 Receiver architectures 97 9.1 Digital TV receiver elements and interfaces . .......... 97 9.2 Tuners . ............................... 98 9.2.1 Adjacent channel signals rejection . ..........101 9.2.2 Image channel signals rejection ..............101 9.2.3 Direct conversion tuners ..................103 9.2.4 Local oscillators . ......................104 9.2.5 Surface acoustic wave filters . ..............104 9.2.6 Tuner parameters ......................105 9.3 Demodulators . ..........................106 9.3.1 Channel estimation and equalization . ..........106 9.4 Diversity, MISO, and MIMO . ..................107 9.5 SFN influence on receiver operation and FFT window posi- tioning . ...............................108 9.5.1 Symbol Timing Recovery (STR) and Symbol Timing Offset (STO) . ...................... 111 9.5.2 Impairments within receivers . ..............112 9.5.3 LDPC decoding . ......................112 9.6 CD3 algorithm . ..........................113 9.7 Diversity receivers ..........................113 9.8 Recommended DVB-T2 receiver architecture ..........114 10 Digital terrestrial television in Poland — current state and future trends 115 10.1 Beginning of DVB-T in Poland ..................115 10.2 DVB-T in progress . ......................115 10.3 DVB-T measurements . ......................116 10.4 DVB-T future trends . ......................119 11 Conclusions 121 Bibliography 125 7 Pobrano z http://repo.pw.edu.pl / Downloaded from Repository of Warsaw University of Technology 2021-10-11 Pobrano z http://repo.pw.edu.pl / Downloaded from Repository of Warsaw University of Technology 2021-10-11 Abbreviations 128-QAM 128-state Quadrature Amplitude Modulation 16-APSK 16-state Amplitude and Phase-Shift Keying 16-PSK 16-state Phase-Shift Keying 16-QAM 16-state Quadrature Amplitude Modulation 256-QAM 256-state Quadrature Amplitude Modulation 2D Two-dimensional picture quality 32-APSK 32-state Amplitude and Phase-Shift Keying 32-QAM 32-state Quadrature Amplitude Modulation 3D Three-dimensional picture quality 3DTV Three-dimensional Television 64-QAM 64-state Quadrature Amplitude Modulation 8-PSK 8-state Phase-Shift Keying 8-VSB 8-level Vestigial Sideband Modulation ABC American Broadcasting Company AC-3 Audio Codec Dolby Digital 3rd generation ACE Active Constellation Extension AD Analog to Digital (conversion) ADSL Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line AGC Automatic Gain Control AM Amplitude Modulation APSK Amplitude and Phase-Shift Keying ASI Asynchronous Serial Interface ASO Analog Switch-Off ATSC Advanced Television Standards Committee AVC Advanced Video Coding AWGN Additive White Gaussian Noise channel BBC British Broadcasting Corporation BBFRAME Baseband Frame BCH Bose-Chaudhuri cyclic error-correcting codes BER Bit Error Rate BiCMOS Bipolar Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor C Central audio channel CBC Canadian Broadcasting Corporation CCIR Comité Consultatif International des Radiocommunications or Comité Consultatif International pour la Radio CCITT Consultative Committee for International Telephony and Telegraphy 9 Pobrano z http://repo.pw.edu.pl / Downloaded from Repository of Warsaw University of Technology 2021-10-11 ABBREVIATIONS CD3 (or CDDD) Coded Decision-Directed Demodulation CDMA Code Division Multiple Access CENELEC European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization CFO Carrier Frequency Offset CFR Channel Frequency Response CIR Channel Impulse Response CM-3DTV Commercial Module for Three-dimensional Television CMOS Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor COFDM Coded Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing COST European Cooperation in Science and Technology DA Digital to Analog (conversion) DAB Digital Audio Broadcasting DCA Dynamic Channel Allocation DCII DigiCipher 2 DECT Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications DGTVi Associazione per la Televisione Digitale Terrestre Interattiva DFT Discrete Fourier Transformation DMB-T/H Digital Multimedia Broadcast – Terrestrial / Handheld DMT Discrete Multitone modulation DNP Deleted Null Packet DSFN Dynamic Single Frequency Network DSL Digital Subscriber Line DSP Digital Signal Processor DTMB Digital Terrestrial Multimedia Broadcast DTG Digital TV Group DTT (DTTV) Digital Terrestrial Television DTTB Digital Terrestrial Television Broadcasting DVB Digital Video Broadcasting DVB-BCG Digital Video Broadcasting
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