Public Opinion Survey: Residents of Niger

October 3-18, 2020 Detailed Methodology

• This survey was conducted on behalf of the International Republican Institute's Center for Insights in Survey Research. • Opinion Research Business International (ORB) oversaw data collection and quality control of survey data. Fieldwork was conducted by le Centre d’Incubation et de Promotion de l’Entrepreneurship et du Leadership (CIPEL), based in Niamey, Niger. • The nationally representative survey was conducted in-person using Computer-Assisted Personal Interviewing (CAPI) from October 3 to October 18, 2020. The achieved sample size was 1,668 survey respondents, aged 18 and older. It consists of n=1,300 nationally representative interviews, and n=368 booster interviewers in Agadez and Diffa. • The sampling frame included all accessible localities of Niger based on the 2012 Nigerien census (Recensement général de la Population et de l'Habitat). For the randomly selected localities deemed inaccessible due to insecurity, flooding or other fieldwork contingencies, an established substitution protocol was adopted to replace them while respecting allocation at the regional level. Households were selected by random walk, and within each selected household, a respondent was randomly selected. • 15 percent of the total population was inaccessible due to high levels of insecurity. • 27 percent of Agadez, 53 percent of Diffa, 6 percent of Dosso, 26 percent of Maradi, 0 percent of Niamey, 1 percent of Tahoua, 40 percent of Tillabéri, and 3 percent of Zinder were inaccessible. • The estimated maximum sampling error for the national sample is ±2.7 percent. • The response rate was 97 percent. • The sample was weighted based on regional populations, urbanity, gender, education level, and age groups so that the final sample was in accordance with the census statistics of these categories. • Charts and graphs may not add up to 100 percent due to rounding. 2 Frequently Cited Disaggregates

Disaggregate Disaggregation Category Base Agadez n=45 (unweighted n= 225) Diffa n=57 (unweighted n=204) Dosso n=331 Region Maradi n=53 Niamey n=96 Tahoua n=334 Tillabéri n=267 Zinder n=339 Male n=802 Gender Female n=866 18-35 n=894 Age Groups 36+ n=774 Employed n=186 Self-employed n=599 Occupational Status Homemaker n=633 Unemployed n=95 Student n=126 No formal education/Less than primary n=1157 Educational Attainment Primary n=397 Secondary or higher n=114

*Cited bases are weighted. Margin of error will vary with sample size n. 3 Regions and Coverage Exclusions

100%

Agadez (72%)

50% Diffa (47%) Percentage Tahoua of Population (74%) Zinder Tillabéri (97%) covered by (60%) Maradi this survey (75%)

Dosso Niamey (92%) (99%)

4 General Assessment and Outlook In general, would you say that our country is heading in the right direction or in the wrong direction?

In the right direction In the wrong direction Don't know/Refused to answer

All respondents 51% 46% 3%

Age

18-35 51% 46% 3%

36+ 51% 46% 3%

Gender

Male 51% 48% 2%

Female 51% 44% 5%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

6 In general, would you say that our country is heading in the right direction or in the wrong direction?

In the right direction In the wrong direction Don't know/Refused to answer

AGADEZ 52% 48%

DIFFA 42% 58%

DOSSO 34% 59% 7%

MARADI 49% 47% 4%

NIAMEY 45% 46% 9%

TAHOUA 74% 26%

TILLABERI 32% 63% 6%

ZINDER 58% 41% 1%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% In general, would you say that our country is heading in the right direction or in the wrong direction?

In the right direction In the wrong direction Don't know/Refused to answer

Employed 58% 41% 1%

Self-employed 53% 45% 2%

Homemaker 47% 47% 6%

Unemployed 45% 51% 4%

Student 48% 51% 1%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Speaking personally, over the past 12 months, how has your overall quality of life changed?

Improved a lot Improved somewhat Stayed the same Worsened somewhat Worsened a lot Don't know/Refused to answer

All respondents 13% 25% 20% 31% 11% 1%

Age

18-35 15% 23% 20% 31% 10% 1%

36+ 10% 27% 21% 30% 11%

Gender

Male 12% 28% 21% 27% 12% 1%

Female 13% 24% 20% 34% 10% 1%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

9 Speaking personally, over the past 12 months, how has your overall quality of life changed?

Improved a lot Improved somewhat Stayed the same Worsened somewhat Worsened a lot Don't know/Refused to answer

AGADEZ 9% 13% 29% 29% 20%

DIFFA 9% 31% 10% 45% 5%

DOSSO 13% 28% 5% 36% 18% <1%

MARADI 9% 30% 14% 39% 8%

NIAMEY 14% 17% 31% 28% 7% 3%

TAHOUA 25% 34% 17% 18% 6%

TILLABERI 3% 12% 27% 38% 19% 1%

ZINDER 12% 23% 31% 24% 10% <1%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Do you consider our country to be governed in the interest of the majority of people or in the interest of some groups?

Majority of people Some groups Don't know/Refused to answer

All respondents 31% 65% 4%

Age

18-35 33% 64% 4%

36+ 30% 66% 4%

Gender

Male 28% 70% 2%

Female 35% 60% 6%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

11 Do you consider our country to be governed in the interest of the majority of people or in the interest of some groups?

Majority of people Some groups Don't know/Refused to answer

AGADEZ 36% 62% 2%

DIFFA 37% 61% 2%

DOSSO 14% 79% 7%

MARADI 30% 66% 5%

NIAMEY 33% 62% 5%

TAHOUA 47% 52% 1%

TILLABERI 24% 67% 9%

ZINDER 32% 67% 1%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Do you think that today’s generation of young people has a good future in our country or not?

Good future Not a good future Don't know/Refused to answer

All respondents 48% 47% 6%

Age

18-35 46% 49% 5%

36+ 49% 44% 6%

Gender

Male 47% 49% 4%

Female 48% 44% 7%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

13 Do you think that today’s generation of young people has a good future in our country or not?

Good future Not a good future Don't know/Refused to answer

AGADEZ 31% 67% 2%

DIFFA 35% 65%

DOSSO 37% 54% 9%

MARADI 39% 55% 5%

NIAMEY 32% 60% 7%

TAHOUA 77% 21% 2%

TILLABERI 35% 53% 13%

ZINDER 52% 45% 3%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% What is the most important problem facing our country today? (Spontaneous response)

Poverty 19%

Economy—cost of living, high prices 11%

Agriculture 10%

Insecurity 9%

Economy—unemployment 9%

Lack of food / Starvation 8%

Education 5%

Water 4%

Healthcare 3% Environment / Natural disasters such as flooding, poor 3% harvest, drought, etc.

Bad Governance / Injustice 3%

Malnutrition 3%

Other 9%

No (other) problem 2%

Don't know/Refused to answer 2%

0% 5% 10% 15% 20% Mentions of 1% or less combined into Other What is the most important problem facing our country today? Male Female

15% Poverty 23%

14% Insecurity 5%

11% Economy—unemployment 6%

9% Lack of food / Starvation 8%

8% Economy—cost of living, high prices 13%

6% Bad Governance / Injustice 1%

5% Education 6%

3% Water 5%

1% No (other) problem 2%

19% Other 18%

2% Don't know/Refused to answer 2%

0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25%

Mentions of less than 3% combined into Other What is the most important problem facing our country today? 18-35 36+

19% Poverty 19%

12% Agriculture 7% 11% Economy—unemployment 6% 9% Lack of food / Starvation 7%

8% Economy—cost of living, high prices 14% 7% Education 4% 5% Water 3% 4% Insecurity 14% 3% Bad Governance / Injustice 4% 3% No (other) problem <1% 16% Other 21% 3% Don't know/Refused to answer 1%

0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25%

Mentions of less than 3% combined into Other How would you describe the current economic situation of your household?

Very good Somewhat good Somewhat bad Very bad Don't know/Refused

All respondents 9% 39% 34% 18% <1%

Age

18-35 9% 41% 33% 17% <1%

36+ 10% 36% 35% 19%

Gender

Male 9% 43% 32% 17%

Female 10% 35% 36% 19% 1%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

18 How would you describe the current economic situation of your household?

Very good Somewhat good Somewhat bad Very bad Don't know/Refused to answer

AGADEZ 11% 38% 40% 11%

DIFFA 7% 51% 37% 5%

DOSSO 11% 25% 28% 36% 1%

MARADI 4% 42% 43% 11%

NIAMEY 18% 45% 20% 18%

TAHOUA 21% 47% 22% 10%

TILLABERI 1% 15% 54% 29% 1%

ZINDER 7% 50% 28% 15%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% How would you describe the current economic situation of your household?

Very good Somewhat good Somewhat bad Very bad Don't know/Refused to answer

Employed 18% 50% 26% 7%

Self-employed 7% 40% 34% 19%

Homemaker 8% 31% 39% 21%

Unemployed 6% 49% 28% 15% 2%

Student 15% 43% 27% 15%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% How would you the describe the current status of each of the following items in our region?

Very good Somewhat good Somewhat bad Very bad Don't know/Refused to answer

Security from conflict between different 50% 23% 11% 9% 7% communities

Security from extremist violence 48% 26% 12% 9% 5%

Child protection 40% 22% 17% 14% 7%

Media freedom 29% 24% 14% 11% 21%

Gender equality 25% 24% 21% 21% 11%

Democracy 24% 25% 20% 17% 13%

Economy 19% 27% 26% 22% 6%

Food Security 15% 27% 24% 30% 4%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

21 Security from extremist violence

Very good Somewhat good Somewhat bad Very bad Don't know/Refused to answer

AGADEZ 4% 62% 18% 11% 4%

DIFFA 4% 50% 32% 14%

DOSSO 33% 32% 18% 12% 5%

MARADI 60% 26% 7% 5% 1%

NIAMEY 22% 34% 23% 17% 4%

TAHOUA 64% 23% 9% 4% 1%

TILLABERI 29% 18% 14% 20% 19%

ZINDER 66% 18% 7% 6% 3%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Food security

Very good Somewhat good Somewhat bad Very bad Don't know/Refused to answer

AGADEZ 7% 33% 29% 29% 2%

DIFFA 2% 44% 37% 18%

DOSSO 19% 28% 21% 29% 5%

MARADI 8% 27% 39% 26% <1%

NIAMEY 16% 30% 24% 24% 6%

TAHOUA 32% 32% 22% 14%

TILLABERI 6% 22% 21% 34% 18%

ZINDER 13% 21% 14% 52%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Child protection

Very good Somewhat good Somewhat bad Very bad Don't know/Refused to answer

AGADEZ 11% 30% 25% 34%

DIFFA 18% 53% 25% 5%

DOSSO 31% 25% 25% 17% 3%

MARADI 55% 23% 15% 5% 2%

NIAMEY 22% 41% 23% 13% 1%

TAHOUA 62% 13% 14% 10% <1%

TILLABERI 9% 15% 12% 30% 34%

ZINDER 48% 20% 16% 12% 6%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Security from conflict between different communities

Very good Somewhat good Somewhat bad Very bad Don't know/Refused to answer

AGADEZ 9% 64% 20% 4% 2%

DIFFA 5% 54% 32% 9%

DOSSO 28% 28% 24% 17% 5%

MARADI 65% 22% 7% 4% 3%

NIAMEY 21% 41% 17% 9% 12%

TAHOUA 72% 15% 8% 5% 1%

TILLABERI 25% 19% 8% 20% 29%

ZINDER 69% 18% 7% 6% 1%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Democracy

Very good Somewhat good Somewhat bad Very bad Don't know/Refused to answer

AGADEZ 9% 53% 22% 11% 4%

DIFFA 5% 58% 26% 9% 2%

DOSSO 24% 28% 23% 19% 8%

MARADI 14% 31% 29% 13% 14%

NIAMEY 9% 19% 39% 23% 10%

TAHOUA 55% 22% 17% 4% 2%

TILLABERI 8% 11% 7% 40% 35%

ZINDER 27% 24% 18% 17% 14%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Economy

Very good Somewhat good Somewhat bad Very bad Don't know/Refused to answer

AGADEZ 7% 40% 31% 18% 4%

DIFFA 7% 41% 34% 18%

DOSSO 16% 18% 34% 25% 8%

MARADI 8% 36% 38% 16% 2%

NIAMEY 10% 25% 26% 25% 14%

TAHOUA 44% 32% 17% 4% 2%

TILLABERI 5% 11% 24% 41% 19%

ZINDER 25% 28% 15% 29% 3%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Media freedom

Very good Somewhat good Somewhat bad Very bad Don't know/Refused to answer

AGADEZ 9% 32% 21% 9% 30%

DIFFA 4% 41% 34% 14% 7%

DOSSO 17% 21% 25% 17% 21%

MARADI 29% 25% 14% 9% 23%

NIAMEY 14% 28% 33% 9% 16%

TAHOUA 59% 25% 11% 3% 2%

TILLABERI 7% 15% 8% 23% 47%

ZINDER 37% 27% 7% 10% 20%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Gender Equality

Very good Somewhat good Somewhat bad Very bad Don't know/Refused to answer

AGADEZ 7% 50% 25% 16% 2%

DIFFA 9% 57% 27% 7%

DOSSO 29% 22% 24% 15% 12%

MARADI 38% 31% 23% 6% 2%

NIAMEY 13% 18% 27% 30% 12%

TAHOUA 25% 22% 30% 22% 2%

TILLABERI 8% 9% 5% 32% 46%

ZINDER 32% 22% 16% 28% 2%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% How likely or unlikely are ordinary people able to influence decisions made in our country?

Very likely Somewhat likely Somewhat unlikely Very unlikely Don't know/Refused to answer

All respondents 36% 24% 13% 23% 3%

Age

18-35 32% 27% 14% 25% 3%

36+ 40% 21% 13% 21% 4%

Gender

Male 36% 22% 14% 26% 2%

Female 36% 27% 13% 21% 4%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

30 How likely or unlikely are ordinary people able to influence decisions made in our country?

Very likely Somewhat likely Somewhat unlikely Very unlikely Don't know/Refused to answer

AGADEZ 24% 22% 36% 16% 2%

DIFFA 9% 54% 29% 7% 2%

DOSSO 27% 21% 18% 29% 6%

MARADI 13% 32% 31% 21% 4%

NIAMEY 23% 30% 13% 28% 6%

TAHOUA 73% 26% 1% <1%

TILLABERI 15% 15% 8% 54% 8%

ZINDER 52% 19% 5% 23% 1%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Ratings of Parties, Government, Personalities and Institutions Do you agree or disagree that political parties are doing enough to address the needs of people like you?

Strongly agree Somewhat agree Somewhat disagree Strongly disagree Don't know/Refused to answer

All respondents 20% 24% 20% 33% 3%

Age

18-35 15% 29% 21% 32% 3%

36+ 26% 19% 19% 33% 2%

Gender

Male 17% 25% 22% 36% 1%

Female 24% 24% 19% 30% 4%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

33 Do you agree or disagree that political parties are doing enough to address the needs of people like you?

Strongly agree Somewhat agree Somewhat disagree Strongly disagree Don't know/Refused to answer

AGADEZ 11% 14% 25% 50%

DIFFA 2% 35% 47% 16%

DOSSO 13% 25% 13% 45% 6%

MARADI 17% 18% 28% 35% 2%

NIAMEY 14% 23% 30% 29% 3%

TAHOUA 55% 20% 14% 11% <1%

TILLABERI 2% 22% 21% 48% 7%

ZINDER 14% 37% 14% 35% <1%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% To what extent do you trust or distrust each of the following institutions?

Trust a great deal Somewhat trust Somewhat distrust Distrust a great deal Don't know/Refused to answer

Religious institutions 79% 12% 3%3%4%

Army 78% 12% 4%4%3%

Traditional chieftaincies 72% 15% 5% 6% 2%

Police 63% 15% 6% 9% 7%

National Independent Electoral Commission (CENI) 57% 16% 7% 9% 10%

Media 55% 21% 8% 6% 10%

Courts 52% 19% 9% 10% 10%

President's Office 50% 17% 8% 10% 15%

National Assembly 48% 18% 8% 13% 14%

Self-defense groups 47% 16% 6% 11% 19%

Prime Minister's Office 47% 19% 7% 10% 18%

Political parties 41% 24% 15% 13% 7%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

35 What is your opinion of each of the following ministries?

Very positive Somewhat positive Somewhat negative Very negative Don't know/Refused to answer

Defense 65% 16% 6% 6% 7%

Health 55% 20% 12% 11% 2%

Justice 47% 19% 9% 9% 15%

National Education 47% 22% 16% 11% 4%

Interior 43% 20% 10% 9% 18%

Agricultural Development 40% 17% 15% 23% 6%

Foreign Affairs 39% 18% 11% 11% 21%

Economy and Finance 36% 21% 15% 15% 12%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

36 For the following issues, is the regional government doing a very good, somewhat good, somewhat bad, or very bad job?

Very good Somewhat good Somewhat bad Very bad Don't know/Refused to answer

Fighting terrorism 62% 17% 6% 10% 5%

Handling of COVID-19 or Coronavirus 56% 18% 8% 11% 6%

Fighting crime 53% 21% 11% 11% 4%

Providing education 38% 26% 16% 19% 2%

Providing healthcare 38% 26% 19% 16% 2%

Providing access to water 36% 19% 17% 27% 1%

Fighting corruption 30% 22% 16% 23% 9%

Maintaining infrastructure like roads and public 24% 24% 18% 30% 4% buildings

Providing access to electricity 23% 19% 16% 38% 4%

Improving food security 19% 22% 22% 35% 2%

Creating jobs 15% 19% 25% 39% 3%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

37 In general, is the national government doing a lot, enough, little, or nothing to address the needs of people like you?

A lot Enough Little Nothing Don't know/Refused to answer

All respondents 17% 31% 23% 27% 3%

Age

18-35 16% 30% 26% 25% 3%

36+ 18% 31% 18% 29% 3%

Gender

Male 16% 29% 24% 30% 2%

Female 18% 32% 22% 24% 5%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

38 In general, is the national government doing a lot, enough, little, or nothing to address the needs of people like you?

A lot Enough Little Nothing Don't know/Refused to answer

AGADEZ 9% 9% 27% 53% 2%

DIFFA 7% 40% 42% 11%

DOSSO 21% 20% 15% 35% 10%

MARADI 5% 34% 26% 33% 2%

NIAMEY 19% 32% 22% 26% 1%

TAHOUA 31% 29% 17% 22% 1%

TILLABERI 8% 19% 32% 36% 6%

ZINDER 22% 45% 19% 12% 2%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% In general, is the national government doing a lot, enough, little, or nothing to address the needs of people like you?

A lot Enough Little Nothing Don't know/Refused to answer

Employed 22% 42% 19% 16% 1%

Self-employed 17% 32% 24% 25% 2%

Homemaker 19% 28% 20% 28% 5%

Unemployed 10% 21% 21% 43% 5%

Student 4% 26% 40% 29% 1%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Inclusion and Civic Engagement How important or unimportant is it that all members of our country’s adult population are included in political decision-making? How important is it that … are included?

Very important Somewhat important Somewhat unimportant Very unimportant Don't know/Refused to answer

Young adults 81% 9% 2% 5% 3%

Women 77% 11% 4% 6% 2%

People with disabilities 61% 14% 7% 13% 5%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

42 I will read you a list of several attributes a candidate running for office may have. For each attribute, please tell me if it would make you more likely or less likely to vote for the candidate, or if it would not matter.

More Less Not matter Don't know/Refused to answer

Candidate is female 54% 19% 26% 1%

Candidate is 35 years old or younger 53% 22% 23% 2%

Candidate has a different ethnic background 49% 20% 29% 2%

Candidate is from the party in power 44% 26% 27% 3%

Candidate has never held office before 39% 30% 29% 3%

Candidate is from an opposition party 38% 27% 32% 3%

Candidate has a different religion 29% 29% 41% 1%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

43 How likely, if at all, are you to run for political office by the age of 35? (All respondents aged 35 and under, n=893)

Very likely Somewhat likely Somewhat unlikely Very unlikely Don't know/Refused to answer

All respondents 39% 20% 9% 30% 2%

Gender

Male (n=391) 39% 18% 9% 33% 1%

Female (n=502) 38% 22% 9% 28% 2%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Reforms Which of these statements is closest to your point of view?

Our society needs serious reforms (structural and systematic change) Our society needs gradual reforms which preserve the existing system Our society has to be protected from the forces that want to change the current order Don't know/Refused to answer

All respondents 48% 35% 15% 2%

Age

18-35 44% 38% 17% 2%

36+ 52% 32% 13% 3%

Gender

Male 49% 33% 17% 1%

Female 47% 36% 14% 3%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

46 Values and Ideology Do you believe that democracy is the best possible form of government for our country or not?

Yes, it is the best possible form of government for our country No, there are other forms of government that could be equally good for our country No, there are other forms of government that are better than democracy Don't know/Refused to answer

All respondents 75% 12% 3% 11%

Age

18-35 74% 11% 3% 12%

36+ 76% 12% 3% 9%

Gender

Male 79% 13% 5% 2%

Female 71% 10% 2% 17%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

48 Thinking about our country’s current political system, do you believe it is a…?

Full democracy Nearly full democracy Flawed democracy Not a democracy at all Don't know/Refused to answer

All respondents 35% 30% 16% 8% 12%

Age

18-35 31% 33% 15% 8% 3%

36+ 40% 26% 17% 7% 9%

Gender

Male 36% 28% 21% 9% 6%

Female 34% 31% 12% 6% 17%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

49 Thinking about our country’s current political system, do you believe it is a:

Full democracy Nearly full democracy Flawed democracy Not a democracy at all Don't know/Refused to answer

No formal education/Less than primary 36% 31% 14% 6% 14%

Primary 37% 27% 20% 11% 6%

Secondary or higher 19% 31% 25% 16% 9%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Which of the following statements best matches your own opinion of the role that religion should play in government and lawmaking?

Religious texts should form the foundations of all policy and lawmaking The principles of religious teaching should be one consideration but not the only one Religious views should not provide a source of justification for a policy or law Religion should be completely absent from government decision-making Don't know/Refused to answer

All respondents 51% 35% 7% 6% 2%

Age

18-35 54% 33% 6% 6% 1%

36+ 48% 36% 8% 6% 2%

Gender

Male 45% 39% 8% 7% 1%

Female 56% 30% 6% 6% 2%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 51 Corruption To what extent, if any, has corruption had a negative impact on you?

It has had a lot of negative impact It has had some negative impact It has had little negative impact It has not had any negative impact It has never happened to me Don't know/Refused to answer

All respondents 49% 12% 5% 28% 5% 2%

Age

18-35 51% 8% 5% 30% 5% 2%

36+ 47% 17% 5% 25% 5% 2%

Gender

Male 52% 13% 5% 26% 4% 1%

Female 46% 11% 5% 29% 6% 2%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

53 Please tell me how corrupt or not corrupt the government in each of the following countries is.

Very corrupt Somewhat corrupt Somewhat not corrupt Not corrupt at all Don't know/Refused to answer

Niger 45% 29% 8% 7% 11%

Mali 17% 10% 4% 9% 61%

Nigeria 47% 9% 2% 5% 36%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

54 Niger

Very corrupt Somewhat corrupt Somewhat not corrupt Not corrupt at all Don't know/Refused to answer

Age

18-35 44% 30% 8% 8% 3%

36+ 46% 28% 8% 7% 11%

Gender

Male 50% 29% 7% 6% 8%

Female 40% 29% 9% 8% 14%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

55 Please tell me if there is a lot, some, little, or no corruption among each of the following providers of government services.

A lot Some Little No Don't know/Refused to answer

Customs and border guard service 54% 13% 5% 11% 17%

Police, including traffic police 43% 15% 7% 18% 17%

Courts 36% 15% 9% 21% 19%

Governmental record-keeping and licensing offices 26% 13% 9% 21% 31%

Public education establishments 26% 22% 12% 30% 11%

Public medical establishments 21% 22% 11% 37% 10%

Military 17% 14% 10% 40% 19%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

56 At which level of government is corruption most prevalent?

All levels of government 39%

National authorities 19%

Local authorities 8%

Traditional authorities 6%

Regional authorities <1%

Religious authorities <1%

There is no corruption 7%

Other 1%

Don't know/Refused to answer 14%

0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45% Sources of Information How interested or uninterested are you in political news and information?

Very interested Somewhat interested Somewhat uninterested Very uninterested Don't know/Refused to answer

All respondents 49% 21% 8% 19% 2%

Age

18-35 44% 30% 8% 8% 3%

36+ 46% 28% 8% 7% 11%

Gender

Male 55% 21% 7% 16% 1%

Female 44% 21% 9% 23% 2%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

59 Which media platform do you use most frequently to gain political news and information?

Radio 61%

Friends / Family / Word of mouth 8%

Television 8%

Social media 4%

Politicians / Meetings 3%

Internet (other than social media) 3%

Print media <1%

None or no other 12%

Don't know/Refused to answer 1%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% How often, if ever, do you use the internet or social media?

Daily or almost daily Several times a week Weekly Monthly Less often Never Don't know/Refused to answer

All respondents 14% 5% 4% 2% 3% 56% 2%

Education No formal education/Less 11% 4% 3%1% 16% 63% 2% than primary

Primary 16% 8% 6% 3% 22% 44% 15%

Secondary and 41% 7% 4% 3% 28% 18% higher

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

61 How frequently do you encounter information in the media, including social media, that you believe is misleading or false?

Daily or almost daily 9%

Several times a week 7%

Weekly 5%

Monthly 4%

Less often 49%

Never 24%

Don't know/Refused to answer 3%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% For each of the following groups, please tell me how trustworthy or untrustworthy they are as a source of information?

Very trustworthy Somewhat trustworthy Somewhat untrustworthy Very untrustworthy Don't know/Refused to answer

Religious figures 78% 16% 3%2%1%

Government officials 53% 27% 11% 8% 3%

Media outlets 52% 32% 7% 5% 5%

Friends and family 39% 26% 11% 23% 1%

Social media 28% 24% 16% 17% 15%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

63 Migration Do any members of your household currently live or work abroad?

Yes No Don't Know/Refused to answer

All respondents 44% 55% 1%

AGADEZ 33% 67%

DIFFA 50% 50%

DOSSO 33% 66% 2%

MARADI 36% 64% <1%

NIAMEY 32% 68%

TAHOUA 68% 32%

TILLABERI 49% 48% 3%

ZINDER 35% 65%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% How has their experience been so far? (Among respondents who said that they have members of their households currently living or working abroad, n=731)

Very positive 47%

Somewhat positive 36%

Somewhat negative 11%

Very negative 2%

Don't know/Refused to answer 4%

0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45% 50% When you or they returned to Niger, how would you rate the services you received from the government to help you resettle in Niger? (Among respondents who declared having been abroad and returned to Niger or having members of their household who have lived or worked abroad and returned, n=468)

Very helpful 13%

Somewhat helpful 12%

Somewhat not helpful 9%

Not at all helpful 8%

No services provided 56%

Don't know/Refused to 2% answer

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% Violent Extremism Thinking about how you are treated in interactions with government authorities, which of the following statements about comes closest to your opinion? I always or almost always receive fair treatment I generally receive fair treatment, but there are exceptions I generally receive unfair treatment I always or almost always receive unfair treatment Don't know/Refused to answer

All respondents 42% 24% 15% 6% 13%

Ethnicity

Hausa (n=777) 37% 26% 17% 7% 3%

Zarma/Songhai 42% 19% 22% 4% 13% (n=336)

Tuareg (n=313) 55% 28% 7% 4% 8%

Fulani (n=142) 48% 20% 14% 4% 14%

Kanuri (n=96) 39% 24% 10% 10% 17%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

69 Thinking about how you are treated in interactions with security personnel like the police, which of the following statements about comes closest to your opinion? I always or almost always receive fair treatment I generally receive fair treatment, but there are exceptions I generally receive unfair treatment I always or almost always receive unfair treatment Don't know/Refused to answer

All respondents 43% 22% 14% 7% 15%

Ethnicity

Hausa (n=777) 39% 24% 14% 8% 3%

Zarma/Songhai 43% 16% 18% 7% 16% (n=336)

Tuareg (n=313) 54% 24% 9% 3% 9%

Fulani (n=142) 43% 24% 14% 5% 15%

Kanuri (n=96) 30% 22% 7% 14% 27%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

70 Thinking about how you are treated in interactions with security personnel like the police, which of the following statements about comes closest to your opinion?

I always or almost always receive fair treatment I generally receive fair treatment, but there are exceptions I generally receive unfair treatment I always or almost always receive unfair treatment Don't know/Refused to answer

AGADEZ 22% 51% 16% 9% 2%

DIFFA 39% 25% 14% 16% 7%

DOSSO 33% 16% 20% 15% 18%

MARADI 33% 19% 21% 6% 21%

NIAMEY 30% 28% 22% 5% 15%

TAHOUA 64% 30% 5%<1%<1%

TILLABERI 55% 16% 17% 3% 9%

ZINDER 32% 21% 8% 12% 27%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% To what extent is violent extremism a problem in our region?

Big problem Somewhat of a problem Small problem Not a problem at all Don't know/Refused to answer

All respondents 80% 4% 5% 10% 1%

Age

18-35 79% 5% 4% 12% 3%

36+ 81% 4% 7% 8% 1%

Gender

Male 82% 4% 6% 9% <1%

Female 78% 5% 5% 11% 2%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

72 To what extent is violent extremism a problem in our region?

Big problem Somewhat of a problem Small problem Not a problem at all Don't know/Refused to answer

AGADEZ 91% 4% 4%

DIFFA 75% 14% 9% 2%

DOSSO 57% 11% 11% 19% 2%

MARADI 57% 2% 11% 30% <1%

NIAMEY 64% 14% 2% 17% 3%

TAHOUA 95% 2%3%<1%

TILLABERI 90% 2% 4% 2%2%

ZINDER 96% 3%<1%<1%1%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Some people think using physical violence can be justified in order to further a political, social or religious cause. Other people believe that, no matter what the reason, physical violence can never be justified. Do you personally feel that this kind of violence can often be justified, sometimes be justified, rarely be justified, or never be justified? Often be justified Sometimes be justified Rarely be justified Never be justified Don't know/Refused to answer

All respondents 3% 4% 14% 78% 2%

AGADEZ 31% 16% 20% 33%

DIFFA 2% 9% 19% 71%

DOSSO 3% 7% 88% 4%

MARADI 6% 5% 17% 68% 4%

NIAMEY 3% 9% 8% 79%

TAHOUA <1% 12% 87%

TILLABERI <1%4% 8% 82% 5%

ZINDER 1% 5% 21% 73%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Now I would like to discuss under what circumstances you think it is justified to use physical violence. For each of the examples below, would you say that it is definitely justified, somewhat justified, or not justified at all? Definitely justified Somewhat justified Not justified Don't know/Refused to answer

For one’s religious beliefs 14% 9% 76% 1%

For one’s essential livelihood 13% 13% 74% 1%

For one’s ethnic group/nationality 7% 11% 81% 1%

For retribution against a harm that I suffered 6% 13% 80% 1%

For retribution against harm suffered by a member 5% 13% 81% 1% of my community

For one’s political beliefs 3% 6% 90% 1%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

75 Which of these two views is closest to your own?

Our citizens should participate in conflicts in other countries that share our religion Our citizens should stay out of the affairs of other countries that share our religion Don't know/Refused to answer

All respondents 44% 55% 1%

Age

18-35 46% 53% 1%

36+ 42% 57% 1%

Gender

Male 44% 56% 1%

Female 45% 54% 2%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 76 Demographics Demographics

90% 84%

80%

70%

60% 54% 52% 48% 50% 46%

40%

30% 20% 20% 20% 20% 16% 16% 12% 10% 6% 3% 3% 0% 36+ Men Rural 18-35 Urban DIFFA DOSSO Women ZINDER NIAMEY MARADI AGADEZ TAHOUA TILLABERI Gender Age Urbanicity Region

78 Demographics

70% 65%

60% 54% 50% 47%

40%

30% 22% 23% 20% 19% 20% 12% 9% 8% 10% 6% 7% 5% 3% <1% <1% <1% <1% <1% <1% <1% 0% Other Other Other Hausa Hausa Fulani Kanuri Kanuri French Tuareg Fulfulde Christian Tamasheq Shi'a Muslim Zarma/Sonrhaï Ahmadi Muslim Ahmadi Zarma/Songhai Malikite or Sunni Malikite or Tijaniyyah Muslim Muslim (unspecified) Muslim Don't know/Refused to answer know/Refused to Don't What is your ethnic background? What language do you speak most at What is your religion? home?

79 Demographics

80% 70% 70% 60% 53% 50% 38% 40% 36% 30% 24% 19% 20% 17% 17% 11% 11% 8% 10% 6% 1% 1% 2% <1% 0% Primary Student Employed Homemaker Unemployed Other/Retired Self-employed off off primary Secondary or higher or Secondary Don't know/Refused to answer to Don't know/Refused answer to Don't know/Refused My household is about average My household No formal education/Less than formal education/Less No My household is much worse off worse is much My household My household is much better off better is much My household My household is somewhat worse is somewhat My household My household is somewhat better is somewhat My household Educational Household Financial Status Employment Status Attainment

80 Center for Insights in Survey Research 202.408.9450 | [email protected] www.IRI.org | @IRI_Polls