Insecurity, Terrorism, and Arms Trafficking in Niger
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32 Mohamadou Tchinta
1 LASDEL Laboratoire d’études et recherches sur les dynamiques sociales et le développement local _________ BP 12901, Niamey, Niger – tél. (227) 72 37 80 BP 1383, Parakou, Bénin – tél. (229) 61 16 58 Observatoire de la décentralisation au Niger (enquête de référence 2004) Les pouvoirs locaux dans la commune de Tchintabaraden Abdoulaye Mohamadou Enquêteurs : Afélane Alfarouk et Ahmoudou Rhissa février 05 Etudes et Travaux n° 32 Financement FICOD (KfW) 2 Sommaire Introduction 3 Les Kel Dinnig : de la confédération aux communes 3 Objectifs de l’étude et méthodologie 4 1. Le pouvoir local et ses acteurs 6 1.1. Histoire administrative de l’arrondissement et naissance d’un centre urbain 6 1.2. Les acteurs de l’arène politique locale 7 2. Le découpage de l’arrondissement de Tchintabaraden 19 2.1. Logiques territoriale et logiques sociales 19 2.2. Le choix des bureaux de vote 22 2.3. Les stratégies des partis politiques pour le choix des conseillers 23 2.4. La décentralisation vue par les acteurs 23 3. L’organisation actuelle des finances locales 25 3.1. Les projets de développement 25 3. 2. Le budget de l’arrondissement 26 Conclusion 33 3 Introduction Les Kel Dinnig : de la confédération aux communes L’arrondisssement de Tchintabaraden correspondait avant la création de celui d’Abalak en 1992 à l’espace géographique et social des Touareg Iwillimenden ou Kel Dinnig. Après la révolte de Kaocen en 1916-1917 et son anéantissement par les troupes coloniales françaises, l’aménokalat des Iwilimenden fut disloqué et réparti en plusieurs groupements. Cette technique de diviser pour mieux régner, largement utilisée par l’administration coloniale, constitue le point de départ du découpage administratif pour les populations de cette région. -
NIGER - DIFFA : Les Incidents Liés Au Groupe Boko Haram* (1 Janvier Au 31 Août 2018)
NIGER - DIFFA : Les incidents liés au groupe Boko Haram* (1 janvier au 31 août 2018) De janvier à août 2018, la situation sécuritaire dans la région de Diffa a été marquée par une augmentation des exactions des éléments du groupe armé non étatique Boko Haram (BH) et une baisse des victimes civiles liées à ces incidents comparativement à la même période l’année dernière (2017). Les mois de janvier et août 2018 ont enregistré le plus d’incidents (47/94 soit 50%). Les communes de Gueskerou, Bosso, Maine Soroa et Chetimari sont les plus touchées par les attaques du groupe BH (73/94 incidents soit 78%). Des attaques terroristes majeures ont été rapportées dans les localités bordant les berges de la Komadougou et les localités proches des îles du Lac Tchad. Le 4 juin, 3 kamikazes ont fait exploser leurs charges dans un quartier de la ville de Diffa tuant 6 civils. Trois (3) bases militaires ont été attaquées par les éléments du groupe BH respectivement les 17 janvier, 23 janvier et 1 juillet dans les localités de Toumour, Chétima Wangou (Chetimari) et Bilabrin (N’Guigmi) faisant des victimes dans les deux camps. Ces incidents et d’autres de nature criminelle (enlèvements, extorsions et menaces) sont à l’origine de mouvements de populations entre les différents sites et/ou villages. Bilan des incidents Les incidents par commune en 2018 Les incidents par mois 94 incidents de janv. à août 2018 Pertes en vies 38 humaines 60 incidents de janv. à août 2017 (janv. à août 2018) 30 24 23 Pertes en vies 25 56 humaines 20 15 15 (2017) 10 0 5 0 1-5 Enlèvements Ngourti Jui Jul Avr Oct Déc. -
Migrations De Transit Dans La Région D'agadez (Sahara Nigérien)
UNIVERSITÉ PARIS 1 PANTHÉON-SORBONNE École doctorale de géographie de Paris U.F.R. de Géographie 2007 UN DÉSERT COSMOPOLITE. MIGRATIONS DE TRANSIT DANS LA RÉGION D’AGADEZ (SAHARA NIGÉRIEN) Thèse pour l’obtention du doctorat en géographie Présentée et soutenue publiquement le 19 décembre 2007 Julien BRACHET Sous la direction de Emmanuel GRÉGOIRE Membres du jury : - Jean-Louis CHALÉARD, Professeur à l’Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (président). - Brigitte BERTONCELLO, Professeur à l’Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille I (rapporteuse). - André BOURGEOT, Anthropologue, Directeur de recherche émérite au CNRS (rapporteur). - Jérôme LOMBARD, Chargé de recherche à l’IRD (examinateur). - Olivier PLIEZ, Chargé de recherche au CNRS (examinateur). - Emmanuel GRÉGOIRE, Directeur de Recherche à l’IRD (directeur). 2 SOMMAIRE SOMMAIRE ................................................................................................................................. 3 REMERCIEMENTS....................................................................................................................... 7 INTRODUCTION GÉNÉRALE............................................................................................. 9 PREMIÈRE PARTIE DES CIRCULATIONS ANCIENNES AUX NOUVELLES LOGIQUES MIGRATOIRES : SAISIR LA TRAME DE LA MOBILITÉ INTERNATIONALE AU SAHARA CENTRAL ............................................................................................................ 33 CHAPITRE I. DES MIGRATIONS SAHÉLO-SAHARIENNES DES INDÉPENDANCES AUX MIGRATIONS TRANSSAHARIENNES -
Algeria–Mali Trade: the Normality of Informality
101137 DEMOCRACY Public Disclosure Authorized AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ERF 21st ANNUAL CONFERENCE March 20-22, 2015 | Gammarth, Tunisia 2015 Public Disclosure Authorized Algeria–Mali Trade: The Normality of Informality Sami Bensassi, Anne Brockmeyer, Public Disclosure Authorized Matthieu Pellerin and Gael Raballand Public Disclosure Authorized Algeria–Mali Trade: The Normality of Informality Sami Bensassi Anne Brockmeyer Mathieu Pellerin Gaël Raballand1 Abstract This paper estimates the volume of informal trade between Algeria and Mali and analyzes its determinants and mechanisms, using a multi-pronged methodology. First, we discuss how subsidy policies and the legal framework create incentives for informal trade across the Sahara. Second, we provide evidence of the importance of informal trade, drawing on satellite images and surveys with informal traders in Mali and Algeria. We estimate that the weekly turnover of informal trade fell from approximately US$ 2 million in 2011 to US$ 0.74 million in 2014, but continues to play a crucial role in the economies of northern Mali and southern Algeria. Profit margins of 20-30% on informal trade contribute to explaining the relative prosperity of northern Mali. We also show that official trade statistics are meaningless in this context, as they capture less than 3% of total trade. Finally, we provide qualitative evidence on informal trade actors and mechanisms for the most frequently traded products. JEL classification codes: F14, H26, J46. Keywords: informal trade, Algeria, Mali, fuel, customs. 1 The authors would like to thank Mehdi Benyagoub for his help on this study, Laurent Layrol for his work on satellite images, Nancy Benjamin and Olivier Walther for their comments and Sabra Ledent for editing. -
Emergency Plan of Action (Epoa) Niger: Complex Emergency
Page | 1 Emergency Plan of Action (EPoA) Niger: Complex Emergency Emergency MDRNE021 Glide n°: OT-2014-000126-NER Appeal / n° For Emergency 13 April Expected timeframe: 24 months (extended 12 months) Appeal: Date of 2018 launch: Expected end date: 30 April 2020 Category allocated to the of the disaster or crisis: Orange Emergency Appeal Funding Requirements: Revised to CHF 2,205,000 from CHF 1,680,731 DREF allocated: CHF 168,073 Total number of 461,323 Number of people to be 50,000 people revised from 43,113 people affected: assisted: if the total number of people people targeted is revised, Provinces Three Provinces/Regions targeted: One affected: Project manager: Pierre Danladi, overall responsible for planning, National Society contact: ISSA implementing, reporting and compliances. Mamane, Secretary General Host National Society presence (n° of volunteers, staff, branches): Diffa branch of the Niger Red Cross Society (NRCS) with 800 volunteers and eight staff Red Cross Red Crescent Movement partners actively involved in the operation: International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), Luxembourg Red Cross and International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) Other partner organizations actively involved in the operation: UNHCR, UNICEF, WFP, WHO, OCHA, CARE, Save the Children, MSF Spain, OXFAM, World Vision, ACTED, UNFPA, DRC, Plan International, ACF, ONG KARKARA, APBE, ONG DIKO, Ministry of Humanitarian Action and Disaster Management, Ministry of Interior A. Situation analysis Description of the crisis The Diffa region of Niger continues to experience violence, inter-community conflicts, abduction and population movement as a result of armed groups activities. The current security situation remains extremely volatile and attacks by armed groups and military operations have kept people on the move, seeking safety and hoping for peace. -
Dynamiques Des Ressources Environnementales Et
Dynamiques des ressources environnementales et mutations des systèmes agro-sylvo-pastoraux en milieu tropical semi aride : le cas de la vallée d’Arewa ( Niger central) François Fauquet To cite this version: François Fauquet. Dynamiques des ressources environnementales et mutations des systèmes agro- sylvo-pastoraux en milieu tropical semi aride : le cas de la vallée d’Arewa ( Niger central). Géographie. Université Joseph-Fourier - Grenoble I, 2005. Français. tel-00010859 HAL Id: tel-00010859 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00010859 Submitted on 3 Nov 2005 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. RESUME On évoque souvent, à propos de l’agriculture sahélienne, les caprices de la pluviométrie notamment les sécheresses catastrophiques de 1973 et de 1984. Pour autant, en dehors de ces épisodes de crises exceptionnelles et de leurs conséquences dramatiques, les savoir-faire paysans et le dynamisme des communautés rurales, ont permis de surmonter bien des difficultés. Les solidarités entre générations, la cohésion des familles, une économie populaire informelle, sont autant de parades à l’incertitude et aux mauvaises conjonctures. Dans la vallée d’Arewa, le doublement de la population ces vingt cinq dernières années a été accompagné d’un formidable mouvement d’extension des cultures, avec pour corollaire, une saturation des terres cultivables et une diminution sensible de la couverture végétale. -
UNHCR Niger Operation UNHCR Database
FACTSHEET DIFFA REGION NIGER Almost 6,500 new arrivals in Sayam Forage Camp since January 2021 March 2021 NNNovember The Diffa region hosts 265,696* Since April 2019, movements are The security situation has a strong Nigerian refugees, internally restricted on many roads following negative impact on the economy of displaced persons and Nigerien attacks, kidnappings and the the region, reducing opportunities returnees. More than 80% of them increased use of explosive for both host and displaced live in spontaneous settlements. devices. populations. (*Government figures) KEY INDICATORS FUNDING (AS OF 2 MARCH 2020) 226,383 USD 110.5 M Number of people of concern registered biometrically in requested for the UNHCR Niger Operation UNHCR database. Funded 17% 18.3 M 5,917 Households of 27,811 individuals were registered in Sayam Forage Camp as of 28 February 2021. 2,710 Houses built in Diffa region as of 28 February 2021. Unfunded 83% 92.2 M the UNHCR Niger Operation POPULATION OF CONCERN IN DIFFA (GOVERNMENT FIGURES) Asylum seekers 2 103 Returnees 1% 34 324 13% Refugees 126 543 47% 265 696 Displaced persons Internally Displaced persons 102 726 39% Construction of durable houses in Diffa © Ramatou Issa www.unhcr.org 1 OPERATIONAL UPDATE > Niger - Diffa / March 2021 Operation Strategy The key pillars of the UNHCR strategy for the Diffa region are: ■ Ensure institutional resilience through capacity development and support to the authorities (locally elected and administrative authorities) in the framework of the Niger decentralisation process. ■ Strengthen the out of camp policy around the urbanisation program through sustainable interventions and dynamic partnerships including with the World Bank. -
Pastoralism and Security in West Africa and the Sahel
Pastoralism and Security in West Africa and the Sahel Towards Peaceful Coexistence UNOWAS STUDY 1 2 Pastoralism and Security in West Africa and the Sahel Towards Peaceful Coexistence UNOWAS STUDY August 2018 3 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS Abbreviations p.8 Chapter 3: THE REPUBLIC OF MALI p.39-48 Acknowledgements p.9 Introduction Foreword p.10 a. Pastoralism and transhumance UNOWAS Mandate p.11 Pastoral Transhumance Methodology and Unit of Analysis of the b. Challenges facing pastoralists Study p.11 A weak state with institutional constraints Executive Summary p.12 Reduced access to pasture and water Introductionp.19 c. Security challenges and the causes and Pastoralism and Transhumance p.21 drivers of conflict Rebellion, terrorism, and the Malian state Chapter 1: BURKINA FASO p.23-30 Communal violence and farmer-herder Introduction conflicts a. Pastoralism, transhumance and d. Conflict prevention and resolution migration Recommendations b. Challenges facing pastoralists Loss of pasture land and blockage of Chapter 4: THE ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF transhumance routes MAURITANIA p.49-57 Political (under-)representation and Introduction passivity a. Pastoralism and transhumance in Climate change and adaptation Mauritania Veterinary services b. Challenges facing pastoralists Education Water scarcity c. Security challenges and the causes and Shortages of pasture and animal feed in the drivers of conflict dry season Farmer-herder relations Challenges relating to cross-border Cattle rustling transhumance: The spread of terrorism to Burkina Faso Mauritania-Mali d. Conflict prevention and resolution Pastoralists and forest guards in Mali Recommendations Mauritania-Senegal c. Security challenges and the causes and Chapter 2: THE REPUBLIC OF GUINEA p.31- drivers of conflict 38 The terrorist threat Introduction Armed robbery a. -
NIGER: Carte Administrative NIGER - Carte Administrative
NIGER - Carte Administrative NIGER: Carte administrative Awbari (Ubari) Madrusah Légende DJANET Tajarhi /" Capital Illizi Murzuq L I B Y E !. Chef lieu de région ! Chef lieu de département Frontières Route Principale Adrar Route secondaire A L G É R I E Fleuve Niger Tamanghasset Lit du lac Tchad Régions Agadez Timbuktu Borkou-Ennedi-Tibesti Diffa BARDAI-ZOUGRA(MIL) Dosso Maradi Niamey ZOUAR TESSALIT Tahoua Assamaka Tillabery Zinder IN GUEZZAM Kidal IFEROUANE DIRKOU ARLIT ! BILMA ! Timbuktu KIDAL GOUGARAM FACHI DANNAT TIMIA M A L I 0 100 200 300 kms TABELOT TCHIROZERINE N I G E R ! Map Doc Name: AGADEZ OCHA_SitMap_Niger !. GLIDE Number: 16032013 TASSARA INGALL Creation Date: 31 Août 2013 Projection/Datum: GCS/WGS 84 Gao Web Resources: www.unocha..org/niger GAO Nominal Scale at A3 paper size: 1: 5 000 000 TILLIA TCHINTABARADEN MENAKA ! Map data source(s): Timbuktu TAMAYA RENACOM, ARC, OCHA Niger ADARBISNAT ABALAK Disclaimers: KAOU ! TENIHIYA The designations employed and the presentation of material AKOUBOUNOU N'GOURTI I T C H A D on this map do not imply the expression of any opinion BERMO INATES TAKANAMATAFFALABARMOU TASKER whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations BANIBANGOU AZEY GADABEDJI TANOUT concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area ABALA MAIDAGI TAHOUA Mopti ! or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its YATAKALA SANAM TEBARAM !. Kanem WANZERBE AYOROU BAMBAYE KEITA MANGAIZE KALFO!U AZAGORGOULA TAMBAO DOLBEL BAGAROUA TABOTAKI TARKA BANKILARE DESSA DAKORO TAGRISS OLLELEWA -
LET4CAP Law Enforcement Training for Capacity Building NIGER
Co-funded by the Internal Security Fund of the European Union LAW ENFORCEMENT TRAINING FOR CAPACITY BUILDING LET4CAP Law Enforcement Training for Capacity Building NIGER Downloadable Country Booklet DL. 2.5 (Ve 1.2) Dissemination level: PU Let4Cap Grant Contract no.: HOME/ 2015/ISFP/AG/LETX/8753 Start date: 01/11/2016 Duration: 33 months Dissemination Level PU: Public X PP: Restricted to other programme participants (including the Commission) RE: Restricted to a group specified by the consortium (including the Commission) Revision history Rev. Date Author Notes 1.0 20/03/2018 SSSA Overall structure and first draft 1.1 06/05/2018 SSSA Second version after internal feedback among SSSA staff 1.2 09/05/2018 SSSA Final version version before feedback from partners LET4CAP_WorkpackageNumber 2 Deliverable_2.5 VER1.2 WorkpackageNumber 2 Deliverable Deliverable 2.5 Downloadable country booklets VER V. 1 . 2 2 NIGER Country Information Package 3 This Country Information Package has been prepared by Eric REPETTO and Claudia KNERING, under the scientific supervision of Professor Andrea de GUTTRY and Dr. Annalisa CRETA. Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa, Italy www.santannapisa.it LET4CAP, co-funded by the Internal Security Fund of the European Union, aims to contribute to more consistent and efficient assistance in law enforcement capacity building to third countries. The Project consists in the design and provision of training interventions drawn on the experience of the partners and fine-tuned after a piloting and consolidation phase. © 2018 by LET4CAP All rights reserved. 4 Table of contents 1. Country Profile 1.1Country in Brief 1.2Modern and Contemporary History of Niger 1.3 Geography 1.4Territorial and Administrative Units 1.5 Population 1.6Ethnic Groups, Languages, Religion 1.7Health 1.8Education and Literacy 1.9Country Economy 2. -
Core Functions / Responsibilities
Position Title : Consultant - Local Development and DDR North Niger Duty Station : Niamey, Niger Classification : Consultant, Grade Other Type of Appointment : Consultant, 2 months Estimated Start Date : As soon as possible Closing Date : 01 March 2017 THE POSTING HAS BEEN ALREADY CLOSED. PLEASE DO NOT APPLY. Established in 1951, IOM is a Related Organization of the United Nations, and as the leading UN agency in the field of migration, works closely with governmental, intergovernmental and non-governmental partners. IOM is dedicated to promoting humane and orderly migration for the benefit of all. It does so by providing services and advice to governments and migrants. Context: Under the direct supervision of MRRM program manager and the overall supervision of the IOM Chief of Mission, the consultant will work mainly on two axes: (i) draft a feasibility and implementation strategy of the Agadez regional development plan (PDR) for 2016-2020 covering the Bilma-Dirkou-Séguedine corridor in the extreme northern region of Niger (ii) in the target area, identify possible economic alternatives for migrants smugglers. The consultancy will last five weeks: three weeks in the field - one week in Niamey and two weeks in Agadez region to consult with local actors - and two weeks to draft the final report. The above-mentioned activities are part of the MIRAA project, financed by the Dutch government. The project aims to contribute to the strengthening of the Government management and governance of migration and to ensure the protection of migrants in an area with limited humanitarian presence. Core Functions / Responsibilities: 1. Draft a feasibility and implementation strategy of the Agadez Regional Development Plan (PDR) for 2016-2020 covering the Bilma-Dirkou-Séguedine corridor. -
Caught in the Middle a Human Rights and Peace-Building Approach to Migration Governance in the Sahel
Caught in the middle A human rights and peace-building approach to migration governance in the Sahel Fransje Molenaar CRU Report Jérôme Tubiana Clotilde Warin Caught in the middle A human rights and peace-building approach to migration governance in the Sahel Fransje Molenaar Jérôme Tubiana Clotilde Warin CRU Report December 2018 December 2018 © Netherlands Institute of International Relations ‘Clingendael’. Cover photo: © Jérôme Tubiana. Unauthorized use of any materials violates copyright, trademark and / or other laws. Should a user download material from the website or any other source related to the Netherlands Institute of International Relations ‘Clingendael’, or the Clingendael Institute, for personal or non-commercial use, the user must retain all copyright, trademark or other similar notices contained in the original material or on any copies of this material. Material on the website of the Clingendael Institute may be reproduced or publicly displayed, distributed or used for any public and non-commercial purposes, but only by mentioning the Clingendael Institute as its source. Permission is required to use the logo of the Clingendael Institute. This can be obtained by contacting the Communication desk of the Clingendael Institute ([email protected]). The following web link activities are prohibited by the Clingendael Institute and may present trademark and copyright infringement issues: links that involve unauthorized use of our logo, framing, inline links, or metatags, as well as hyperlinks or a form of link disguising the URL. About the authors Fransje Molenaar is a Senior Research Fellow with Clingendael’s Conflict Research Unit, where she heads the Sahel/Libya research programme. She specializes in the political economy of (post-) conflict countries, organized crime and its effect on politics and stability.