Public Opinion Survey: Residents of Niger October 3-18, 2020 Detailed Methodology • This survey was conducted on behalf of the International Republican Institute's Center for Insights in Survey Research. • Opinion Research Business International (ORB) oversaw data collection and quality control of survey data. Fieldwork was conducted by le Centre d’Incubation et de Promotion de l’Entrepreneurship et du Leadership (CIPEL), based in Niamey, Niger. • The nationally representative survey was conducted in-person using Computer-Assisted Personal Interviewing (CAPI) from October 3 to October 18, 2020. The achieved sample size was 1,668 survey respondents, aged 18 and older. It consists of n=1,300 nationally representative interviews, and n=368 booster interviewers in Agadez and Diffa. • The sampling frame included all accessible localities of Niger based on the 2012 Nigerien census (Recensement général de la Population et de l'Habitat). For the randomly selected localities deemed inaccessible due to insecurity, flooding or other fieldwork contingencies, an established substitution protocol was adopted to replace them while respecting allocation at the regional level. Households were selected by random walk, and within each selected household, a respondent was randomly selected. • 15 percent of the total population was inaccessible due to high levels of insecurity. • 27 percent of Agadez, 53 percent of Diffa, 6 percent of Dosso, 26 percent of Maradi, 0 percent of Niamey, 1 percent of Tahoua, 40 percent of Tillabéri, and 3 percent of Zinder were inaccessible. • The estimated maximum sampling error for the national sample is ±2.7 percent. • The response rate was 97 percent. • The sample was weighted based on regional populations, urbanity, gender, education level, and age groups so that the final sample was in accordance with the census statistics of these categories. • Charts and graphs may not add up to 100 percent due to rounding. 2 Frequently Cited Disaggregates Disaggregate Disaggregation Category Base Agadez n=45 (unweighted n= 225) Diffa n=57 (unweighted n=204) Dosso n=331 Region Maradi n=53 Niamey n=96 Tahoua n=334 Tillabéri n=267 Zinder n=339 Male n=802 Gender Female n=866 18-35 n=894 Age Groups 36+ n=774 Employed n=186 Self-employed n=599 Occupational Status Homemaker n=633 Unemployed n=95 Student n=126 No formal education/Less than primary n=1157 Educational Attainment Primary n=397 Secondary or higher n=114 *Cited bases are weighted. Margin of error will vary with sample size n. 3 Regions and Coverage Exclusions 100% Agadez (72%) 50% Diffa (47%) Percentage Tahoua of Population (74%) Zinder Tillabéri (97%) covered by (60%) Maradi this survey (75%) Dosso Niamey (92%) (99%) 4 General Assessment and Outlook In general, would you say that our country is heading in the right direction or in the wrong direction? In the right direction In the wrong direction Don't know/Refused to answer All respondents 51% 46% 3% Age 18-35 51% 46% 3% 36+ 51% 46% 3% Gender Male 51% 48% 2% Female 51% 44% 5% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 6 In general, would you say that our country is heading in the right direction or in the wrong direction? In the right direction In the wrong direction Don't know/Refused to answer AGADEZ 52% 48% DIFFA 42% 58% DOSSO 34% 59% 7% MARADI 49% 47% 4% NIAMEY 45% 46% 9% TAHOUA 74% 26% TILLABERI 32% 63% 6% ZINDER 58% 41% 1% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% In general, would you say that our country is heading in the right direction or in the wrong direction? In the right direction In the wrong direction Don't know/Refused to answer Employed 58% 41% 1% Self-employed 53% 45% 2% Homemaker 47% 47% 6% Unemployed 45% 51% 4% Student 48% 51% 1% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Speaking personally, over the past 12 months, how has your overall quality of life changed? Improved a lot Improved somewhat Stayed the same Worsened somewhat Worsened a lot Don't know/Refused to answer All respondents 13% 25% 20% 31% 11% 1% Age 18-35 15% 23% 20% 31% 10% 1% 36+ 10% 27% 21% 30% 11% Gender Male 12% 28% 21% 27% 12% 1% Female 13% 24% 20% 34% 10% 1% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 9 Speaking personally, over the past 12 months, how has your overall quality of life changed? Improved a lot Improved somewhat Stayed the same Worsened somewhat Worsened a lot Don't know/Refused to answer AGADEZ 9% 13% 29% 29% 20% DIFFA 9% 31% 10% 45% 5% DOSSO 13% 28% 5% 36% 18% <1% MARADI 9% 30% 14% 39% 8% NIAMEY 14% 17% 31% 28% 7% 3% TAHOUA 25% 34% 17% 18% 6% TILLABERI 3% 12% 27% 38% 19% 1% ZINDER 12% 23% 31% 24% 10% <1% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Do you consider our country to be governed in the interest of the majority of people or in the interest of some groups? Majority of people Some groups Don't know/Refused to answer All respondents 31% 65% 4% Age 18-35 33% 64% 4% 36+ 30% 66% 4% Gender Male 28% 70% 2% Female 35% 60% 6% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 11 Do you consider our country to be governed in the interest of the majority of people or in the interest of some groups? Majority of people Some groups Don't know/Refused to answer AGADEZ 36% 62% 2% DIFFA 37% 61% 2% DOSSO 14% 79% 7% MARADI 30% 66% 5% NIAMEY 33% 62% 5% TAHOUA 47% 52% 1% TILLABERI 24% 67% 9% ZINDER 32% 67% 1% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Do you think that today’s generation of young people has a good future in our country or not? Good future Not a good future Don't know/Refused to answer All respondents 48% 47% 6% Age 18-35 46% 49% 5% 36+ 49% 44% 6% Gender Male 47% 49% 4% Female 48% 44% 7% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 13 Do you think that today’s generation of young people has a good future in our country or not? Good future Not a good future Don't know/Refused to answer AGADEZ 31% 67% 2% DIFFA 35% 65% DOSSO 37% 54% 9% MARADI 39% 55% 5% NIAMEY 32% 60% 7% TAHOUA 77% 21% 2% TILLABERI 35% 53% 13% ZINDER 52% 45% 3% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% What is the most important problem facing our country today? (Spontaneous response) Poverty 19% Economy—cost of living, high prices 11% Agriculture 10% Insecurity 9% Economy—unemployment 9% Lack of food / Starvation 8% Education 5% Water 4% Healthcare 3% Environment / Natural disasters such as flooding, poor 3% harvest, drought, etc. Bad Governance / Injustice 3% Malnutrition 3% Other 9% No (other) problem 2% Don't know/Refused to answer 2% 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% Mentions of 1% or less combined into Other What is the most important problem facing our country today? Male Female 15% Poverty 23% 14% Insecurity 5% 11% Economy—unemployment 6% 9% Lack of food / Starvation 8% 8% Economy—cost of living, high prices 13% 6% Bad Governance / Injustice 1% 5% Education 6% 3% Water 5% 1% No (other) problem 2% 19% Other 18% 2% Don't know/Refused to answer 2% 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% Mentions of less than 3% combined into Other What is the most important problem facing our country today? 18-35 36+ 19% Poverty 19% 12% Agriculture 7% 11% Economy—unemployment 6% 9% Lack of food / Starvation 7% 8% Economy—cost of living, high prices 14% 7% Education 4% 5% Water 3% 4% Insecurity 14% 3% Bad Governance / Injustice 4% 3% No (other) problem <1% 16% Other 21% 3% Don't know/Refused to answer 1% 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% Mentions of less than 3% combined into Other How would you describe the current economic situation of your household? Very good Somewhat good Somewhat bad Very bad Don't know/Refused All respondents 9% 39% 34% 18% <1% Age 18-35 9% 41% 33% 17% <1% 36+ 10% 36% 35% 19% Gender Male 9% 43% 32% 17% Female 10% 35% 36% 19% 1% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 18 How would you describe the current economic situation of your household? Very good Somewhat good Somewhat bad Very bad Don't know/Refused to answer AGADEZ 11% 38% 40% 11% DIFFA 7% 51% 37% 5% DOSSO 11% 25% 28% 36% 1% MARADI 4% 42% 43% 11% NIAMEY 18% 45% 20% 18% TAHOUA 21% 47% 22% 10% TILLABERI 1% 15% 54% 29% 1% ZINDER 7% 50% 28% 15% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% How would you describe the current economic situation of your household? Very good Somewhat good Somewhat bad Very bad Don't know/Refused to answer Employed 18% 50% 26% 7% Self-employed 7% 40% 34% 19% Homemaker 8% 31% 39% 21% Unemployed 6% 49% 28% 15% 2% Student 15% 43% 27% 15% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% How would you the describe the current status of each of the following items in our region? Very good Somewhat good Somewhat bad Very bad Don't know/Refused to answer Security from conflict between different 50% 23% 11% 9% 7% communities Security from extremist violence 48% 26% 12% 9% 5% Child protection 40% 22% 17% 14% 7% Media freedom 29% 24% 14% 11% 21% Gender equality 25% 24% 21% 21% 11% Democracy 24% 25% 20% 17% 13% Economy 19% 27% 26% 22% 6% Food Security 15% 27% 24% 30% 4% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 21 Security from extremist violence Very good Somewhat good Somewhat bad Very bad Don't know/Refused to answer AGADEZ 4% 62% 18% 11% 4% DIFFA 4% 50% 32% 14% DOSSO 33% 32% 18% 12% 5% MARADI 60% 26% 7% 5% 1% NIAMEY 22% 34% 23% 17% 4% TAHOUA 64% 23% 9% 4% 1% TILLABERI 29% 18% 14% 20% 19% ZINDER 66% 18% 7% 6% 3% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Food security Very good Somewhat good Somewhat bad Very bad Don't know/Refused to answer AGADEZ 7% 33% 29% 29% 2% DIFFA 2% 44% 37% 18% DOSSO 19% 28% 21% 29% 5% MARADI 8% 27% 39% 26% <1% NIAMEY 16% 30% 24% 24% 6% TAHOUA 32% 32% 22% 14% TILLABERI 6% 22% 21% 34% 18% ZINDER 13% 21% 14% 52% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Child protection Very