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Grad Obrovac, Srpsko Narodno Vijeće Iz Zagreba, Zajedničko Vijeće Opštine Vukovar, Kancelarija Za Di

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Grad Obrovac, Srpsko Narodno Vijeće Iz Zagreba, Zajedničko Vijeće Opštine Vukovar, Kancelarija Za Di Program su finansirali: grad Obrovac, Srpsko narodno vijeće iz Zagreba, Zajedničko vijeće opštine Vukovar, Kancelarija za dijasporu i Srbe u regionu, Komesarijat za izbeglice i migracije Beograd, Fond za izbegla, prognana i raseljena lica AP Vojvodine, Hrvatsko nacionalno vijeće iz Subotice i Pokrajinski sekretarijat za kulturu i javno informisanje. Sadržaj publikacije ne predstavlja odgovornost sponzora i ni u kom slučaju ne odražava njihove stavove. CROATIAN-SERBIAN RELATIONS; MINORITY RIGHTS-FIGHT AGAINST DISCRIMINATION “HRVATSKO-SRPSKI ODNOSI U 20.VEKU - PRAVA NACIONALNIH MANJINA - BORBA PROTIV DISKRIMINACIJE” ŠESTI MEĐUNARODNI NAUČNI SKUP, GOLUBIĆ (OBROVAČKI) CENTAR ZA ISTORIJU, DEMOKRATIJU I POMIRENJE – NOVI SAD UDRUGA ZA POVIJEST, SURADNJU I POMIRENJE-GOLUBIĆ (OBROVAČKI) MAXIMAGRAF, PETROVARADIN NOVI SAD, 2013. SADRŽAJ REŠAVANJE PROBLEMA SA KOJIMA SE SUSREĆU NACIONALNE MANJINE KAO PREDUSLOV SUŽIVOTA U REGIONU Filip Škiljan, Kako su nacionalne manjine u Hrvatskoj dočekale raspad Jugoslavije? ........................ 7 Mario Bara, Kulturna baština Hrvata u Vojvodini i mogući modeli njezine zaštite .........................37 Tomislav Žigmanov, Politike financiranja kulture manjinskih zajednica u Srbiji na primjeru Hrvata u Vojvodini u 2012. godini ...........................................................53 Vladimir Stojanović, Očuvanje kulturnog identiteta podunavskih Hrvata (Šokaca) u Bačkoj kroz aktivnosti zaštite prirode i kulturnih dobara ....................................................69 PARLAMENTARNA DIPLOMATIJA, SUVERENITET I SUOČAVANJE SA SIROVIM ETNIČKIM NACIONALIZMOM Jovana Krdžavac, Parlamentarna diplomatija između Srbije i Hrvatske kao model za brže rešavanje otvorenih pitanja ..........................................................................83 Davor Pauković, Nacionalna izgradnja u Hrvatskoj: suverenitet između nacionalnog i nadnacionalnog ......................................................................................................97 Ljubica Đorđević, Language and Nationalism: Two Cases of Ignoring Language Rights of a National Minority ..................................................................................109 PRIVREDA KAO USLOV UNAPREĐENJA ODNOSA IZMEĐU HRVATSKE I SRBIJE I KAO PERSPEKTIVA RAZVOJA SRPSKE NACIONALNE ZAJEDNICE U HRVATSKOJ Janko Veselinović, Komparacija privrednog zakonodavstva na primeru pravnog regulisanja položaja privrednih, odnosno trgovačkih društava u Republici Srbiji i Republici Hrvatskoj....................................................................................127 Julija Švonja, Ekonomske i socijalne perspektive srpske nacionalne zajednice nastale pristupanjem Republike Hrvatske u Evropsku uniju ...............................................151 OBRAZOVANJE O HOLOKAUSTU – EDUKACIJA O PROŠLOSTI KAO USLOV ZA BOLJU BUDUĆNOST Jolanta Ambrosewicz-Jacobs, Overcoming Silence. Examples of good practice related to education about the Holocaust in Europe .............................................................167 Susanne Bleiberg Seperson, Lessons for Living Learned from the Holocaust: A 2G Daughter Remembers .......................................................................................................183 Maria Kavala, Aspects of anti-Semitism in Salonika, during the Nazi Occupation (1941-1944): the authorities, the press and the people. An example of differentiation and exclusion .............................193 Darko Gavrilović, Contemporary Anti-Semitism in Croatia and Serbia and Urgency for Stronger Connections Between Holocaust Education and Human Rights Education ....................................................................................................207 Stevan Mačković, Holokaust – edukacija o prošlosti, kao uslov boljoj budućnosti na primeru Subotice .....................................................................................................................223 6th INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE REPORT CROATIAN-SERBIAN RELATIONS; MINORITY RIGHTS-FIGHT AGAINST DISCRIMINATION ..............................231 REŠAVANJE PROBLEMA SA KOJIMA SE SUSREĆU NACIONALNE MANJINE KAO PREDUSLOV SUŽIVOTA U REGIONU 5 6 KAKO SU NACIONALNE MANJINE U HRVATSKOJ DOČEKALE RASPAD JUGOSLAVIJE? УДК 323.15:323(497.1) Dr. sc. Filip Škiljan, Institut za migracije i narodnosti, Zagreb KAKO SU NACIONALNE MANJINE U HRVATSKOJ DOČEKALE RASPAD JUGOSLAVIJE? Sažetak: Autor u tekstu donosi informacije o položaju narodnosti u socijalističkoj Jugoslaviji. Posebno se bavi položajem narodnosti koje su tijekom socijalističkog perioda bile zbog nekog od razloga proskribirane (Talijani, Nijemci i Mađari), narodnostima čiji je broj bio značajno smanjen uslijed ratnih stradavanja (Romi i Židovi) i narodnostima koje su imale dobar položaj zbog sudjelovanja na strani antifašističke koalicije na prostorima Jugoslavije (Ukrajinci, Rusini, Česi). U drugom dijelu teksta autor se fokusira na nacionalne manjine koje su posebno stradavale tijekom posljednjeg rata u Hrvatskoj (dakako pojam nacionalne man- jine koristi samo za one nacionalne manjine koje su smatrane narodnostima za vrijeme socijalističke Jugoslavije). Tako se posebno osvrće na stradavanje Rusina u zapadnom Srijemu, Čeha u zapadnoj Slavoniji, Slovaka u Iloku, Mađara u istočnoj Slavoniji i Baranji i Roma u Baranji. U posljednjem dijelu teksta donosi informacije o sadašnjem položaju nacionalnih manjina u Republici Hrvatskoj. Ključne riječi: nacionalne manjine; narodnosti; Jugoslavija; Hrvatska; Domovinski rat Key words: national minorities, Yugoslavia, Croatia, war of independence Položaj narodnosti u socijalističkoj Jugoslaviji Specifičnost bivšeg jugoslavenskog prostora jest upravo njegova multina- cionalnost, ispreplitanje najrazličitijih vjera i kultura i drugih obilježja naroda i narodnosti koje su na tome prostoru živjele. U Odluci o izgradnji Jugoslavije na federativnom principu, koja je donijeta 1943. godine u Jajcu, izraženo je rješenje nacionalnog pitanja u Jugoslaviji na bazi pune ravnopravnosti svih naroda Ju- goslavije. Tamo su načelno dogovorena i prava nacionalnih manjina. Zemaljsko antifašističko vijeće narodnoga oslobođenja Hrvatske 9. svibnja 1944. donijelo je 7 Dr. sc. Filip Škiljan Deklaraciju o osnovnim pravima naroda i građana Demokratske Hrvatske u kojoj je proklamirano da će se nacionalnim manjinama u Hrvatskoj osigurati sva prava na nacionalni život. Štoviše, kaže se da su »svi građani Federalne Države Hrvatske jed- naki i ravnopravni bez obzira na narodnost, rasu i vjeroispovijest«. Taj dokument sadrži i odredbe prema kojima se jamče osobna sigurnost i imovina, a zajamčeno je i pravo vlasništva i privatna inicijativa u gospodarskom životu. Godine 1946. donesen je ustav nove Jugoslavije koji je u sebi sadržavao član o jednakosti svih građana pred zakonom bez obzira na vjeru, nacionalnost ili rasu. I ustavi iz 1963. godine i 1974. godine omogućivali su nacionalnim manjinama jednakopravnost. U Osnovnim načelima posljednjeg ustava SFRJ i SRH utvrđeno je da se u Hrvatskoj »u ime svakog naroda i narodnosti posebno i svih zajedno ostvaruje i osigurava bratstvo i jedinstvo naroda i narodnosti, te stvaraju uvjeti za njihov svestran razvoj kao nacionalnih kolektiviteta, ali i kao jedinstvenog dijela zajednice«. Uz opća prava i slobode čovjeka i građanina narodnostima u SRH i SFRJ bile su osigurane i slobo- da i ravnopravnost jezika i pisma, odgoj i obrazovanje na vlastitom jeziku, pravo na razvoj vlastite kulture, pravo na osnivanje vlastitih organizacija, pravo na razmjernu zastupljenost u organima vlasti, pravo na upotrebu svojeg jezika i pisma u javnom životu i u postupku pred državnim organima i organizacijama koje obavljaju javna ovlaštenja, kao i druga prava kojima se, na području gdje žive, osigurava nacionalni razvoj i afirmacija narodnosti.1 Čak se u 17 republičkih zakona i dva podzakonska akta razrađuju ustavne odredbe u smislu konkretne pravne zaštite specifičnih indi- vidualnih i kolektivnih prava narodnosti u SRH. Ti zakoni se naročito odnose na sistem obrazovanja, područje kulturnih djelatnosti, informativnu i izdavačku djelat- nost, izborni sistem, pravosuđe i tome slično. U 26 općina u Hrvatskoj koje su bile multietničke, u statute je posebno ugrađena odredba koja osigurava ostvarivanje prava naroda i narodnosti.2 To je bilo posebno vidljivo u dvojezičnim natpisima 1 Ustav SRH, Položaj radnih ljudi u društveno-političkom sistemu, član 137, 138. 2 Od općina su to Bjelovar, Daruvar, Đurđevac, Garešnica, Grubišno Polje, Pakrac, Virovitica, Beli Manastir, Donji Miholjac, Đakovo, Našice, Novska, Osijek, Slavonski Brod, Slavonska Požega, Vinkovci, Vukovar, Županja, Buje, Cres-Lošinj, Labin, Opatija, Poreč, Pula, Rijeka i Rovinj. (M. Domini, »Hrvatska: Česi, Mađari, Romi, Rusini, Slovaci, Talijani, Ukrajinci« u: Manjine u alpsko-jadranskom prostoru, Zagreb 1990, 97). Kao primjer navodim općinu Beli Manastir i njezin statut. Vidljivo je da je općina Beli Manastir poštivala jednakopravnost mađarske narodnosti u jeziku i pismu, osiguravala je odgoj i obrazovankje pripadnicima mađarske narodnosti na mađarskom, osiguravala je razmjernu brojčanu zastupljenost pripadnika mađarske narodnosti kao odbornika u skupštini općine, objavljivala je Službeni glasnik općine Beli Manastir i na mađarskom jeziku, vodila je službene evidencije (matične knjige, biračke spiskove i slično) i na mađarskom jeziku, značajne dokumente za općinu prevodila je na mađarski jezik, omogućivala je sklapanje braka na mađarskom jeziku, izrađivala je javne isprave dvojezično, osiguravala je dvojezične natpise
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