DOCSLIB.ORG

History of Organized Fascism in Serbia

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
History of Organized Fascism in Serbia Library.Anarhija.Net History of Organized Fascism in Serbia Sava Devurić Sava Devurić History of Organized Fascism in Serbia 2013. Scanned from original The text was originally written in February of 2013. forthe anarchist journal Notes from the Steppe, from Salonika, Greece. lib.anarhija.net 2013. Contents 1. Emergence of organized fascism ............. 3 2. Role of fascist groups in WW2, function of fascist ideas in WW2 ........................ 6 3. Re-emergence during the wars in ex Yugoslavia, forms and reasons for the reappearance of fascism post 1989 / today’s scene / street fascism / role in the state apparatus ..................... 8 Appendix I — Antifascism . 14 Appendix II — On the authoritarian political culture in Serbia .......................... 15 2 (for example) also became nationalist. One of them wrote a program 1. Emergence of organized fascism for Milošević’s party, still others were founders of the pro-capitalist opposition Democratic Party. Some of the left-dissidents of the past Although Serbia/Yugoslavia was and still is a generally conser- stayed faithful to anti-nationalist policies, but most of them became vative environment, I think that it could be said fascism, in a strict liberals or social-democrats. definition, was a relatively small movement within it. Early onthere There was a lot of organized dissent against Milošević inthe were proto-fascist groups, like the conspiratorial Black Hand in the nineties, sometimes with huge demos organized daily across the pre-1918 period, and various fascistic groups in the 1920’s (ORJUNA country. But dissent was usually organized by very hierarchical and and others). The first more ideologically well-defined fascist groups nationalist parties who had their own cults of leaders and who often in Serbia and Yugoslavia appeared in the first half of 1930’s (not blamed Milošević, not for starting the wars, but for losing them. counting the Croatian Ustašas, which are a separate issue). These When this opposition came to power in 2000, further economic smaller groups united in 1935, and this is how the Yugoslav Na- destruction followed resulting in growing cynicism and hopeless- tional Movement Zbor (Rally) was formed, led by a Serbian lawyer ness in the population. Part of the population followed Milošević Dimitrije Ljotić. who started and lost the wars while another part followed the op- Zbor was an anti-democratic, anti-communist, anti-Semitic or- position that ushered in the economic destruction of 2000. Many ganization that propagated an idea of an integral Yugoslav nation, hopes were shattered and the shift to neo-liberal capitalism came, consisting of three “tribes” of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (Macedo- but there was no culture of self-organizing among the working- nians, Montenegrins and Bosniaks – Bosnian Muslims, were then class people to fight it. The unions are almost exactly the sameas not recognized as separate ethnic groups), organized in a unitary, they were in the Titoist state-capitalist era. corporatist and monarchist state, dominated by Serbia. Milošević was perceived by many to be a continuation of the As is common in fascist practice, Zbor used a lot of the ideas ‘Communist regime’, this is why so many of the opposition youth that originated in the socialist movement and transformed them became right-wing and reactionary. into tools for a nationalist ideology — into something completely opposite of their original purpose. In the 19th century a movement developed around a figure of a young socialist Svetozar Marković (It is interesting that Ljotić’s father was one of the early followers of Marković, and also the first translator of The Communist Manifesto into Serbian). Marković’s ideas were very much anti-nationalist, he spoke of the danger of aspirations of the Serbian ruling class to cre- ate a Greater Serbia, and of the need to destroy all of the Balkan states (by the means of a social revolution) that oppress all of the peoples of the Balkans in order to form a Balkan federation (he was open to the idea of this federation being a federation of communes, or states – depending on the will of the people, as he said). Marković and other early Serbian socialists rejected the idea of the necessity 18 3 of capitalism and wrote about the possibility of a development of fully isolated the more radical elements and allied themselves with a communist society in Serbia without going through the phase of the more moderate ones, concluding with Comrade Tito dancing capitalism first. In order for this transition to be successful, inthe with the students in the street. opinion of early Serbian socialists, traditional Serbian peasant insti- In the eighties there were more political activities and more at- tutions could be used. One of this institutions was Zadruga, a tradi- tempts of organizing and connecting struggles across the country, tional Serbian economic cooperative usually consisting of a larger there were attempts to organize new unions on the Yugoslav level, family unit but also with members who are not related. These coop- but repression got stronger as well. Some of the more radical ele- eratives sometimes formed larger confederated structures. Social- ments from the sixties (mostly Trotskyist) suffered state repression ists didn’t idolize these institutions, they just saw them as possible and in 1984, four years after Titos death, six of them were arrested starting points for the creation of a new society. Zbor on the other (this was the first Belgrade six) and charged with counter revolu- hand saw Zadrugas as a model how to organize a society and econ- tionary activities. omy in a patriarchal and authoritarian way as the basis for a future So, during the entire state-capitalist period in Yugoslavia there “organic” state in which everyone would be organized in their own was almost no autonomous self-organizing. When I say this I do not professional estate (corporation) as an “organic” part of the State, mean only radical political initiatives, but not even “normal” union and in which the male head of the family will be in the family what activities or cultural/countercultural organizing existed that were the King would be in the State (“and God in the Heavens”). not somehow absorbed by the state. If something more autonomous, Despite being a well organized organization (and very close to especially of political character, appeared, everyone was quickly re- some parts of the Orthodox Church), with a violent youth and stu- minded that this was a Bolshevik regime after all and State repres- dent groups that often clashed with communist and antifascist stu- sion followed. dents at the Belgrade university, Zbor was never a popular move- Then in the end of the eighties the state-capitalist regimes started ment and in elections they got around 1% of the votes or less. to crumble, and parts of the ruling bureaucratic class in Yugoslavia Zbor had a competitor in the figure of Milan Stojadinović, who started to see nationalism as a new card to play. Old ideology was was the Yugoslav prime minister in the 1935–1939 period. Stojadi- dying, but nationalism could provide a new style of populism to nović was the leader of the old Radical party, and during his rule help them stay in power. Milošević successfully combined this strat- he tried to move the party to a more fascist direction. He was not egy with leftist populist politics — “the fight against the fake bu- so obsessed with ideological details as much as he was with the reaucratic communists, and the return to real socialist values” — more superficial imitations of the fascist regimes; for example, he and managed in this way to incorporate a lot of dissatisfaction that introduced the uniformed section of the party called the Grey Shirts. the new workers movement was trying to channel. Ljotić and his followers looked down on Stojadinović as an inferior The population was trained to trust the government and Miloše- fascist, just as an imitator, or as a “fascist apprentice”. They con- vić quickly became popular. Although very early on there was dis- sidered themselves to be an authentic Yugoslav and Serbian move- sent and protests against his rule, most of his opposition was also ment. It is interesting to mention that the Radical party was first very nationalist and authoritarian. Most of the population now had founded in the 1880’s by the followers of Svetozar Marković (after iconic leaders who they followed, some followed Milošević, and oth- his death), when they “realized that a more moderate socialist and ers one of the opposition leaders. Many of the members of Praxis 4 17 and society in general was relatively optimistic about the gradual democratic movement is needed in the backward Serbia”, a move- improvement of their lives. ment that would help to organize Serbia into a modern industrial The services that the State provided were not only social inchar- capitalist society. This was a clear cut separation from the previ- acter (health care, welfare, pensions etc) but also cultural. For exam- ously dominant positions influenced by the Russian Narodniki so- ple, many cultural and youth centers were build across the country. cialists. Some of the founders of the Radical party gave a clearly When Yugoslavia broke its ties with the Eastern Block, a culturally Marxist rationale for this turn into a more reformist direction. One more liberal policy was introduced. Very early on there was a tol- of those who remained true to Marković’s ideas was the revolution- erance and even encouragement of the western style culture, jazz, ary socialist Mita Cenić who became a fierce enemy of the Radical rock, film, etc., but even for this the frame was provided bythe party, prophesying that the party would soon transform from a re- State and its institutions.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Global New Right and the Flemish Identitarian Movement Schild & Vrienden a Case Study
    Paper The global New Right and the Flemish identitarian movement Schild & Vrienden A case study by Ico Maly© (Tilburg University) [email protected] December 2018 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/ The global New Right and the Flemish identitarian movement Schild & Vrienden. A case study. Ico Maly Abstract: This paper argues that nationalism, and nationalistic activism in particular are being globalized. At least certain fringes of radical nationalist activists are organized as ‘cellular systems’ connected and mobilize-able on a global scale giving birth to what I call ‘global nationalistic activism’. Given this change in nationalist activism, I claim that we should abandon all ‘methodological nationalism’. Methodological nationalism fails in arriving at a thorough understanding of the impact, scale and mobilization power (Tilly, 1974) of contemorary ‘national(istic)’ political activism. Even more, it inevitably will contribute to the naturalization or in emic terms the meta-political goals of global nationalist activists. The paradox is of course evident: global nationalism uses the scale- advantages, network effects and the benefits of cellular structures to fight for the (re)construction of the old 19th century vertebrate system par excellence: the (blood and soil) nation. Nevertheless, this, I will show, is an indisputable empirical reality: the many local nationalistic battles are more and more embedded in globally operating digital infrastructures mobilizing militants from all corners of the world for nationalist causes at home. Nationalist activism in the 21st century, so goes my argument, has important global dimensions which are easily repatriated for national use.
    [Show full text]
  • Ecthr Milanovic V. Serbia
    SECOND SECTION CASE OF MILANOVIĆ v. SERBIA (Application no. 44614/07) JUDGMENT STRASBOURG 14 December 2010 FINAL 20/06/2011 This judgment has become final under Article 44 § 2 (c) of the Convention. It may be subject to editorial revision. MILANOVIĆ v. SERBIA JUDGMENT 1 In the case of Milanović v. Serbia, The European Court of Human Rights (Second Section), sitting as a Chamber composed of: Françoise Tulkens, President, Danutė Jočienė, Dragoljub Popović, András Sajó, Nona Tsotsoria, Kristina Pardalos, Guido Raimondi, judges, and Stanley Naismith, Section Registrar, Having deliberated in private on 23 November 2010, Delivers the following judgment, which was adopted on that date: PROCEDURE 1. The case originated in an application (no. 44614/07) against Serbia lodged with the Court under Article 34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (“the Convention”) by a Serbian national, Mr Života Milanović (“the applicant”), on 2 October 2007. 2. The applicant was represented by Ms T. Drobnjak, a lawyer practising in Belgrade. The Serbian Government (“the Government”) were represented by their Agent, Mr S. Carić. 3. The President of the Chamber gave priority to the application in accordance with Rule 41 of the Rules of Court. 4. The applicant complained about a series of religiously motivated attacks perpetrated against him. 5. On 16 November 2009 the Court decided to communicate the application to the Government. Under the provisions of Article 29 § 3 of the Convention, it was also decided that the merits of the application would be examined together with its admissibility. THE FACTS I. THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE CASE 6.
    [Show full text]
  • Subcultural Appropriations of Appalachia and the Hillbilly Image, 1990-2010
    Virginia Commonwealth University VCU Scholars Compass Theses and Dissertations Graduate School 2019 The Mountains at the End of the World: Subcultural Appropriations of Appalachia and the Hillbilly Image, 1990-2010 Paul L. Robertson Virginia Commonwealth University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd Part of the American Popular Culture Commons, Appalachian Studies Commons, Literature in English, North America Commons, and the Other Film and Media Studies Commons © Paul L. Robertson Downloaded from https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5854 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at VCU Scholars Compass. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of VCU Scholars Compass. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Robertson i © Paul L. Robertson 2019 All Rights Reserved. Robertson ii The Mountains at the End of the World: Subcultural Appropriations of Appalachia and the Hillbilly Image, 1990-2010 A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Virginia Commonwealth University. By Paul Lester Robertson Bachelor of Arts in English, Virginia Commonwealth University, 2000 Master of Arts in Appalachian Studies, Appalachian State University, 2004 Master of Arts in English, Appalachian State University, 2010 Director: David Golumbia Associate Professor, Department of English Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond, Virginia May 2019 Robertson iii Acknowledgement The author wishes to thank his loving wife A. Simms Toomey for her unwavering support, patience, and wisdom throughout this process. I would also like to thank the members of my committee: Dr. David Golumbia, Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • On the 'Right' Side?
    Fascism 2 (2013) 94–114 brill.com/fasc On the ‘right’ side? The Radical Right in the Post-Yugoslav Area and the Serbian Case Đorđe Tomić Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Institut für Geschichtswissenschaften, Lehrstuhl für Südosteuropäische Geschichte [email protected] Abstract The political transformation in the former Yugoslavia during the 1990s was marked by the establishment of a nationalist political mainstream. As a consequence of the Yugoslav wars, nationalism gained broad acceptance in most post-Yugoslav societies. This led to the emer- gence of many radical right groups, the majority of which support the nationalist policies of the Yugoslav successor states. Since the regime changes in most post-Yugoslav states around the year 2000, the nationalist paradigm has shifted towards a new mainstream, combining the promise of EU accession with neoliberal economic reforms, and slowly abandoning national- ism as a means of political mobilization/demobilization. The radical right groups in the post-Yugoslav area were generally on the right side during the 1990s, but they now face margin- alization and even prosecution by state authorities. When pushed to the edge of the political field, however, these groups reorganize themselves. At the same time, several developments are fostering their existence and activities, namely the discursive normalization of nationalism, an unchallenged nationalist revisionism of history, and the reluctance of large parts of society to deal critically with the Yugoslav wars of the 1990s. Finally, due to the lack of strong left-wing parties and organizations, the radical right groups represent the only political alternative to the new pro-European mainstream.
    [Show full text]
  • Tolstoy and Zola: Trains and Missed Connections
    Tolstoy and Zola: Trains and Missed Connections Nina Lee Bond Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2011 © 2011 Nina Lee Bond All rights reserved ABSTRACT Tolstoy and Zola: Trains and Missed Connections Nina Lee Bond ŖTolstoy and Zolaŗ juxtaposes the two writers to examine the evolution of the novel during the late nineteenth century. The juxtaposition is justified by the literary critical debates that were taking place in Russian and French journals during the 1870s and 1880s, concerning Tolstoy and Zola. In both France and Russia, heated arguments arose over the future of realism, and opposing factions held up either Tolstoyřs brand of realism or Zolařs naturalism as more promising. This dissertation uses the differences between Tolstoy and Zola to make more prominent a commonality in their respective novels Anna Karenina (1877) and La Bête humaine (1890): the railways. But rather than interpret the railways in these two novels as a symbol of modernity or as an engine for narrative, I concentrate on one particular aspect of the railway experience, known as motion parallax, which is a depth cue that enables a person to detect depth while in motion. Stationary objects close to a travelling train appear to be moving faster than objects in the distance, such as a mountain range, and moreover they appear to be moving backward. By examining motion parallax in both novels, as well as in some of Tolstoyřs other works, The Kreutzer Sonata (1889) and The Death of Ivan Il'ich (1886), this dissertation attempts to address an intriguing question: what, if any, is the relationship between the advent of trains and the evolution of the novel during the late nineteenth century? Motion parallax triggers in a traveler the sensation of going backward even though one is travelling forward.
    [Show full text]
  • We're Not Nazis, But…
    August 2014 American ideals. Universal values. Acknowledgements On human rights, the United States must be a beacon. This report was made possible by the generous Activists fighting for freedom around the globe continue to support of the David Berg Foundation and Arthur & look to us for inspiration and count on us for support. Toni Rembe Rock. Upholding human rights is not only a moral obligation; it’s Human Rights First has for many years worked to a vital national interest. America is strongest when our combat hate crimes, antisemitism and anti-Roma policies and actions match our values. discrimination in Europe. This report is the result of Human Rights First is an independent advocacy and trips by Sonni Efron and Tad Stahnke to Greece and action organization that challenges America to live up to Hungary in April, 2014, and to Greece in May, 2014, its ideals. We believe American leadership is essential in as well as interviews and consultations with a wide the struggle for human rights so we press the U.S. range of human rights activists, government officials, government and private companies to respect human national and international NGOs, multinational rights and the rule of law. When they don’t, we step in to bodies, scholars, attorneys, journalists, and victims. demand reform, accountability, and justice. Around the We salute their courage and dedication, and give world, we work where we can best harness American heartfelt thanks for their counsel and assistance. influence to secure core freedoms. We are also grateful to the following individuals for We know that it is not enough to expose and protest their work on this report: Tamas Bodoky, Maria injustice, so we create the political environment and Demertzian, Hanna Kereszturi, Peter Kreko, Paula policy solutions necessary to ensure consistent respect Garcia-Salazar, Hannah Davies, Erica Lin, Jannat for human rights.
    [Show full text]
  • Fringe Politics in Southeastern Europe II - Conservative Social Movements and the Mainstreaming of Extremism in Southeast Europe
    H-Nationalism CfP: Fringe Politics in Southeastern Europe II - Conservative Social Movements and the Mainstreaming of Extremism in Southeast Europe Discussion published by Cristian Cercel on Thursday, October 16, 2014 CfP: Fringe Politics in Southeastern Europe II – Conservative Social Movements and the Mainstreaming of Extremism in Southeast Europe The relationship between state and society in Southeastern Europe hasundergone a recent phase of intense restructuring, with protest politics and new waves of social movements from the political margins questioning the status quo and shaking up entrenched political systems. When approaching this development, scholarship has thus farpredominantly focused on social actors and groups with a distinctively democratic and progressive potential addressing various issues, suchas austerity, the privatisation of public space, the (non) provisionand privatisation of welfare and public utilities, poverty, corruption, bureaucratic inefficiency, environmental concerns andauthoritarian tendencies. However, the recent anti-Cyrillic protestsin Vukovar (Croatia), football hooliganism or the rising influence of political Islam in parts of the region, have showed the particular power of social movements with a more conservative base, representing a kind of ‘grassroots nationalism’ or nationalism ‘from below’. While popular protest movements led by social groups and actors from theconservative spectrum of politics are often equated with ‘anti-democracy’ or ‘extremism’, this workshop’s rationale is to explore and
    [Show full text]
  • Memorial of the Republic of Croatia
    INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE CASE CONCERNING THE APPLICATION OF THE CONVENTION ON THE PREVENTION AND PUNISHMENT OF THE CRIME OF GENOCIDE (CROATIA v. YUGOSLAVIA) MEMORIAL OF THE REPUBLIC OF CROATIA APPENDICES VOLUME 5 1 MARCH 2001 II III Contents Page Appendix 1 Chronology of Events, 1980-2000 1 Appendix 2 Video Tape Transcript 37 Appendix 3 Hate Speech: The Stimulation of Serbian Discontent and Eventual Incitement to Commit Genocide 45 Appendix 4 Testimonies of the Actors (Books and Memoirs) 73 4.1 Veljko Kadijević: “As I see the disintegration – An Army without a State” 4.2 Stipe Mesić: “How Yugoslavia was Brought Down” 4.3 Borisav Jović: “Last Days of the SFRY (Excerpts from a Diary)” Appendix 5a Serb Paramilitary Groups Active in Croatia (1991-95) 119 5b The “21st Volunteer Commando Task Force” of the “RSK Army” 129 Appendix 6 Prison Camps 141 Appendix 7 Damage to Cultural Monuments on Croatian Territory 163 Appendix 8 Personal Continuity, 1991-2001 363 IV APPENDIX 1 CHRONOLOGY OF EVENTS1 ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THE CHRONOLOGY BH Bosnia and Herzegovina CSCE Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe CK SKJ Centralni komitet Saveza komunista Jugoslavije (Central Committee of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia) EC European Community EU European Union FRY Federal Republic of Yugoslavia HDZ Hrvatska demokratska zajednica (Croatian Democratic Union) HV Hrvatska vojska (Croatian Army) IMF International Monetary Fund JNA Jugoslavenska narodna armija (Yugoslav People’s Army) NAM Non-Aligned Movement NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organisation
    [Show full text]
  • History of Organized Fascism in Serbia
    History of Organized Fascism in Serbia Sava Devurić 2013. Contents 1. Emergence of organized fascism ..................... 3 2. Role of fascist groups in WW2, function of fascist ideas in WW2 . 5 3. Re-emergence during the wars in ex Yugoslavia, forms and reasons for the reappearance of fascism post 1989 / today’s scene / street fascism / role in the state apparatus ................. 6 Appendix I — Antifascism .......................... 11 Appendix II — On the authoritarian political culture in Serbia . 12 2 1. Emergence of organized fascism Although Serbia/Yugoslavia was and still is a generally conservative environ- ment, I think that it could be said fascism, in a strict definition, was a relatively small movement within it. Early on there were proto-fascist groups, like the con- spiratorial Black Hand in the pre-1918 period, and various fascistic groups in the 1920’s (ORJUNA and others). The first more ideologically well-defined fascist groups in Serbia and Yugoslavia appeared in the first half of 1930’s (not counting the Croatian Ustašas, which are a separate issue). These smaller groups united in 1935, and this is how the Yugoslav National Movement Zbor (Rally) was formed, led by a Serbian lawyer Dimitrije Ljotić. Zbor was an anti-democratic, anti-communist, anti-Semitic organization that propagated an idea of an integral Yugoslav nation, consisting of three “tribes” of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (Macedonians, Montenegrins and Bosniaks – Bosnian Muslims, were then not recognized as separate ethnic groups), organized in a uni- tary, corporatist and monarchist state, dominated by Serbia. As is common in fascist practice, Zbor used a lot of the ideas that originated in the socialist movement and transformed them into tools for a nationalist ideology — into something completely opposite of their original purpose.
    [Show full text]
  • Dead Heroes and Living Saints: Orthodoxy
    Dead Heroes and Living Saints: Orthodoxy, Nationalism, and Militarism in Contemporary Russia and Cyprus By Victoria Fomina Submitted to Central European University Department of Sociology and Social Anthropology In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Supervisors: Professor Vlad Naumescu Professor Dorit Geva CEU eTD Collection Budapest, Hungary 2019 Budapest, Hungary Statement I hereby declare that this dissertation contains no materials accepted for any other degrees in any other institutions and no materials previously written and / or published by any other person, except where appropriate acknowledgement is made in the form of bibliographical reference. Victoria Fomina Budapest, August 16, 2019 CEU eTD Collection i Abstract This dissertation explores commemorative practices in contemporary Russia and Cyprus focusing on the role heroic and martyrical images play in the recent surge of nationalist movements in Orthodox countries. It follows two cases of collective mobilization around martyr figures – the cult of the Russian soldier Evgenii Rodionov beheaded in Chechen captivity in 1996, and two Greek Cypriot protesters, Anastasios Isaak and Solomos Solomou, killed as a result of clashes between Greek and Turkish Cypriot protesters during a 1996 anti- occupation rally. Two decades after the tragic incidents, memorial events organized for Rodionov and Isaak and Solomou continue to attract thousands of people and only seem to grow in scale, turning their cults into a platform for the production and dissemination of competing visions of morality and social order. This dissertation shows how martyr figures are mobilized in Russia and Cyprus to articulate a conservative moral project built around nationalism, militarized patriotism, and Orthodox spirituality.
    [Show full text]
  • Transnational Neo-Nazism in the Usa, United Kingdom and Australia
    TRANSNATIONAL NEO-NAZISM IN THE USA, UNITED KINGDOM AND AUSTRALIA PAUL JACKSON February 2020 JACKSON | PROGRAM ON EXTREMISM About the Program on About the Author Extremism Dr Paul Jackson is a historian of twentieth century and contemporary history, and his main teaching The Program on Extremism at George and research interests focus on understanding the Washington University provides impact of radical and extreme ideologies on wider analysis on issues related to violent and societies. Dr. Jackson’s research currently focuses non-violent extremism. The Program on the dynamics of neo-Nazi, and other, extreme spearheads innovative and thoughtful right ideologies, in Britain and Europe in the post- academic inquiry, producing empirical war period. He is also interested in researching the work that strengthens extremism longer history of radical ideologies and cultures in research as a distinct field of study. The Britain too, especially those linked in some way to Program aims to develop pragmatic the extreme right. policy solutions that resonate with Dr. Jackson’s teaching engages with wider themes policymakers, civic leaders, and the related to the history of fascism, genocide, general public. totalitarian politics and revolutionary ideologies. Dr. Jackson teaches modules on the Holocaust, as well as the history of Communism and fascism. Dr. Jackson regularly writes for the magazine Searchlight on issues related to contemporary extreme right politics. He is a co-editor of the Wiley- Blackwell journal Religion Compass: Modern Ideologies and Faith. Dr. Jackson is also the Editor of the Bloomsbury book series A Modern History of Politics and Violence. The views expressed in this paper are solely those of the author, and not necessarily those of the Program on Extremism or the George Washington University.
    [Show full text]
  • Mainstreaming the Extreme
    Volume 1 • Number 1 • 2015 East European Journal of Society and Politics Mainstreaming the extreme political factors, social conditions and cultural perceptions propelling the far-right and neo-nationalism in Europe Editor-in-Chief: Margit Feischmidt Section Editors: Margit Feischmidt Peter Hervik Copyeditor: Chris Swart The current issue supported by: PUBLISHER: András Körösényi, General Director Centre for Social Sciences Hungarian Academy of Sciences H-1014 Budapest, Országház u. 30. E-mail: [email protected] intersections.tk.mta.hu Intersections. East European Journal of Society and Politics is an Open Access peer-reviewed electronic journal. When citing an article, please use the article’s DOI identifier. Table of Contents Editorial Introduction MARGIT FEISCHMIDT AND PETER HERVIK Mainstreaming the Extreme: Intersecting Challenges from the Far Right in Europe 3 Special Section TAMÁS CSILLAG AND IVÁN SZELÉNYI Drifting from Liberal Democracy: Traditionalist/Neo-conservative Ideology of Managed Illiberal Democratic Capitalism in Post-communist Europe 18 SINDRE BANGSTAD The Racism that Dares not Speak its Name: Rethinking Neo-nationalism and Neo-racism 49 PETER HERVIK What is in the Scandinavian Nexus of “Islamophobia, Multiculturalism, and Muslim-Western Relations”? 66 GIORGOS TSIMOURIS From Mainstream to Extreme: Casino Capitalism, Fascism and the Re-bordering of Immigration in Greece 83 DOMONKOS SIK Incubating Radicalism in Hungary – the Case of Sopron and Ózd 100 GABRIELLA SZABÓ AND MÁRTON BENE Mainstream or an Alternate Universe?
    [Show full text]