10 December 2021 – 30 May 2022 Hatay Province, Turkey 01 Information About the Province of Hatay, Turkey Contents Theme & Subthemes of 02 Expo 2021 Hatay
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
10 December 2021 – 30 May 2022 Hatay Province, Turkey 01 Information about the Province of Hatay, Turkey Contents Theme & Subthemes of 02 Expo 2021 Hatay 2 1. Hatay Province, Turkey The Province Hatay, Turkey Hatay is a southern Turkish province on the Mediterranean coast. The administrative capital is Antakya (Antioch), and the other major city in the province is the port city of İskenderun (Alexandretta). With approximately 1.650.000 residents in 5.524 km2, Hatay is the 4th largest city in the Mediterranean Region and the 13th largest city in Turkey. Gateway of Silk Road to the Mediterranean Hatay is a province with highland areas and natural formations found in various districts of the province although it has a structure sprawling across many regions which is based on historical assets in general. Geographical Situation of Hatay Antakya, the administrative capital of Hatay The Gateway of Silk Road trade to the Mediterranean Sea www.expo2021hatay.com The Province Hatay, Turkey Geography Economy The province lies about 30 km from the Mediterranean in the alluvial plain The industries dominating the economy in Hatay are mainly trade, agriculture, of the Asi river (the ancient Orontes). It is part of Çukurova (Cilicia), a manufacturing and transportation. The province is a centre for domestic and geographical, economical and cultural region including the provinces of foreign trade both due to its geographical location, and with its agricultural and Mersin, Adana and Osmaniye. industrialDistrictsproduction potential. There was a lake in the plain of Amik but this was drained in the 1970s, The agricultural areas, soil structure, climate and other natural conditions in the and today Amik is now on of the largest of the plains and an important region of Hatay allow product variety, early harvest and growing second crops. It agricultural centre in Turkey. is possible to cultivate four seasons of the year here. Citrus fruits, olive, olive oil, spices, medicinal and aromatic plants as well as Transport iron-steel products and agricultural equipment products are exported from Hatay mainly to the Middle East through Iskenderun Port and Cilvegözü Custom Gate. The province is served by Hatay Airport, as well as inter-city buses. Hatay That’s why Hatay is the province with the largest fleet following Istanbul. Airport is 25 km away from the city centre. Climate Climate data for Hatay Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Hatay is affected by the Mediterranean climate, characterized with hot, arid summers and cool-mild, humid winters. Average high C 12,3 14,5 18,4 22,7 26,5 29,2 31,2 31,9 31,1 27,6 20,1 13,9 23,3 Average low°C 4,5 5,5 8,5 12,2 16,3 20,8 23,8 24,5 21,1 15,4 9,2 5,9 14 Precipitation 172,7 156,8 141,3 101,5 90,4 20,4 21,9 5,9 39,8 74 114,2 172,1 1.111 mm Avg. rainy days 14,2 13,5 12,8 9,8 5,8 2,8 1,9 1,7 3,8 7,5 9,7 13,3 96,8 Mean monthly 105,4 123,2 186 225 297,6 330 356,5 337,9 291 220,1 147 102,3 2.722 sunshine hours Source: General Directorate of State Meteorology Affairs www.expo2021hatay.com History of Humanity History of Hatay is as old as the history of humanity. The evidence of the earliest settlement extends back as far as the Epipaleolithic Period (40.000 - 9.000 BC) and can be seen in the caves found in Samandağ - Çevlik, Antakya - Şenköy and Yayladağ - Üçağızlı. From 9000 BC onwards, The region of Hatay was controlled successively by the Akkadians, the Hurrians, the Hittites, the Assyrians, the Persians, the Macedonians, the Romans, the Arabs, the Byzantines, the Seljuks, the Crusaders, the Mamluks, and the Ottomans. Antakya, the biblical city of Antioch, was founded by Seleucus, one of the heirs to Alexander the Great’s vast empire around the year 300 BC. The Vespasianus Titus Tunnel, Hatay Kurtuluş (Herod) Street, one of Antakya’s main thoroughfares, is said to hold the record for being the first illuminated street; in ancient times it was lit up every night with thousands of torches. (Herod) Street in present time In the 7th century, Antioch was one of five patriarchal centres of the Christian Church, the others being Rome, Alexandria, Jerusalem, and İstanbul (Constantinople). Under the Romans, Antioch, the capital of the province of Syria with a population around 500,000 continued to thrive with commerce and culture. The city became one of the empire’s greatest cities with a considerable Jewish community. The city became the capital of the Seleucid Empire stretching from Macedonia nearly to India. The empire facilitated trade, and Antioch became an important point on the Silk Road, with caravans of luxury goods bringing fabulous wealth and a scandalously sybaritic lifestyle. Home to the finest Roman and Byzantine mosaics and a unique gastronomy meet cultures here. (Herod) Street in ancient time www.expo2021hatay.com Church of Saint Peter Saint Peter came here to preach, and Saints Paul and Barnabas used it as their base for missionary works. It was here that the saints decided to expand their mission to Gentiles calling their followers Christians. Today, Church of Saint Peter is believed to be where the Apostle Peter preached when he visited Antioch and is considered to be one of the earliest Christian houses of worship. In 1963, the Papacy designated the site as a place of pilgrimage and also recognized it as the world's first cathedral. Every year on June 29th, a special service is conducted at the Church of St. Peter that is attended by Christians and clergymen from all over the world. Antioch flourished under the Byzantines until 6th century. Later overrun by the Persians, then the Arabs (700s) and the Seljuk Turks (1084), the city regained importance under the Crusaders (1098) as the capital of their Principality of Antioch, but conquest by the Mamelukes in 1268 saw its utter destruction. Church of Saint Peter, Antakya, Hatay www.expo2021hatay.com Hatay, city of tolerance Hatay was conqured by Persian, Sassanid, Byzantine, Abbasi, Tolunogulları, Akşitler, Hamdanogulları, Seljuk, Crusaders and Mameluks. During the Egypt expedition of Yavuz Sultan Selim, Hatay came under the control of Ottoman. By a plebiscite in 1939 it was returned to Turkey along with the entire Sanjak of Alexandretta, the province now called Hatay. www.expo2021hatay.com Antakya, one of the 52 places to go in 2020: Here’s where the New York Times says you should visit Antakya has rich offerings for its visitors. The draining of Lake Amik and development of land has caused the region's economy to grow in wealth and productivity. The town is a lively shopping and business centre with many restaurants, cinemas and other amenities. The neighbourhood of Harbiye is popular destination of accommodation and entertainment for tourists, but it is also the most beautiful picnic place here. Hatay: The UNESCO City of Gastronomy After being included in the UNESCO Creative Cities Network (UCCN) as a «City of Gastronomy», Hatay is getting better known for its rich, delicious cuisine that is a manifestation of its cultural life. This geography blended by multi-cultural civilisations of the Eastern Mediterranean, Anatolia and Mesopotamia for tens of thousands of years has a good food knowhow for a better life by using ancient knowledge about healthy and delicious food and gastronomy. www.expo2021hatay.com Hatay Archaeology Museum The Hatay Archaeology Museum is known for its extensive collection of Roman and Byzantine Era mosaics. The most famous figures among those depicted by the mosaics are the drunken Dionysos, Orpheus, Dancers, Ariadne Abandoned from Defne (Yakto). Column capitals, a sacrificial altar, a cult image, a bas-relief, a fresco and statues date from the Hittites to Roman periods. www.expo2021hatay.com Antioch, the city is known as "The City of Olympics" and where the world's most spectacular Olympic games were held Antakya Museum Hotel Set on the foundations of the ancient city of Antioch, The Museum Hotel Antakya is a remarkable revival of an ancient heritage site.The Museum Hotel Antakya is awarded an Honourable Mention in Architectural Design by The Design that Educates Awards 2020. The Museum Hotel set on the foundations of ancient Antioch in the heart of modern Antakya. the mosaic unearthed in The Museum Hotel dates back to the 4th century. On the site of an ancient mosaic, an open-air museum and a stunning new hotel www.expo2021hatay.com Antakya, Hatay Iskenderun, Hatay Iskenderun, historically known as Alexandretta, is the other major city in Hatay Province. The city was founded as Alexandria and named after Alexander the Great The city is located on the eastern Mediterranean coast on the Gulf of İskenderun, at the foot of the Nur Mountains (Amanos Mountains). The town is a busy commercial centre and is one of the largest cities in Hatay Province, similar in size to the provincial seat of Antakya. The city is one of Turkey's largest ports on the Mediterranean and an important industrial centre, home to the Isdemir steelworks, one of Turkey's largest. İskenderun has an active, modern life with good hotels, restaurants and cafes along the palm-lined sea front. There is a variety of accommodation for visitors. İskenderun is also an important naval training base. Iskenderun, Hatay www.expo2021hatay.com 2. Theme of Expo 2021 Hatay «Garden of Civilisations» Subthemes of Expo 2021 Hatay A. Sustainable Development and Organic Farming B.