DOCSLIB.ORG

Using the Superensemble Method to Improve Eastern Pacific Tropical Cyclone Forecasting Mark Rickman Jordan II

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Using the Superensemble Method to Improve Eastern Pacific Tropical Cyclone Forecasting Mark Rickman Jordan II Florida State University Libraries Electronic Theses, Treatises and Dissertations The Graduate School 2005 Using the Superensemble Method to Improve Eastern Pacific Tropical Cyclone Forecasting Mark Rickman Jordan II Follow this and additional works at the FSU Digital Library. For more information, please contact [email protected] THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES USING THE SUPERENSEMBLE METHOD TO IMPROVE EASTERN PACIFIC TROPICAL CYCLONE FORECASTING By MARK RICKMAN JORDAN II A Thesis submitted to the Department of Meteorology in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science Degree Awarded: Fall Semester, 2005 The members of the Committee approve the Thesis of Mark Jordan defended on 1 September 2005. _________________________________ T.N. Krishnamurti Professor Directing Thesis _________________________________ Carol Anne Clayson Committee Member _________________________________ Peter S. Ray Committee Member The Office of Graduate Studies has verified and approved the above named committee members. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would first like to thank my major professor, Dr. T.N. Krishnamurti, for all of his help through this process and for his unending encouragement and patience. Furthermore, I would like to thank Dr. Carol Anne Clayson and Dr. Peter Ray for their advice and assistance throughout this process. Thank you Brian Mackey and Dr. Vijay Tallapragada for all of your help and wonderful suggestions during this project. Others who deserve commendation for their assistance during the past year include Mrinal Biswas, Arindam Chakraborty, Akhilesh Mishra, Lydia Stefanova, Donald van Dyke, and Lawrence Pologne. Thank you Bill Walsh for all of your support, advice, and encouragement over the years, and thank you Mike and Beth Rice for your love and support during my entire educational career. Finally, I would like to thank my parents and the rest of my family, for without all of you, I would not be where I am today. This research was funded by NOAA Subcontract Grant 120000586-09 and by ACS Defense Grant ACSD-04-036. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................... vi LIST OF TABLES............................................................................................................. ix ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS........................................................................... x ABSTRACT....................................................................................................................... xi 1. INTRODUCTION ...........................................................................................................1 2. SUPERENSEMBLE METHODOLOGY........................................................................4 2.1 History of Superensemble..................................................................................4 2.2 Superensemble Description ...............................................................................5 2.3 Real-Time Tropical Cyclone Superensemble ....................................................6 2.4 Member Models.................................................................................................8 3. AVERAGE EASTERN PACIFIC SYNOPTIC PATTERN AND OVERVIEW OF 2004 EASTERN PACIFIC HURRICANE SEASON .......................................................12 3.1 Overview..........................................................................................................12 3.2 Eastern Pacific Synoptic Pattern......................................................................12 3.3 2004 Eastern Pacific Hurricane Season ...........................................................20 4. RESULTS ......................................................................................................................23 4.1 Overview..........................................................................................................23 4.2 General Eastern Pacific Superensemble Experiments .....................................23 4.3 Eastern Pacific Superensemble Experiments Using Filtered Training............28 4.4 Potential Explanations for Experimentation Outcomes...................................31 5. CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE WORK ....................................................................60 iv 5.1 Conclusions......................................................................................................60 5.2 Future Work.....................................................................................................61 REFERENCES ..................................................................................................................62 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH .............................................................................................64 v LIST OF FIGURES 1. Schematic of the steps in a tropical cyclone superensemble forecast..............................7 2. Mean surface level streamline analysis over the Pacific for May .................................14 3. Mean surface level streamline analysis over the Pacific for August .............................14 4. Mean 300 hPa level streamline analysis over the Pacific for July and associated mean July tropical cyclone tracks............................................................................................16 5. Mean 300 hPa level streamline analysis over the Pacific for September and associated average September tracks for tropical cyclones.............................................................17 6. Mean monthly sea-surface temperatures for June .........................................................18 7. Mean monthly sea-surface temperatures for August .....................................................18 8. Mean monthly sea-surface temperatures for October....................................................19 9. 2004 Eastern Pacific tropical cyclone tracks .................................................................21 10. Experiment 1 RMS Track Errors .................................................................................34 11. Experiment 1 RMS Intensity Errors ............................................................................35 12. Experiment 2 RMS Track Errors .................................................................................36 13. Experiment 2 RMS Intensity Errors ............................................................................37 14. Experiment 3 RMS Track Errors .................................................................................38 15. Experiment 3 RMS Intensity Errors ............................................................................39 16. Experiment 4 RMS Track Errors .................................................................................40 17. Experiment 4 RMS Intensity Errors ............................................................................41 18. Experiment 5 RMS Track Errors .................................................................................42 19. Experiment 5 RMS Intensity Errors ............................................................................43 20. Experiment 6 RMS Track Errors .................................................................................44 21. Experiment 6 RMS Intensity Errors ............................................................................45 vi 22. Experiment 7 RMS Track Errors .................................................................................46 23. Experiment 7 RMS Intensity Errors ............................................................................47 24. Experiment 8 RMS Track Errors .................................................................................48 25. Experiment 8 RMS Intensity Errors ............................................................................49 26. Experiment 9 RMS Track Errors .................................................................................50 27. Experiment 9 RMS Intensity Errors ............................................................................51 28. Early Times Latitude Model Biases for 2002/2003 Eastern Pacific Training Set (Bias Increment is in Degrees Latitude)......................................................................................52 29. Early Times Latitude Model Biases for 2002/2003 Atlantic Training Set (Bias Increment is in Degrees Latitude)......................................................................................52 30. Actual Early Times Latitude Model Biases of the 2004 Eastern Pacific Numerical Models (Bias Increment is in Degrees Latitude) ...............................................................52 31. Early Times Longitude Model Biases of 2002/2003 Eastern Pacific Training Set (Bias Increment is in Degrees Longitude)...................................................................................53 32. Early Times Longitude Model Biases of 2002/2003 Atlantic Training Set (Bias Increment is in Degrees Longitude)...................................................................................53 33. Actual Early Times Longitude Model Biases of the 2004 Eastern Pacific Numerical Models (Bias Increment is in Degrees Longitude) ............................................................53 34. Early Times Intensity Model Biases of the 2002/2003 Eastern Pacific Training Set (Bias Increment is in m.p.h.)..............................................................................................54 35. Early
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Conference Poster Production
    65th Interdepartmental Hurricane Conference Miami, Florida February 28 - March 3, 2011 Hurricane Earl:September 2, 2010 Ocean and Atmospheric Influences on Tropical Cyclone Predictions: Challenges and Recent Progress S E S S Session 2 I The 2010 Tropical Cyclone Season in Review O N 2 The 2010 Atlantic Hurricane Season: Extremely Active but no U.S. Hurricane Landfalls Eric Blake and John L. Beven II ([email protected]) NOAA/NWS/National Hurricane Center The 2010 Atlantic hurricane season was quite active, with 19 named storms, 12 of which became hurricanes and 5 of which reached major hurricane intensity. These totals are well above the long-term normals of about 11 named storms, 6 hurricanes, and 2 major hurricanes. Although the 2010 season was considerably busier than normal, no hurricanes struck the United States. This was the most active season on record in the Atlantic that did not have a U.S. landfalling hurricane, and was also the second year in a row without a hurricane striking the U.S. coastline. A persistent trough along the east coast of the United States steered many of the hurricanes out to sea, while ridging over the central United States kept any hurricanes over the western part of the Caribbean Sea and Gulf of Mexico farther south over Central America and Mexico. The most significant U.S. impacts occurred with Tropical Storm Hermine, which brought hurricane-force wind gusts to south Texas along with extremely heavy rain, six fatalities, and about $240 million dollars of damage. Hurricane Earl was responsible for four deaths along the east coast of the United States due to very large swells, although the center of the hurricane stayed offshore.
    [Show full text]
  • Texas Hurricane History
    Texas Hurricane History David Roth National Weather Service Camp Springs, MD Table of Contents Preface 3 Climatology of Texas Tropical Cyclones 4 List of Texas Hurricanes 8 Tropical Cyclone Records in Texas 11 Hurricanes of the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries 12 Hurricanes of the Eighteenth and Early Nineteenth Centuries 13 Hurricanes of the Late Nineteenth Century 16 The First Indianola Hurricane - 1875 21 Last Indianola Hurricane (1886)- The Storm That Doomed Texas’ Major Port 24 The Great Galveston Hurricane (1900) 29 Hurricanes of the Early Twentieth Century 31 Corpus Christi’s Devastating Hurricane (1919) 38 San Antonio’s Great Flood – 1921 39 Hurricanes of the Late Twentieth Century 48 Hurricanes of the Early Twenty-First Century 68 Acknowledgments 74 Bibliography 75 Preface Every year, about one hundred tropical disturbances roam the open Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea, and Gulf of Mexico. About fifteen of these become tropical depressions, areas of low pressure with closed wind patterns. Of the fifteen, ten become tropical storms, and six become hurricanes. Every five years, one of the hurricanes will become reach category five status, normally in the western Atlantic or western Caribbean. About every fifty years, one of these extremely intense hurricanes will strike the United States, with disastrous consequences. Texas has seen its share of hurricane activity over the many years it has been inhabited. Nearly five hundred years ago, unlucky Spanish explorers learned firsthand what storms along the coast of the Lone Star State were capable of. Despite these setbacks, Spaniards set down roots across Mexico and Texas and started colonies. Galleons filled with gold and other treasures sank to the bottom of the Gulf, off such locations as Padre and Galveston Islands.
    [Show full text]
  • Climatology, Variability, and Return Periods of Tropical Cyclone Strikes in the Northeastern and Central Pacific Ab Sins Nicholas S
    Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Master's Theses Graduate School March 2019 Climatology, Variability, and Return Periods of Tropical Cyclone Strikes in the Northeastern and Central Pacific aB sins Nicholas S. Grondin Louisiana State University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses Part of the Climate Commons, Meteorology Commons, and the Physical and Environmental Geography Commons Recommended Citation Grondin, Nicholas S., "Climatology, Variability, and Return Periods of Tropical Cyclone Strikes in the Northeastern and Central Pacific asinB s" (2019). LSU Master's Theses. 4864. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses/4864 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Master's Theses by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. CLIMATOLOGY, VARIABILITY, AND RETURN PERIODS OF TROPICAL CYCLONE STRIKES IN THE NORTHEASTERN AND CENTRAL PACIFIC BASINS A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in The Department of Geography and Anthropology by Nicholas S. Grondin B.S. Meteorology, University of South Alabama, 2016 May 2019 Dedication This thesis is dedicated to my family, especially mom, Mim and Pop, for their love and encouragement every step of the way. This thesis is dedicated to my friends and fraternity brothers, especially Dillon, Sarah, Clay, and Courtney, for their friendship and support. This thesis is dedicated to all of my teachers and college professors, especially Mrs.
    [Show full text]
  • Corpus Christi Storm Surge Is an Abnormal Rise of Water Generated by a Storm, Over and Above the Predicted Inundation Astronomical Tides
    About Hurricanes TEXAS DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC SAFETY Hurricanes form over warm 5805 N LAMAR BLVD • BOX 4087 • AUSTIN, TEXAS 78773-0001 ocean waters, like those 512/424-2000 www.dps.texas.gov found in the Gulf of Mexico. The hurricane season starts June 1 and ends November STEVEN C. McCRAW COMMISSION DIRECTOR A. CYNTHIA LEON, CHAIR 30. The peak threat for DAVID G. BAKER MANNY FLORES ROBERT J. BODISCH, SR. FAITH JOHNSON the Texas coast exists from DEPUTY DIRECTORS STEVEN P. MACH RANDY WATSON August through September. Dear Colleagues: However, hurricanes can Hurricanes are deadly and destructive threats to communities along the Texas coastline. Along with high and have struck the Texas winds, tropical systems can produce immense storm surge, violent tornados, and dangerous flooding. coast during every month of the hurricane season. In order to help citizens prepare, the National Weather Service has once again collaborated with local nonprofit organizations and the Texas Department of Public Safety’s Division of Emergency Management to bring you the Official Texas Hurricane Guide. It is especially crucial for coastal residents to plan and prepare for each type of hurricane hazard to prevent and reduce the loss of life and property and improve community resilience. Above: High resolution satellite image of Hurricane Ike This guide is an up-to-date, easy-to-use resource that will help you and your family better understand what over the northwest Gulf of Mexico. Image--NASA to do before, during and after a storm. It will also assist your family with the preparation of a family emergency plan, checklists and a disaster supply kit.
    [Show full text]
  • Extension of the Systematic Approach to Tropical Cyclone Track Forecasting in the Eastern and Central North Pacific
    NPS ARCHIVE 1997.12 BOOTHE, M. NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL Monterey, California THESIS EXTENSION OF THE SYTEMATIC APPROACH TO TROPICAL CYCLONE TRACK FORECASTING IN THE EASTERN AND CENTRAL NORTH PACIFIC by Mark A. Boothe December, 1997 Thesis Co-Advisors: Russell L.Elsberry Lester E. Carr III Thesis B71245 Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. DUDLEY KNOX LIBRARY NAVAl OSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA 93943-5101 REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Form Approved OMB No. 0704-0188 Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instruction, searching casting data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302, and to the Office of Management and Budget, I'aperwork Reduction Project (0704-0188) Washington DC 20503. 1 . AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blank) 2. REPORT DATE 3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED December 1997. Master's Thesis TITLE AND SUBTITLE EXTENSION OF THE SYSTEMATIC 5. FUNDING NUMBERS APPROACH TO TROPICAL CYCLONE TRACK FORECASTING IN THE EASTERN AND CENTRAL NORTH PACIFIC 6. AUTHOR(S) Mark A. Boothe 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDR£SS(ES) PERFORMING Naval Postgraduate School ORGANIZATION Monterey CA 93943-5000 REPORT NUMBER 9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESSEES) 10. SPONSORING/MONTTORIN G AGENCY REPORT NUMBER 11. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES The views expressed in this thesis are those of the author and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense or the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • A LOOK AHEAD NOAA Expects Busy Atlantic Hurricane Season
    NWS Corpus Christi, TX 2010 Summer Edition HURRICANE SEASON IS HERE - HAVING A PLAN COULD SAVE YOUR LIFE! By John Metz — Warning Coordination Meteorologist It’s been 40 years since the last hurricane struck the Coastal Bend area directly in 1970. Her name was Celia and she was classified as a major hurri- cane with wind speeds of 125 mph and gusts to 160 mph. Tens of thousands of homes were damaged or destroyed in the coastal bend by the winds in Celia and 15 people lost their lives. Hurricanes are a big deal and can change your life forever. Yet most of the residents of the coastal bend have never been through a major storm. In fact a couple generations of citizens have grown up in this community that have never experienced a major Hurricane. With hurricane season under- way, we need to take this time understand what hurricanes are all about and prepare so that we can not only survive these incredible storms but recover and resume our lives as quickly as possible. There are four hazards associated with Hurricanes including: Storm Surge, Damaging Winds, Flooding, and Tornadoes. Historically storm surge is the deadliest. Over 1,800 people lost their lives in Hurricane Katrina primarily due to storm surge and the subsequent flooding. The 1900 Galveston Storm claimed 8,000 lives. To under- stand the power of storm surge, you only need to look at the before and after photo’s of the Upper Texas Coast, when Hurricane Ike struck in 2008. Inside this issue: Hurricane force winds can also be very damaging.
    [Show full text]
  • P1.6 Short-Term, Seasonal and Interannual Variability of the Vertical Distribution of Water Vapor Observed by Airs E
    P1.6 SHORT-TERM, SEASONAL AND INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY OF THE VERTICAL DISTRIBUTION OF WATER VAPOR OBSERVED BY AIRS E. T. Olsen*, S. L. Granger, E. J. Fetzer Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 1. INTRODUCTION 3. EXAMPLES OF AIRS WATER VAPOR The Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) consists 3.1 LEVEL 3 GLOBAL WATER VAPOR VERTICAL of a suite of instruments (Aumann et al. 2003) on board DISTRIBUTION the Aqua spacecraft which retrieve atmospheric parameters over the globe at radiosonde quality on a The following three images were derived from the daily basis in non-precipitating conditions with less than AIRS height resolved water vapor Level 3 product. 80% cloud cover. Much of the horizontal variability in Figures 1-3 is Although quantitative global measurements of associated with monsoon systems and Intertropical, water vapor have been available since the 1980's South Pacific and South Atlantic Convergences Zones. (Grody et al. 1980), the vertical resolution of these The distribution of water vapor is highly variable in measurements was very coarse. AIRS provides global the vertical dimension with concentrations varying more coverage amounting to 324,000 precipitable water vapor than four orders of magnitude with height. (Seidel 2002). profiles with spatial resolution at nadir of 45 km. The The progression of Figure1-3 shows the dramatic vertical resolution of AIRS tropospheric is 2 km for the reduction of water vapor with height as measured by the subset of these soundings which result from combined AIRS instrument. microwave and infrared soundings throughout the entire Figure 1 presents the global distribution of total vertical extent of the atmosphere.
    [Show full text]
  • HURRICANE CELIA (EP042016) 6 – 15 July 2016
    NATIONAL HURRICANE CENTER TROPICAL CYCLONE REPORT HURRICANE CELIA (EP042016) 6 – 15 July 2016 Daniel P. Brown National Hurricane Center Chris Jacobson Central Pacific Hurricane Center 25 January 20171 VISIBLE IMAGE OF CELIA NEAR PEAK INTENSITY AT 2205 UTC 11 JULY FROM THE SUOMI NATIONAL POLAR- ORBITING PARTNERSHIP (NPP) SATELITE. IMAGE COURTESY OF THE NASA GODDARD RAPID RESPONSE TEAM. Celia was a category 2 hurricane (on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale) that remained over the open waters of the eastern North Pacific Ocean. 1 Original report dated 25 January 2017. Updated 6 June 2019 to correct intensity at 0600 UTC 10 July in Table 1. Hurricane Celia 2 Hurricane Celia 6 – 15 JULY 2016 SYNOPTIC HISTORY Celia developed from a tropical wave that departed the west coast of Africa on 22 June and crossed the Atlantic Ocean and Caribbean Sea with limited shower activity. The wave crossed Central America on 1 July and moved over the far eastern North Pacific Ocean shortly thereafter, where a favorable phase of the Madden Julian Oscillation (MJO) was passing through. The positive MJO phase helped to cause a gradual increase in convection near the wave during the next few days. On 5 July, a broad area of low pressure developed in association with the wave several hundred n mi south of Manzanillo, Mexico. The low became better defined early the next day, when thunderstorm activity increased and became better organized and a tropical depression formed around 1800 UTC 6 July, about 475 n mi south-southwest of Manzanillo. The “best track” chart of the tropical cyclone’s path is given in Fig.
    [Show full text]
  • Relation Between Tropical Easterly Waves, Convection, and Tropical Cyclogenesis: a Lagrangian Perspective
    AUGUST 2013 L E P P E R T E T A L . 2649 Relation between Tropical Easterly Waves, Convection, and Tropical Cyclogenesis: A Lagrangian Perspective KENNETH D. LEPPERT II AND DANIEL J. CECIL* University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, Alabama, WALTER A. PETERSEN NASA Goddard Space Flight Center/Wallops Flight Facility, Wallops Island, Virginia (Manuscript received 2 August 2012, in final form 3 January 2013) ABSTRACT In this study, a wave-following Lagrangian framework was used to examine the evolution of tropical easterly wave structure, circulation, and convection in the days leading up to and including tropical cyclo- genesis in the Atlantic and east Pacific basins. After easterly waves were separated into northerly, southerly, trough, and ridge phases using the National Centers for Environmental Prediction–National Center for Atmospheric Research reanalysis 700-hPa meridional wind, waves that developed a tropical cyclone [de- veloping waves (DWs)] and waves that never developed a cyclone [nondeveloping waves (NDWs)] were identified. Day zero (D0) was defined as the day on which a tropical depression was identified for DWs or the day the waves achieved maximum 850-hPa vorticity for NDWs. Both waves types were then traced from five days prior to D0 (D 2 5) through one day after D0. Results suggest that as genesis is approached for DWs, the coverage by convection and cold cloudiness (e.g., fractional coverage by infrared brightness temperatures #240 K) increases, while convective intensity (e.g., lightning flash rate) decreases. Therefore, the coverage by convection appears to be more important than the intensity of convection for tropical cyclogenesis.
    [Show full text]
  • Minnesota Weathertalk Newsletter for Friday, January 1, 2010
    Minnesota WeatherTalk Newsletter for Friday, January 1, 2010 To: MPR Morning Edition Crew From: Mark Seeley, University of Minnesota Extension Dept of Soil, Water, and Climate Subject: Minnesota WeatherTalk Newsletter for Friday, January 1, 2010 Headlines: -Preliminary climate summary for December 2009 -Weekly Weather Potpourri -MPR listener question -Almanac for January 1st -Past weather features -Auld Lang Syne -Outlook Topic: Preliminary Climate Summary for December 2009 Mean December temperatures were generally 1 to 2 degrees F cooler than normal for most observers in the state. Extremes for the month ranged from 52 degrees F at Marshall on December 1st to -23 degrees F at Orr on the 12th. Minnesota reported the coldest temperature in the 48 contiguous states on five days during the month. Nearly all observers in the state reported above normal December precipitation, mostly thanks to the winter storms and blizzards on the 8th and 9th and again on the 24th and 25th. Many communities reported three to four times normal December precipitation. Winnebago with 3.05 inches recorded the 2nd wettest December in history, while Lamberton with 3.76 inches also reported their 2nd wettest December in history. Browns Valley in Traverse County reported their wettest December in history with 1.98 inches. Snowfall amounts were well above normal as well. Many climate observers reported over 20 inches. Worthington reported a record amount of snow for December with 34.6 inches, while Fairmont and Lamberton also reported a new record monthly total with 36.3 inches. The blizzard on December 8-9 closed highways and schools in many southeastern communities with winds gusting to 45-50 mph.
    [Show full text]
  • International Journal of Image Processing (Ijip)
    INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMAGE PROCESSING (IJIP) VOLUME 7, ISSUE 4, 2013 EDITED BY DR. NABEEL TAHIR ISSN (Online): 1985-2304 International Journal of Image Processing (IJIP) is published both in traditional paper form and in Internet. This journal is published at the website http://www.cscjournals.org , maintained by Computer Science Journals (CSC Journals), Malaysia. IJIP Journal is a part of CSC Publishers Computer Science Journals http://www.cscjournals.org INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMAGE PROCESSING (IJIP) Book: Volume 7, Issue 4, September 2013 Publishing Date: 15-09-2013 ISSN (Online): 1985-2304 This work is subjected to copyright. All rights are reserved whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, re-use of illusions, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication of parts thereof is permitted only under the provision of the copyright law 1965, in its current version, and permission of use must always be obtained from CSC Publishers. IJIP Journal is a part of CSC Publishers http://www.cscjournals.org © IJIP Journal Published in Malaysia Typesetting: Camera-ready by author, data conversation by CSC Publishing Services – CSC Journals, Malaysia CSC Publishers, 2013 EDITORIAL PREFACE The International Journal of Image Processing (IJIP) is an effective medium for interchange of high quality theoretical and applied research in the Image Processing domain from theoretical research to application development. This is the Fourth Issue of Volume Seven of IJIP. The Journal is published bi-monthly, with papers being peer reviewed to high international standards.
    [Show full text]
  • RA IV Hurricane Committee Thirty-Third Session
    ｄｒ WORLD METEOROLOGICAL ORGANIZATION RA IV HURRICANE COMMITTEE THIRTY­THIRD SESSION GRAND CAYMAN, CAYMAN ISLANDS (8 to 12 March 2011) FINAL REPORT 1. ORGANIZATION OF THE SESSION At the kind invitation of the Government of the Cayman Islands, the thirty­third session of the RA IV Hurricane Committee was held in George Town, Grand Cayman from 8 to 12 March 2011. The opening ceremony commenced at 0830 hours on Tuesday, 8 March 2011. 1.1 Opening of the session 1.1.1 Mr Fred Sambula, Director General of the Cayman Islands National Weather Service, welcomed the participants to the session. He urged that in the face of the annual recurrent threats from tropical cyclones that the Committee review the technical & operational plans with an aim at further refining the Early Warning System to enhance its service delivery to the nations. 1.1.2 Mr Arthur Rolle, President of Regional Association IV (RA IV) opened his remarks by informing the Committee members of the national hazards in RA IV in 2010. He mentioned that the nation of Haiti suffered severe damage from the earthquake in January. He thanked the Governments of France, Canada and the United States for their support to the Government of Haiti in providing meteorological equipment and human resource personnel. He also thanked the Caribbean Meteorological Organization (CMO), the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and others for their support to Haiti. The President spoke on the changes that were made to the hurricane warning systems at the 32 nd session of the Hurricane Committee in Bermuda. He mentioned that the changes may have resulted in the reduced loss of lives in countries impacted by tropical cyclones.
    [Show full text]