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Franko Mirosevic Dubrovacki Kotar U NDH – II

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Franko Mirosevic Dubrovacki Kotar U NDH – II Dubrovački kotar u Nezavisnoj Dravi Hrvatskoj 75 3.8. PRAVO LICE TALIJANSKE OKUPACIJE ad je riječ o prodiranju okupatorske vojske na dubrovačko područje, u Du- Kbrovnik je već 17. travnja 1941. stigao motorizirani njemački odred, a ubrzo za njim ulazi i talijanski motorizirani armijski korpus Druge armije. Dobrodo- licu pridolim odredima poelio je dubrovački gradonačelnik dr. Josip Baljkas. Potom su predstavnici tih odreda na općinskoj zgradi podignuli zastave svojih zemalja. Na putu prema Dubrovniku njemačke jedinice zaposjele su arkovicu, 1941. Srđ, Lapad i područje do Rijeke dubrovačke, ne mijeajući se u civilnu vlast na tome području. Vrlo brzo nakon ulaska talijanskog motoriziranog odreda u Grad je ula i talijanska divizija Marche pod zapovjednitvom generala Giuseppea Ami- coa. Te talijanske oruane snage stigle su iz Albanije zaposjevi zonu Dubrovnik Mostar Metković, a divizije Torino i Littorio zonu Mostar Dubrovnik. 175 17. slika: Ustaki stoernik Ivo Rojnica, dr. J. Baljkas, Tonći Jelich, dr Ante Suđa, teneral Giuseppe Pafundi, J. barbir i druge sluge okupatora na praznome Stradunu prilikom primopredaje Općine u ustake ruke, svibanj 1941. U narednim danima zapovjednik talijanske vojske general Giuseppe Pafundi posjetio je u Kneevom dvoru dubrovačkoga gradonačelnika Baljkasa. Tom su- sretu su nazočile i dubrovački ustae dr. Stijepo Perić, dr. Ante Sugja, dr. Vicko Svilokos, dr. Miho Kisić, dr. Vlaho Buko, Ivo Rojnica i drugi. U pozdravnom 175 Jakić, Mato.1966. Dubrovnik 1941.: 98. 76 Franko Miroević govoru Pafundi je, između ostaloga, rekao: Gospodine načelniče mi smo doli u Hrvatsku kao prijateljska i saveznička vojska. Jugoslavija je razbijena i uspo- stavljena je NDH. Imam nalog od Ducea da surađujem s hrvatskim vlastima i da budem pri ruci oko odravanja reda i mira. Na boravak ovdje je prolazne naravi.176 Događaji koji su slijedili dokazali su da Pafundi nije govorio istinu jer Talijani, to se vrlo brzo pokazalo, nisu u Dubrovniku i dubrovačkom kra- ju namjeravali ostati prolazno, nego su i taj dio Hrvatske anektirali i pripojili Kraljevini Italiji. a) b) c) 18. slika: Dio natpisa (parola) na fasadama i pločnicima Dubrovnika iz svibnja 1941.* * a) Simbioza talijanskih i ustakih napisa na Gradskom zvoniku: U ZA DOM SPRE- MNI; LASSE È INFRANGIBILE (Osovina je nesalomljiva); VICTORIA (Pobjeda); DUE SOLI SONO IN VINCITORI GERMANIA E ITALIA GLI ALTRI SONO I SALVATI (Samo su dva pobjednika: Njemačka i Italija; ostali su spaeni). b) Natpis na zidu Kneeva dvora: ROMA DOMA GERMANIA SPEZZA (Rim pokorava, Njemačka slama). c) Natpis na pločniku ispred Onofrijeve fontane: ROMA CAPUT MUNDI (Rim sredi- te svijeta). Sve prikazane fotografije snimio je Ivo Peko u svibnju 1941. godine. Natpisa je bilo i na ostalim lokalitetima u Gradu, poput: RIM GOSPODARI SVIJETOM, OVDJE OSTAJEMO, RIM SVLADAVA LICEMJERNE BUNTOVNIKE Ispod jedne nacr- tane batine stajao je natpis: STARA, ALI UVIJEK DOBRA itd. 176 Anić, Nikola. 2013. Dubrovnik u Drugom svjetskom ratu (1941. 1945.) Od okupacije do oslobođenja Knjiga prva: 26 i Rojnica, Ivo. 1995. Susreti i doivljaji 1938. 1945.: 58. Dubrovački kotar u Nezavisnoj Dravi Hrvatskoj 77 Nakon to se njemački odred povukao iz Grada, bilo je jasno da ovaj dio Hr- vatske ulazi u talijansku interesnu sferu, to je zabrinulo i dubrovačke ustae koji su se pribojavali da NDH ne izgubi Dalmaciju, pa tako i Dubrovnik. Talijanski vojnici po Dubrovniku su sakupljali i plijenili ratni materijal, oruje, streljivo, hranu, odjeću, obuću i druge predmete do kojih su mogli doći. Većinu sakuplje- nog su nelegalno prodavali ili odvozili u Italiju. Tako su, primjerice, ostavljene automobile izbjeglih Beograđana i Sarajlija, čiji vlasnici su pobjegli u strahu od ustaa, zaplijenili i potom prodavali. Istodobno su raznu robu i materijal, među 1941. kojim je bilo streljiva i oruja, dopremali u luku Gru iz koje su nakrcane bro- dove otpremali prema Italiji. Namjeravali su odnijeti i spomenuti Metrovićev reljef s likom kralja Petra I. Karađorđevića, ali se tome suprotstavila dubrovačka općina, navodeći da autoru reljefa jo nisu potpuno plaćena autorska prva.177 Po fasadama i gradskim pločnicima ispisivani su različiti natpisi (parole) u kojima je izraavana moć okupatora i talijansko prisvajanje Dubrovnika. Dubrovnik je u tim danima osjećao i trpio sve veći talijanski pritisak i oiv- ljavanje iredentističkih pobuda prema Hrvatskoj. Uz ostalo zahtijevano je od vlasnika trgovina da na poslovne prostore ističu talijanske zastave. Kako je vri- jeme odmicalo, iz dana u dan odnosi s talijanskom okupacijskom vlasti su se pogoravali, pa je Talijanska vojna komanda ubrzo potpuno zabranila isticanje hrvatskih zastava.178 Talijanski okupatori imali su cilj da provedu i organiziraju ne samo vojnu nego i civilnu upravu na području čitavoga dubrovačkoga kotara. Iz izvjeća ci- vilnoga komesara za Dalmaciju vidljivo je da su eljeli stvoriti i osvojiti cjelovitu Dalmaciju, sve do Kotora. Takvo ponaanje talijanskih okupatora stvorilo je ve- liko antitalijansko raspoloenje čitavoga dubrovačkog stanovnitva, a ne samo ustaa i proustakih elemenata. Na okupiranomu dubrovačkom području talijanski zapovjednici uspostavili su talijansku vojnu vlast i utvrdili da Dubrovnik, kao ni Split i Trogir, nisu vie Mletački, ali su uočili da je na tom području itekako promijenjen nacionalni sastav stanovnitva te da većinu ne čine Talijani, nego Hrvati. Na temelju toga zaključka zapovjednik Eugenio Coseleschi u izvjeću Komandi Druge armije ukazuje na potrebu da talijanska okupacijska vlast vodi politiku punog osje- ćaja i razumijevanja za probleme s ciljem da se uspostavi talijanski utjecaj, i to ne samo politički nego i duhovni. Dok su Talijani bili uvjereni da će nakon pregovora između Italije i NDH-a o razgraničenju i Dubrovnik biti anektiran, dubrovački ustae su mislili obratno. Vjerovali su da su Talijani u Gradu samo 177 HDA. SDS. RSUP. Fond 1561, 152. 178 urić-Scotti Neva. 1985. Talijanki okupacioni sistem na dubrovačkom tlu (1941. 1945.): 1020. 78 Franko Miroević prolazno i da će se nakon razgraničenja povući. Kako bilo da bilo, kad je riječ o Dubrovniku to pitanje tada nije rijeeno. Mussolini to pitanje nije rijeio sa svo- jim tićenikom Pavelićem, o čemu je ustako vodstvo vodilo računa. Smatrali su da se, u procesu organizacije ustake vlasti, u Dubrovniku moraju provoditi nastojanja da se ustae i ustake formacije na dubrovačkomu području zadre; osobito nakon formiranja Zapovjednitva hrvatskog orunitva.179 19. slika: Mimohod talijanske vojske Stradunom 1941. Odmah nakon ulaska talijanskih vojnih postrojbi u Dubrovniku je započela čistka među slubenicima javne uprave, a zatim među dravnim slubenicima, učiteljima i drugim javnim djelatnicima. Istodobno s nacionalnim čistkama u organima uprave, sudstvu i prosvjeti, talijanska okupacijska vojna vlast pozor- no je pratila sve one koji su bili potencijalni protivnici talijanske vlasti. Tako je, iz dana u dan, karakter okupacijske vlasti bio sve jasniji. Ogledalo se naročito u nepriznanju organa NDH-a, to je u Dubrovniku izazivalo ogorčenje i ukaziva- lo na vidljive začetke zaotravanja talijansko-ustakih odnosa. Talijanizacija je naročito dola do izraaja prilikom i nakon potpisivanja Rimskih ugovora, to će u nastavku biti posebna tema. I pored svega prilikom govora u sjeditu Ustake komande u Dubrovniku ista- knuti ustaki ideolog Ivan Oranić naglasio je kako će, nakon odlaska talijanskih 179 Ibid. 1019. Dubrovački kotar u Nezavisnoj Dravi Hrvatskoj 79 jedinica iz Dubrovnika, ustae ponovno preuzeti vlast i isčupati srpski korov iz hrvatskih gradova, a unititi i sve one koji su protiv ustake vlasti.180 3.9. ZLOGLASNI RIMSKI UGOVORI ri utvrđivanju gra- Pnica NDH-a prema Italiji Pavelić se nadao 1941. njemačkoj potpori, ali je ona izostala. Da- lji hrvatsko-talijanski pregovori vođeni su diplomatskim kanali- ma. U pregovorima je Pavelić, pristajući na ustupke, izmijenio svoj raniji prijedlog. Na toj osnovi 7. svibnja 1941. u slovenskome mjestu Triću odrani su za- 20. slika: Potpisivanje Rimskih ugovora* vrni razgovori između Pavelića i Mussolinija. Pregovori su vođeni 25. travnja 1941. u Ljubljani, gdje su se sastali poglavnik Ante Pavelića i talijanski ministar vanjskih poslova grof Gelleazzo Ciano. U pregovorima je Dubrovnik bio u sreditu pozornosti ustaa iz Dalmacije okupljenih oko Pavelića, među kojima je bio i dubrovački odvjetnik i jedan od prvih dubrovačkih ustaa dr. Stijepo Perić.181 I Ciano je doao s veli- kom svitom talijanskih generala, diplomata i gospodarskih stručnjaka i zatraio je cjelokupno područje juno od crte Ogulin Livno Mostar, u to je ulazio i Dubrovnik zajedno s čitavim područjem dalmatinske obale. U svom govoru naglasio je talijansko pravo na Dalmaciju i vojnu potrebu svoje zemlje za Jadran- skim morem, ali je diplomatski naglaavao i velike simpatije Italije prema mladoj *Kako je poznato, Ugovori su potpisani 18. svibnja 1941., s dugoročnim kobnim poslje- dicama za stanovnike Istre, Hrvatskoga primorja i Dalmacije. Dravnu delegaciju NDH-a na potpisivanju je predvodio poglavnik Ante Pavelić, a uza nj su bili Slavko Kvaternik, ministar vojske i Mladen Lorković, ministar vanjskih poslova. Na slici se slijeva nadesno vide: Mladen Lorković, Slavko Kvaternik i Ante Pavelić (sjede) i ministar vanjskih poslova Kraljevine Italije Galeazzo Ciano (stoji). 180 Ibid. 1039. 181 Pobjegao je 1945. iz Hrvatske. U jednom emigrantskom listu pisao je da ovakva nepovoljna podjela Dalmacije za NDH isključivo je rezultat Pavelićeva pokornog dranja prema Mussolinijevim zahtjevima. 80 Franko Miroević hrvatskoj
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