Chapter 11: Ladders Matching 1
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44 A NSWER KEY © Jones & Bartlett Learning. Photographed by Glen E. Ellman. by Photographed © Jones & Bartlett Learning. Glen E. Ellman. by Photographed © Jones & Bartlett Learning. 3. Remove any flooring, such as carpet, tile, or 4. Secure the area around the hole to prevent others floorboards that have been loosened. Cut a working in the area from falling through the hole. similar-size opening into the subfloor, until the proper-size hole is achieved. (pages 368–369) Chapter 11: Ladders Matching 1. A (page 380) 3. H (page 379) 5. J (page 379) 7. F (page 378) 9. G (page 378) 2. B (page 378) 4. E (page 380) 6. D (page 378) 8. I (page 379) 10. C (page 378) Multiple Choice 1. C (page 379) 8. A (page 419) 15. D (page 378) 22. B (page 389) 2. A (page 382) 9. A (page 380) 16. C (page 382) 23. C (page 378) 3. C (page 418) 10. B (page 378) 17. C (page 391) 24. B (page 379) 4. B (page 388) 11. D (page 380) 18. D (page 406) 25. B (page 381) 5. D (page 390) 12. C (page 394) 19. D (page 404) 26. A (page 382) 6. C (page 383) 13. B (page 387) 20. A (page 381) 27. D (page 379) 7. A (page 377) 14. B (page 406) 21. A (page 394) 28. A (page 378) Chapter 11: Ladders 45 Labeling Label the following diagram with the correct terms. 1. Basic components of an extension ladder. A. Fly section A. Fly Section B. Guides B. Guides C. Pulley D. Halyard E. Pawl C. Pulley F. Bed Section G. Butt or heel (page 379) D. Halyard E. Pawl F. Bed Section G. Butt or Heel © Jones & Bartlett Learning. Vocabulary 1. Guides: Strips of metal or wood that guide a fly section of an extension ladder as it is being extended. (page 379) 2. Ladder belt: A piece of equipment specifically designed to secure a fire fighter to a ladder or elevated surface. (page 420) 3. Heat sensor label: A label that identifies when the ladder has been exposed to specific heat conditions that could damage its structural integrity. (page 379) 4. Tie rod: Metal bar that runs from one beam of the ladder to the other and keeps the beams from separating. Tie rods are typically found in wood ladders. (page 379) 5. Roof hooks: Spring-loaded, retractable, curved metal pieces that are attached to the tip of a roof ladder. These hooks are used to secure the tip of the ladder to the peak of a pitched roof. (page 381) 6. Protection plates: Reinforcing pieces that are placed on a ladder at chaffing and contact points to prevent damage from friction or contact with other surfaces. (page 379) 7. Pawls: The mechanical locking devices used to secure the extended fly sections of an extension ladder. They are sometimes called dogs, ladder locks, or rung locks. (page 379) 8. Bed section: The widest section of an extension ladder. It serves as the base; all other sections are raised from the bed section. (page 379) 9. Halyard: The rope or cable used to extend or hoist the fly sections of an extension ladder. (page 379) 10. Pulley: A small grooved wheel that is used to change the direction of the halyard pull. A downward pull on the halyard creates an upward force on the fly sections, extending the ladder. (page 380) 46 A NSWER KEY Fill-In 1. extension (page 382) 7. straight (page 381) 2. leg lock (page 420) 8. rungs (page 378) 3. combination (page 382) 9. Aerial (page 380) 4. three (page 419) 10. ramps (page 377) 5. ground (page 376) 11. manufacturer’s (page 384) 6. webbing (page 418) True/False 1. F (page 377) 4. T (page 376) 7. F (page 395) 10. T (page 377) 2. F (page 378) 5. F (page 417) 8. F (page 381) 11. F (page 424) 3. F (page 379) 6. T (page 390) 9. T (page 416) 12. F (page 378) Short Answer 1. Basic considerations when lifting a ground ladder include (Students should include five of the following): (1) When fire fighters are working as a team to lift a ladder, one fire fighter must act as the leader. (2) The lead fire fighter needs to call the intended movements using two-step commands. (3) There should be a prearranged method in place for determining the lead fire fighter for ladder lifts. (4) Good lifting technique must be used. (5) When bending, bend at the knees and keep the back straight. (6) Lift and lower the load with the legs, rather than the back. (7) Take care to avoid twisting motions. (page 393) 2. Basic considerations when descending a ground ladder include (Students should include five of the following): (1) Before starting to descend, take time to ensure the ladder is at an appropriate angle. (2) Be sure the ladder is on stable footing and that someone is heeling the ladder. (3) Communicate to the person footing the ladder. (4) If you are holding a tool, establish a secure grip that will allow you to maintain good contact. (5) As you descend, face the ladder, keeping your back perpendicular with the ground and your arms almost fully extended. (6) Maintain three-point contact as you descend, keeping two hands and one foot or two feet and one hand on the ladder. (7) Have the arches of your feet on the rungs. (8) Descend slowly, avoid sudden movements, and stay in the middle of the ladder. (9) Minimize bouncing and swaying. (10) Do not overload the ladder. (page 423) 3. The three basic types of beam construction are: (1) Trussed beam: Has a top rail and a bottom rail, which are joined by a series of smaller pieces called truss blocks. The rungs are attached to the truss blocks. Trussed beams are usually constructed of aluminum or wood. (2) I-beam: Has thick sections at the top and the bottom, which are connected by a thinner section. The rungs are attached to the thinner section of the beam. This type of beam is usually made from fiberglass. (3) Solid beam: Has a simple rectangular cross-section. Many wooden ladders have solid beams. Rectangular aluminum beams, which are usually hollow or C shaped, are also classified as solid beams. (page 378) 4. Fundamental ladder maintenance tasks are (Students should include five of the following): (1) Clean and lubricate the pawls, following the manufacturer’s instructions. (2) Clean and lubricate the slides on extension ladders in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations. (3) Replace worn halyards and wire rope on extension ladders when they fray or kink. (4) Clean and lubricate hooks. Remove rust and other contaminants and lubricate the folding roof hook assemblies on roof ladders to keep them operational. (5) Check the heat sensor labels. Replace the sensors when they reach their expiration date. Remove from service a ladder that has been exposed to high temperatures for testing. (6) Maintain the finish on fiberglass and wooden ladders in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations. (7) Ensure that portable ladders are not painted except for the top and bottom 18 inches (45.2 centimeters) of each section, because paint can hide structural defects in the ladder. The tip and butt are painted for purposes of identification and visibility. (8) Maintenance records should be kept. (page 385) Chapter 11: Ladders 47 Fire Alarms 1. Remove the roof ladder from the apparatus. Choose an appropriate ladder carry for the obstacles you will have to maneuver around. Deploy the roof ladder up the extension ladder. Remember to use a leg lock or ladder belt to secure yourself to the ladder. Place the roof ladder on the roof, ensuring the hooks are pointing down. (page 422) 2. Think safety first. A person who is in extreme danger may not wait to be rescued. Jumpers risk their own lives and may endanger the fire fighters trying to rescue them. Several fire fighters have been seriously injured by persons who jumped before a rescue could be completed. A trapped person might try to jump onto the tip of an approaching ladder, or reach out for anything or anyone nearby. You might be pulled or pushed off the ladder by the person you are trying to rescue. (page 390) Skill Drills Skill Drill 11-1: Inspect, Clean, and Maintain a Ladder Fire Fighter I, NFPA 1001: 4.5.1 Test your knowledge of this skill drill by filling in the correct words in the photo captions. 1. Clean all components following manufacturer and national standards. Visually inspect the ladder for wear and damage. 2. Lubricate the ladder pawls, guides, and pulleys using the recommended material. 3. Perform a functional check of all components. 4. Complete the maintenance record for the ladder. Tag and remove the ladder from service if deficiencies are found. Return the ladder to the apparatus or storage area. (pages 386–387) Skill Drill 11-2: One–Fire Fighter Shoulder Carry Fire Fighter I, NFPA 1001: 4.3.6 Test your knowledge of this skill drill by filling in the correct words in the photo captions. 1. Start with the ladder mounted in a bracket or standing on one beam. Locate the center of the ladder. Grasp the two rungs on either side of the middle rung. 2. Lift the ladder and rest it on your shoulder. 3. Walk carefully with the butt end first and pointed slightly downward. (page 394) Skill Drill 11-3: Two–Fire Fighter Shoulder Carry Fire Fighter I, NFPA 1001: 4.3.6 Test your knowledge of this skill drill by filling in the correct words in the photo captions.