Ficus Microcarpa L F

Common Forest Trees of Hawaii (Native and Introduced)

Chinese banyan cultivation and can be found occasionally in the forest. Near homes, it seeds prolifically in drain pipes and gut- Ficus microcarpa L f. ters where small deposits of silt permit rooting. Actu- ally, only 469 trees of this species are reported as hav- Mulberry family (Moraceae) ing been planted in the Forest Reserves. It does, how- ever, serve as a representative of the genus, of which at Post-Cook introduction least 33 other species have also been planted in the forests (about 60 spp. have been introduced). The three most This large ornamental tree of the fig genus, planted in common in the forests are Port Jackson fig, Ficus parks and gardens, is distinguished by its short trunk rubiginosa Desf. (40,000 trees planted), Moreton Bay and very dense broad rounded crown, by small dark fig, Ficus macrophylla Desf. (36,000 trees), and rough- green elliptical leaves with very small figlike fruits paired leaf fig, Ficus nota Merr. (25,000 trees). at base, by numerous aerial roots about trunk or hang- The dense crowns are frequently trimmed into ing hairlike from lower branches, and by the milky juice rounded shapes. Rooting of cuttings is uncertain, but or white latex exuding from cuts. sometimes successful. Better results have been obtained Large evergreen introduced tree to 65 ft (20 m) high, by air layering or marcottage, in which a fairly large the trunk to 3 ft (0.9 m) and often with buttresses at branch can be used. In some places this tree is consid- base, crown often broader than tall, hairless throughout. ered objectionable because of its size, the litter of the Bark smooth, gray. Inner bark whitish and tasteless but numerous fruits, or because a thrips insect may deform containing slightly bitter latex. Twigs slender, gray, end- the foliage and may irritate the eyes of persons beneath 3 ing in long-pointed green scale (stipule) ⁄8 inch (1 cm) the tree. or less in length, which forms bud and leaves ring scar at leaf base upon shedding. Special area 1 3 Leaves alternate on leafstalks of ⁄4Ð ⁄8 inch (6Ð10 Foster 1 5 1 mm). Blades 1 ⁄2Ð3 inches (4Ð7.5 cm) long and ⁄8Ð1 ⁄2 inches (1.5Ð4 cm) wide, short-pointed at both ends and Champion often nearly diamond-shaped (rhomboidal), with Height 104 ft (31.7 m), c.b.h. 90.1 ft (27.5 m), spread midvein and two main side veins from base along tooth- 195 ft (59.4 m). Keaau Village, Puna, Hawaii (1968). less margin, thick and leathery, upper surface dark green This banyan with trunks and air roots grown together and slightly shiny, lower surface paler. has the greatest trunk circumference and greatest crown As flowers in this genus of figs are not visible, ft spread of all Hawaiian champions. appears that the trees have fruits but no flowers. The figlike multiple fruit (syconium), actually a compound Range fruit, corresponds to an enlarged overgrown flower stalk Native of India and Malaysia but widely planted in tropi- bearing on inner walls numerous tiny male and female cal regions. flowers (monoecious) and the small seeds, each techni- cally a fruit from a single flower. This species has small Planted in southern Florida, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin rounded figlike fruits paired and stalkless at leaf bases, Islands and elsewhere in tropical America for ornament 5 about ⁄16 inch (8 mm) in diameter, with tiny pointed and shade. It is a popular tree of plazas or town squares. 1 opening at apex and three pointed scales (bracts) ⁄16 inch (1.5 mm) long at base, green, turning yellow or reddish Other common names at maturity. Inside the fruit are many tiny male and fe- Malayan banyan, Indialaurel fig; laurel de la India (Span- male flowers (monoecious) and seeds. Fruiting prob- ish); jaguey (Puerto Rico); fig (Virgin Islands); nunu ably through the year. (N. Marianas); lulk (Palau) Sapwood whitish and heartwood light brown. Wood is moderately heavy (sp. gr. 0.50), marked by terminal Botanical synonym parenchyma, with growth rings, soft and easy to work, Ficus nitida Thunb., not Blume. Formerly referred to as very susceptible to attack by dry-wood termites. F. retusa L. This is a common species of the genus grown as an ornamental in lowlands of Hawaii. It has escaped from

This information is from Agriculture Handbook no. 679 by Elbert L. Little Jr. and Roger G. Skolmen, published by the Forest Service, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, in 1989. Its present format is that of a reprint version published by the College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2003. Common Forest Trees of Hawaii (Native and Introduced)

Chinese banyan Ficus microcarpa L f. Twig with fruits, 1 X (P.R. v. 1).