DOCSLIB.ORG

Kant, Heidegger and the Problem of Indifference: from Reason to Releasement

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Kant, Heidegger and the Problem of Indifference: from Reason to Releasement Kant, Heidegger and the Problem of Indifference: From Reason to Releasement By Nicholas Poole BA, University of British Columbia, 2013 A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in the Department of Political Science © Nicholas Poole, 2016 University of Victoria All rights reserved. This thesis may not be reproduced in whole or in part, by photocopy or other means, without the permission of the author. ii Supervisory Committee Kant, Heidegger, and the Problem of Indifference: From Reason to Releasement by Nicholas Poole BA, University of British Columbia, 2013 Supervisory Committee Arthur Kroker (Department of Political Science) Supervisor James Tully (Department of Political Science) Departmental Member iii Abstract Supervisory Committee Arthur Kroker (Department of Political Science) Supervisor James Tully (Department of Political Science) Departmental Member This thesis presents a study of Immanuel Kant and Martin Heidegger on the theme of indifference. There are two main argumentative trajectories. First, I establish the coherency of indifference as a unifying theme across both of their works. Specifically, it will be shown that for both thinkers indifference emerges as a “problem” bound up with the history of western metaphysics tending towards nihilism. For Kant, this appears as a problem of reason, and for Heidegger a loss of Being. Their responses to this problem can also be seen as broadly analogous: Both are concerned to demonstrate how a certain “authentic” relation to the inner possibility of metaphysics is possible, and do so without assuming anything in advance about the being for whom metaphysics is an issue. Second, I aim to show that Heidegger’s notion of indifference, as a closure of ecstatic time and loss of Being, more sufficiently accounts for the breadth of indifference as an experiential phenomenon, as well as makes possible a “turning” (Verwindung) of this closed mode into an kind of “open indifference” that makes possible the presencing of things. From the perspective of Heidegger’s response to the problem of indifference, Kant’s response will be shown to regenerate the very problem he seeks to overcome. iv Table of Contents Supervisory Committee ...................................................................................................... ii Abstract .............................................................................................................................. iii Table of Contents ............................................................................................................... iv Acknowledgments .............................................................................................................. vi Dedication ......................................................................................................................... vii Preface ................................................................................................................................. 1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 4 Chapter One “The Mother of Chaos and the Night in the Sciences:” Kant and Indifferentism ............ 12 I. Pre-Critical Metaphysics and the Emergence of Indifferentism ............................... 17 II. Indifferentism as Constitutive Problematic .............................................................. 23 III. The Promise of Reason: Indifferentism and Critique ............................................. 47 IV. Summary and Conclusion ....................................................................................... 94 Chapter Two From Kant to Heidegger: The Problem of Foundation ..................................................... 98 I. The Grounds for the Authority of Reason: Apperception and Temporality in the Kantian Ground-Laying .................................. 102 II. Undermining the Grounds of Reason: Temporality and the Imagination in Heidegger’s Ab-Grund ...................................... 121 III. Methodology and Presupposition: Transcendental Deduction and Phenomeological Hermeneutics ................................ 148 IV. Summary & Conclusion ....................................................................................... 180 Chapter Three “The Unworld of the Abandonment of Being:” Heidegger and Ontological Indifference ......................................................................... 184 I. The Case for Ontological Indifference: From Being and Time to Enframing ......... 191 II. Overcoming Indifference: Letting and Releasing, “Poetically Man Dwells…” .... 235 v III. Kant Revisited: The Regulation of Indifference ................................................... 267 Conclusion ...................................................................................................................... 274 Works Cited .................................................................................................................... 281 Appendix ......................................................................................................................... 285 vi Acknowledgments The writing of this thesis was, at every step, supported by teachers, friends and family, without whom this work would not be possible. I would especially like to thank Laura Janara, Arthur Kroker, and Jim Tully for your continual support and encouragement over the last several years. Your guidance and inspiration have been invaluable. I would like to thank Julian Evans, Nick Graham, Jamin Huntley, Carol Linnitt, Kim Smith, Nicola Temmel, and Dustin Zielke. My three years in Victoria are defined by your friendship, and no amount of thanks can express my gratitude and fortune. I would like to thank my family: Bob, Peggy, Brandon and Luke. This work is only possible in the horizon of your love. And my dog, Argos, for keeping me company when things weren’t going so well. Finally, I would like to thank the fields, streams, rivers and mountains with whom much of the thinking of this thesis was done. vii Dedication For my brothers Preface Heidegger once said that philosophy begins in the restless time of homesickness, and I have come to see that it is no accident that indifference, a marker of the homesickness that I feel, should appear to me as a question for thinking. At the outset, indifference presented itself to me as an interesting albeit enigmatic concept for thinking. While it seemed to inhabit the same sphere as other (perhaps more popular) concepts, like apathy or disavowal, it itself appeared more nebulous, harder to define, containing a myriad of possible senses. Undoubtedly, the tonality was initially in a minor key: a burden or problem, something to feel guilty about, since care is preferred. Yet, I could by no means shake indifference so easily, and attempting to do so often seemed to exacerbate its negative potency. But why? And what is indifference anyway? These questions were always going to be asked in relation to the history of philosophy, for not only did my concerns arise in relation to the question of indifference, but I was also committed to a dedicated study of two thinkers in the Western tradition that are, in some sense, foundational. I wanted my initial foray into graduate studies to both introduce me more fully into some of the dominant trends in contemporary thought as well as prepare me for a more direct engagement with them. Of course, no single project can fully accomplish this, yet I thought Kant and Heidegger – whom I already was somewhat acquainted with – might be a good place to start. To say that they are “foundational” as a reason for study is, however, to underplay their significance, although accounting for this is admittedly difficult. Only in hindsight, I 2 think, can the reasons for my interest be understood, and even now it is not entirely clear, for plenty of other philosophers also captivated me at the onset of my studies and through them. I suppose one reason is that they simply made sense to me (at least I thought they did) amidst a good deal of stuff that did not seem to make sense. And this opening was enough for me to dig deeper. Thus my initial interest need not imply a valuation—my stance was never to become a committed Kantian or Heideggerian, nor was I bent on denouncing them. Amidst all the opinions about these thinkers I simply wanted to understand them, and this study evidences my attempt in this respect. But they also spoke about indifference—indeed in odd yet thematically coherent ways. From my initial appraisals of the concept in both their works I was presented with a possible structural continuity; that they could speak to each-other along this theme. The question of indifference in general, then, quickly became a question of the meaning of indifference in these two thinkers, and my thematic and interpretative aims coincided. The choice to do a comparative argument between two thinkers along a single concept did not strike me as audacious or unmanageable. In fact quite the opposite. Nor did it strike me as requiring any more than the typical length of a Masters thesis. As I continued along the project, however, and not until very late on, did I confront the fact that the topic I had chosen actually required more consideration than I had anticipated. Indifference, in both Kant and Heidegger, proved slippery, extending itself into domains concealed from me at the outset, but that nonetheless seemed essential for
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Holy See
    The Holy See APOSTOLIC JOURNEY OF HIS HOLINESS BENEDICT XVI TO BRAZIL ON THE OCCASION OF THE FIFTH GENERAL CONFERENCE OF THE BISHOPS OF LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN INAUGURAL SESSION OF THE FIFTH GENERAL CONFERENCE OF THE BISHOPS OF LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN ADDRESS OF HIS HOLINESS BENEDICT XVI Conference Hall, Shrine of Aparecida Sunday, 13 May 2007 Dear Brother Bishops, beloved priests, religious men and women and laypeople, Dear observers from other religious confessions: It gives me great joy to be here today with you to inaugurate the Fifth General Conference of the Bishops of Latin America and the Caribbean, which is being held close to the Shrine of Our Lady of Aparecida, Patroness of Brazil. I would like to begin with words of thanksgiving and praise to God for the great gift of the Christian faith to the peoples of this Continent. Likewise, I am most grateful for the kind words of Cardinal Francisco Javier Errázuriz Ossa, Archbishop of Santiago and President of CELAM, spoken in his own name, on behalf of the other two Presidents and for all the participants in this General Conference. 1. The Christian faith in Latin America Faith in God has animated the life and culture of these nations for more than five centuries. From the encounter between that faith and the indigenous peoples, there has emerged the rich Christian culture of this Continent, expressed in art, music, literature, and above all, in the religious traditions and in the peoples’ whole way of being, united as they are by a shared history and a 2 shared creed that give rise to a great underlying harmony, despite the diversity of cultures and languages.
    [Show full text]
  • One Hundred Years of Thomism Aeterni Patris and Afterwards a Symposium
    One Hundred Years of Thomism Aeterni Patris and Afterwards A Symposium Edited By Victor B. Brezik, C.S.B, CENTER FOR THOMISTIC STUDIES University of St. Thomas Houston, Texas 77006 ~ NIHIL OBSTAT: ReverendJamesK. Contents Farge, C.S.B. Censor Deputatus INTRODUCTION . 1 IMPRIMATUR: LOOKING AT THE PAST . 5 Most Reverend John L. Morkovsky, S.T.D. A Remembrance Of Pope Leo XIII: The Encyclical Aeterni Patris, Leonard E. Boyle,O.P. 7 Bishop of Galveston-Houston Commentary, James A. Weisheipl, O.P. ..23 January 6, 1981 The Legacy Of Etienne Gilson, Armand A. Maurer,C.S.B . .28 The Legacy Of Jacques Maritain, Christian Philosopher, First Printing: April 1981 Donald A. Gallagher. .45 LOOKING AT THE PRESENT. .61 Copyright©1981 by The Center For Thomistic Studies Reflections On Christian Philosophy, All rights reserved. No part of this book may be used or Ralph McInerny . .63 reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written Thomism And Today's Crisis In Moral Values, Michael permission, except in the case of brief quotations embodied in Bertram Crowe . .74 critical articles and reviews. For information, write to The Transcendental Thomism, A Critical Assessment, Center For Thomistic Studies, 3812 Montrose Boulevard, Robert J. Henle, S.J. 90 Houston, Texas 77006. LOOKING AT THE FUTURE. .117 Library of Congress catalog card number: 80-70377 Can St. Thomas Speak To The Modem World?, Leo Sweeney, S.J. .119 The Future Of Thomistic Metaphysics, ISBN 0-9605456-0-3 Joseph Owens, C.Ss.R. .142 EPILOGUE. .163 The New Center And The Intellectualism Of St. Thomas, Printed in the United States of America Vernon J.
    [Show full text]
  • Some Insights from John Wesley and ‘The People Called Methodists’
    DENOMINATIONAL IDENTITY IN A WORLD OF THEOLOGICAL INDIFFERENTISM: SOME INSIGHTS FROM JOHN WESLEY AND ‘THE PEOPLE CALLED METHODISTS’ David B. McEwan This article has been peer reviewed. This article examines the importance of denominational identity for the early Methodists and its implications for us today. John Wesley clearly believed God had raised up the Methodists to live and proclaim the message of scriptural holiness. The challenge of maintaining the ethos of the Methodist communities required close attention to those critical elements that shaped both their lives and their beliefs. Evidence is presented of Wesley’s commitment to focus on the ‘essentials’ that defined his movement, while leaving room for diversity on ‘non-essentials’ to allow for cooperation in mission between different Christian traditions. Having identified these critical elements in Wesley’s own day, the question is asked how this might be applied today, not only in a local church setting but also for those involved in theological education and ministerial formation. ____________________________________________________ Introduction In the last ten years or so there has been a spate of books, articles, and conferences expressing concern about evangelical identity and denominational identity. Recently the Assemblies of God raised questions about the current importance and practice of speaking in tongues within their movement. Many Reformed denominations are seeking to return to a more robust form of Calvinism and my own denomination (Church of the Nazarene) is concerned about the loss of our Wesleyan heritage, particularly the emphasis on holiness of heart and life. The focus of this paper is not to examine whether the current concerns are valid, nor is it to examine all the possible reasons for this loss of ‘identity.’ Instead, I want to look briefly at one particular concern highlighted by many denominational scholars and leaders— Aldersgate Papers, vol.
    [Show full text]
  • A Dissertation Submitted in Partial Satisfaction of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy
    UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO PUBLIC CATHOLICISM AND RELIGIOUS PLURALISM IN AMERICA: THE ADAPTATION OF A RELIGIOUS CULTURE TO THE CIRCUMSTANCE OF DIVERSITY, AND ITS IMPLICATIONS A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Sociology by Michael J. Agliardo, SJ Committee in charge: Professor Richard Madsen, Chair Professor John H. Evans Professor David Pellow Professor Joel Robbins Professor Gershon Shafir 2008 Copyright Michael J. Agliardo, SJ, 2008 All rights reserved. The Dissertation of Michael Joseph Agliardo is approved, and it is acceptable in quality and form for publication on microfilm and electronically: Chair University of California, San Diego 2008 iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Signature Page ......................................................................................................................... iii Table of Contents......................................................................................................................iv List Abbreviations and Acronyms ............................................................................................vi List of Graphs ......................................................................................................................... vii Acknowledgments ................................................................................................................. viii Vita.............................................................................................................................................x
    [Show full text]
  • Current Theology Christian Co-Operation
    CURRENT THEOLOGY CHRISTIAN CO-OPERATION One of the most striking characteristics of the religious scene today is the assertion of a growing will among Christians to work together for a more human and Christian world-order, in the face of concerted, organized, and implacable forces that threaten to destroy the possibility of it. Christian co­ operation among men of different creeds in the interests of social reconstruc­ tion is a fact. The fact, of course, is simply massive in England. In the United States it has nowhere near the same proportions, but it is likely that it may assume them. The fact posits an essentialJy theological problem, that is being increas­ ingly felt as such by theologians. One of them writes: "The Catholic heart warms to such high and noble endeavor; the Catholic theologian knows it involves association with heretics and scents danger and difficulty. This attitude of the theologian, if left vague and confused, can cause misunder­ standing: to the layman, full of the possibilities of fruitful co--0peration, it can seem retrograde, unhelpful, suspicious of his zeal and enthusiasm in a good cause."1 It is, consequently, not surprising that a layman writes: "One of the next tasks in theology is, it seems to me, to dear up the prin­ ciples of that co-operation of men of different creeds which is required by the common good of temporal society." 2 Moreover, it has been pointed out by the Editor of Blackfriars that the task is not at all simple: "The whole question ... demands careful and pre­ cise theological expression to show how far colJaboration is possible.
    [Show full text]
  • Encountering the Enlightenment: Science, Religion, and Catholic Epistemologies Across the Spanish Atlantic, 1687-1813
    Encountering the Enlightenment: Science, Religion, and Catholic Epistemologies across the Spanish Atlantic, 1687-1813 by Copyright 2016 George Alan Klaeren Submitted to the graduate degree program in History and the Graduate Faculty of the University of Kansas in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. _______________________________ Chairperson Dr. Luis Corteguera _______________________________ Dr. Elizabeth Kuznesof _______________________________ Dr. Robert Schwaller _______________________________ Dr. Marta Vicente _______________________________ Dr. Santa Arias Date Defended: February 23, 2017 ii The Dissertation Committee for George Alan Klaeren certifies that this is the approved version of the following dissertation: Encountering the Enlightenment: Science, Religion, and Catholic Epistemologies across the Spanish Atlantic, 1687-1813 _________________________________ Chairperson Dr. Luis Corteguera Date approved: February 23, 2017 iii ABSTRACT During the eighteenth century, a wave of thought inundated the Spanish empire, introducing new knowledge in the natural sciences, religion, and philosophy, and importantly, questioning the very modes of perceiving and ascertaining this knowledge. This period of epistemic rupture in Spain and her colonies, commonly referred to as the Enlightenment, not only presented new ways of knowing, but inspired impassioned debates among leading intellectuals about the epistemology and philosophy that continued throughout the century. The previous scholarly literature
    [Show full text]
  • The Geopolitics of the Catholic Church John Agnewa a Department of Geography, University of California at Los Angeles, CA, USA
    This article was downloaded by: [University of California, Los Angeles] On: 17 December 2010 Access details: Access Details: [subscription number 918974530] Publisher Routledge Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37- 41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK Geopolitics Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/title~content=t713635150 Deus Vult: The Geopolitics of the Catholic Church John Agnewa a Department of Geography, University of California at Los Angeles, CA, USA Online publication date: 12 February 2010 To cite this Article Agnew, John(2010) 'Deus Vult: The Geopolitics of the Catholic Church', Geopolitics, 15: 1, 39 — 61 To link to this Article: DOI: 10.1080/14650040903420388 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14650040903420388 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Full terms and conditions of use: http://www.informaworld.com/terms-and-conditions-of-access.pdf This article may be used for research, teaching and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, re-distribution, re-selling, loan or sub-licensing, systematic supply or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. The accuracy of any instructions, formulae and drug doses should be independently verified with primary sources. The publisher shall not be liable for any loss, actions, claims, proceedings, demand or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with or arising out of the use of this material.
    [Show full text]
  • The Catholic Church and the Holocaust, 1930–1965 Ii Introduction Introduction Iii
    Introduction i The Catholic Church and the Holocaust, 1930–1965 ii Introduction Introduction iii The Catholic Church and the Holocaust, 1930 –1965 Michael Phayer INDIANA UNIVERSITY PRESS Bloomington and Indianapolis iv Introduction This book is a publication of Indiana University Press 601 North Morton Street Bloomington, IN 47404-3797 USA http://www.indiana.edu/~iupress Telephone orders 800-842-6796 Fax orders 812-855-7931 Orders by e-mail [email protected] © 2000 by John Michael Phayer All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and re- cording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. The Association of Ameri- can University Presses’ Resolution on Permissions constitutes the only exception to this prohibition. The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Sciences—Perma- nence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1984. Manufactured in the United States of America Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Phayer, Michael, date. The Catholic Church and the Holocaust, 1930–1965 / Michael Phayer. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-253-33725-9 (alk. paper) 1. Pius XII, Pope, 1876–1958—Relations with Jews. 2. Judaism —Relations—Catholic Church. 3. Catholic Church—Relations— Judaism. 4. Holocaust, Jewish (1939–1945) 5. World War, 1939– 1945—Religious aspects—Catholic Church. 6. Christianity and an- tisemitism—History—20th century. I. Title. BX1378 .P49 2000 282'.09'044—dc21 99-087415 ISBN 0-253-21471-8 (pbk.) 2 3 4 5 6 05 04 03 02 01 Introduction v C O N T E N T S Acknowledgments ix Introduction xi 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Caritas in Veritate
    The Holy See ENCYCLICAL LETTER CARITAS IN VERITATE OF THE SUPREME PONTIFF BENEDICT XVI TO THE BISHOPS PRIESTS AND DEACONS MEN AND WOMEN RELIGIOUS THE LAY FAITHFUL AND ALL PEOPLE OF GOOD WILL ON INTEGRAL HUMAN DEVELOPMENT IN CHARITY AND TRUTH INTRODUCTION 1. Charity in truth, to which Jesus Christ bore witness by his earthly life and especially by his death and resurrection, is the principal driving force behind the authentic development of every person and of all humanity. Love — caritas — is an extraordinary force which leads people to opt for courageous and generous engagement in the field of justice and peace. It is a force that has its origin in God, Eternal Love and Absolute Truth. Each person finds his good by adherence to God's plan for him, in order to realize it fully: in this plan, he finds his truth, and through adherence to this truth he becomes free (cf. Jn 8:32). To defend the truth, to articulate it with humility and conviction, and to bear witness to it in life are therefore exacting and indispensable forms of charity. Charity, in fact, “rejoices in the truth” (1 Cor 13:6). All people feel the interior impulse to love authentically: love and truth never abandon them completely, because these are the vocation planted by God in the heart and mind of every human person. The search for love and truth is purified and liberated by Jesus Christ from the impoverishment that our humanity brings to it, and he reveals to us in all its fullness the initiative of love and the plan for true life that God has prepared for us.
    [Show full text]
  • A MORAL EVALUATION of the STATE's GUARANTEE of RELIGIOUS and ETHICAL LIBERTY the Guarantee to Be Evaluated May Be Described in a Few Words
    A MORAL EVALUATION OF THE STATE'S GUARANTEE OF RELIGIOUS AND ETHICAL LIBERTY The guarantee to be evaluated may be described in a few words. The state pledges, by its internal law or by treaty, that it will protect persons within its jurisdiction against molestation in the exercise of their religious and ethical beliefs, and that this exercise, as such, will not deprive them of any benefit provided by the state's laws. The pledge is, of course, limited by operation of laws that safeguard the peace of the state and security of its residents. Our evaluation will be made by inquiring into the moral object, intent and effects of the acts by which the state gives and implements the guarantee. If the state, or at least its chief organ, be an individual prince, no one but a Macchiavellian will question this approach to our task. Certainly the man whose political power is absolute is still a man, obliged by his human nature and God's will to know the relation of his every concrete act to his ultimate end, and to choose in each such act means that will lead him to that end. When a prince pledges toleration, his act has a dual impact upon the moral order. As a concrete human act, it is either an act of sin or an act of virtue, according as it impedes or advances the prince's progress to moral perfection and salvation. But because his act makes law, it also affects his moral rights and the moral obligations of his subjects.
    [Show full text]
  • Fictions and Ideals of Ecclesial Unity in Enlightenment Germany Ulrich Lehner Marquette University, [email protected]
    Marquette University e-Publications@Marquette Theology Faculty Research and Publications Theology, Department of 1-1-2012 The Ghosts of Westphalia: Fictions and Ideals of Ecclesial Unity in Enlightenment Germany Ulrich Lehner Marquette University, [email protected] Published version. "Ghosts of Westphalia: Fictions and Ideals of Ecclesial Unity in Enlightenment Germany," in Man of the Church: Honoring the Theology, Life, and Witness of Ralph Del Colle. Ed. Michel René Barnes. Eugene, Or.: Wipf and Stock Publishers: Pickwick Publications, 2012: 283-302. Publisher Link. © 2012 Wipf and Stock Publishers. Used with permission. 20 Ghosts of Westphalia: Fictions and Ideals of Ecclesial Unity in Enlightenment Germany• ULRICH L. LEHNER M u eH OF RALPH DEL Colle's work has been devoted to the study of the beliefs and practices that Christian churches share, and it is therefore fitting to reflect on sorne ecumenical projects of the past and the histori­ cal context in which they developed For the purpose of this paper, the period after the Thirty Years War and the Peace ofWestphalia (referred to as Westphalia) is of particular interest because the Holy Roman Empire was a hotbed of ecumenical disputes. I willlook first at a few legal instru­ ments ofWestphalia for obtaining religious peace and emphasize the fact that this "constitution" of the empire entailed the explicit command for a reunification of the churches. These instruments, such as parity and nonsectarian jurisprudence, prepared the way for an irenic approach to theological differences with an eye toward a reunion of faiths. At the same time, however, they also impeded any potenti al reunion because of their political consequences.
    [Show full text]
  • An Introductory Dictionary of Theology and Religious Studies
    An Introductory Dictionary of Theology and Religious Studies An Introductory Dictionary of Theology and Religious Studies Edited by Orlando O. Espín and James B. Nickoloff A Michael Glazier Book LITURGICAL PRESS Collegeville, Minnesota www.litpress.org A Michael Glazier Book published by Liturgical Press. Cover design by David Manahan, o.s.b. Cover symbol by Frank Kacmarcik, obl.s.b. © 2007 by Order of Saint Benedict, Collegeville, Minnesota. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form, by print, microfilm, microfiche, mechanical recording, photocopying, translation, or by any other means, known or yet unknown, for any purpose except brief quotations in reviews, without the previous written permission of Liturgical Press, Saint John’s Abbey, P.O. Box 7500, Collegeville, Minnesota 56321-7500. Printed in the United States of America. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data An introductory dictionary of theology and religious studies / edited by Orlando O. Espín and James B. Nickoloff. p. cm. “A Michael Glazier book.” ISBN-13: 978-0-8146-5856-7 (alk. paper) 1. Religion—Dictionaries. 2. Religions—Dictionaries. I. Espín, Orlando O. II. Nickoloff, James B. BL31.I68 2007 200.3—dc22 2007030890 We dedicate this dictionary to Ricardo and Robert, for their constant support over many years. Contents List of Entries ix Introduction and Acknowledgments xxxi Entries 1 Contributors 1519 vii List of Entries AARON “AD LIMINA” VISITS ALBIGENSIANS ABBA ADONAI ALBRIGHT, WILLIAM FOXWELL ABBASIDS ADOPTIONISM
    [Show full text]