TKS Broadens Its Horizons – Flight Magazine, 1983
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BUSINESS AVIATION TKS broadens its horizons TKS, maker of liquid de-icing Looking to the future, equipment, is steadily expan Piper, Cessna, and Mooney ding its horizons in general (the latter with the M30 pres"- aviation and other fields. The surised single) are among system is approved on several most of the major GA manu light twins, with others pend facturers to whom TKS is ing; work on the 125 continues talking about new installa at a good pace; and TKS is tions. talking to several big manu TKS has recently been facturers with a view to future involved with a Nasa Langley installations. laminar flow research TKS's system uses a series programme. Results showed it of porous stainless steel to be the only de-icing panels for leading edges, systems that could be exuding glycol-based fluid. tolerated on the particular Either an anti-icing mode aerofoil sections under (giving a protective film) or consideration. A not entirely de-icing mode (chemically unexpected bonus showed up breaking the bond of existing Before and after: the light twin wing above is seen with a I in ice layer. by the trials is the system's ice) is possible. It has several Below is the same wing 2min 15sec after switching on the TKS strip apparent ability to induce bug major advantages for general removal from critical leading aviation and especially light edges. aircraft, a principal one being The company is also the flush fit, which means involved in a project study minimal drag and for a major airliner performance penalty. Dry manufacturer concerning a weight can be around half that very efficient 150-passenger of a pneumatic system; power design. Standard de-icing demand for the electric pumps using engine bleed-air has is typically 60W, and can be been discarded because of met by an aircraft battery in engine power losses, and TKS an emergency; and it is very is the baseline system for simple to use, not requiring comparison with other the pilot to wait for the right methods. Bleeding hot air thickness, as with pneumatic for de-icing can be measurably boots. TKS also claims that expensive when ultimate with normal use the system fuel efficiency is being sought. can last the lifetime of the The fuel uplift for one aircraft. Experience has popular type of medium-sized shown that a panel (average porous strips recessed into included the Shackleton, airliner is an extra 8001b length 30in) still works if leading edges was first fitted Corvette, and VFW614. per flight hour if flight in dented, although will need on the Avro York, later seeing Current aircraft include the known icing conditions is replacing if badly distorted. use in such venerable types as Sea King and Skyvan, with predicted. TKS itself was formed in the Viking, Tudor, Dove, the 125 accounting for the 1942, although it has nearly Hermes, and Bristol biggest proportion of busi 50 years' experience of ice Freighter. The present-day ness. Windscreen de-icing protection work in conjunc system was introduced on the Light twins currently tion with parent company Twin Pioneer in 1953 and approved for flight into icing Apart from these serious Kilfrost. An early system of aircraft since then have with the system are the Gulf- research projects, which look stream Cougar and Beech like bearing fruit for the TKS strips are fitted Duchess, although approval is future, TKS has another more to the deflector pending for a system on the immediate project in shields in front of Piper Aztec and Seminole, investigating use of its own the air intakes on plus Partenavia P68B. Day patented liquid (TKS 80) in many Sea Kings. weight of the whole alcohol windscreen de-icer They proved to be system—panels, nylon tubing, panels used on the Twin valuable assets in pumps and tank—is an aver Otter. Use of the latter system the frequent icing age of around 401b. Tank size is to be discontinued following conditions of the is a large lOgal on the Cougar, a nasty accident in Canada Falklands conflict but more usually around 3gal. where a leak led to an in-flight Average cost for a light twin is fire. The pilot managed to £6,000, plus about £1,000 for force-land the aircraft but was installation. This covers burned so badly he is unlikely wings, tailplane, fin, and to fly professionally again. propellers, to which the liquid Substitute electric windshield is piped via slip rings. The panels are expensive, (around liquid itself is basically 80 per $11,000 per installation), but cent mono-ethylene-glycol the TKS liquid, which is and 20 per cent de-ionised inflammable, could be used water, although the exact composition of TKS's own brew is a company secret. continued on page 648 FLIGHT International, 12 March 1983 647 BUSINESS AVIATION PRIVATE FLIGHTOFflCtAL ORGAN OF THE ROYAL AERO CLUB with existing equipment. Wind-tunnel and flam- mability trials have been successful. Procedures for installing the equipment in "new" types are now well-established. The aircraft's leading-edge profile and size is measured, and its stagnation point determined at various angles of attack. Size of panels is then decided, and the interna1, "plumbing" arranged to suit the particular structure. For each panel a supply pipe and air bleed is required, via small tubes in the leading-edge skin which A tricycle version is now available of the Sonerai 11 homebuilt design from Monnett Experimental Aircraft normally do not affect struc (Oshkosh, Wisconsin). Engine is still a Volkswagen conversion tural integrity. Civil Aviation design approval is held for this sort of work. Elstree- based Cabair has been Composite Transpolar record planned involved with several installa tions having overseen work on homebuilt SAN FRANCISCO record set by Henry Beaird in five Cougars, a Seminole, and a Learjet 24, taking 65hr 38 P68. Brooke Knapp plans to make min. launched a round-the-world flight via Brooke Knapp flew with the poles, following her world two copilots and a ground SAN ANTONIO ~ transglobal record flight in a engineer. Eleven scheduled Learjet 35 (reported in World plus one unscheduled land Flight trials A composite four-seat home News last week). The existing ings were made. Usual cruise built design, is now being polar record is 54hr 12 min, altitude was 40,000ft. Before installation, a datum flight-tested from San set by a Pan Am Boeing 747 in About 800 n.m. after take flight is made to establish Antonio, Texas. The West Air 1977 from San Francisco. off from Guam while en route performance figures for the 204T has a low-wing tailwheel Total distance was some to Majuro (1,611 n.m. away) a aircraft. It is then flown "dry" configuration and has been 26,382 miles. Knapp needs an fuel transfer problem devel with the installation fitted but. developed over the last four aircraft with longer range oped. After diverting to not in use, and then with the years by Western Aircraft. than the Lear 35. A Learjet Ponape, crew chief James system working in clear air to Engine is a 200 h.p. 55, Falcon 50, or Gulfstream Mogill diagnosed a stuck check its flow distribution. Lycoming, turbocharged and III is being considered, and transfer pump but managed to The leading-edges are painted fuel-injected, driving a average stage length could be fix it, and refuel the aircraft, in crack-detecting fluid for constant-speed propeller. as much as 4,000 miles. in 57min. this. One of the bonuses from Gross weight is 2,7251b with The newly established Apart from this, turn-round a liquid system such as this is an empty weight of 1,4001b, record of 50hr 22min 42sec, time ranged from 15-27min, the "spread back" over the and cruise speed is expected to covering some 19,874 n.m., with a best of 8min at Manila, surface. be more than 200 m.p.h. with has been approved by the US including refuelling and The effect on performance a possible range of 1,400 National Aeronautic Associ replenishing supplies. Repre naturally varies with type but miles. A tricycle gear version ation and has been submitted sentatives of the British is generally negligible. In the is planned, and later aircraft to the FAI, along with 11 Women Pilots Association original Duchess trial, for could have a 285 h.p. engine. other speed records over and Universal Weather (who instance, the system added The company is at 10718 courses en route. Class was arranged flight planning) merely lkt to the landing- Sentinel, San Antonio, TX ClF (Group III), covering the were at London's Stansted configuration stall, and took 78217: tel (512) 655-6813. 6,000-9,000kg weight class. It Airport to meet the Learjet for just 40ft off the single-engined beat a nearly 13-years-old a 3.55 a.m. arrival. climb rate at 3,500ft, Several installations for Schweizer is now marketing kits for the 1-36 Sprite sailplane. Prices range single-engine aircraft are Briefings... from $12,995 for a complete kit. Schweizer is at PO Box 147. Elmira, N. Y. being investigated at present, and the advent of several new The US Aircraft Owners American aircraft in this area and Pilots Association now could well bring TKS a lot has a record membership of more business. As it is, the 265,000. Pilot licences issued company expects at least to last year were up 14 • 1 per cent triple its turnover by 1984 on those for 1981, bearing out with present commitments Aopa's optimism reported in and future projects.