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Experience of Ukraine in Soviet Times Pokhilko, O., Ivanova, I., Martynenko, D. / Volume 9 - Issue 32: 70-80 / August, 2020 70 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.34069/AI/2020.32.08.8 National Identity Formation under Statelessness: Experience of Ukraine in Soviet Times Формування національної ідентичності в умовах бездержавності: досвід України в радянський період Received: June 15, 2020 Accepted: August 21, 2020 Written by: Olena Pokhilko28 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1247-146X Iryna Ivanova29 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9873-1677 Daria Martynenko30 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5123-6473 Abstract Аннотация The issue of national identity is multifaceted, Вопрос национальной идентичности является disputable and extremely important in modern многогранным, дискуссионным и society, being one of the factors that determine its чрезвычайно важным в современном vitality. This paper presents the look at the problem обществе, являясь одним из факторов, from pedagogical perspective. The authors aim to определяющих его жизнеспособность. В explore the peculiarities of the formation of данной работе представлен взгляд на Ukrainian national identity in native intelligentsia проблему с педагогической точки зрения. under Ukrainian statelessness in Soviet times using Авторы имеют целью исследовать the life and activity of Yurii Stupak as an example. особенности формирования украинской Yurii Stupak is a notable representative of национальной идентичности отечественной Ukrainian intelligentsia, an educator, scholar, интеллигенции в условиях literary studies expert, art critic, local history бесгосударственности советского времени, researcher, the author of numerous works in на примере жизни и деятельности Юрия history of education and ethno-pedagogy. The Ступака. Юрий Ступак – выдающийся study uses qualitative methodology and is founded представитель украинской интеллигенции, on the laws and categories of scientific research. педагог, ученый, литературовед, The researchers applied modern research искусствовед, краевед, автор approaches (personality oriented, cultural, многочисленных трудов по истории personified, interdisciplinary) and methods образования и этнопедагогики. (general scientific analysis, comparison, Методологическая основа исследования generalization, systematization; textual analysis, представлена законами и категориями elaboration of the source base and научного познания. В процессе исследования historiographical work on the selected problem; применены современные научные подходы the method of retrospective analysis). The authors (личностно ориентированный, have established that formation of the personality культурологический, персонифицированный, of Yurii Stupak as a teacher and scholar was междисциплинарный) и методы influenced by numerous socio-political, socio- (общенаучные – анализ, сравнение, economic, cultural-educational and personal обобщение, систематизация; конкретно- factors. The authors prove the decisive impact of научные – текстологический, family education and learning from nationally ретроспективный и синхронный анализ, conscious teachers at higher education institutions историко-хронологический). Авторы as well as self-education and will for constant доказывают решающее влияние семейного personal and professional development on воспитания и обучения в национально 28 PhD in Education, Sumy State University, Lecturer of the Chair of Language Training for Foreign Citizens, Ukraine. 29 PhD in Education, Associate Professor, Sumy State Pedagogical University named after A. S. Makarenko, Head of the Chair of Russian Language, Foreign Literature and Methods of their Teaching, Ukraine. 30 PhD in Education, Sumy State Pedagogical University named after A. S. Makarenko, Lecturer of Chair of Pedagogics, Ukraine. www.amazoniainvestiga.info ISSN 2322 - 6307 Volume 9 - Issue 32 / August 2020 71 facilitating the continuity of the process of сознательных преподавателей высших formation of Ukrainian national identity in the учебных заведений, самовоспитания и native intelligentsia during the investigated period. стремления к постоянному личностному и It is confirmed that national identity does not профессиональному depend on the existence of sovereign statehood, самосовершенствованию на непрерывность but it stimulates its revival. процесса формирования украинской национальной идентичности в отечественной Key Words: national identity, Soviet time, интеллигенции в течение исследуемого statelessness, Ukrainian experience, Yu. Stupak. периода, чему не помешало даже отсутствие собственной государственности. Авторами доказано, что национальная идентичность не зависит от наличия суверенного государства, но она стимулирует его возрождение. Ключевые слова: национальная идентичность, советские времена, бесгосударственность, украинский опыт, Ю. Ступак. Introduction The question of the national identity is research papers on the history of pedagogy and multifaceted, debatable, and at the same time ethno-pedagogy, one of the first educators of the extremely important in modern society, making Soviet era, who appealed to the folk-pedagogical it a very viable one. In the context of sources of education of the younger generation. globalization trends and European integration His conscientious and productive work in the aspirations of Ukraine, the problem of formation educational field contributed to the formation of and transformation of Ukrainian national identity several generations of not only skilled but also has become much more relevant. It is stated in nationally conscious teachers-practitioners. the Laws of Ukraine “On Education”(2017), “On Higher Education” (2014), National Strategy for Theoretical framework the Development of Education in Ukraine for the period till 2021 (2013), Strategy of National The study of Ukrainian national identity Patriotic Education of Children and Youth for formation in the native intelligentsia under the 2016–2020 (2015), Concepts of National Ukrainian statelessness in Soviet Union times Patriotic Education of Children and Youth requires exploration of historiographic works of (2015) and other normative documents. Ukrainian scholars, among which we distinguish Representatives of the political establishments, the memoirs and other works of direct various branches of science and culture turn to participants of the process, as well as archival highlighting the peculiarities of this process. sources. However, the period of Ukrainian statelessness in Soviet times has not been studied enough. The concept of identity attracts the attention of Therefore, at the present stage, the names of scholars from different regions of the world those leaders of the Ukrainian national idea (I. Martínez, E. Rodríguez, T. Makarova, etc.) In should be remembered, who, despite the tough Ukraine the problem of national, socio-cultural, social and political circumstances, cultivated regional identity is interdisciplinary, so scholars their own Ukrainian national identity and from both the social science and humanities contributed to its formation in youth of that time, (O. Mandebura, T. Potapchuk, T. Tatanenko, in particular by bringing them to the rich spiritual etc.) have addressed it in their works. The world of Ukrainians. Under Ukrainian peculiarities of formation and transformation of statelessness in Soviet times, first of all, it this phenomenon have become the subject of concerns representatives of the sphere of culture, attention of researchers when considering more education, science, and those professions, which general issues, such as the development of provided wide opportunities for influence on education, science and culture on the territory of different segments of the population. In this Ukraine in the Soviet period (V. Artyukh, context, we would like to address the figure of L. Berezivska, O. Homotiuk, G. Ivanushchenko, Yurii Stupak (1911–1979), a pedagogue, a M. Kostytskyi, M. Pantiuk, V. Pitov, I. Prokop, literary scholar, a folklorist, an art historian, a V. Sadivnichy, O. Sukhomlisnka, O. Cheremska local ethnographer, an author of the numerous and others), their formation as separate http:// www.amazoniainvestiga.info ISSN 2322 - 6307 72 institutions (V. Bakirov, L. Korzh, national idea under the conditions of Ukrainian O. Riabchenko, M. Yarmachenko, etc.), the statelessness during Soviet Union times. position of educators and pedagogical intelligentsia (M. Bystra, O. Bulgakova, Results and discussion O. Kashaba, V. Marochko, L. Misinkevych, G. Hillig, etc.). The memoirs and other works of Modern scholars are unanimous in their thought the direct participants of this phenomenon make that development of a national identity is an a significant part of the source base of the important component of the concept of problem under study (O. Vertii, M. Danko, personality, formation of which occurs in Y. Sambros, Yu. Stupak, O. Sukhomlynska, childhood under the influence of the family V. Sukhomlynsky, etc.). environment, friends and acquaintances; later other centers of socialization get involved in this In the course of historical and pedagogical process, such as preschool institutions, schools, research on the study of Yurii Stupak’s life and extracurricular institutions, institutions of higher activity, it was also necessary to refer to archival education, etc. (Tatanenko, 2010; Potapchuk, documents, in particular from the State Archives 2011). It is the education that becomes an of Sumy Region, where the personal fund of the instrument which is able to teach people to scholar “Stupak Yuriy Petrovych” (Fond R- defend their identity using powerful resources
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