The Prefecture of Messinia
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Genetics of the Peloponnesean Populations and the Theory of Extinction of the Medieval Peloponnesean Greeks
European Journal of Human Genetics (2017) 25, 637–645 Official journal of The European Society of Human Genetics www.nature.com/ejhg ARTICLE Genetics of the peloponnesean populations and the theory of extinction of the medieval peloponnesean Greeks George Stamatoyannopoulos*,1, Aritra Bose2, Athanasios Teodosiadis3, Fotis Tsetsos2, Anna Plantinga4, Nikoletta Psatha5, Nikos Zogas6, Evangelia Yannaki6, Pierre Zalloua7, Kenneth K Kidd8, Brian L Browning4,9, John Stamatoyannopoulos3,10, Peristera Paschou11 and Petros Drineas2 Peloponnese has been one of the cradles of the Classical European civilization and an important contributor to the ancient European history. It has also been the subject of a controversy about the ancestry of its population. In a theory hotly debated by scholars for over 170 years, the German historian Jacob Philipp Fallmerayer proposed that the medieval Peloponneseans were totally extinguished by Slavic and Avar invaders and replaced by Slavic settlers during the 6th century CE. Here we use 2.5 million single-nucleotide polymorphisms to investigate the genetic structure of Peloponnesean populations in a sample of 241 individuals originating from all districts of the peninsula and to examine predictions of the theory of replacement of the medieval Peloponneseans by Slavs. We find considerable heterogeneity of Peloponnesean populations exemplified by genetically distinct subpopulations and by gene flow gradients within Peloponnese. By principal component analysis (PCA) and ADMIXTURE analysis the Peloponneseans are clearly distinguishable from the populations of the Slavic homeland and are very similar to Sicilians and Italians. Using a novel method of quantitative analysis of ADMIXTURE output we find that the Slavic ancestry of Peloponnesean subpopulations ranges from 0.2 to 14.4%. -
Early Mycenaean Arkadia: Space and Place(S) of an Inland and Mountainous Region
Early Mycenaean Arkadia: Space and Place(s) of an Inland and Mountainous Region Eleni Salavoura1 Abstract: The concept of space is an abstract and sometimes a conventional term, but places – where people dwell, (inter)act and gain experiences – contribute decisively to the formation of the main characteristics and the identity of its residents. Arkadia, in the heart of the Peloponnese, is a landlocked country with small valleys and basins surrounded by high mountains, which, according to the ancient literature, offered to its inhabitants a hard and laborious life. Its rough terrain made Arkadia always a less attractive area for archaeological investigation. However, due to its position in the centre of the Peloponnese, Arkadia is an inevitable passage for anyone moving along or across the peninsula. The long life of small and medium-sized agrarian communities undoubtedly owes more to their foundation at crossroads connecting the inland with the Peloponnesian coast, than to their potential for economic growth based on the resources of the land. However, sites such as Analipsis, on its east-southeastern borders, the cemetery at Palaiokastro and the ash altar on Mount Lykaion, both in the southwest part of Arkadia, indicate that the area had a Bronze Age past, and raise many new questions. In this paper, I discuss the role of Arkadia in early Mycenaean times based on settlement patterns and excavation data, and I investigate the relation of these inland communities with high-ranking central places. In other words, this is an attempt to set place(s) into space, supporting the idea that the central region of the Peloponnese was a separated, but not isolated part of it, comprising regions that are also diversified among themselves. -
The Helot Revolt of Sparta Greece
464 B.C. The Helot Revolt of Sparta Greece Sparta, at first, was only the Messenia and Laconia territories, and later the Spartans (previously known as the Dorians) came and took over those territories. Those places they conquered had other residents who were captured and used them as Spartan “slaves” (also known as Helots) for the growing nation. However, these Helots were not the property of anyone or under the control of a specific person. They worked for Sparta in general, and since the Dorians couldn’t do agriculture, they made the Helots do the work. The Dorians were “Barbarians,” note them taking over territories. Unlike the slaves that we know today, these ones were able to go wherever they want in Spartan territory and they could live normal lives like the Spartans.The Helots lived in houses together for a plot of land that they worked on. They were allowed families, to go away from their house and make cash for themselves. Occasionally, the Helots would be assigned to help out in the military. However, not all Helots were happy where they were at. Around 660 B.C., the Spartans attacked the Argives, who demolished the Spartans. The report of Sparta’s lost gave encouragement to the Helots who started a revolt against Sparta, which is now known as the Second Messenian War. The Spartans were fighting to gain back control, but they were outnumbered seven Helots to one Spartan. The details about this war were concealed, and very little information is known about what happened in the war. -
Earthquake: Detailed Study of a Normal Fault, Evidences for East-West Extension in the Hellenic Arc H Lyon-Caen, R
The 1986 Kalamata (South Peloponnesus) Earthquake: Detailed Study of a Normal Fault, Evidences for East-West Extension in the Hellenic Arc H Lyon-Caen, R. Armijo, J Drakopoulos, J Baskoutass, N Delibassis, R. Gaulon, V Kouskouna, J Latoussakis, K. Makropoulos, P Papadimitriou, et al. To cite this version: H Lyon-Caen, R. Armijo, J Drakopoulos, J Baskoutass, N Delibassis, et al.. The 1986 Kalamata (South Peloponnesus) Earthquake: Detailed Study of a Normal Fault, Evidences for East-West Extension in the Hellenic Arc. Journal of Geophysical Research, American Geophysical Union, 1988, 93, pp.967 - 982. hal-01994159 HAL Id: hal-01994159 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01994159 Submitted on 25 Jan 2019 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, VOL. 93, NO. B12, PAGES 14,967-15,000, DECEMBER 10, 1988 The 1986Kalemate (South Peloponnesus) Earthquake' Detailed Study of a Normal Fault, Evidences for East-West Extension in the Hellenic Arc H. LYON-CAEN,1 R. ARMIJO,2 J. DRAKOPOULOS,3'4 J. BASKOUTASS,4 N. DELIBASSIS,3 R. GAULON,1 V. KOUSKOUNA,3 J. LATOUSSAKIS,4 K. MAKROPOULOS,3 P. -
INFOPACK for PARTICIPANTS Description of the Project
Social entrepreneurship for a fair society… for a hopeful future Programme: Erasmus+ KA1: Mobility of Youth Workers. Activity: Training course Addressed to: Active and enthusiastic youth workers or people that work in different fields of social economy, employees or volunteers of the partner organizations and active groups of the region with a direct interest in youth employability. Organiser: Koukouva Social Cooperative Enterprise Project Ref. Number: 2019-3-EL02-KA105-005338 Dates: 07 – 13 June 2020 (excluding travel days) INFOPACK FOR PARTICIPANTS Description of the project As a cooperative, our dreams matched with the values of social economy and we found many solutions through its structures, but we also came across plenty of practices that raised a num- ber of concerns. Thus, recognizing the needs of the current social and economic conditions of most of European countries, as well as the different paths that could be taken due to them and being big support- ers of social economy, we decided to apply for this multinational training course. Through this training course, we intent to host youth workers and people who work in social economy in different countries so that we will together explore the field, exchange good prac- tices and create tools that we can use to facilitate young people understand social economy and its values, find their skills and how they can use them through it. • create a common understanding about the social OBJECTIVES values of Social Economy and how it can bring us closer to a more fair society, • explore the field of social economy and employ- ability in the different countries • create tools that could help the understanding and decision making of young people around social entrepreneurship, • provide, exchange and create tools about plan- ning and developing a social entrepreneurship • enforce youth workers with knowledge and tools on social economy and social entrepreneurship • create a network under common values for fu- ture collaboration. -
Euboea and Athens
Euboea and Athens Proceedings of a Colloquium in Memory of Malcolm B. Wallace Athens 26-27 June 2009 2011 Publications of the Canadian Institute in Greece Publications de l’Institut canadien en Grèce No. 6 © The Canadian Institute in Greece / L’Institut canadien en Grèce 2011 Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication Euboea and Athens Colloquium in Memory of Malcolm B. Wallace (2009 : Athens, Greece) Euboea and Athens : proceedings of a colloquium in memory of Malcolm B. Wallace : Athens 26-27 June 2009 / David W. Rupp and Jonathan E. Tomlinson, editors. (Publications of the Canadian Institute in Greece = Publications de l'Institut canadien en Grèce ; no. 6) Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 978-0-9737979-1-6 1. Euboea Island (Greece)--Antiquities. 2. Euboea Island (Greece)--Civilization. 3. Euboea Island (Greece)--History. 4. Athens (Greece)--Antiquities. 5. Athens (Greece)--Civilization. 6. Athens (Greece)--History. I. Wallace, Malcolm B. (Malcolm Barton), 1942-2008 II. Rupp, David W. (David William), 1944- III. Tomlinson, Jonathan E. (Jonathan Edward), 1967- IV. Canadian Institute in Greece V. Title. VI. Series: Publications of the Canadian Institute in Greece ; no. 6. DF261.E9E93 2011 938 C2011-903495-6 The Canadian Institute in Greece Dionysiou Aiginitou 7 GR-115 28 Athens, Greece www.cig-icg.gr THOMAS G. PALAIMA Euboea, Athens, Thebes and Kadmos: The Implications of the Linear B References 1 The Linear B documents contain a good number of references to Thebes, and theories about the status of Thebes among Mycenaean centers have been prominent in Mycenological scholarship over the last twenty years.2 Assumptions about the hegemony of Thebes in the Mycenaean palatial period, whether just in central Greece or over a still wider area, are used as the starting point for interpreting references to: a) Athens: There is only one reference to Athens on a possibly early tablet (Knossos V 52) as a toponym a-ta-na = Ἀθήνη in the singular, as in Hom. -
University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan LINDA JANE PIPER 1967
This dissertation has been microfilmed exactly as received 66-15,122 PIPER, Linda Jane, 1935- A HISTORY OF SPARTA: 323-146 B.C. The Ohio State University, Ph.D., 1966 History, ancient University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan LINDA JANE PIPER 1967 All Rights Reserved A HISTORY OF SPARTA: 323-1^6 B.C. DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Linda Jane Piper, A.B., M.A. The Ohio State University 1966 Approved by Adviser Department of History PREFACE The history of Sparta from the death of Alexander in 323 B.C; to the destruction of Corinth in 1^6 B.C. is the history of social revolution and Sparta's second rise to military promi nence in the Peloponnesus; the history of kings and tyrants; the history of Sparta's struggle to remain autonomous in a period of amalgamation. It is also a period in Sparta's history too often neglected by historians both past and present. There is no monograph directly concerned with Hellenistic Sparta. For the most part, this period is briefly and only inci dentally covered in works dealing either with the whole history of ancient Sparta, or simply as a part of Hellenic or Hellenistic 1 2 history in toto. Both Pierre Roussel and Eug&ne Cavaignac, in their respective surveys of Spartan history, have written clear and concise chapters on the Hellenistic period. Because of the scope of their subject, however, they were forced to limit them selves to only the most important events and people of this time, and great gaps are left in between. -
Nikos Skoulikidis.Pdf
The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry 59 Series Editors: Damià Barceló · Andrey G. Kostianoy Nikos Skoulikidis Elias Dimitriou Ioannis Karaouzas Editors The Rivers of Greece Evolution, Current Status and Perspectives The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry Founded by Otto Hutzinger Editors-in-Chief: Damia Barcelo´ • Andrey G. Kostianoy Volume 59 Advisory Board: Jacob de Boer, Philippe Garrigues, Ji-Dong Gu, Kevin C. Jones, Thomas P. Knepper, Alice Newton, Donald L. Sparks More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/698 The Rivers of Greece Evolution, Current Status and Perspectives Volume Editors: Nikos Skoulikidis Á Elias Dimitriou Á Ioannis Karaouzas With contributions by F. Botsou Á N. Chrysoula Á E. Dimitriou Á A.N. Economou Á D. Hela Á N. Kamidis Á I. Karaouzas Á A. Koltsakidou Á I. Konstantinou Á P. Koundouri Á D. Lambropoulou Á L. Maria Á I.D. Mariolakos Á A. Mentzafou Á A. Papadopoulos Á D. Reppas Á M. Scoullos Á V. Skianis Á N. Skoulikidis Á M. Styllas Á G. Sylaios Á C. Theodoropoulos Á L. Vardakas Á S. Zogaris Editors Nikos Skoulikidis Elias Dimitriou Institute of Marine Biological Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Inland Waters Resources and Inland Waters Hellenic Centre for Marine Research Hellenic Centre for Marine Research Anavissos, Greece Anavissos, Greece Ioannis Karaouzas Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Inland Waters Hellenic Centre for Marine Research Anavissos, Greece ISSN 1867-979X ISSN 1616-864X (electronic) The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry ISBN 978-3-662-55367-1 ISBN 978-3-662-55369-5 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-55369-5 Library of Congress Control Number: 2017954950 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany 2018 This work is subject to copyright. -
OECD Territorial Grids
BETTER POLICIES FOR BETTER LIVES DES POLITIQUES MEILLEURES POUR UNE VIE MEILLEURE OECD Territorial grids August 2021 OECD Centre for Entrepreneurship, SMEs, Regions and Cities Contact: [email protected] 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction .................................................................................................................................................. 3 Territorial level classification ...................................................................................................................... 3 Map sources ................................................................................................................................................. 3 Map symbols ................................................................................................................................................ 4 Disclaimers .................................................................................................................................................. 4 Australia / Australie ..................................................................................................................................... 6 Austria / Autriche ......................................................................................................................................... 7 Belgium / Belgique ...................................................................................................................................... 9 Canada ...................................................................................................................................................... -
The Growth of Greek Cities in the First Millennium BC
Princeton/Stanford Working Papers in Classics The growth of Greek cities in the first millennium BC Version 1.0 December 2005 Ian Morris Stanford University Abstract: In this paper I trace the growth of the largest Greek cities from perhaps 1,000- 2,000 people at the beginning of the first millennium BC to 400,000-500,000 at the millennium’s end. I examine two frameworks for understanding this growth: Roland Fletcher’s discussion of the interaction and communication limits to growth and Max Weber’s ideal types of cities’ economic functions. I argue that while political power was never the only engine of urban growth in classical antiquity, it was always the most important motor. The size of the largest Greek cities was a function of the population they controlled, mechanisms of tax and rent, and transportation technology. © Ian Morris. [email protected] 1 The growth of Greek cities in the first millennium BC Ian Morris (Stanford) 1. Introduction Greece in 1000 BC was a world of villages. Most people lived in communities of just a few dozen souls; even the largest settlement, Athens (Figure 1), was probably just 3,000 to 4,000 strong. But at the millennium’s end, the Greek east Mediterranean boasted some of the largest cities in pre-industrial history. Alexandria, Antioch, and Seleucia-on-the- Tigris probably each had 250,000-500,000 inhabitants. Figure 1. Sites in the Aegean mentioned in this chapter In this chapter I discuss the size of Greek cities and the implications of their growth. I identify three major transitions: 2 Figure 2. -
Understanding Non-Formal Learning – Discovering Potentials!
Understanding Non-Formal Learning – Discovering Potentials! Programme: Erasmus+ KA1: Mobility of Youth Workers. Activity: Training course Addressed to: youth workers / youth leaders Organiser: Culti Multi Social Cooperative Project Ref. Number: 2019-3-EL02-KA105-005240 Dates: 10 – 14 May 2020 (excluding travel days) INFOPACK FOR PARTICIPANTS Description of the project Non-formal learning is an amazing tool that can support young people in building their competences and skills, foster their understanding of themselves, and encourage them to become more active and open to new possibilities and opportunities at personal, social and professional levels. It can also support youth workers and staff of youth organizations to develop their own capacity and improve the services that they provide to young people, especially when it comes to assessing and understanding the needs of young people and helping them reach their full potential. Especially in smaller cities and rural areas, the development of quality youth work and non-formal learning activities is extremely important, as it can give extra opportunities to the young people living there to develop their competences, and encourage them to stay in these areas, becoming more active and discovering ways to support the development of their community. This training course is addressed to youth workers and members of youth organisations active in smaller cities and rural areas that wish to better understand non-formal learning, build their capacity in running non-formal learning activities and -
Mimnermus and Pylos Huxley, G L Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies; Apr 1, 1959; 2, 2; Proquest Pg
Mimnermus and Pylos Huxley, G L Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies; Apr 1, 1959; 2, 2; ProQuest pg. 101 MIMNERMUS AND PYLOS G. L. HUXLEY N HIS Nanno Mimnermus of Colophon alluded to the com I ing of his people from Pylos, the home of the N eleids in Messenia, to Asia in ships. Having taken Colophon by force they settled there, and at a later date they captured Aeolian Smyrna.1 In the same poem he also wrote that Andraemon a Pylian was a founder of Colophon.2 Both fragments are pre served by Strabo, who used them in his account of early Ionian history. The text of the poetical fragment is given as follows in the latest edition of the Anthologia Lyrica Graeca: 3 - V E7TEL, , 'TE IIVJ\ov '\ N 7]J\\ 7]LOV' a<T'TV" M7TOV'TEc;\' lP,EP'Ti]V •AU'L7]V V7JV<TLV o.CPLK6p,EOa, e~ ~' epa'T7}v KoAocpwva {jL7]V lJ7rEpo7TAov EXOV'TE~ E,6p,EfJ' o.pyaAE7]C; V{jPLO~ 7rrEp,OVE~ . KEiOEV t8La<Tn]EV'TOC; a7TopvVp,EVOL 7ToTap,oio OEf;w {jOVA-ryL !,p,vPV7]V ErAop,EV AloAL8a. No satisfactory emendation of the first line has yet been pro posed. Bergk printed <Hp,EZc; ~' al.m, IIVAov N7]A-r]LoV lJ,U'TV ).t7TOvTEc; but 'Hp,Eic; is a conjecture of Xylander and seems to be without any manuscript authority.4 E7TELTE is good Ionic, besides being found in F, a good manuscript of Strabo (Vat. Gr. 1329), of which Kramer wrote that it was "omnium primus nominan dus" and "non unam ob causam maxime memorabilis." 5 It is written by thirteen different hands and begins at Book XII, p.