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Subsurface Aquifer Study to Support Unconventional Gas and Oil Development, Liard Basin, Northeastern B.C

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Subsurface Aquifer Study to Support Unconventional Gas and Oil Development, Liard Basin, Northeastern B.C SUBSURFACE AQUIFER STUDY TO SUPPORT UNCONVENTIONAL GAS AND OIL DEVELOPMENT, LIARD BASIN, NORTHEASTERN B.C. Prepared for Geoscience BC August, 2013 Petrel Robertson Consulting Ltd. TABLE OF CONTENTS Certificate of Qualification ......................................................................................................................... 1. Table of Contents ...................................................................................................................................... 2. List of Figures ............................................................................................................................................ 3. Regional Stratigraphic Cross-Sections ........................................................................................ 4. Introduction................................................................................................................................................ 5. Study Methodology ................................................................................................................................... 7. Regional Setting ........................................................................................................................................ 10. Geology and Hydrogeology of Aquifer Units ............................................................................................. 14. Chinchaga Formation ................................................................................................................... 15. Hydrogeology – Chinchaga Formation ........................................................................... 17. Rundle Group ............................................................................................................................... 18. Reservoir Quality ............................................................................................................. 19. “Detrital” Zone ................................................................................................................. 19. Hydrogeology – Rundle Group ....................................................................................... 20. Mattson Formation ....................................................................................................................... 21. Reservoir Quality ............................................................................................................. 27. Hydrogeology – Mattson Formation ................................................................................ 27. Kindle and Fantasque Formations ............................................................................................... 31. Hydrogeology – Fantasque Formation............................................................................ 33. Chinkeh Formation ....................................................................................................................... 34. Reservoir Quality ............................................................................................................. 36. Hydrogeology – Chinkeh Formation ............................................................................... 38. Scatter Formation ......................................................................................................................... 38. Reservoir Quality ............................................................................................................. 41. Hydrogeology – Scatter Formation ................................................................................. 41. Dunvegan Formation .................................................................................................................... 43. Reservoir Quality ............................................................................................................. 43. Hydrogeology – Dunvegan Formation ............................................................................ 46. Water Wells in Liard Basin ........................................................................................................................ 48. Summary and Conclusions ....................................................................................................................... 51. References ................................................................................................................................................ 54. Appendices Appendix 1. Stratigraphic Database Appendix 2. Graphic Core Logs Appendix 3. JC Consulting Inc. – Sample Cuttings Descriptions Appendix 4. Core Analysis Data Appendix 5. DST Data Appendix 6. Production Data Appendix 7. Formation Water Analysis Data Appendix 8. Water Disposal Well Data Petrel Robertson Consulting Ltd. BH/Geoscience BC – Liard Basin (1246) Aug2013/lps 2 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. Location Map, Liard Basin (from Ferri et al., 2011). Figure 2. Schematic west-east cross-section, Liard Basin (from Morrow and Shinduke, 2003). Figure 3. Bedrock geology map, Liard Basin (after Massey et al., 2005). Figure 4a. Stratigraphic column, Devonian through Mississippian, Liard Basin (from Ferri et al., 2011). Figure 4b. Stratigraphic column, Upper Devonian through Cretaceous, Liard Basin (from Monahan, 1999). Figure 5. Well base map, Liard Basin. Figure Cc1. Depth to formation map, Chinchaga Formation. Figure Cc2. Gross isopach map, Chinchaga Formation. Figure Cc3. Porosity-permeability crossplot from core analysis data, Chinchaga Formation. Figure Cc4. Hydrogeology map, Chinchaga Formation. Figure Cc5. Pressure-Elevation plot, Chinchaga Formation. Figure R1. Depth to formation map, Rundle Group. Figure R2. Gross isopach map, Rundle Group. Figure R3. Hydrogeology map, Rundle Group. Figure R4. Pressure-Elevation plot, Rundle / Mattson / Fantasque formations. Figure R5. Potentiometric Surface map, Rundle / Mattson / Fantasque formations. Figure M1. Depth to formation map, Mattson Formation. Figure M2. Type section, Mattson Formation, Jackfish Gap, Northwest Territories. Figure M3. Schematic stratigraphic cross-section, illustrating deposition of Mattson Formation on the western margin of the cratonic platform (from Richards et al., 1993). Figure M4. Gross isopach map, Mattson Formation. Figure M5. Fine-grained, massive to planar-bedded Mattson sandstones with platy green-grey shale bed. Hess Aquitaine et al. Windflower d-67-A/94-O-11. Figure M6. Very fine-grained sandstone with large vertical Diplocraterion burrow. Aquitaine et al. Tattoo a-78-L/94-O-10, 2470 ft. Figure M7. Thin section showing sandy limestone – originally bioclastic grainstone with minor quartzose sand. Bioclasts include abundant echinoderms and brachiopod shell fragments. Ammin Aquitaine et al. Windflower d-6-H/94-O-11, 1417.7 ft. Figure M8. Moderately-sorted quartzarenite with minor dolomite cement. Excellent reservoir quality (Φ~25%). Ammin Aquitaine et al Windflower d-6-H/94-O-11, 1581 ft. Figure M9. Porosity-permeability crossplot from core analysis data, Mattson Formation. Figure M10. Net porous sandstone isopach map, Mattson Formation. Figure M11. Hydrogeology map, Mattson Formation. Petrel Robertson Consulting Ltd. BH/Geoscience BC – Liard Basin (1246) Aug2013/lps 3 Figure M12. Mattson gas pool at Windflower – note small structural closure associated with Bovie Fault Zone (from Barclay et al., 1997). Figure F1. Depth to formation map, Fantasque Formation. Figure F2. Gross isopach map, Fantasque Formation. Figure F3. Hydrogeology map, Fantasque Formation. Figure C1. Depth to formation map, Chinkeh Formation. Figure C2. Graphic logs from outcrop sections of the Chinkeh Formation (from Leckie et al., 1991). Figure C3. Gross isopach map, Chinkeh Formation. Figure C4. Porosity-permeability crossplot from core analysis data, Chinkeh Formation. Figure C5. Hydrogeology map, Chinkeh Formation. Figure C6. Pressure-Elevation plot, Chinkeh / Scatter / Dunvegan formations. Figure S1. Schematic stratigraphic cross-section, Fort St. John Group, northeastern B.C. Scatter sandstones are limited to the Liard Basin (from Leckie and Potocki, 1998). Figure S2. Outcrop measured sections, Scatter Formation, Liard Basin (from Leckie and Potocki, 1998). Figure S3. Depth to formation map, Scatter Formation. Figure S4. Gross isopach and hydrogeology map, Scatter Formation. Figure S5. Porosity-permeability crossplot from core analysis data, Scatter Formation. Figure D1. Depth to formation map, Dunvegan Formation. Figure D2. Schematic stratigraphic diagram for Jurassic and Cretaceous strata of NEBC (from Stott, 1982). Figure D3. Schematic diagram illustrating facies and approximate thicknesses of Dunvegan Formation (from Stott, 1982). Figure D4. Gross isopach and hydrogeology map, Dunvegan Formation. Figure D5. Porosity-permeability crossplot from core analysis data, Dunvegan Formation. Figure D6. Net clean sandstone isopach map, Dunvegan Formation. Regional Stratigraphic Cross-Sections West-east stratigraphic cross-section A-A’ West-east stratigraphic cross-section B-B’ West-east stratigraphic cross-section C-C’ South-north stratigraphic cross-section AA-AA’ (deep section) South-north stratigraphic cross-section AA-AA’ (shallow section) South-north stratigraphic cross-section BB-BB’ South-north stratigraphic cross-section CC-CC’ Stratigraphic cross-section CH-CH’ (Chinchaga Formation) Petrel Robertson Consulting Ltd. BH/Geoscience BC – Liard Basin (1246) Aug2013/lps 4 INTRODUCTION Liard Basin in northeastern British Columbia is highly prospective for unconventional gas and oil development
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