DOCSLIB.ORG

Global Peace Index 2012

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Global Peace Index 2012 INSTITUTE FOR ECONOMICS AND PEACE GLOBAL PEACE INDEX 2012 1 THE INStitUTE FOR ECONOMICS AND PEACE GLOBAL QUANTIFYING PEACE AND ITS BENEFITS PEACE INDEX The Institute for Economics and Peace (IEP) is an 2012 independent, non-partisan, non-profit research organization dedicated to shifting the world’s focus to peace as a positive, achievable, and tangible measure of human well-being and progress. IEP achieves its goals by developing new This is the sixth edition of the Global Peace Index peaceful environments. conceptual frameworks to define peacefulness; (GPI), which ranks nations according to their level In the spirit of deepening knowledge and providing metrics for measurement; uncovering the of peacefulness. It is composed of 23 qualitative and understanding of the relative peacefulness of nations, relationship between peace, business and prosperity; quantitative indicators from highly respected sources, IEP has developed the first known attempt to quantify and by promoting a better understanding of the which gauge three broad themes: the level of safety measures of positive peace through the Positive Peace cultural, economic and political factors that drive and security in society; the extent of domestic or Index (PPI). This study measures the strength of the peacefulness. international conflict; and the degree of militarisation. attitudes, institutions, and structures within nations IEP has offices in Sydney, New York, and The 2012 GPI has been expanded to rank 158 which sustain peace. This provides a framework Washington, D.C. It works with a wide range of independent states and updated with the latest to determine a nation’s institutional capacity and partners internationally and collaborates with available figures and information. resilience to fundamentally create and maintain a intergovernmental organizations on measuring and This year’s report is divided into three main peaceful society. communicating the economic value of peace. sections; the first is the methodology, results and findings from the 2012 index, the second is an analysis of trends in peacefulness since the inception of the GPI in 2007, and the final section is IEP’s first For more information: attempt at defining a Positive Peace Index. www.economicsandpeace.org The methodology, results and findings section www.visionofhumanity.org provides highlights for the ten most and least peaceful countries, as well as for the five most improved and five most deteriorated over the one-year period. Indicator sources and weights are provided along with explanation on the changes to the methodology. The trends in peacefulness analysis tracks key global trends in peace over the past six years and utilises the GPI’s comprehensive 23 indicator dataset to understand nuanced changes in the many multidimensional aspects of peace. The data has been evaluated against many other socio-economic factors to understand key correlations and associations with 2 3 CONTENTS CONTENTS METHODOLOGY, RiSERS AND FALLERS 52 RESULTS INDICATOR TRENDS 52 AND FINDINGS CORRELAtiON TRENDS 56 HIGHLIGHTS 7 Corruption 58 2012 GLOBAL PEACE INDEX RANKINGS 8 GDP per capita 60 CONSTRUCtiNG THE INDEX 10 QUINtiLE ANALYSIS 63 Measuring states of peace 10 The research team 10 POSITIVE The indicators 11 PEACE INDEX Changes to the methodology 2012 12 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 67 ANALYSIS OF THE RESULTS 13 INTRODUCtiON 69 Regional overview 13 WHY A POSitiVE PEACE INDEX? 70 The ten countries most at peace 18 METHODOLOGY 71 The ten countries least at peace 23 RESULTS 80 Risers and fallers 29 POSitiVE PEACE GAP 81 Top-five national improvements in peacefulness 29 POSitiVE PEACE DEFICit CASE STUDY 90 Top-five national deteriorations in peacefulness 31 93 METHODOLOGICAL NOTES 34 POSitiVE PEACE BY REGION 101 Weighting the Index 34 POSitiVE PEACE BY INCOME GROUP Qualitative scoring 35 POSitiVE PEACE BY GOVERNMENT TYPE 102 POSitiVE PEACE BY INDICATOR DOMAIN 104 TRENDS IN TRENDS IN INDIVIDUAL POSitiVE PEACE INDICATORS 107 PEACEFULNESS CONCLUSION 109 HIGHLIGHTS 37 ANNEX A TRENDS IN PEACEFULNESS FROM 2009-2012 38 GPI INDICATOR SOURCES, DEFINitiONS AND SCORING CRITERIA 110 METHODOLOGY OF TREND ANALYSIS 40 TWENTY YEAR TRENDS 40 ANNEX B OVERALL TREND 45 SOCIO - ECONOMIC FACTORS 122 By region 45 REFERENCES 127 Sub-Saharan Africa 46 ENDNOTES 128 By government type 50 INTERNAL PEACEFULNESS 51 4 5 HIGHLIGHTS THE MAIN DEVELOPMENTS IN 2012 deteriorations in several measures of militarisation. Sri Lanka experienced the greatest improvement in its Calculating the 2012 Global Peace Index (GPI) by overall peacefulness, following the ending of decades examining 23 indicators across 158 countries reveals of civil war. that the world has become slightly more peaceful War-ravaged Somalia remains the country least in the past year. This follows two consecutive years at peace in 2012 for the second successive year, when an overall decline in peacefulness was observed; with ongoing conflict in several regions (with the many countries experienced growing instability and notable exception of Somaliland). Afghanistan’s score heightened disharmony linked to rapid rises in food, deteriorated and it dropped to the second-lowest METHODOLOGY fuel, and commodity prices and the global economic position. Syria’s descent into civil war caused its score downturn. to deteriorate by the largest margin and it dropped by There were improvements in the overall scores 31 places, to 147th position. RESULTS across all regions, apart from the Middle East and Among the GPI indicators, ‘Level of perceived North Africa, where many countries experienced criminality in society’ registered the largest year-on- & FINDINGS waves of uprisings, protests and revolutions, sparked year change from the 2011 GPI, showing a substantial by the Arab Spring. GPI scores deteriorated most deterioration. The five indicators showing the most sharply in Syria, Egypt and Tunisia. The Asia- significant year-on-year deterioration were all Pacific region experienced the largest average rise in measures of the security situation and reflected the peacefulness, with the most significant gains in Sri upheaval and turmoil that has rippled across the Arab Lanka, Bhutan, Philippines and Nepal. Sub-Saharan world and beyond. The Political Terror Scale showed the greatest SYRIA’s descent intO CIVIL WAR CAUSED improvement and there were gains in several ITS SCORE TO DETERIORATE BY THE LARGEST indicators of militarisation as defence budgets were MARGIN AND IT DROPPED BY 31 PLACES, TO squeezed. 147TH POSITION. Africa became slightly more peaceful, with notable improvements in Zimbabwe, Madagascar and Gabon and, for the first time since the GPI was launched in 2007, it is not the least peaceful region—that dubious honour falls to the Middle East and North Africa this year. Iceland is, for the second successive year, the country most at peace, followed by Denmark and New Zealand. Small, stable democracies again dominate the top ten. Qatar is the highest-placed Middle-Eastern country (and non-democracy), in 12th position. Bhutan moved into the top 20 for the first time, mainly as a result of easing tensions surrounding ethnic Nepali refugees. Norway dropped out of the top ten to 18th position, the result of the violent attack by Anders Breivik in July 2011, killing 77 and injuring more than 300. Norway also saw 6 7 2012 GLOBAL PEACE INDEX RANKINGS 1.644 MOST PEACEFUL 2 2.111 LEAST PEACEFUL 3 NO DATA 2.579 4 RANK COUNTRY SCORE RANK COUNTRY SCORE 3.046 1 Iceland 1.113 29 United Kingdom 1.609 56 Djibouti 1.881 85 Ecuador 2.028 109 Belarus 2.208 137 Ethiopia 2.504 2 Denmark 1.239 30 Chile 1.616 58 Mongolia 1.884 85 Swaziland 2.028 110 Uzbekistan 2.219 138 Burundi 2.524 2 New Zealand 1.239 31 Botswana 1.621 59 Oman 1.887 87 Equatorial Guinea 2.039 111 Egypt 2.220 139 Myanmar 2.525 5 4 Canada 1.317 32 Romania 1.627 60 Malawi 1.894 88 United States of 111 El Salvador 2.220 140 Zimbabwe 2.538 5 Japan 1.326 33 Uruguay 1.628 61 Panama 1.899 America 2.058 113 Jamaica 2.222 141 Georgia 2.541 89 6 Austria 1.328 34 Vietnam 1.641 62 Jordan 1.905 China 2.061 114 Benin 2.231 142 India 2.549 90 Dominican 6 Ireland 1.328 35 Croatia 1.648 63 Indonesia 1.913 115 Armenia 2.238 143 Yemen 2.601 Republic 2.068 8 Slovenia 1.330 36 Costa Rica 1.659 64 Serbia 1.920 116 Niger 2.241 144 Colombia 2.625 3.514 91 Bangladesh 2.071 9 Finland 1.348 37 Laos 1.662 65 Bosnia and 117 Turkmenistan 2.242 145 Chad 2.671 92 Guinea 2.073 10 Switzerland 1.349 38 Italy 1.690 Herzegovina 1.923 118 Bahrain 2.247 146 Nigeria 2.801 93 Papua New 11 39 Bulgaria 1.699 66 Albania 1.927 119 Rwanda 2.250 147 Libya 2.830 Belgium 1.376 Guinea 2.076 40 France 1.710 66 Moldova 1.927 120 147 12 Qatar 1.395 94 Trinidad and Kenya 2.252 Syria 2.830 41 68 Macedonia (FYR) 1.935 13 Czech Republic 1.396 Estonia 1.715 Tobago 2.082 121 Algeria 2.255 149 Pakistan 2.833 42 69 Guyana 1.937 14 Sweden 1.419 South Korea 1.734 95 Angola 2.105 122 Eritrea 2.264 150 Israel 2.842 43 70 Cuba 1.951 15 Germany 1.424 Lithuania 1.741 95 Guinea-Bissau 2.105 123 Venezuela 2.278 151 Central African 44 71 Ukraine 1.953 Republic 2.872 16 Portugal 1.470 Argentina 1.763 97 Cameroon 2.113 124 Guatemala 2.287 45 72 Tunisia 1.955 152 North Korea 2.932 17 Hungary 1.476 Latvia 1.774 98 Uganda 2.121 125 Mauritania 2.301 46 United Arab 73 Cyprus 1.957 153 Russia 2.938 18 Norway 1.480 99 Madagascar 2.124 126 Thailand 2.303 Emirates 1.785 74 Gambia 1.961 154 Democratic 19 Bhutan 1.481 99 Tajikistan 2.124 127 South Africa 2.321 47 Kuwait 1.792 75 Gabon 1.972 Republic of the 20 Malaysia 1.485 101 Liberia
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Global Peace Index
    security Quantifying the state of peace Global Peace Index With a new Global Peace Index countries can be ranked according to their ‘state of peace’. By Joris Voorhoeve Indicators of peace hat can be counted does not count, and what counts W cannot be counted’. Does this bon mot, attributed to Violent conflict Albert Einstein, also apply to what counts above all – peace? 1 Number of external and internal violent conflicts in 000–0 In May 2007 a group of committed individuals launched a Number of deaths from organized external conflict new website, Vision of Humanity, as the reference point for the Number of deaths from organized internal conflict Global Peace Index (GPi), which is intended to highlight the Level of organized internal conflict relationship between global peace and sustainability.1 The GPi Relations with neighbouring countries. was developed by an international team of experts brought together at the initiative of Australian entrepreneur and Societal security philanthropist Steve Killelea, and drawn up by analysts from the Level of distrust in other citizens Economist Intelligence Unit. 7 Displaced persons as percentage of the population The GPi attempts to measure the ‘state of peace’ within and Political instability among 121 nations, based on 24 indicators in three areas: aspects Level of respect for human rights (political terror scale) of violent conflict, elements of societal security, and measures of 10 Potential for terrorist acts militarization (see box). From these, two weighted indices are 11 Homicides per 100,000 people calculated to provide measures of the extent to which each 1 Other violent crime statistics country is at peace internally and with other countries.
    [Show full text]
  • Global Peace Index 2018: Measuring Peace in a Complex World, Sydney, June 2018
    Quantifying Peace and its Benefits The Institute for Economics & Peace (IEP) is an independent, non-partisan, non-profit think tank dedicated to shifting the world’s focus to peace as a positive, achievable, and tangible measure of human well-being and progress. IEP achieves its goals by developing new conceptual frameworks to define peacefulness; providing metrics for measuring peace; and uncovering the relationships between business, peace and prosperity as well as promoting a better understanding of the cultural, economic and political factors that create peace. IEP is headquartered in Sydney, with offices in New York, The Hague, Mexico City and Brussels. It works with a wide range of partners internationally and collaborates with intergovernmental organisations on measuring and communicating the economic value of peace. For more information visit www.economicsandpeace.org Please cite this report as: Institute for Economics & Peace. Global Peace Index 2018: Measuring Peace in a Complex World, Sydney, June 2018. Available from: http://visionofhumanity.org/reports (accessed Date Month Year). Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 2 Key Findings 4 RESULTS 5 Highlights 6 2018 Global Peace Index rankings 8 Regional overview 12 Improvements & deteriorations 19 TRENDS 23 Ten year trends in the Global Peace Index 26 100 year trends in peace 32 ECONOMIC IMPACT OF VIOLENCE 45 Results 46 The macroeconomic impact of peace 52 POSITIVE PEACE 59 What is Positive Peace? 60 Trends in Positive Peace 65 What precedes a change in peacefulness? 69 Positive Peace and the economy 73 APPENDICES 77 Appendix A: GPI Methodology 78 Appendix B: GPI indicator sources, definitions & scoring criteria 82 Appendix C: GPI Domain scores 90 Appendix D: Economic cost of violence 93 GLOBAL PEACE INDEX 2018 | 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This is the twelfth edition of the Global Peace Index Afghanistan, South Sudan, Iraq, and Somalia comprise (GPI), which ranks 163 independent states and the remaining least peaceful countries.
    [Show full text]
  • Tourism As a Driver of Peace Contents 1
    TOURISM AS A DRIVER OF PEACE CONTENTS 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1 TOURISM AS A 2. KEY FINDINGS 2 3. METHODOLOGY AT A GLANCE - MEASURING TOURISM AND PEACE 2 DRIVER OF PEACE 4. THE LINK BETWEEN TOURISM, VIOLENCE, AND CONFLICT 5 QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS ON THE LINK Trends in Tourism, Violence, and Conflict 6 BETWEEN PEACE AND TOURISM Risers and Fallers in Tourism, Violence, and Conflict 9 MAY 2016 Two Cases Compared: Poland and Nigeria 12 Tourism as a Force for Negative Peace 12 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 5. THE LINK BETWEEN TOURISM AND POSITIVE PEACE 13 Over the last decade the world has become increasingly unequal in terms of its levels of Trends in Tourism and Positive Peace 15 peacefulness, with the most peaceful countries enjoying increasing levels of peace and prosperity, while the least peaceful countries are spiralling into violence and conflict. The economic costs of Risers and Fallers in in Tourism and Positive Peace 17 violence containment on the global economy are also significant and have increased, estimated at $13.7 trillion in 2012 and $14.3 trillion in 2014, or 13.4% of world GDP1. At the same time, tourism’s Two Cases Compared: Saudi Arabia and Angola 20 contribution to GDP has been growing at a global average of 2.3% since 2005, while foreign spending on tourism measured as visitor exports has been growing at a rate of 3.4% on average Tourism as a Force for Positive Peace 21 globally. Additionally, international passenger arrivals around the world have increased from a global average of 828 million in 2005 to 1.184 billion in 2015.
    [Show full text]
  • Global Peace Index Global Peace
    GLOBAL PEACE INDEX PEACE GLOBAL GLOBAL PEACE 2019 INDEX 2019 MEASURING PEACE IN A COMPLEX WORLD Quantifying Peace and its Benefits The Institute for Economics & Peace (IEP) is an independent, non-partisan, non-profit think tank dedicated to shifting the world’s focus to peace as a positive, achievable, and tangible measure of human wellbeing and progress. IEP achieves its goals by developing new conceptual frameworks to define peacefulness; providing metrics for measuring peace and uncovering the relationships between business, peace and prosperity, as well as promoting a better understanding of the cultural, economic and political factors that create peace. IEP is headquartered in Sydney, with offices in New York, The Hague, Mexico City, Brussels and Harare. It works with a wide range of partners internationally and collaborates with intergovernmental organisations on measuring and communicating the economic value of peace. For more information visit www.economicsandpeace.org Please cite this report as: Institute for Economics & Peace. Global Peace Index 2019: Measuring Peace in a Complex World, Sydney, June 2019. Available from: http://visionofhumanity.org/reports (accessed Date Month Year). Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 2 Key Findings 4 RESULTS 5 Highlights 6 2019 Global Peace Index Rankings 8 Regional Overview 13 Improvements & Deteriorations 20 TRENDS 25 GPI Trends 26 Peace Perceptions 32 Climate Change and Peace 43 ECONOMIC IMPACT OF VIOLENCE 57 Results 58 Methodoogy at a glance 63 POSITIVE PEACE 65 What is Positive Peace? 66 Positive Peace and Negative Peace 71 Positive Peace and the Economy 76 APPENDICES 83 Appendix A: GPI Methodology 84 Appendix B: GPI indicator sources, definitions & scoring criteria 88 Appendix C: GPI Domain Scores 96 Appendix D: Economic Cost of Violence 99 GLOBAL PEACE INDEX 2019 | 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This is the thirteenth edition of the Global Peace Index Four of the nine regions in the world became more (GPI), which ranks 163 independent states and peaceful over the past year.
    [Show full text]
  • 2018 Global Peace Index Snapshot
    SNAPSHOT 2018 GLOBAL PEACE 2018 key highlights g 92 countries deteriorated whilst 71 countries improved INDEX SNAPSHOT between 2016 and 2017 g Syria, Afghanistan, South Sudan, Iraq and Somalia are the MEASURING PEACE IN least peaceful countries in the world A COMPLEX WORLD g Iceland, New Zealand, Austria, Portugal and Denmark are the most peaceful countries in the world The Global Peace Index 2018 report finds that the g Countries that improved in peace over the last decade had global level of peace has deteriorated by 0.27% seven times higher GDP growth rates over the last year. This is the fourth successive g Military expenditure compared to country GDP has been year of deterioration, finding that 92 countries steadily falling in more countries than increasing have deteriorated, while 71 countries have g Battle deaths have risen steadily over the last 10 years, improved. The report reveals a world in which increasing by 264% tensions, conflicts and crises that have emerged g Both Europe and North America become less peaceful, with 23/36 countries in Europe deteriorating last year over the past decade remain unresolved, causing g Sub-Saharan Africa was home to four of the five largest a gradual, sustained decline in global levels of improvements in peacefulness peacefulness. FOR MORE OF SECTION 1: RESULTS, SEE THE 2018 REPORT Five most & least Global economic peaceful countries impact of violence In the 2018 GPI, 92 countries deteriorated while 71 countries The global economic impact of violence, higher in 2017 than improved, with the global average deteriorating by 0.27 per at any point in the last decade, was $14.76 trillion PPP in 2017, cent.
    [Show full text]
  • 2012-Global-Peace-Index-Report.Pdf
    INSTITUTE FOR ECONOMICS AND PEACE GLOBAL PEACE INDEX 2012 1 THE INStitUTE FOR ECONOMICS AND PEACE GLOBAL QUANTIFYING PEACE AND ITS BENEFITS PEACE INDEX The Institute for Economics and Peace (IEP) is an 2012 independent, non-partisan, non-profit research organization dedicated to shifting the world’s focus to peace as a positive, achievable, and tangible measure of human well-being and progress. IEP achieves its goals by developing new This is the sixth edition of the Global Peace Index peaceful environments. conceptual frameworks to define peacefulness; (GPI), which ranks nations according to their level In the spirit of deepening knowledge and providing metrics for measurement; uncovering the of peacefulness. It is composed of 23 qualitative and understanding of the relative peacefulness of nations, relationship between peace, business and prosperity; quantitative indicators from highly respected sources, IEP has developed the first known attempt to quantify and by promoting a better understanding of the which gauge three broad themes: the level of safety measures of positive peace through the Positive Peace cultural, economic and political factors that drive and security in society; the extent of domestic or Index (PPI). This study measures the strength of the peacefulness. international conflict; and the degree of militarisation. attitudes, institutions, and structures within nations IEP has offices in Sydney, New York, and The 2012 GPI has been expanded to rank 158 which sustain peace. This provides a framework Washington, D.C. It works with a wide range of independent states and updated with the latest to determine a nation’s institutional capacity and partners internationally and collaborates with available figures and information.
    [Show full text]
  • 2020 Global Peace Index
    IMPROVEMENTS 81 2020 countries were more peaceful in 2020 than 2019 GLOBAL DETERIORATIONS 80 PEACE countries were less peaceful in 2020 than in 2019 OVERALL AVERAGE INDEX CHANGE (%) A SNAPSHOT OF THE +0.34 The global GPI aver- GLOBAL STATE OF PEACE age deteriorated by 0.34 per cent from 2019 to 2020 THE STATE OF PEACE VERY HIGH HIGH MEDIUM LOW VERY LOW NOT INCLUDED RANK COUNTRY SCORE CHANGE RANK COUNTRY SCORE CHANGE RANK COUNTRY SCORE CHANGE RANK COUNTRY SCORE CHANGE RANK COUNTRY SCORE CHANGE RANK COUNTRY SCORE CHANGE ABOUT 1 Iceland 1.078 29 Poland 1.657 1 =57 Greece 1.877 8 84 Peru 2.066 3 112 Djibouti 2.215 6 138 Niger 2.608 11 The GTI is developed by the Institute 2 New Zealand 1.198 30 Estonia 1.68 3 =57 Liberia 1.877 1 85 Kosovo 2.07 6 113 El Salvador 2.243 2 139 India 2.628 2 for Economics & Peace, an 3 Portugal 1.247 31 Italy 1.69 6 59 Malawi 1.885 14 =86 Bolivia 2.074 3 114 Thailand 2.245 1 140 Colombia 2.646 3 independent, non-partisan, non-profit 4 Austria 1.275 32 Costa Rica 1.691 2 =60 Equatorial Guinea 1.891 10 =86 Cuba 2.074 2 115 Guatemala 2.267 1 141 Cameroon 2.65 1 think tank dedicated to shifting the 5 Denmark 1.283 33 Botswana 1.693 2 =60 The Gambia 1.891 88 Trinidad and Tobago 2.078 4 116 Turkmenistan 2.276 1 142 Iran 2.672 5 world’s focus to peace as a positive, 6 Canada 1.298 34 Latvia 1.7 2 62 North Macedonia 1.9 2 89 Guinea 2.082 7 =117 Algeria 2.287 143 Palestine 2.699 1 achievable and tangible measure of 7 Singapore 1.321 35 Uruguay 1.704 63 Madagascar 1.905 8 90 Ecuador 2.085 17 =117 Mauritania 2.287 1 144 Mali 2.729 human wellbeing and progress.
    [Show full text]
  • Normandy Index
    Mapping threats to peace and democracy worldwide Normandy Index 2020 STUDY EPRS | European Parliamentary Research Service Members' Research Service PE 652.039 – September 2020 EN Mapping threats to peace and democracy worldwide Normandy Index 2020 The 'Normandy Index', now in its second year, aims to measure the level of threats to peace, security and democracy around the world. It was presented for the first time on the occasion of the Normandy Peace Forum in June 2019, as a result of a partnership between the European Parliament and the Region of Normandy. The Index has been designed and prepared by the European Parliamentary Research Service (EPRS), in conjunction with and on the basis of data provided by the Institute for Economics and Peace. This paper sets out the findings of the 2020 exercise and explains how the Index can be used to compare peace – defined on the basis of a given country's performance against a range of predetermined threats – across countries and regions. It is complemented by 40 individual country case studies, derived from the Index. EPRS | European Parliamentary Research Service AUTHORS Editors: Étienne Bassot and Monika Nogaj Author: Elena Lazarou, Members' Research Service Graphics by Nadejda Kresnichka-Nikolchova This paper has been drawn up by the Members' Research Service, within the Directorate-General for Parliamentary Research Services (EPRS) of the Secretariat of the European Parliament. The underlying data have been supplied by the Institute for Economics and Peace. The author would like to acknowledge the contribution of Philippe Perchoc to the conception and elaboration of the Normandy Index and to parts of this study.
    [Show full text]
  • Global Peace Index 2020: Measuring Peace in a Complex World, Sydney, June 2020
    GLOBAL PEACE INDEX PEACE GLOBAL GLOBAL PEACE 2020 INDEX 2020 MEASURING PEACE IN A COMPLEX WORLD Institute for Economics & Peace Quantifying Peace and its Benefits The Institute for Economics & Peace (IEP) is an independent, non-partisan, non-profit think tank dedicated to shifting the world’s focus to peace as a positive, achievable, and tangible measure of human well-being and progress. IEP achieves its goals by developing new conceptual frameworks to define peacefulness; providing metrics for measuring peace; and uncovering the relationships between business, peace and prosperity as well as promoting a better understanding of the cultural, economic and political factors that create peace. IEP is headquartered in Sydney, with offices in New York, The Hague, Mexico City, Brussels and Harare. It works with a wide range of partners internationally and collaborates with intergovernmental organisations on measuring and communicating the economic value of peace. For more information visit www.economicsandpeace.org Please cite this report as: Institute for Economics & Peace. Global Peace Index 2020: Measuring Peace in a Complex World, Sydney, June 2020. Available from: http://visionofhumanity.org/reports (accessed Date Month Year). Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 2 Key Findings 4 RESULTS 5 Highlights 6 2020 Global Peace Index Rankings 8 Regional Overview 13 Improvements & Deteriorations 20 TRENDS IN PEACEFULNESS 25 GPI Trends 26 GPI Domain Trends 28 Civil Unrest 32 ECONOMIC IMPACT OF VIOLENCE 41 The Economic Value of Peace 2019 42 Methodology at a Glance 50 POSITIVE PEACE 53 What is Positive Peace? 54 Positive Peace and the COVID-19 Pandemic 57 Trends in Positive Peace 67 ECOLOGICAL THREAT REGISTER 71 Introduction 72 The Types of Ecological Threat 74 APPENDICES 83 Appendix A: GPI Methodology 84 Appendix B: GPI indicator sources, definitions & scoring criteria 88 Appendix C: GPI Domain Scores 96 Appendix D: Economic Cost of Violence 99 GLOBAL PEACE INDEX 2020 | 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This is the 14th edition of the Global Peace Index (GPI), North America.
    [Show full text]
  • OSAC Country Security Report Morocco
    OSAC Country Security Report Morocco Last Updated: July 27, 2021 Travel Advisory The current U.S. Department of State Travel Advisory at the date of this report’s publication assesses Morocco at Level 2, indicating travelers should exercise increased caution due to terrorism. Review OSAC’s report, Understanding the Consular Travel Advisory System. The Institute for Economics & Peace Global Peace Index 2021 ranks Morocco 79 out of 163 worldwide, rating the country as being at a Medium state of peace. Crime Environment The U.S. Department of State has assessed Casablanca as being a HIGH-threat location and Rabat as being a MEDIUM-threat location for crime directed at or affecting official U.S. government interests. The U.S. Department of State has not included a Crime “C” Indicator on the Travel Advisory for Morocco. The crime emergency line in Morocco is 190 from a mobile phone and 91 from a landline. Review the State Department’s Crime Victims Assistance brochure. Crime: General Threat Media reporting and anecdotal observations indicate that the frequency and intensity of crime in Morocco’s major cities is similar to other large cities in North Africa. The most common crimes are petty crimes, such as pickpocketing, theft from unoccupied vehicles, robberies, purse snatching, and burglaries. Criminals focus on high-traffic and high-density areas such as tourist sites, markets, medinas, and festivals in major cities. Criminals tend to fixate on people who appear unfamiliar with their surroundings, dress in obviously foreign clothing, or otherwise draw attention to themselves. Due to the low availability of firearms in Morocco, when violent crimes occur, they tend to involve edged weapons such as knives (and occasionally swords).
    [Show full text]
  • Global Peace Index 2020: Measuring Peace in a Complex World, Sydney, June 2020
    GLOBAL PEACE INDEX PEACE GLOBAL GLOBAL PEACE 2020 INDEX 2020 MEASURING PEACE IN A COMPLEX WORLD Institute for Economics & Peace Quantifying Peace and its Benefits The Institute for Economics & Peace (IEP) is an independent, non-partisan, non-profit think tank dedicated to shifting the world’s focus to peace as a positive, achievable, and tangible measure of human well-being and progress. IEP achieves its goals by developing new conceptual frameworks to define peacefulness; providing metrics for measuring peace; and uncovering the relationships between business, peace and prosperity as well as promoting a better understanding of the cultural, economic and political factors that create peace. IEP is headquartered in Sydney, with offices in New York, The Hague, Mexico City, Brussels and Harare. It works with a wide range of partners internationally and collaborates with intergovernmental organisations on measuring and communicating the economic value of peace. For more information visit www.economicsandpeace.org Please cite this report as: Institute for Economics & Peace. Global Peace Index 2020: Measuring Peace in a Complex World, Sydney, June 2020. Available from: http://visionofhumanity.org/reports (accessed Date Month Year). Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 2 Key Findings 4 RESULTS 5 Highlights 6 2020 Global Peace Index Rankings 8 Regional Overview 13 Improvements & Deteriorations 20 TRENDS IN PEACEFULNESS 25 GPI Trends 26 GPI Domain Trends 28 Civil Unrest 32 ECONOMIC IMPACT OF VIOLENCE 41 The Economic Value of Peace 2019 42 Methodology at a Glance 50 POSITIVE PEACE 53 What is Positive Peace? 54 Positive Peace and the COVID-19 Pandemic 57 Trends in Positive Peace 67 ECOLOGICAL THREAT REGISTER 71 Introduction 72 The Types of Ecological Threat 74 APPENDICES 83 Appendix A: GPI Methodology 84 Appendix B: GPI indicator sources, definitions & scoring criteria 88 Appendix C: GPI Domain Scores 96 Appendix D: Economic Cost of Violence 99 GLOBAL PEACE INDEX 2020 | 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This is the 14th edition of the Global Peace Index (GPI), North America.
    [Show full text]
  • Global-Peace-Index-2018-2.Pdf
    Quantifying Peace and its Benefits The Institute for Economics & Peace (IEP) is an independent, non-partisan, non-profit think tank dedicated to shifting the world’s focus to peace as a positive, achievable, and tangible measure of human well-being and progress. IEP achieves its goals by developing new conceptual frameworks to define peacefulness; providing metrics for measuring peace; and uncovering the relationships between business, peace and prosperity as well as promoting a better understanding of the cultural, economic and political factors that create peace. IEP is headquartered in Sydney, with offices in New York, The Hague, Mexico City and Brussels. It works with a wide range of partners internationally and collaborates with intergovernmental organisations on measuring and communicating the economic value of peace. For more information visit www.economicsandpeace.org Please cite this report as: Institute for Economics & Peace. Global Peace Index 2018: Measuring Peace in a Complex World, Sydney, June 2018. Available from: http://visionofhumanity.org/reports (accessed Date Month Year). Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 2 Key Findings 4 RESULTS 5 Highlights 6 2018 Global Peace Index rankings 8 Regional overview 12 Improvements & deteriorations 19 TRENDS 23 Ten year trends in the Global Peace Index 26 100 year trends in peace 32 ECONOMIC IMPACT OF VIOLENCE 45 Results 46 The macroeconomic impact of peace 52 POSITIVE PEACE 59 What is Positive Peace? 60 Trends in Positive Peace 65 What precedes a change in peacefulness? 69 Positive Peace and the economy 73 APPENDICES 77 Appendix A: GPI Methodology 78 Appendix B: GPI indicator sources, definitions & scoring criteria 82 Appendix C: GPI Domain scores 90 Appendix D: Economic cost of violence 93 GLOBAL PEACE INDEX 2018 | 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This is the twelfth edition of the Global Peace Index Afghanistan, South Sudan, Iraq, and Somalia comprise (GPI), which ranks 163 independent states and the remaining least peaceful countries.
    [Show full text]