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Princeton Gettysburg WALKING GETTYSBURG with James M. McPherson S E P T E M B E R 1 0 - 1 3 , 2 0 2 0 W A L K T H R O U G H T I M E Dear Princetonian, The echoes of the American Civil War, nearly 160 years ago, and a nation ripped asunder by ideology and socio-political forces, reverberate through to the present. We are pleased to invite you to explore Gettysburg, site of the Civil War’s bloodiest battle, alongside legendary Princeton historian James M. McPherson—perhaps the most sought-after Princeton alumni experience. While some visitors to the battlefields seek the grounds their ancestors fought on, others come to see where America was tested and became the country it is today. Whether your intellectual curiosity is sparked by enlightening conversations with historians, or your love of the outdoors is stoked by exploring the pristinely preserved rural battlefields, you will find something to pique your interest on this exceptional educational travel program for all ages. Walking Gettysburg is sure to sell out quickly! Reserve your space through the online registration link: https://insiderexpeditions.com/princetongettysburg2020 or call the Princeton Journeys team at 609-258-8686. With kind regards, Bridget St. Clair Executive Manager A B O U T T H E S T U D Y L E A D E R J a m e s M . M c P h e r s o n h 5 7 h 6 4 h 6 9 h 7 0 h 7 2 H 1 4 J a m e s M . M c P h e r s o n i s w i d e l y a c k n o w l e d g e d a s A m e r i c a ' s p r e - e m i n e n t C i v i l W a r h i s t o r i a n . L i s t i n g h i s m a n y a w a r d s a n d h o n o r s a l o n e w o u l d t a k e f a r m o r e t h a n t h e 2 7 2 w o r d s o f t h e G e t t y s b u r g A d d r e s s . A m o n g m a n y o t h e r t h i n g s , J i m h a s b e e n t h e p r e s i d e n t o f t h e A m e r i c a n H i s t o r i c a l A s s o c i a t i o n , h e h a s r e c e i v e d t h e P r i t z k e r P r i z e f o r L i f e t i m e A c h i e v e m e n t i n M i l i t a r y W r i t i n g , h e h a s b e e n a w a r d e d h o n o r a r y d e g r e e s f r o m e l e v e n c o l l e g e s o r u n i v e r s i t i e s ( i n c l u d i n g P r i n c e t o n ) , a n d h e h a s w r i t t e n m o r e t h a n t w e n t y b o o k s , w i n n i n g a n u m b e r o f p r i z e s , i n c l u d i n g t h e P u l i t z e r P r i z e f o r B a t t l e C r y o f F r e e d o m . S i n c e 1 9 8 4 , A l u m n i h a v e c h e r i s h e d C i v i l W a r b a t t l e f i e l d t r i p s w i t h P r o f e s s o r M c P h e r s o n , w h i c h f o r m a n y h a v e b e c o m e t h e h i g h p o i n t s o f t h e i r P r i n c e t o n e d u c a t i o n . I n 2 0 1 8 , J i m a n d h i s w i f e P a t w e r e p r e s e n t e d t h e A w a r d f o r S e r v i c e t o P r i n c e t o n a n d t h e f o l l o w i n g w o r d s w e r e u s e d t o d e s c r i b e J i m ’ s l e g a c y a t t h e U n i v e r s i t y : J i m M c P h e r s o n i s a r o c k s t a r – a s w i l l a t t e s t a n y n u m b e r o f t h e t h o u s a n d s o f P r i n c e t o n s t u d e n t s , p a r e n t s , a n d a l u m n i w h o h a v e h o p p e d a b u s a n d v i s i t e d G e t t y s b u r g o r F r e d e r i c k s b u r g o r a n y o t h e r C i v i l W a r s i t e w i t h h i m o v e r t h e p a s t 4 0 y e a r s . I T I N E R A R Y SEPTEMBER 10, 2020—GREETINGS IN GETTYSBURG Join fellow Princetonians at our home for the weekend, the Gettysburg Hotel, for a Welcome Reception and Dinner with opening remarks by Professor James McPherson. Meals: Welcome Reception and Dinner Overnight: Gettysburg Hotel SEPTEMBER 11, 2020—SECOND INVASION NORTH Take a hearty breakfast at the hotel, as we prepare to focus our day on the Battle of Gettysburg, the turning point of the war which tipped the scales in favor of the Union. Head out into the Gettysburg National Military Park and visit the key battle sites, including McPherson's Ridge, Oak Hill, Barlow's Knoll, the Peace Orchard, Devil's Den, and Little Round Top. Enjoy a picnic lunch before touring the cornfields, forests and clearings that make up this hard-fought land. After a moving day at the battlefield, return to the heart of town for dinner. Meals: Breakfast, Lunch, Dinner Overnight: Gettysburg Hotel SEPTEMBER 12, 2020—THE HIGH WATER MARK OF THE CONFEDERACY After breakfast and a morning lecture at the hotel, we return to the battlefields. Examine the sites of the Culp's Hill, Pickett's Charge, Cemetery Ridge, and Cemetery Hill. Victory here turned the public sentiment in the North, fostering hope that a successful end to fighting and reunification was, indeed, possible. Enjoy a "mess" style lunch on the battlefield grounds. In the afternoon, tour the David Wills House, the heart of the post-battle clean- up, offering a civilian perspective of the war that came to the Wills' front door. After another day immersed in history, come back to the modern world for a farewell dinner as a group. Meals: Breakfast, Lunch, Dinner Overnight: Gettysburg Hotel SEPTEMBER 13, 2020—REMEMBERING THOSE WHO SERVED Enjoy another breakfast at the hotel and proceed to directly to the battlefield. Journey to the Gettysburg Cyclorama, immerse yourself in the post-war art piece depicting the pivotal Pickett’s Charge. Enjoy a private tour and explore the exhibits at the Gettysburg Museum of the Civil War, including the Morgan Freeman narrated film, “A New Birth of Freedom.” Tour the waving flags and headstones of the Soldiers' National Cemetery and gain a unique appreciation for the sacrifices of previous generations. From here, on November 19, 1863, President Lincoln delivered his famous Gettysburg Address. Return home with a deeper understanding of how this pivotal time in our history still reverberates today.
Recommended publications
  • A Past So Fraught with Sorrow Bert H
    A Past So Fraught With Sorrow Bert H. Barnett, Gettysburg NMP On May 23 and 24, 1865, the victorious Union armies gathered for one massive, final “Grand Review” in Washington, D.C. Among the multitude of patriotic streamers and buntings bedecking the parade route was one, much noticed, hanging from the Capitol. It proclaimed, perhaps with an unintended irony, “The only national debt we can never pay is the debt we owe the victorious Union soldiers.” One sharp-eyed veteran, a participant in almost all the war’s eastern campaigns, observed, “I could not help wondering, whether, having made up their minds that they can never pay the debt, they will not think it useless to try” [emphasis in original].1 The sacrifices demanded of the nation to arrive at that point had been terrific—more than 622,000 men dead from various causes. To acknowledge these numbers simply as a block figure, however, is to miss an important portion of the story. Each single loss represented an individual tragedy of the highest order for thousands of families across the country, North and South. To have been one of the “merely wounded” was often to suffer a fate perhaps only debatably better than that of a deceased comrade. Many of these battle casualties were condemned to years of physical agony and mental duress. The side effects that plagued these men often also tore through their post-war lives and families as destructively as any physical projectile, altering relationships with loved ones and reducing the chances for a fuller integration into a post-war world.
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  • ED436450.Pdf
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 436 450 SO 031 019 AUTHOR Andrews, John TITLE Choices and Commitments: The Soldiers at Gettysburg. Teaching with Historic Places. INSTITUTION National Park Service (Dept. of Interior), Washington, DC. National Register of Historic Places. PUB DATE 1999-06-00 NOTE 23p. AVAILABLE FROM National Park Service, National Register of Historic Places, 1849 C Street, NW, Suite NC400, Washington, DC 20240. PUB TYPE Guides Classroom - Teacher (052)-- Historical Materials (060) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC01 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *Civil War (United States); *Geography; *Historic Sites; *History Instruction; Middle Schools; *Political Issues; *Primary Sources; Secondary Education; Social Studies; Student Educational Objectives; United States History IDENTIFIERS *Gettysburg Battle; National Register of Historic Places; Pennsylvania ABSTRACT This lesson focuses on the U.S. Civil War Battle of Gettysburg (Pennsylvania) at the beginning of July 1863. The lesson is based on the National Register of Historic Places registration file, "Gettysburg Battlefield Historic District," as well as several primary and secondary sources. It could be used with units on the U.S. Civil War or in geography or ethics courses. The lesson considers the actions of the Union and Confederate armies in the Battle of Gettysburg and the personal choices made by some of the participants. Student objectives and a list of materials are given in the lesson's first section, "About This Lesson." The lesson is divided into the following sections: (1) "Setting the Stage: Historical
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  • Public Commemoration of the Civil War and Monuments to Memory: the Triumph of Robert E
    SSStttooonnnyyy BBBrrrooooookkk UUUnnniiivvveeerrrsssiiitttyyy The official electronic file of this thesis or dissertation is maintained by the University Libraries on behalf of The Graduate School at Stony Brook University. ©©© AAAllllll RRRiiiggghhhtttsss RRReeessseeerrrvvveeeddd bbbyyy AAAuuuttthhhooorrr... Public Commemoration of the Civil War and Monuments to Memory: The Triumph of Robert E. Lee and the Lost Cause A Dissertation Presented By Edward T O’Connell to The Graduate School In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History Stony Brook University August 2008 Copyright by Edward Thomas O’Connell 2008 Stony Brook University The Graduate School Edward T O’Connell We, the dissertation committee for the above candidate for the Doctor of Philosophy degree, hereby recommend acceptance of this dissertation. Wilbur Miller, Professor, Department of History, Dissertation Advisor Herman Lebovics, Professor, Department of History, Chairperson of Defense Nancy Tomes, Chair and Professor, Department of History Jenie Attie, Assistant Professor, C.W. Post College of Long Island University, Outside Member This dissertation is accepted by the Graduate School. Lawrence Martin Dean of the Graduate School ii Abstract of the Dissertation Public Commemoration and Monuments to Memory: The Triumph of Robert E. Lee and the Lost Cause by Edward T. O’Connell Doctor of Philosophy in History Stony Brook University 2008 This dissertation examines the significance of the Virginia Memorial located on the former battlefield of the Gettysburg Military Park in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. Dedicated on June 8, 1917 and prominently featuring an equestrian image of Robert E. Lee, this work of public commemorative art represents a dominant voice in the dialogue of the constructed public memory of the causes and the consequences of the Civil War.
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  • “Never Have I Seen Such a Charge”
    The Army of Northern Virginia in the Gettysburg Campaign “Never Have I Seen Such a Charge” Pender’s Light Division at Gettysburg, July 1 D. Scott Hartwig It was July 1 at Gettysburg and the battle west of town had been raging furiously since 1:30 p.m. By dint of only the hardest fighting troops of Major General Henry Heth’s and Major General Robert E. Rodes’s divisions had driven elements of the Union 1st Corps from their positions along McPherson’s Ridge, back to Seminary Ridge. Here, the bloodied Union regiments and batteries hastily organized a defense to meet the storm they all knew would soon break upon them. This was the last possible line of defense beyond the town and the high ground south of it. It had to be held as long as possible. To break this last line of Union resistance, Confederate Third Corps commander, Lieutenant General Ambrose P. Hill, committed his last reserve, the division of Major General Dorsey Pender. They were the famed Light Division of the Army of Northern Virginia, boasting a battle record from the Seven Days battles to Chancellorsville unsurpassed by any other division in the army. Arguably, it may have been the best division in Lee’s army. Certainly no organization of the army could claim more combat experience. Now, Hill would call upon his old division once more to make a desperate assault to secure victory. In many ways their charge upon Seminary Ridge would be symbolic of why the Army of Northern Virginia had enjoyed an unbroken string of victories through 1862 and 1863, and why they would meet defeat at Gettysburg.
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  • Photographers Appendix
    photographer’s complete appendix Chris Heisey 1. prologue: the photographer (1863). Dead Confederate Soldier, Devil’s Den Alexander Gardner and his assistant Timothy O’Sullivan took this image on July 6, 1863. The Confederate soldier may well be John Rutherford Ash of the Second Georgia, killed on July 2. I. THE FIRST DAY. Union General John Buford Monument, Chambersburg Pike This cirrus cloud–laden sky provided the perfect backdrop to capture the Buford monument as the sun set on the cool, breezy evening of June 24, 2015. 2. carolina. Twenty-Fourth Michigan Monument, Herbst’s Woods On average, the first snow in Gettysburg each winter occurs on December 10, and on that date in 2013, this wet snow beautifully pasted the monument to the Twenty-Fourth Michigan, of the Iron Brigade. 3. incident. McPherson’s Barn and soybean field, Chambersburg Pike Rural lands surrounding the town of Gettysburg are still farmed much as they were in 1863. In front of McPherson’s Barn, where the battle’s first day of fighting happened on July 1, this soybean field along Chambersburg Pike turns a tender shade of yellow. 4. What is truth? McPherson’s Ridge The morning of February 18, 2018, was a particularly frigid one. The camera equipment for most of my Civil War battlefield photography work consists of a Nikon D810 camera body with a 17–35 mm f2.8 lens, mounted on a Gitzo tripod. In addition, I use a handcrafted Singh-Ray LB polarizing filter affixed to my lens to help lessen glare and provide contrast to the image.
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  • Touring the Battlefield
    Touring the Battlefield Barlow Knoll When Maj. Gen. Jubal A. Early’s Confederates smashed Union defend- ers here at 3 p.m., the Federal line north of Gettysburg collapsed. East Cavalry Battlefield Site Here on July 3, during the cannonade that pre- ceded Pickett’s Charge, Union cavalry under Brig. Gen. David McM. Gregg intercepted and then checked Maj. Gen. J.E.B. Stuart’s Confederate cav- alry. For more informa- tion, ask for the free self- guiding tour brochure at the park visitor center in- formation desk. Self-Guiding Auto Tour The complete 24-mile auto July 2, 1863 Federal cannon bombard- 12,000-man “Pickett’s tour starts at the visitor ed South ern forces cross- Charge” against the Fed- cen ter and includes the 4 North Carolina Memorial ing the Rose Farm toward eral center. This was the following 16 tour stops, Early in the day, the Con- the Wheatfield until about climactic moment of the the Barlow Knoll Loop, federate army positioned 6:30 p.m., when Confeder- battle. On July 4, Lee’s and the Historic Down- itself on high ground here ate attacks overran this army began retreating. town Gettysburg Tour. The along Seminary Ridge, position. route traces the three- through town, and north Total casualties (killed, day battle in chron o logi- of Cemetery and Culp’s 11 Plum Run wounded, captured, and cal order. It is flexible hills. Union forces occu- While fighting raged to missing) for the three days enough to allow you to pied Culp’s and Cemetery the south at the Wheat- of fighting were 23,000 include, or skip, cer tain hills, and along Cemetery field and Little Round Top, for the Union army and as points and/or stops, based Ridge south to the Round retreating Union soldiers many as 28,000 for the on your interest.
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  • Cover of 1992 Edition) This Scene from the Gettysburg Cyclorama Painting
    cover of 1992 edition) (cover of 1962 edition) This scene from the Gettysburg Cyclorama painting by Paul Philippoteaux potrays the High Water Mark of the Confederate cause as Southern Troops briefly pentrate the Union lines at the Angle on Cemetery Ridge, July 3, 1863. Photo by Walter B. Lane. GETTYSBURG National Military Park Pennsylvania by Frederick Tilberg National Park Service Historical Handbook Series No. 9 Washington, D.C. 1954 (Revised 1962, Reprint 1992) Contents a. THE SITUATION, SPRING 1863 b. THE PLAN OF CAMPAIGN c. THE FIRST DAY The Two Armies Converge on Gettysburg The Battle of Oak Ridge d. THE SECOND DAY Preliminary Movements and Plans Longstreet Attacks on the Right Warren Saves Little Round Top Culp's Hill e. THE THIRD DAY Cannonade at Dawn: Culp's Hill and Spangler's Spring Lee Plans a Final Thrust Lee and Meade Set the Stage Artillery Duel at One O'clock Climax at Gettysburg Cavalry Action f. END OF INVASION g. LINCOLN AND GETTYSBURG Establishment of a Burial Ground Dedication of the Cemetery Genesis of the Gettysburg Address The Five Autograph Copies of the Gettysburg Address Soldiers' National Monument The Lincoln Address Memorial h. ANNIVERSARY REUNIONS OF CIVIL WAR VETERANS i. THE PARK j. ADMINISTRATION k. SUGGESTED READINGS l. APPENDIX: WEAPONS AND TACTICS AT GETTYSBURG m. GALLERY: F. D. BRISCOE BATTLE PAINTINGS For additional information, visit the Web site for Gettysburg National Military Park Historical Handbook Number Nine 1954 (Revised 1962) This publication is one of a series of handbooks describing the historical and archeological areas in the National Park System administered by the National Park Service of the United States Department of the Interior.
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  • “I Have Never Seen the Like Before”
    “I Have Never Seen the Like Before” Herbst Woods, July 1, 1863 D. Scott Hartwig Of the 160 acres that John Herbst farmed during the summer of 1863, 18 were in a woodlot on the northwestern boundary, adjacent to the farm owned by Edward McPherson. Until July 1, 1863 these woods provided shade for Herbst’s eleven head of cattle, wood for various needs around the farm, and some income. Because of the level of human and animal activity in these woods they were free of undergrowth, except for where they came up against Willoughby Run, a sluggish stream that meandered along their western border. Along this stream willows and brush grew thickly.1 Although Confederate troops passed down the Mummasburg road on June 26 on their way to Gettysburg, either Herbst’s farm was too far off the path of their march, or he was clever about hiding his livestock, for he suffered no losses. His luck at avoiding damage or loss from the Confederate invasion of Pennsylvania began to run out on June 30. It was known that a large force of Confederates had occupied Cashtown on June 29, causing a stir of uneasiness. William Comfort and David Finnefrock, the tenant farmers on the Emmanuel Harmon farm, Herbst’s neighbor west of Willoughby Run, chose to take their horses away to protect them. Herbst and John Slentz, the tenant who farmed the McPherson farm, apparently decided to try their chances and remained on their farms, thinking they stood a better chance of protecting their property if they remained.2 On the morning of June 30 a large Confederate infantry brigade under the command of General James J.
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  • The Civilians at Gettysburg, 1863
    Robert L. Bloom EMERITUS, GETTYSBURG COLLEGE "WE NEVER EXPECTED A BATTLE": THE CIVILIANS AT GETTYSBURG, 1863 M/uch printer's ink has been expended in describing and analyzing M the military aspects of the Battle of Gettysburg. The earliest examples of this genre were newspaper accounts filed from the battle- field during and shortly after the fighting. Soon, there followed more lengthy and detailed treatment beginning with Michael Jacobs' account written a few months after the battle. The most recent book-length contribution to the story is Harry W. Pfanz's exhaustive study of the second day's fighting.' Michael Jacobs, it is true, devoted considerable space to the impact of the battle upon the civilian population caught in its path. But, the greater proportion of his story, like those which followed, focused attention on tactical decisions reached by generals and the movements and valor of the troops. A picture of the plight of the inhabitants of Gettysburg and Adams County and their reactions to their peril has been more often left to novelists and other fiction writers.2 In his recent book, Witness to Gettysburg, Richard Wheeler aims to tell his story "in terms both historical and human, as largely as possible in the words of the participants, both military and civilian, both male and female." 3 His emphasis, however, is on eyewitness accounts of military action as seen by soldiers who were participants. Those residing at the time in Gettysburg and the vicinity, unlike those in other northern (and most southern) towns, saw the face of armed conflict at first hand.
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  • National W Military Park W
    Gettysburg National w Military Park w Map and Guide Three Days in July On June 3, 1863, a month after his dramatic when they were finally overpowered and bombardment that for a time engaged the victory at Chancellorsville, Confederate driven back to Cemetery Hill south of town. massed guns of both sides in a thundering Gen. Robert E. Lee began marching his The Northerners labored long into the night duel for supremacy, but did little to soften Army of Northern Virginia westward from its over their defenses while the bulk of Meade's up the Union lines on Cemetery Ridge. Then, army arrived and took up positions. On July 2 the battelines were drawn up in two sweeping arcs. The main portions of both armies were nearly 1 mile apart on Gettysburg in parallel ridges: Union forces on Cemetery Robert E. Lee, 1863 as seen Ridge, Confederate forces on Seminary Confederate from Seminary commander at Ridge. Ridge to the west. Lee ordered an attack Gettysburg. against both Union flanks. James Long- street's thrust on the Federal left overran the Peach Orchard, left the Wheatfield strewn with dead and wounded, and turned camps around Fredericksburg, Va. As the in a desperate attempt to recapture the Southerners trudged northward into Mary­ partial success of the previous day, some land and Pennsylvania, they were followed 12,000 Confederates under Longstreet's by the Union Army of the Potomac. The George Gordon command advanced across the open fields Northerners had seen a number of com­ Meade, Union commander at toward the Federal center.
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  • “If Ever Men Stayed by Their Guns”
    “If Ever Men Stayed By Their Guns” Leadership in the 1st and 11th Corps Artillery on the First Day of the Battle of Gettysburg Bert Barnett During the Battle of Gettysburg, the roar of cannon mingled with the rattle of small arms during each phase of the engagement. Prominent among the Union forces desperately holding ground on July 1 were the artillery batteries of the 1st and 11th corps of the Army of the Potomac. In the face of heavy enemy fire from both Confederate infantry and artillery, these units repeatedly demonstrated their effectiveness, when well led, against the pressures of mounting numbers. Although ultimately unsuccessful in their defensive stand outside the town, these batteries provided valuable covering fire for their retreating infantry elements, helping to delay the Confederates. What follows is a close-up look at the differing levels of leadership ability within the 1st and 11th corps artillery, and how it shaped the outcome of the first day of battle, July 1, 1863. After the debacle of the Union disaster at Chancellorsville in May 1863, the Army of the Potomac was reorganized, and the artillery command structure was streamlined. Henceforth, all batteries in each corps were placed directly under the control of a single corps artillery chief and no longer attached to divisional commanders. These corps artillery chiefs reported directly to their respective corps commanders, but were also responsive to the overall chief of artillery, Brigadier General Henry Jackson Hunt.1 Hunt, an 1839 graduate of the United States Military Academy, had served in the artillery during the Mexican War and was twice brevetted, gaining the rank of major.
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  • General Roy Stone
    PORTRAIT OF A GENERAL: GENERAL ROY STONE by Richard F. Weingroff In the corridor outside the Federal Highway Administrator's office on the fourth floor of the Department of Transportation Headquarters in Washington, D.C., the wall is lined with portraits of previous chief executives of the Federal highway agency. The portraits begin with General Roy Stone. On October 3, 1893, he established the Office of Road Inquiry (ORI) in the Department of Agriculture. In the black-and-white photograph, General Stone looks sternly to his left, a handsome man with short gray hair and a well-trimmed beard. The narrative accompanying the portrait gives us only the sketchiest outline of his life and accomplishments. Who, then, was General Roy Stone? EARLY YEARS Roy Stone was born on October 17, 1836, in Plattsburg, New York, to Ithiel V. and Sarah Stone. His family had been among the early settlers of the region and his father owned a large estate.1 Roy, who was Ithiel and Sarah's only son, graduated from Union College, Schenectady, New York, in 1856. By the start of the Civil War, Stone was 24 years old and had moved to Warren County, Pennsylvania, where he managed his father's lumber operation. Edwin A. Glover, writing in Bucktailed Wildcats: A Regiment of Civil War Volunteers, provided a description of Stone as a young man at the start of the war: Major Roy Stone, a little more than a year before [had been] busily engaged in directing lumbering operations in the cool mountains of northern Pennsylvania . [His] full beard and hard-bitten demeanor belied his comparative youth .
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