Gettysburg National w Military Park w

Map and Guide

Three Days in July

On June 3, 1863, a month after his dramatic when they were finally overpowered and bombardment that for a time engaged the victory at Chancellorsville, Confederate driven back to Cemetery Hill south of town. massed guns of both sides in a thundering Gen. Robert E. Lee began marching his The Northerners labored long into the night duel for supremacy, but did little to soften Army of Northern Virginia westward from its over their defenses while the bulk of Meade's up the Union lines on Cemetery Ridge. Then, army arrived and took up positions. On July 2 the battelines were drawn up in two sweeping arcs. The main portions of both armies were nearly 1 mile apart on Gettysburg in parallel ridges: Union forces on Cemetery Robert E. Lee, 1863 as seen Ridge, Confederate forces on Seminary Confederate from Seminary commander at Ridge. Ridge to the west. Lee ordered an attack Gettysburg. against both Union flanks. James Long- street's thrust on the Federal left overran the Peach Orchard, left the Wheatfield strewn with dead and wounded, and turned camps around Fredericksburg, Va. As the in a desperate attempt to recapture the Southerners trudged northward into Mary­ partial success of the previous day, some land and Pennsylvania, they were followed 12,000 Confederates under Longstreet's by the Union Army of the Potomac. The George Gordon command advanced across the open fields Northerners had seen a number of com­ Meade, Union commander at toward the Federal center. Only one South­ manders come and go since the beginning Gettysburg. erner in three retired to safety. of the war. During this campaign they re­ With the repulse of this assault, now known ceived yet another new leader, General as Pickett's Charge, the Battle of Gettysburg George G. Meade, whose appointment as was over. The Confederate army that stag­ commander on June 28 was to last through gered back into Virginia was physically and the end of the war. the base of Little Round Top into a spiritually exhausted. Never again would The two armies touched by chance at shambles. Farther north, Richard S. Ewell's Lee attempt an offensive operation of such Gettysburg on June 30. The main battle evening attack on the Federal right at East magnitude. And Meade, though criticized opened on July 1 with Confederates attack­ Cemetery Hill and Culp's Hill, though for not pursuing Lee's troops, would forever ing Union troops on McPherson Ridge west momentarily successful, could not be be remembered as the man who won the of town. Though outnumbered, the Federal exploited to Confederate advantage. battle that has come to be known as the forces held their position until afternoon, On July 3 Lee's artillery opened a 2-hour "High Water Mark of the Confederacy."

The Battlefield Today

Gettysburg National Military Park encom­ Union soldiers who died here are buried battle. Fences, rocks, hills, cannon, and passes more than 25 square miles in and in the National Cemetery where Abraham even the monuments (which were not here around the town of Gettysburg. Upon these Lincoln delivered that simple, poignant then, of course) offer the imaginative visitor peaceful, tilled Pennsylvania fields more statement of purpose—the Gettysburg the opportunity to ponder and try to under­ men fell than in any other battle fought in Address. Parts of the battlefield look much stand what happened here. North America before or since. Many of the the same today as they did at the time of the

How to See the Battlefield

By Car On Foot

Auto Tour. If you have come to Gettysburg The Gettysburg National Military Park offers Heritage Trail. These 9 and 3.5-mile hikes in your car, you may tour the battlefield on many opportunities to get out of your car are used by the Boy Scouts of America as your own with the Auto Tour Map on the and see the battlefield from ground level, as part of their Heritage Trails Program. Ask at other side of this folder. Numbered stops the thousands of men who fought here saw it. the Visitor Center. along the way detail significant events and places of the battle. Allow 2-3 hours. High Water Mark Trail. This one-mile trail Big Round Top Loop Trail. This 1-mile begins and ends at the Cyclorama Center. trail will take you through the natural Licensed Battlefield Guides. The best The short walk will take you over the ground hardwood forest of the area. The trail takes way to see the battlefield is with a guide where the ill-fated Confederate charge of about an hour to walk and begins at the Big licensed by the National Park Service. The July 3 reached its peak. A free trail guide is Round Top parking area. guide will ride with you in your own car and available at the Cyclorama information desk. provide a personal 2 hour tour. The fee for a Part of this trail has been adapted for Granite Farm. The Granite Farm is located car tour is $12. Guides may also be reserved visually impaired visitors. A tape and player at the southern part of the park, near Big for bus tours. Inquire at the park Visitor are available for free loan at the Cyclorama Round Top. This farm was the home of the Center for more information. desk. Slyder family during the battle. The restored farmstead may be reached by a Vi mile trail from the Big Round Top parking area. Visiting the Park

Visitor Center Cyclorama Center Park Rangers Begin your visit here. The Visitor Center has The Cyclorama is a large (356 ft. x 26 ft.) Park Rangers are available to help you plan orientation information, current events painting of Pickett's Charge. Completed by your visit, present conducted talks and schedules, a large collection of Civil War the artist Paul Philippoteaux in 1884, the programs, and answer questions. Rangers artifacts, and licensed guides. The Electric painting is displayed with a dramatic sound also provide first aid and enforce park Map orientation program will prepare you and light show. The Cyclorama Center also regulations. You can find a ranger at the for your tour of the battlefield. A fee is has tour information and exhibits. A fee is Visitor Center, Cyclorama Center, and charged for the Electric Map. charged to view the painting. throughout the park.

The best place to begin your tour of the battlefield is The Cyclorama Center and the National Cemetery the park Visitor Center, shown on the map above. are both only a short walk away.

Gettysburg National The Gettysburg Address Cemetery When the armies marched away from Gettys­ The Gettysburg National Cemetery was David Wills in Gettysburg sometime before burg on July 5, 1863, they left more than dedicated on November 19,1863. The princi­ the dedication. 51,000 casualties, including 6,000 dead. pal speaker, Edward Everett, was a renowned The second draft, written entirely in ink on Most of the dead lay in hasty and inadequate orator and delivered a well-received 2-hour two pages of the same paper used for part graves; some had not been buried at all. This speech. He was followed by President of the first draft, reflects Lincoln's first situation so distressed Pennsylvania's Gov­ Abraham Lincoln, whose short address was revision of the address and, except for the ernor Andrew Curtin, that he commissioned to become one of the masterpieces of the words "under God," constitutes the text of a drive to establish a proper burial ground English language. the speech he delivered at the dedication for the Union dead. Within 4 months of the The Gettysburg Address contains 272 ceremony. Although the exact origin of this battle reinterment began on 17 acres of words and took about two minutes to deliver. draft cannot be determined, evidence sug­ ground that were to become the Gettysburg Contrary to popular belief, Lincoln did not gests that Lincoln wrote it shortly after his National Cemetery. Today the cemetery is write the speech on the back of an envelope return to Washington. the final resting place of 3,722 Union dead on the way to Gettysburg. Actually he took from the battle as well as U.S. veterans from A total of five drafts are known to exist in great pains in its formulation. He wrote the Lincoln's own handwriting. the Spanish-American War through the Viet­ first draft in Washington shortly before nam conflict. November 18 and revised it at the home of

Eisenhower For More Information National Historic Site Gettysburg National Military Park and Eisenhower National Historic Site are administered by the National Park Service, Located adjacent to the battlefield is the U.S. Department of the Interior. Address all farm and retirement home of President and inquiries to the Superintendent, Gettysburg Mrs. Dwight Eisenhower. Due to critical space National Military Park, Gettysburg, PA 17325. limitations in the Eisenhower home and the Information on nearby accommodations, lack of onsite parking, all visits to the site restaurants, and attractions may be obtained are conducted through a reservation/shuttle- from the Gettysburg Travel Council, Gettys­ bus system and begin at the Tour Information burg, PA 17325. Center at the lower end of Gettysburg An accessibility guide to the park for National Military Park Visitor Center. Only a handicapped visitors is available free from limited number of tours are available each any ranger. day and tickets are distributed on a first- come first-served basis. Tickets are free but there is a small fee for the concession- Published by Eastern National Park and Monument Association in cooperation with the National Park operated shuttlebus. Service.

BSC 4/84 Use extreme caution right with the flow ot traf­ into the visitor center or All historic sites, Regulations driving the park roads, fic Park in designated Cyclorama Center or structures, and exhibits, especially where they areas or on the avenues, crowded areas as well as all plants, and Safety Tips intersect with heavily not on the grass Do not animals, and minerals, traveled highways climb on cannon and Running and climbing must be left undisturbed Please obey the posted monuments. youngsters frequently Relic collecting or pos­ speed limits and be fall and injure them­ session of metal detec­ cautious at blind curves Pets must be leashed and selves, so parents are tors within the park is not and on one-way roads attended at all times. urged to closely super­ allowed. Please picnic Gettysburg Bikers should keep to the They may not be taken vise their children in designated areas

%J Tour stop A complete tour of the park consists of 17 tour stops and a visit to East Cavalry Battlefield Site. A brief description of each stop, keyed to the map, is provided below.

Touring the Park An absorbing historical Q The Peach Orchard sion on this hill at 1 p.m. ( J) National Cemetery experience awaits those On July 2 Gen Daniel onjulyl threatened Fed­ Soldiers' National Monu­ who want to tour the Sickles' Union salient eral forces west and ment, commemorating battlefield at their own extended from Devil's north of Gettysburg. Union dead who fell here, pace. The following nar­ Den to here, then angled stands near the spot rative describes stops on northward on the Em- (@ Oak Ridge where President Lincoln the auto tour, which be­ mitsburg Road. Federal Union troops here held delivered his Gettysburg gins at the visitor center. batteries from this high stubbornly against Address. (For walking tours of the ground bombarded Con­ Rodes' advance from park, see the section federates to the south Oak Hill to the north on This concludes the auto "How to See the Battle­ and west before Long- the afternoon of July 1. tour except for the East field" on the other side street's attack shattered Cavalry Battlefield Site, of the folder.) their line. (2 ) Barlow Knoll 5 kilometers (3 miles) When Jubal Early's Con­ east of Gettysburg on Pa. Q High Water Mark Q Pitzer Woods federates smashed 116. Here Union cavalry Here at the Copse of After a skirmish at noon Union defenders here on under Gen. D M. Gregg Trees and The Angle, on July 2, the Confed­ the afternoon of July 1, intercepted and defeated Pickett's charge was erates occupied these the Federal line north of J.E.B, Stuart's cavalry. halted on July 3. This woods Four hours later Gettysburg collapsed. was the climax at they attacked and Note: Bikers are wel- / Gettysburg. smashed Sickles' line From Barlow Knoll, take come on all park roads, along the road .5 kilo­ U.S. 15 toward Gettys­ but the less-traveled Q Pennsylvania Memorial meter (.3 mile) to the burg to the point where roads are best for bi­ On a field noted for its east. it curves right. Just past cycle-riding. The Bike monuments, this one is the curve, turn left on Tours shown on the map outstanding. Statues of y Virginia Memorial Stratton Street. Continue are recommended. The officers and bronze General Lee watched the to East Middle Street, park also has a 13-kilo­ nameplates call the roll gallant charge of July 3 then turn left and drive meter (8-mile) Bridle of nearly 35,000 Penn- from here. And when it east one block to East Trail for those with sylvanians who fought failed, he rode forward Confederate Avenue horses. It begins at here. to the fields in front of you (Liberty Street). Turn McMillan Woods and and rallied his men. right on East Confed­ passes through much of Q Little Round Top erate Avenue and pro­ the second- and third-day Quick action by Meade's Q North Carolina Memorial ceed to Culp's Hill View. battle areas chief engineer, Gen. Along and in front of this Gouverneur Warren, ridge, Lee marshaled (Q Culp's Hill View I alerted Union com­ his forces, among them At dusk on July 2 Gen. manders to the impend­ thousands of North Caro Edward Johnson's Con­ ing Confederate attack linians, for the supreme federates unsuccessfully here on July 2 and foiled effort on July 3. attacked Union troops on southern hopes for early Culp's Hill (ahead), ad­ victory Jj) McPherson Ridge vancing over the fields to Just beyond McPher- your left. Q Devil's Den son's barn, the Battle of Longst reefs J u ly 2 attack Gettysburg began early (2 ) Spangler's Spring cleared Union troops on July 1. Gen. John F. Though repulsed at from these boulders. Reynolds, whose Union Culp's Hill, the Confed­ Confederate sharp­ infantry held this line, erates seized this spring shooters, one of whose was killed in the woods and the Union earth­ barricades can still be to the left. works north of it, only to seen, fired on Little lose them the next Round Top from here. © Eternal Light Peace morning. Memorial 0 The Wheatfield This memorial was ded- { 2) Cemetery Hill Clash after clash of icated in 1938, on the Here Union troops rallied troops on July 2 left 75th anniversary of the late on'July 1, The next these fields blood- battle, to "Peace Eternal evening they repelled a soaked but resulted in in a Nation United." The Confederate assault that little significant gain for arrival of Gen. Robert reached the crest of the either side Rodes Confederate divi­ hill east of this road.