NATIONAL PARK Location Map No. 3 Far South States

United States Department of the Interior Harold L. Ickes, Secretary National Park Service, Newton B. Drury, Director near the center of the city of Chatta­ Guide To Your Parks nooga. In it lie the bodies of more than 15,000 men, most of them vet­ INTRODUCING THE erans of the War between the States. Address the Superintendent, Chat­ tanooga National Cemetery, Chat­ NATIONAL PARK SYSTEM tanooga, Tenn.

ATLANTA CAMPAIGN NATIONAL • EVERY AMERICAN SHARES in an in the National Park System. It in­ inheritance of vast natural resources cludes 27 national parks, 84 national HISTORIC SITE.—Five markers in of superb scenery and spectacular, monuments, and 58 areas of various this area are located at Ringgold awe-inspiring natural phenomena. other classifications. Gap, Rocky Face Ridge, Resaca, Cassville, and New Hope Church, His heritage includes also the cus­ This folder, Location Map No. 3, in northern Georgia. Ringgold Gap toms and traditions brought to our indicates and describes briefly those is the site of one of the final engage­ shores by the people of other coun­ areas administered by the National ments of the Chattanooga campaign, tries of the Old and New Worlds Park Service which are situated in Looking Westward from Cheatham Hill—Kennesaw Mountain National and was occupied as an advanced and the culture of those who dwelt the Far South,—the States of South Battlefield Park outpost during early 1864 by part of in the land before the coming of the Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, white man. An integral part of it Mississippi, Louisiana, and Arkan­ Sherman's forces. On May 7, 1864, The Courtyard of Castillo de San Marcos National Monument also derives from the courage of the sas, and a small portion of southern 7, 1780, between British troops, COWPENS NATIONAL BATTLEFIELD Sherman moved through this gap, Tennessee in which lies a part of principally Tories, under Maj. Pat­ SITE.—This is the scene of Daniel thereby opening the initial phase colonists and the pioneers who Address the Custodian, Kennesaw Address the Custodian, Ocmulgee rick Ferguson, of Lord Cornwallis' Morgan's decisive victory over the of the Atlanta campaign. The other opened up and settled the land to its the Chickamauga and Chattanooga Mountain National Battlefield Park, Revolutionary War Memorial—Cowpens Wilder Memorial at Chickamauga command, and a smaller number of Cherokee Monument—New Echota sites were important points on the National Monument, Box 936, Macon, farthest frontiers and the bold en­ National Military Park. National Battlefield Site British under Banastre Tarleton on American troops, largely southern Marker National Memorial Marietta, Ga. Ga. terprise of those who, for good or January 17, 1781. Located in South march to Atlanta which culminated mountaineers, under Col. William NEW ECHOTA MARKER NATIONAL ill, uncovered and exploited its re­ Carolina, it lies about 18 miles west in the capture of that key southern FORT PULASKI NATIONAL MONU­ Administration Interpretive Service long and fateful drive from Chatta­ Campbell. The latter, assailing Fer­ MEMORIAL.—In north Georgia, a sources. It includes, too, the sacri­ of the Kings Mountain site. November of 1863, succeeded in city on September 2, 1864. MENT.—This area, comprising Cock- nooga to the sea through the heart guson's troops from all sides, and short distance from U. S. Highway fices and the bloodshed of those who Each National Park Service area utilizing frontier methods of fighting, driving the Confederate troops from spur and McQueen's Islands, near The story of the origin of the of the Confederacy. Address the Custodian, Cowpens KENNESAW MOUNTAIN NATIONAL No. 41, lies this small area, the site fought for the freedom of the young is under the immediate supervision stood off repeated downhill charges, these two commanding positions and the mouth of the Savannah River, natural phenomena and the back­ National Battlefield Site, Gaffney, BATTLEFIELD PARK.—This park, lying of the abandoned eastern capital of of a superintendent or custodian and ultimately killed or captured forced them southward to Dalton, contains probably the most interest­ nation and of their sons who, in ground of the historic and prehistoric S. C. 2 miles north of Marietta, Ga., com­ who is the field representative of National Park Areas in the Ferguson's entire force. The his­ the Cherokee Indian nation. Here, other wars, were willing to die for places and objects in the National Ga., where they took up winter ing of that extensive chain of brick the Service and is responsible for Far South States toric ridge on which the engage­ CASTLE PINCKNEY NATIONAL memorates the unsuccessful attempt in 1828, was published the first In­ American principles. This heritage Park Service areas is a fascinating quarters. With the important center masonry forts erected on the At­ the protection and administration of ment was fought lies near the center MONUMENT.—A part of the early de­ by General Sherman's forces to split dian newspaper, printed partly in is the sum of all those ideas and KINGS MOUNTAIN NATIONAL MILI­ of Chattanooga under the control lantic and Gulf Coasts during the the area to which he is assigned. one. In order that visitors may have of the park. fenses of Charleston Harbor in South and destroy the Confederate Army the script invented by the famous actions which have produced the TARY PARK.—In South Carolina, 6 of the Northern armies, that city first half of the nineteenth century. a better understanding and deeper Carolina. This monument is not commanded by Gen. Joseph E. John­ Indian Sequoyah. Under the direction of the super­ miles from the North Carolina town Address the Custodian, Kings Situated on Cockspur Island, Fort United States of America as it is appreciation of what they see, the became the logical starting point of ston, which was defending the ap­ intendent or custodian are uniformed of Kings Mountain, is the site of the Mountain National Military Park, now open to the public. Address the Caretaker, New today. Service, so far as is possible under General Sherman's advance on At­ Pulaski was almost 20 years in the rangers, whose duties are to protect battle which took place on October proach to Atlanta. It includes most York, S. C. CHICKAMAUGA AND CHATTANOOGA lanta and the subsequent "March Echota Marker National Memorial, building; it contains some 25,000,000 Much of the finest scenic, scien­ the areas from fire, vandalism, and war conditions, provides various in­ of the points at which the fighting NATIONAL MILITARY PARK.—Contain­ to the Sea," which split the Con­ Calhoun, Ga. bricks and exemplifies brick masonry tific, historic, prehistoric, and cul­ other damage, and to provide in­ terpretive services. Naturalists and Missionary Ridge—Chickamauga and Illinois Monument—Kennesaw Mountain took place. The majority of the National Battlefield Park ing 8,500 acres, this is the largest OCMULGEE NATIONAL MONUMENT. work at its finest. Of exceptional tural values are represented and formation and assistance to the historians conduct field trips and Chattanooga National Military Park federacy. earthworks, of both Confederate and of the national military parks. It —Adjoins the city of Macon, Ga. interest to the visitor are the many protected in the 169 areas embraced visitor. give talks on animal and plant life, Federal Armies, are well preserved. lies partly in Tennessee and partly Address the Superintendent, Chick­ geology, and history. Signs and The monument contains the remains scars still borne by the old fort as a in Georgia. Its various units, which amauga and Chattanooga National markers help to explain special Though Sherman's troops did not of four successive Indian cultures result of the 30-hour bombardment Centennial Monument in Kings Mountain Kings Mountain National Military include the Civil War battlefields Military Park, Fort Oglethorpe, Ga. National Military Park Park features to the unguided visitor. In succeed in their immediate objec­ in the South, of which the earliest to which it was subjected on April of Chickamauga, Orchard Knob, tive, a repetition of the Northern dates back to approximately 1250 10-11 1862. Considered impregna­ many of the areas, museums pro­ Lookout Mountain, and Missionary CHATTANOOGA NATIONAL CEME­ A.D. In it is an unusual concentra­ ble, it was speedily reduced by the vide vivid supplements to the other Ridge, are within easy access of TERY.—Established by General general's flanking tactics compelled tion of archeological remains, due new rifled cannon used by the at­ means of interpretation. Chattanooga, Tenn. The "lay of Thomas in 1863, when he was in Johnston to abandon the positions to the fact that so many prehistoric tacking Union forces, its surrender the land" of this series of important command of the Union forces in they had successfully defended and hastened by the imminent prospect engagements—with the exception of eastern Tennessee, the cemetery is to withdraw to Atlanta. and historic cultures overlap upon it. History Chickamauga—as well as an inspir­ Three large and four smaller mounds of the destruction of its powder ing view of the Moccasin Bend of indicate the sites of prehistoric cere­ The region covered by this map Earth Lodge—Ocmulgee National the Tennessee River, may be ob­ monial buildings. An earth lodge is especially important in aboriginal Monument Moat at Port Pulaski The City Gates of St. Augustine tained by a visit to Point Park and or council chamber, which the visi­ history as exemplifying the cultural the Adolph S. Ochs Observatory tor may enter, has been carefully relations and attainments of pre­ and Museum at the north end of and accurately reconstructed. The historic Southern Indians Tand in Lookout Mountain. partly completed museum tells the American history as the scene of main facts of the Ocmulgee story. great colonial rivalry between Eng­ Besieged by Confederate forces land and Spain, the Southern Cam­ holding Lookout Mountain and Mis­ In addition, it contains more than a paign of the American Revolution, sionary Ridge after the Union re­ million objects recovered during the Western Campaign of the War pulse at the bloody battle of Chick­ several years of scientifically di­ between the States, and Sherman's amauga, the Union armies, late in rected excavation. NATIONAL PARK Location Map No. 3

Trenches and Breastworks in Vicksburg Vicksburg National Cemetery National Military Park Far South States The Moat at Fort Jefferson Fort Matanzas National Monument Address the Coordinating Super­ The lands included in the park intendent, Natchez Trace National form a belt around three sides of magazine, containing 40,000 pounds rock composed of millions of tiny Parkway, Tupelo, Miss. the city of Vicksburg. Confederate of powder and prepared shells. The marine shells, and is cemented by Avenue and Union Avenue, run­ effectiveness of the rifled cannon oyster-shell lime mortar. It is sur­ TUPELO NATIONAL BATTLEFIELD ning the length of the Confederate showed that the day, of the brick rounded by a 40-foot moat, and must SITE.—On this site in Mississippi, a and Union fortifications, respec­ fortification was ended. be entered by means of a draw­ month after their success at Brice's tively, provide the motorist with ac­ bridge. The walls are from 9 to 16 Crossroads, Forrest's cavalry struck The monument is not open cess to the principal points of in­ feet thick, and the whole beautifully again, on July 13 and 14, but were terest along both lines. to the public during the war. constructed fortification is in an ex­ repulsed. FORT FREDERICA NATIONAL MONU­ cellent state of preservation. The Santa Rosa Island National Monument The museum at Vicksburg not Address the Caretaker, Tupelo MENT.—Lies on St. Simon's Island, secret dungeon, the chapel, the only helps the visitor to understand near Brunswick, Ga. It contains council rooms, and the prisons are gle by Union forces and was put to of Santa Rosa Island, a low, sandy National Battlefield Site, Tupelo, the history of the area during the the remains of the entrenchments and of especial interest. That it was an further military use during the barrier island, extending from Pen- Miss. Civil War, but it also covers the whole range of geologic and hu­ Seeing Hot Springs from Horse-drawn Carriage the "tabby" (oyster shell cement) effective fortification for its day is Spanish-American War. Dr. Samuel sacola Inlet to Chattahoochee Bay, ACKIA BATTLEGROUND NATIONAL citadel built in 1736 by James Ogle­ evidenced by the fact that it suc­ A. Mudd, the physician who set man history as it relates to the a distance of more than 40 miles. MONUMENT.—This area, near Tupe­ lands of the park and their use and thorpe, founder of Georgia, as an cessfully withstood three sieges by John Wilkes Booth's broken leg, was It is characterized by its beaches of lo, Miss., commemorates the Battle VICKSBURG NATIONAL CEMETERY.— fore ratification of the treaty had imprisoned at Fort Jefferson. His occupation. It exemplifies modern outpost defense against the Spanish. English forces. fine white sand and by interesting of Ackia in 1736, in which the Occupying land which, during the formally ended the War of 1812, re­ heroic part in battling the yellow museum techniques in telling its dune formations. siege of 1863, was held by the right sulted from a British attempt to Address the Coordinating Super­ Address the Superintendent, Cas­ fever epidemic there in 1867 is one Chickasaws, aided by English story simply and vividly. wing of General Grant's forces, the capture New Orleans and, with it, intendent, Castillo de San Marcos tillo de San Marcos National Monu­ Address the Coordinating Super­ troops, repulsed the attack of French of the historic episodes in the fort's Address the Superintendent, Vicks­ National Monument, St. Augustine, ment, St. Augustine, Fla. history. intendent, Castillo de San Marcos troops under Bienville and their national cemetery is situated at the control of the Lower Mississippi. burg National Military Park, Vicks­ Fla. National Monument, St. Augustine, Choctaw allies. base of the bluff north of the city of Address the Custodian, Chal­ FORT MATANZAS NATIONAL MONU­ The monument includes the en­ burg, Miss. Vicksburg and overlooks the old CASTILLO DE SAN MARCOS NA­ Fla. mette National Historical Park, MENT.—Situated on the Matanzas tire Dry Tortugas group of islands. Address the Coordinating Super­ bend of the Mississippi. The ceme­ TIONAL MONUMENT.—This monu­ River opposite the south end of In the clear waters about these keys NATCHEZ TRACE NATIONAL PARK­ intendent, Natchez Trace National Chalmette, La. ment, in Florida, was formerly The Memorial Monument—Chalmette tery was established in 1866, and Anastasia Island, Fort Matanzas is is an abundance of readily visible WAY.—This parkway, when com­ Parkway, Tupelo, Miss. National Historical Park known as Fort Marion, and contains of its 17,500 buried veterans of three HOT SPRINGS NATIONAL PARK.— chiefly a defense tower, constructed marine life, and on certain of the pleted, will extend approximately Lies in and near the city of Hot the oldest masonry fort now in ex­ of coquina. It guarded the south VICKSBURG NATIONAL MILITARY wars nearly 13,000 are unknown. keys thousands of noddy and sooty 450 miles across Mississippi, Ala­ Springs, Ark. Its 1,006 acres in­ istence in the United States. Its approach to the city of St. Augus- terns nest each year. bama, and Tennessee from Natchez PARK.—Containing more than 1,300 Address the Superintendent, Vicks­ construction was begun by the Span­ clude several tracts of mountainous tins. Built in 1737, it was effective to Nashville. It will follow as near­ acres, this park, located in Missis­ burg National Cemetery, Vicksburg, ish in 1672 to protect St. Augustine The monument is closed to and attractively wooded territory, in preventing British interference ly as possible the line of the famous sippi and established in 1899, pre­ Miss. and the trade route from the Gulf with relief troops and supplies sent visitors during the war. Natchez Trace, constructed early in serves the site of the decisive battle but the principal interest centers on of Mexico. It is a symmetrically from Havana during the siege of SANTA ROSA ISLAND NATIONAL the last century to provide a link and siege of the western campaign CHALMETTE NATIONAL HISTORICAL the group of 47 hot springs which shaped, four-sided structure, con­ 1740. MONUMENT.—Embraces nearly all between the settlements on the lower of the War between the States. It PARK.—Contains a portion of the give the park and the city its name structed of blocks of coquina, a local site of the extraordinary Battle of Mississippi, acquired with the Louisi­ is noted for its distinctive topog­ and which are generally considered Address the Custodian, Fort Ma­ ana Purchase, and the North and New Orleans, fought on January 8, to have favorable therapeutic effects. tanzas National Monument, St. Au­ Old Natchez Trace, Near Natchez, Miss, raphy and for the extensive remains Hot Shot Furnace in Fort Jefferson East. 1815, between 8,000 veteran British These waters are supplied to a gustine, Fla. of forts, trenches, and earthworks National Monument troops under Sir Edward Pakenham number of hotels and bathhouses, Address the Superintendent, which make it easy for the visitor FORT JEFFERSON NATIONAL MONU­ and 5,000 American troops under which offer baths and accompany­ Natchez Trace National Parkway, to visualize the military operations MENT.—Fort Jefferson, on Garden General Andrew Jackson. In the ing treatments at rates established Tupelo, Miss. carried on there in 1862 and 1863. battle the British were decisively de­ Key, an island of the Dry Tortugas by the Department of the Interior, Nearly 1,600 markers, monuments, feated, General Pakenham was group which form the lonely south­ BRICES CROSSROADS NATIONAL to the Government free bathhouse western tip of the Florida reef, is and memorials serve to commemo­ killed, and total British losses ex­ BATTLEFIELD SITE.—Here Confed­ for the indigent, and to the Army one of the largest brick fortifications rate the actions which took place ceeded 2,000; American losses, in erate cavalry under Gen. Nathan and Navy General Hospital. in the United States. Half-finished Bedford Forrest made a successful there during the long siege and the killed, wounded and missing, totaled at the time of the War between the raid on Sherman's rear, to ease the organizations which participated in 71. The battle, which was fought Address the Superintendent, Hot United States Department of the Interior States, and never completed, it was pressure on their own front, in them, as well as to establish the after the signing of the Treaty of Springs National Park, Hot Springs Harold L. Ickes, Secretary occupied throughout the 4-year strug- June 1864. various troop positions in the field. Ghent providing for peace but be­ National Park, Ark. National Park Service, Newton B. Drury, Director FAR SOUTH STATES LOCATION MAP NO. 3 OF THE NATIONAL PARK SYSTEM UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE

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