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BUll. Ind. Inst. Hist. Med. Vol. XXV p.p 111 to 120 EMINENT AYURVEDIC PHYSICIANS OF NIZAM VI NOD KUMAR BHATNAGAR *S.A. HUSSAIN ** MOMIN All ***

ABSTRACT

It is a biographical work which sheds light on the lives and works of some

of the Ayurvedic Physicians flourisfled during Nizam dynasty. The credit for

development of Ayurveda in goes to the eminent Ayurvedic

Physicians, mentioned in this articles who taught Ayurveda in their private

clinics, rendered their services during the outbreak of epidemics, organised

conferences, compiled very useful works on Ayurveda and establ,ished an

Ayurvedic school on a grand scale which was recognised by the -

government.

Introduction

state of medicine and names of After the decline of Qutub Shahi Physicians in general and Ayurvedic dynasty in 1687 A.D. Deccan was Physicians in particular flourished ruled by the Mughal of during the early period of Nizam Delhi for some period. In 1724 A.D. dynasty. However all the following the Mughal Commander (Subhedar) rulers of this dynasty took interest in of Deccan Qamaruddin the works of public welfare and they Ali declared himself indepen- patronised art, culture and medi- dent proclaiming as Nizamul Mulk cine. Asaf Jah and became the first Nizam 1, Nawab Mir Qamarruddin of Nizam dynasty. This dynasty Ali Khan Nizam-ud-Dawla Fateh Jung continued for 224 Years i.e. upto Asaf Jah (1724-1748 A.D.). After 1948 A.D. It is difficult to collect Nizam 1, his Iind son viz. Nawab Mir detailed account with regard to the Ahmad Ali Naslr Jung (1748-50 A.D.)

* Assistant Research Officer (Ay) Indian Institute of History of Medicine, OMC building, Putlibowli, Hyderabad . •• Assistant 'Research Officer (Unani) - do . ••• Assistant Director i/c do . 112 Ayur, Physicians of Nizam Dynasty: Vinad et al. and Nawab Mir Mohammad Khan Pathashala of Bansi . He learnt Salabat Jung (1750-61 A.D.) ruled Unani Medicine also under over Deccan. Then Nawab Mir Nizam Shifai, the most famous Physician All Khan, Asad Jung, the IVth son of of the period of Nizam the III. Nizaml.(1761-1802 A.D.) ascended 2. Chenna Pattani : Once Nizam the throne as Nizam the IInd in 1761 the third became sick due to ascites A.D. He had received the title of and liver disorder, his feet were "Asaf Jah II" from his immediate swollen. Many vaids and Hakims predicessor. He got fame as "Nizam treated him. Vaidya Chenna Pattani ul Mulk II" also. was also among them. Nizam III Nawab Mir Akbar Ali 3. Gopal Rao: Hakim Gopal Rao Khan Sikender Jah (1802-1829 A.D.), was born in 1869 A.D. at Hyderabad. Nizam IV Nawab Mir Farkhunda Ali He studied medical books in Marathi Khan Nasir -ud- Dawla (1829-1857 and Sanskrit. He was receiving a A.D.), Nizam V Nawab Mir Tehniat grant from the Nizam government Ali Khan Afzal ud Dawla (1857-1869 for his dispensary. A.D.), Nizam VI his Nawab 4. Guruvanna : He was a famous Mir Mehboob Ali Khan Muzufferul surgeon, who flourished in the reign Mulk (1869-1911 A.D.) and Nizam of Nizam the III. VII his exalted highness Nawab Mir 5. Hari Govind : Pandit Hari Govind Osman Ali Khan Muzafferul Mulk was the son of Pandit Shiv Pall. Wal Mumalik, Nizam ud Dawla, Nizam Shiv pall was a famous Brahmin of ul Mulk, Asaf Jah, Fateh Jung, Yar , a great Sanskrit scholar Wafa Dar (1911-1948 A.D.). and an astronomer. He came to Out of the number of eminent Hyderabad travelling various parts physicians / surgeons of different of and settled here due to the systems of medicine flourished dur- royal patronage of Nizam dynasty. ing the Nizam dynasty, the following Hari Govind was born at Hyderabad. Ayurvedic Physicians and Surgeons He learnt , Persian and San- have been selected here for their skrit. He was employed in the Forest brief biographical account. Department, where he got acq-uinted 1. Brij Lal : He was famous as with the knowledge of herbs and "Pediatric Physician". His father's their uses and thus, developed in- name was Jeevan Lal. He got his terest in Ayurveda and learnt it from preliminary education at Kayastha a number of Vaidyas. When he BUll. Ind. Ins!. His!. Med. Vol. XXV 113 earned a great fame in diagnosis 7. Jaggam RaJ: He was born in and treatment of various diseases 1305 A.H. (1888 A.D.). His father's he resigned from his services and name was Narswan Raj. He studied devoted himself fully to Ayurveda. Ayurveda from his father and worked He gained Knowledge of Unani med- with him for 5 years to obtain prac- icinealso from Hakim Tefezzul Hus- tical experience. He was appointed sain. During the out break of plague at a private ctinic which was an epidemic in 1911 A.D. and the influ- grant-in-aid dispensary of the Gov- enza epidemic in 1919 A.D. at ernment. Hakim Maqsood Ali Khan Hyderabad the government allowed the then inspector of the dispensa- him to serve the effected people by ries inspected his clinic and praised which he earned great fame. He him for his services. organised influenza conference in 8. Janardhan : He was an eminent 1919 A.D. that was re-named in Ayurvedic Physician. His -father's 1920 as Nizam Ayurvedic Unani name was Vasudev. When Hakim Tibbi Conference to which he was Hari Govind organised Nizam Ayur- the first Secretary. He had estab- vedic Unani Tibbi Conference, he lished a school to teach Ayurvedic selected some Physicians to work and Unani systems of medicine. A honorarily, among whom there were number of students passed from his Narayan Das, Ram Kishtayya, Prabhu school and served in different parts Dayal, Suraj Pershad, Ram Raj and of Nizam's state. He was a lover of Janardhan. Janardhan was the music and a poet but, some- organising Secretary of the confer- times he composed verses in Urdu ence for several times. and Persian also. He was appointed Kochin had granted him the title of in the court of Nizam. He was also "Vaidya Shushan", a medal and a private physician to Sir Kishan Per- certificate for his untiring efforts for shad, the then Prime Minister. He the cause of propagation of Ayur- spent a lot of money for development veda in a conference. He used to of Ayurveda. He died at the age of spend hundreds of rupees for poor 75 Years in 1933 A.D. people. Janardhan and his col- 6. Jagannath Misri: He was a leagues had established a medical very famous Ayurvedic Physician, centre namely Nizam Ayurveda Sadar who lived in the period of Nizam the Dawakhana at Bazar which III. He was a specialist in Children's was recognised by the government diseases. 114 Ayur,Physicions of Nizam Dynasty: Vinod et al. in1350F.(1941A.D.). The medical children's diseases. Jeevan Lal died centre was praised by different gov- on 1-1 0-1342A.H. (6 May, 1924 A.D.). ernment officers. After sometime the 10. Kammal : He was the chief of all medical centre and its clinic were court surgeons of Nizam the 1st and taken over by the Government under there was no other surgeon equal to its supervision. He was Secretary to him all India Padmashali Conference 11. Krupa Shanker: He was born continously for 10 years. Once he in 1862 A.D. He learned Unani medi- presided over the conference when cine from Hakim Ishaq Ali and Hakim it was held in 1939 A.D. He was an Munawar Ali and European medi- active member of the Nizam Ayurvedic cine from Dr. Luqmanuddowlah. He Unani Tibbi Conference, Anjuman- practised both Unani and Ayur- e-Atibba-e-Unani and Mejlis-e-Sehhet- veda. He was a good poet also and e-Aamma. He had great fame in the composed many Urdu poems. treatment of paralysis, tuberculosis 12. Shanker Agnihotri: He and the diseases of heart. He was was born in Hyderabad on 15th July, founder of Vasudev Ayurved Phar- 1918 A.D. His father was Suraj macy. Prasad, a renowned Ayurvedic Phy- 9. Jeevan Lal: He was a renowned sician of Hyderabad during the pe- Ayurvedic Physician. His father's riod of Nizam the VI. He completed name was Kishan Lal. His family 'Ayurved Visharad' from Nizam was famous in the field of Ayurveda. Ayurvedic College in the Year 1946. Shankar Das, his grand father was He had also got Ayurved Bhisak the first physician of his family, who Bhushan from Delhi and Ayurveda had two sons Kanhaya Lal and Suchi Visharad from Jhansi. He Kishan Lal, both of them were re- practised at Sitaphalmandi, nowned Ayurvedic physicians. Kis- . He participated along han Lal, had two sons Jeevan Lal with his father Hk. Suraj Prasad in and Rajju l.al. Both of them ren- the plague camp during its out break dered valuable services towards the at Hyderabad in 1911 A.D. upliftment of Ayurveda. Shifa 13. Mallaiah : He was born in 1315 Hyderabadi, the author of Atibba-e- F (1906 A. D.) His father's name was ahd-e-Osmani mentions that these Maha Devayya from whom he got two physicians were the Aristotles medical education. Originally his of that time and they were experts in dispensary was established by his Bull. Ind. Ins!. His!. Med. Vol. XXV 115

7th fore-father, at Hansty in 900 16. Narayan Oas : He was one of A.H. (1480 A.D.). In this way his the very famous physicians of dispensary was over five hundred Hyderabad. His father's name was Years old. His family had very old HK. Ramayya. His 7th grandfather medical books in Kannada language had gone to Banaras for business which were inherrited from genera- purpose, there he saw that, Ayurve- tion to generation. Apart from this, dic medicine was being taught on a there were a good number of medi- grand scale so, desired that, his son cal prescriptions of proved efficacy. should also learn this science. From HK. Hamed Hasan. Afserul Atibba that time onwards, Ayurveda had (The Chief Medical Officer) had vis- been the heritage of this family. His ited his clinic and praised his work. peternal grandfather Eriah used to 14. Mohammad Ali: His ances- treat Maharaja Chandu Lal's family. tors came from Machilipatnam. He Narayandas was 5 Years old when was born in 1853A.D. He practised his father died. He was educated both Unani as well as Ayurveda dur- and trained under his brother, Raj- ing the reign of Nizam the VI. He aiah. After completing his prelimi- cured a number of cases which were nary education he joined Hakim Ha- declared incurable. ri Govind's dispensary where he stu- 15. Motilal : He was born in 1881 died Ayurveda and got training. He A.D. His father's name was Rooplal. star-ted his dispensary in 1907 A.D. He belonged to Kayestha family. He was granted a gold watch by Even from his childhood, Motilal had Nawab Salarjung Bahadur as a re- an inclination towards medicine.Af- ward in recongnition of his meritori- ter completing his primary educa- ous services during the out break of tion he went to Hakim Rajjulal and plaque in 1911 A.D. The Nizam became his disciple and worked for Ayurvedic Unani Tibbi Conference 30 Years under him. Hakim Rajju Lal awarded him a certificate and a not only taught him Ayurveda but medal on account of his valuable also handed over his dispensary to services to the conference. He also him. Hakim Motilal run the dispen- served as the family Vaidya ofYemi- sary independently after the death nus Sultanat, Sir Kishan Pershad. of his teacher and earned great He was acquinted with Unani medi- fame particularly for the treatment cine and used this system also in his of Children's Diseases. practice. 116' Ayur.Physicions af Nizam Dynasty: Vlnod et al.

17. Nari Venglum Narsiah : He ied Ayurveda in the Shiva Chandra was a native of Karimnagar Dis- Keertan's college at Haridwar, ob- trict. His father's name was Hakim tained the certificates of Ayurveda Kishtaiah. He was born in 1300 F Visharadha and Bishgacharya and (1891 A.D.). He received his pri- started teaching Ayurveda privately. mary education from his father. He In 1344 F, (1935 A.D.) the Nizam's studied Ayurveda under Hakim hari Ayurvedic College was established Govind. He was receiving a grant through his efforts and he was ap- from the Nizam's government, for pointed as its first principal. He was his dispensary. also Superindendent of Nizam Ayur- 18. Netwar Lal Shastry: He was vedic Sadar Dawakhana. Apart from born in 1303 F (1894 A.D.). He was this he was a writer and an astrolo- the son of Manik Ram Shastri. Four ger. He died on 27th May, 1969.A.D. generations of his family seved 20. Rajju Lal : He was the son of Ayurveda. According to Shifa Hakim Kishan La!. He and his brother Hyderabadi, (The author of Atibba- Jeevan Lal were counted in their a-ahd-e-Osmani) the books written period among the most famous phy- in Sanskrit by his father, pandit Manik sicians of Hyderabad city. He had Rao are still regarded as val-uable received grants from the Govern- and two of his brothers Ganpet Lal ment and the estate of Khursheed Shastry (Vaidya Bhishen Ayur'ved Jah. In those days Ayurvedic medi- Munishi) and Shanker Lal Shastri cine was called Misri Tibb and the (Ayurved Suri) were also practising practitioners of this system did not Ayurved. His native place was teach this science to anyone except Aurangabad. His dispensary was the members of their family. But also at Aurangabad. the officers of Hakim Rajjulal allowed his student Govt. Unani Medical department Motilal, whole-heartedly to work and praised his work and increased the learn this system in his dispensary. grant. He took interest forthe devel- As he had no son, his student, Motilal opment of Ayurveda. became successor and incharge of 19. Radha Krishna : He was a his dispensary. Hakim Rajjulal died renowned Ayurvedic Scholar, His in 1337 F (1927 A.D.). father was Pt. Hulasi Ram Dwivedi. 21. Ram Bhatt: He was in the team Medicine was his ancestral profes- of vaids and Hakeems appointed for sion. He completed his higher stud- the treatment of Nizam the III when ies in Sanskrit at Banaras and stud- Bull. Ind. Inst. His!. Med. Vol. XXV 117 he was suffering with ascites and Secretary to Nizam Ayurvedic Unani weakness of liver. Tibbi Conference, Hyderabad, after 22. Ramchander : He lived during the demise of Hakim Harigovind, He the reigns of Nizam the III and IV. rendered his services during the He was the son of Guruanna and a epidemic of influenza and plague. famous surgeon whose name is com- He had keen interest in Philosophy memorated by a street near Panja and History of Ayurvedic Medicine. in Hyderabad. He cured the He received many certificates, and wound on the leg of Bahram Jung in awards, from the Nizam Ayurvedic & an efficient manner. Once he un- Unani Tibbi Conference on various dertook a successful operation of occations. an ulcer in the presence. of two 25. Ramraj: He was born in 1308 European surgeons Dr. Cauntry and F (1898 A.D.). His father's name Dr. Boor. His skill in surgery was was Narsaraj. After completing pri- aplauded by both the doctors, say- mary education he became disciple ing that they had not come across, of Pandit Harigovind and learnt such an expert surgeon even in Ayurveda along with practical expe- England. Ram Chander was given rience. He was an active member of a fixed salary of RS.500/- P.M. from the Nizam Ayurvedic Unani Tibbi Nizam's Govt. Conference. At an annual meeting 23. Ramkiran : He was the son of of the Conference he was given a Pandit Vaidya Parak Ghansiram. He certificate and an ornament by Maha was born in Udaypur, he came to Raja Cochin. He was appointed as Hyderabad with his father at the age physician in Nizam Ayurvedic Sadar of seven years. He learnt Ayurveda Dawakhana in 1344 F (1926 A.D.). from his uncle Pandit Rajaram Lalaji He died in the year 1963. who was the famous vaid at that 26. Rukkanna Jiv : He lived during time. the period of Nizam the VI. His 24. Ramakrishna: He was a son of father's name was Ganganna. Rukkan- Vaidya Venkat Ramaiah. He learnt na learnt Ayurveda from his father Ayurveda from Shri Mahadev Prasad and became very famous. He cured Banarasi and Un ani from Tafazul many cases which were considered Hussain and got practical experi- almost incurable. On various criti- ence under the supervision of Pandit cal occassions he treated his pa- Harigovind. He also taught Ayurvedic tients in such a way that famous Medicine to his disciples. He was doctors and Hakims were surprised. 118 Ayur,Physicions of Nizam Dynasty: Vinod et a/.

He was drawing salaries from vari- became the desciple of Hakeem ous nobles of Nizam's dominion. He Harigovind and got a certificate from used Ayurvedic medicines mostly the Nizam Ayurvedic Unani Tibbi prepared from herbs. Conference. He was a good physi- 27. Rangachary :He was born in a cian of Homeopathy also. village of Mahboobnagar district in 29. Sheik Hyder Misri : Nizam the 1310F(1900A.D.). Hewastheson III had great interest in Indian Medi- of Hakeem Raghavachari. He was cine. He himself gathered his own well versed in Urdu, Persian, Telugu observations and experiments. His and Sanskrit. He passed the Di- collection on Ayurveda was compi- ploma 'Ayurvedic Vidwan' from Mad- led under the editorship of Hakeem ras Ayurvedic College and obtained Sheik Hyder Misri. This work en- practical experience from his family titled 'Kharabadeen-e-Hindi' contains members who were expert in Ayurveda. only those Ayurvedic preperations He was an active member of the which were used and experimented Nizam Ayurvedic and Unani Tibbi in treatment of various diseases by conference and Vice-principal of the Nizam himself. Nizam Ayurvedic College. He ren- 30. Venkatram : He was a famous dered his services as a physician in surgeon, who flourished during the Nizam Ayurvedic Sa-dar Dawakhana reigns of Nizam the III and the IV. (Sultan Bazar). He was alive till the He was residing at old Id-gah, a publication of the book -Atibba-e- locality in Hyderabad. Ahd-e-Osmani' in 1952. 31. Yellanna : He was a famous 28. Sita Ramdas : He was the son surgeon. Once when Mubaraz-ul- of Hakeem Ram Das. He was heredia- Mulk Zafar-ul-Dowla of Dhonsa was tary physician and learnt Ayurvedic attacked by cancer, then Nizam the Medicine from his father at his na- II had appointed him along with tive place Mangapet. After a long Hakim Baquar Khan Maseehuddowla time he came to Hyderabad and for treatment. Bull. Ind. Inst. Hist. Med. Vol. XXV 119

REFERENCES

1. Farroqui Rahbar : 1326 AH Islamic Tibb printed in Azamsteam Press, Hyderabad. P. 165, 169, 185.

2. Shifa Hyderabadi: 1952 Tazkera Atibba-e-Ahd-e- Osmani;Shifa Press, Hyderabad. P-64, 91 t094, 98, 102,146,183,188,189,195,200,232, 237.

3. Hussain S.A. : 1975 Physicians of Hyderabad during NizamlV, V and VI Bull. Ind. Instt. Hist. Med. Vol XVI P. 58 to 71.

4. Siddiqui, 1958 Medical practitioners of A.M.& ,D.V.S Hyderabad,under "Asaf Jahi " published in Indian Journal of the His- tory of Medicine" Vol. III No.2; Dee' 1958,Pub. for the Indian Association ofthe History of Medicine, 497 .Poonamalle High Road, Madras - 7(lndia) P.Nos. 27-33.

5.Reddy,D.V.S. : 1961 Proceedings of the acadamy of medical Science (Spl. number of Medical His- tory) published by the Acadamy of Medical Sciences Hyderabad, A.P.; Vol. III No. 4, P.Nos. 37 to 44. 120 Ayur,Physicions of Nizam Dynasty: Vinod et at. mmr

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