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School of Natural Sciences Natural of School of School Science Social of School

School of Historical Studies Historical of School Science Social of School Studies Historical of School Mathematics of School Sciences Natural of School Mathematics of School Sciences Natural of School

PROFESSOR PROFESSOR PROFESSOR

CHARLES SIMONYI CHARLES MAASS H. HERBERT EMERITUS PROFESSOR EMERITUS PROFESSOR PROFESSOR PROFESSOR PROFESSOR BLACK RICHARD PROFESSOR PROFESSOR LINDER F. HAROLD

Edward Witten Edward Wigderson Avi White Morton Walzer Michael Staden von Heinrich Voevodsky Vladimir Tremaine Scott Spencer Thomas Seiberg Nathan Scott Wallach Joan

School of Social Science Social of School Studies Historical of School Mathematics of School

School of Mathematics of School Studies Historical of School Sciences Natural of School Sciences Natural of School Studies Historical of School Mathematics of School Studies Historical of School

PROFESSOR PROFESSOR PROFESSOR

PROFESSOR PROFESSOR EMERITUS PROFESSOR HIRSCHMAN O. ALBERT KENNAN F. GEORGE PROFESSOR WEYL HERMANN PROFESSOR EMERITUS PROFESSOR EMERITUS PROFESSOR PROFESSOR

Jonathan Israel Jonathan Peter Paret Peter Maskin S. Eric Margalit Avishai Maldacena Juan MacPherson Robert Levine J. Arnold Lavin Irving Langlands P. Robert

Interdisciplinary Studies Interdisciplinary School of Historical Studies Historical of School Studies Historical of School

Program in Program Science Social of School Studies Historical of School Mathematics of School Studies Historical of School Sciences Natural of School Sciences Natural of School Mathematics of School

IN EAST ASIAN STUDIES ASIAN EAST IN PROFESSOR

PROFESSOR EMERITUS PROFESSOR EMERITUS PROFESSOR PROFESSOR EMERITUS PROFESSOR PROFESSOR EMERITUS PROFESSOR PROFESSOR FOUNDATION LUCE PROFESSOR MELLON W. ANDREW

Phillip A. Griffiths A. Phillip Grabar Oleg Goldreich Peter Dyson J. Freeman Cosmo Di Nicola Deligne Pierre Crone Patricia Piet Hut Piet Hirschman O. Albert Habicht Christian

School of Natural Sciences Natural of School Science Social of School School of Mathematics of School

School of Historical Studies Historical of School Studies Historical of School Studies Historical of School Mathematics of School Studies Historical of School Sciences Natural of School

PROFESSOR PROFESSOR PROFESSOR

PROFESSOR FOUNDATION UPS PROFESSOR DIRECTOR PROFESSOR EMERITUS PROFESSOR PROFESSOR EMERITUS PROFESSOR PROFESSOR NEUMANN VON IBM (from January 1, 2008) 1, January (from

Giles Constable Giles Bynum Walker Caroline Bowersock W. Glen Bourgain Jean Bombieri Enrico Bois Yve-Alain Arkani-Hamed Nima Allen Danielle Adler L. Stephen Goddard Peter

F 2007-2008 E CLYAND ACULTY MERITI

I S A NSTITUTE TUDY DVANCED for

PAST DIRECTORS (in order of service) ABRAHAM FLEXNER • FRANK AYDELOTTE I NSTITUTE J. ROBERT OPPENHEIMER • CARL KAYSEN • HARRY WOOLF for A DVANCED S TUDY MARVIN L. GOLDBERGER • PHILLIP A. GRIFFITHS

FACULTY AND M EMBERS PAST FACULTY 2007-2008 JAMES W. ALEXANDER • ANDREW E. Z. ALFÖLDI • MICHAEL F. ATIYAH

JOHN N. BAHCALL • ARNE K. A. BEURLING • ARMAND BOREL

LUIS A. CAFFARELLI • HAROLD F. CHERNISS • MARSHALL CLAGETT

JOSÉ CUTILEIRO • ROGER F. DASHEN • EDWARD M. EARLE

ALBERT EINSTEIN • JOHN H. ELLIOTT • CLIFFORD GEERTZ

FELIX GILBERT • JAMES F. GILLIAM • KURT GÖDEL • HETTY GOLDMAN

HARISH-CHANDRA • ERNST HERZFELD • LARS V. HÖRMANDER

ERNST H. KANTOROWICZ • GEORGE F. KENNAN • T. D. LEE

ELIAS A. LOWE • JACK F. MATLOCK, Jr. • MILLARD MEISS

BENJAMIN D. MERITT • JOHN W. MILNOR • DAVID MITRANY

DEANE MONTGOMERY • MARSTON MORSE • J. ROBERT OPPENHEIMER

ABRAHAM PAIS • ERWIN PANOFSKY • TULLIO E. REGGE

WINFIELD W. RIEFLER • MARSHALL N. ROSENBLUTH •

KENNETH M. SETTON • CARL L. SIEGEL • WALTER W. STEWART

BENGT G. D. STRÖMGREN • HOMER A. THOMPSON • KIRK VARNEDOE

OSWALD VEBLEN • JOHN von NEUMANN • ROBERT B. WARREN

ANDRÉ WEIL • HERMANN WEYL • EINSTEIN DRIVE

FRANK WILCZEK • ERNEST LLEWELLYN WOODWARD PRINCETON, NEW JERSEY www.ias.edu C. N. YANG • SHING-TUNG YAU INSTITUTE for ADVANCED STUDY MEMBERS, VISITORS, AND RESEARCH STAFF 2007-2008

SCHOOL OF HISTORICAL STUDIES

KAZIM ABDULLAEV SUSAN BOYNTON LUC DUERLOO URSULA GOLDENBAUM BARBARA KOWALZIG DAVID O’BRIEN JOHN BELDON SCOTT KEVIN VAN BLADEL Art and Archaeology of Central History of Music and Medieval Early Modern International Early Modern Intellectual History · Classics · Royal Holloway, Art History · University of Art History · University Classics and Arabic/Islamic Studies · Asia · Institute of Archaeology, Studies · Columbia University · n Relations · Universiteit Emory University University of London Illinois at Urbana-Champaign · f of Iowa · v, f University of Southern Samarkand · v, s Antwerpen · s California · f PHILIP BULLOCK DAVID F. GRAF WALTER (ROY) LAIRD CORMAC Ó GRÁDA JONATHAN SKAFF RICHARD ABELS Russian Music, Literature, and SVEN DUPRÉ Greek and Roman Near East · History of Science · Carleton Economic History · University Chinese History · Shippensburg ALEXANDER VERLINSKY Medieval Military History · The Culture · · f History of Science · Ghent University of Miami · s University, Ottawa College Dublin · f University · f Classics, Ancient Philosophy · United States Naval Academy · University · v, f State University of f · v, s WILLIAM CAFERRO BROOKE HOLMES JODI MAGNESS GLENN PEERS OLEKSANDR SYMONENKO St. Petersburg, Bibliotheca Medieval History · Vanderbilt MARTIN EISNER Classics · Archaeology · University Art History, Medieval Studies · Archaeology · Institute of Classica Petropolitana · s ADITYA BEHL University · s Literary History · of North Carolina at University of Texas at Austin Arch ae ology (Ukrainian Islamic Studies, South Asia · Duke University · s DAVID HOWELL Chapel Hill · s National Academy of THOMAS WEBER University of Pennsylvania LUIGI CAPOGROSSI Japanese History · Princeton BEATE PONGRATZ- Sciences) · s Modern European History · COLOGNESI ANDREA FALCON University · v PETER ALEXANDER LEISTEN University of Pennsylvania PERSIS BERLEKAMP Roman Legal and Economic Ancient Philosophy · MEYERS Ancient Near Eastern Studies · CYNTHIA TALBOT Islamic Studies, History of Art · History · Università degli Studi Concordia University · s Intellectual History and Political Princeton University · n South Asian History · University WITOLD WITAKOWSKI MASOUD JAFARIJAZE University of Chicago di Roma “La Sapienza” · v, s Theory · Université Paris 3 · v of Texas at Austin Semitic Studies · Islamic History · Institute for ARSENIO FERRACES- JONATHAN RÉE Uppsala University Advanced Study · a DAVID BILLINGTON STEPHEN CLUCAS RODRÍGUEZ SERGEY MINYAEV Philosophy, Intellectual History · GIACOMO TODESCHINI Architecture and Engineering · Intellectual History · University Classics · Universidad de Archaeology and Art History · Roehampton University · f Medieval History · Università MARGHERITA ZANASI YOSEF KAPLAN Princeton University · v, f of London · v, f La Coruña · s Russian Academy of Sciences · s di Trieste · s Chinese History · Louisiana Social and Cultural History · The DENIS ROUSSET State University · n Hebrew University of Jerusalem JOSEPH BLASI HAROLD COOK OFER GAL IAN MOYER Ancient History · École Pratique NANCY J. TROY Social and Economic History · History of Medicine · University History and Philosophy of Science · Ancient History · University des Hautes Études Art History · University of GRAHAM ZANKER Rutgers, The State University College London · f University of Sydney · f PETER KLEIN of Michigan Southern California · f Classics, Hellenistic Poetry · of New Jersey Art History · Universität JUTTA SCHICKORE University of Canterbury, New BRYAN CUEVAS DETLEF GARZ Tübingen UTA NITSCHKE-STUMPF History of Science · Indiana NURIT TSAFRIR Zealand · v, f ANNE-MARIE BOUCHÉ East Asian and Tibetan Studies · Exile Studies · Johannes History of Architecture, History University Medieval Islamic Law · Medieval History · Institute for Florida State University Gutenberg University Mainz of Berlin · Institute for Tel Aviv University Advanced Study · a Advanced Study · a

SCHOOL OF MATHEMATICS

ADI AKAVIA EMMANUEL BREUILLARD LOTHAR GOETTSCHE ATSUSHI ICHINO ALINA MARIAN DMITRY ORLOV SUG WOO SHIN CORINNA ULCIGRAI Complexity, Coding Theory · Ergodic Theory, · Algebraic Geometry, Automorphic Forms · Osaka City Algebraic Geometry, Represen - Mirror Symmetry · Steklov Number Theory, Shimura Dynamical Systems, Ergodic Massachusetts Institute of École Polytechnique · f Mathematical Physics · University tation Theory · Mathematical Institute, Varieties · Theory · Princeton University · s Technology International Centre for Russia · s XI CHEN Theoretical Physics · s RUSSELL IMPAGLIAZZO WILLIAM A. MASSEY ILYA SHKREDOV MONICA VISAN DANIEL ALLCOCK Game Theory, Complexity Computational Complexity · Dynamical Queueing Systems · VICTOR OSTRIK Number Theory, Ergodic Theory · Nonlinear PDE · Institute for Discrete Groups, Algebraic Theory · Tsinghua University WILLIAM GOLDMAN University of California, Princeton University Character Sheaves, Tensor Moscow State University · f Advanced Study Geometry · The University of Moduli Spaces · University San Diego · vp Categories · University Texas at Austin · s KEVIN COSTELLO of Maryland · s KEVIN MCGERTY of Oregon · f LIOR SILBERMAN VADIM VOLOGODSKY Combinatorics, Discrete YUKARI ITO Modular Representation Theory, Locally Symmetric Spaces · Algebraic Geometry · University NOGA ALON Probability · Rutgers, The State MARK GORESKY Algebraic Geometry · Geometry · Imperial College · s DINH HUONG PHAM Harvard University of Chicago · s Combinatorics · Tel Aviv University of New Jersey Geometry, Automorphic Forms · Nagoya University Algebraic Geometry · University · vp, s Institute for Advanced Study EMANUEL MILMAN Université de Paris 11 · f JOZSEF SOLYMOSI VAN VU CIPRIAN DEMETER JUHI JANG Asymptotic Geometric Analysis, Combinatorics · University of Combinatorics · Rutgers, The CLARK BARWICK Ergodic Theory, Harmonic ANDREW GRANVILLE Fluid Mechanics, Kinetic Theory · Convex Geometry ·The ANUP RAO British Columbia · f State University of New Jersey · f Homotopical Algebraic Geometry · Analysis · University of Analytic Number Theory · Brown University Weizmann Institute of Science Theoretical Computer Science · University of Oslo · v, f · s California, Los Angeles University of Montreal · f University of Texas at Austin CATHARINA STROPPEL BENJAMIN WEBSTER TALI KAUFMAN IVAN MIRKOVIC Representation Theory · Representation Theory, Field DMITRI BELIAEV BRENT DORAN BEN GREEN Algorithms · Institute for Group Representations · ALEXANDER RAZBOROV University of Glasgow · vnecf Theory · University of Function Theory · Institute for Geometric Invariant Theory · Arithmetic Combinatorics · Advanced Study University of Massachusetts Combinatorics, Computer California, Berkeley Advanced Study · vri Institute for Advanced Study Centre for Mathematical Science · Institute for BENJAMIN SUDAKOV Sciences · f DUBI KELMER SOPHIE MOREL Advanced Study · vp Combinatorics, Number Theory · ANDREW WILES DAVID BEN-ZVI BARBARA FANTECHI Number Theory, Quantum Shimura Varieties · Institute Princeton University · f · Geometric · Quantum Cohomology · Scuola SERGEI GUKOV Chaos · Tel Aviv University for Advanced Study SIMON RICHE Princeton University · v The University of Texas Internazionale Superiore di Representation Theory, Algebraic Groups, Lie Algebras · ENDRE SZEMERÉDI at Austin · s Studi Avanzati, Italy · s Geometry, Physics · University MIKHAIL KHOVANOV DAVID NADLER Université de Paris 6 · s Number Theory, Graph Theory · JULIA WOLF of California, Santa Barbara Geometric Representation Theory · Representation Theory, Rutgers, The State University Arithmetic Combinatorics · ROMAN BEZRUKAVNIKOV MICHAEL FINKELBERG Columbia University · vnecf Algebraic Geometry, Physics · LEONID RYBNIKOV of New Jersey University of · f Representation Theory, Quantum Groups · Independent VENKATESAN Northwestern University · s Quantum Systems, D-modules · Massachusetts University of Moscow · s GURUSWAMI ROWAN KILLIP Kac-Moody Algebras · DINESH THAKUR SERGEY YEKHANIN Institute of Technology Theory of Computation · Spectral Theory, Random HIRAKU NAKAJIMA Institute for Theoretical and Number Theory, Algebraic Complexity Theory · ALEXANDER GAMBURD University of Washington Matrices · Institute for Geometry, Representation Experimental Physics Geometry · University of Massachusetts Institute PHILIP BOALCH Arithmetic Combinatorics · Advanced Study Theory · Kyoto University Arizona · s of Technology Moduli Spaces of Meromorphic University of California, Santa NIR HALMAN ALIREZA SALEHI Connections · École Normale Cruz · vnecf Optimization, Stochastic SERGEI KONYAGIN MELVYN NATHANSON GOLSEFIDY VALERIO TOLEDANO BEI ZHANG Supérieure · f Programming · Institute for Harmonic Analysis · Additive Combinatorics · City Semisimple Lie Groups · Institute LAREDO Number Theory · Columbia JAYCE R. GETZ Advanced Study · v Moscow State University · f University of New York- for Advanced Study · vri Quantum Groups · University MITYA BOYARCHENKO Number Theory · University of Lehman College · v, f Northeastern University · f Character Sheaves for Unipotent Wisconsin at Madison · vri HARALD HELFGOTT DONG LI TOM SANDERS XIAOYI ZHANG Groups · University of Chicago · s Linear Algebraic Groups · Mathematical Physics, Fluid BAO CHÂU NGÔ Additive Combinatorics · LUCA TREVISAN Nonlinear Equations, Harmonic ALEXEY GLIBICHUK Bristol University · f Dynamics · Institute for Algebraic Geometry, Group Computational Complexity · Analysis · Academy of ALEXANDER BRAVERMAN Sum-Product Estimates · Advanced Study Theory · Université de Paris 11 University of California, Mathematics and System Representation Theory, Algebraic Moscow State University · f MICHAEL HOCHMAN OLIVIER SCHIFFMANN Berkeley · f Sciences Geometry · Brown University · s Dynamical Systems · ELON LINDENSTRAUSS TUAN NGÔ DAC Geometric Representation Theory · The Hebrew University Ergodic Theory · Algebraic Geometry · Université École Normale Supérieure · s of Jerusalem · vri Princeton University · f de Paris 13 · s

SCHOOL OF NATURAL SCIENCES

PRASHANTH A.K. NIELS EMIL JANNIK DAVIDE GAIOTTO PAUL LANGACKER MARGARET PAN DOUGLAS RUDD ANDREI STARINETS ALEXEI VAZQUEZ Biology · Institute for BJERRUM-BOHR Particle Physics · Harvard Particle Physics · Institute for Astrophysics · Institute for Astrophysics · University Particle Physics · University of Biology · Institute for Advanced Study · s Mathematical and Particle Physics · University Advanced Study Advanced Study of Chicago Southampton · s Advanced Study Institute for Advanced Study GURINDER ATWAL SIMEON HELLERMAN RACHEL MANDELBAUM MICHELE PAPUCCI MARTIN SCHNABL GUSTAVO STOLOVITSKY TOMER VOLANSKY Biology · Institute for GARETH BOND Mathematical and Particle Physics · Astrophysics · Institute for Particle Physics · University of Mathematical and Particle Physics · Biology · IBM T. J. Watson Particle Physics · The Weizmann Advanced Study Biology · Institute for Institute for Advanced Study · m Advanced Study California, Berkeley Institute for Advanced Study Research Center · s Institute of Science Advanced Study GIL PAZ VIJAY KEVIN HENG DARIO MARTELLI ALEXIA SCHULZ IAN SWANSON JOHANNES WALCHER Particle Physics · Institute BALASUBRAMANIAN CHANG S. CHAN Astrophysics · University Mathematical and Particle Physics · Astrophysics · University of Mathematical and Particle Physics · Mathematical and Particle Physics · for Advanced Study Particle Physics, Biology · Biology · Institute for of Colorado Institute for Advanced Study California, Berkeley Institute for Advanced Study Institute for Advanced Study · m University of Pennsylvania Advanced Study MARTIN PESSAH MARIO JURIC PATRICK MEADE ALDO SERENELLI YUJI TACHIKAWA BRIAN WECHT ANIRBAN BASU Astrophysics · Institute for Particle Physics · Harvard Astrophysics · University of Astrophysics · Institute for Particle Physics · Massachusetts DORON CHELOUCHE Arizona Mathematical and Particle Physics · Mathematical and Particle Physics · Astrophysics · Institute for Advanced Study University Advanced Study · m University of Tokyo Institute of Technology Institute for Advanced Study Advanced Study · f RAÚL RABADÁN GORDON KANE SATOSHI MISHIMA ALFRED SHAPERE JOHN WIKSWO Biology · Institute for MENG-CHWAN TAN VLADIMIR BELYI Particle Physics · University of Particle Physics · Institute for Particle Physics · University Biology · Vanderbilt University · f SHANE DAVIS Advanced Study Particle Physics · National Biology · Institute for Michigan, Ann Arbor · f Advanced Study of Kentucky Astrophysics · Institute for University of Singapore Advanced Study CHEN-HSIANG YEANG Advanced Study GUNARETNAM URI KESHET JONATHAN MITCHELL DAVID SHIH Biology · Institute for RAJAGOPAL SALVATORE TORQUATO OREN BERGMAN Astrophysics · Institute for Astrophysics · University Particle Physics · Harvard Advanced Study RADOVAN DERMISEK Biology · The Cancer Particle Physics · Princeton Particle Physics · Technion Advanced Study of Chicago University Particle Physics · Institute for Institute of New Jersey University University NADIA ZAKAMSKA Advanced Study MICHAEL KRASNITZ ANDREW NEITZKE STANISLAV SHVARTSMAN Astrophysics · Institute for PIERRE RAMOND TANMAY VACHASPATI GYAN BHANOT Biology · Institute for Particle Physics · Institute for Biology · Princeton University · s Advanced Study Particle Physics · University Particle Physics · Case Western Biology · Rutgers, The State S. MICHAEL FALL Advanced Study · m Advanced Study of Florida · f Reserve University University of New Jersey, and Astrophysics · Space Telescope JUN SONG ZHENG ZHENG Science Institute The Cancer Institute of New MICHAEL KUHLEN DONAL O’CONNELL TODD RILEY Biology · Institute for GLENN VAN DE VEN Astrophysics · Institute for Jersey · v Astrophysics · Institute for Particle Physics · California Biology · Rutgers, The State Advanced Study Astrophysics · Institute for Advanced Study Advanced Study Institute of Technology University of New Jersey · r Advanced Study

SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE

LAKHDAR BRAHIMI MARY L. DUDZIAK PIERO GOTTARDI G. JOHN IKENBERRY R. DANIEL KELEMEN LISA J. LAPLANTE RALF POSCHER BRIAN Z. TAMANAHA Political Science · Institute for Law · University of Southern Economics · University of Political Science · Princeton Political Science · Rutgers, The Law · Praxis Institute for Law · Ruhr- Universität Law · St. John’s Advanced Study · dv California Law School Venice · v University · n State University of New Jersey Social Justice University School of Law NANCY RIES BENJAMIN BROWER LEONARD C. FELDMAN A. B. HUBER MICHAEL M. KARAYANNI ELLEN KENNEDY PATRICK MACKLEM Anthropology · Colgate OLIVIER TERCIEUX History · Texas A&M Political Science · University of Literature · University of Law · Hebrew University Political Science · University Law · University of Toronto University · n Economics · CNRS-École University · n Oregon California, Berkeley · a of Jerusalem of Pennsylvania Normale Supérieure DAIJIRO OKADA IAN ROXBOROUGH Economics · Rutgers, The State Sociology · State University of EDMUND (TERRY) BURKE III ARIEL FURSTENBERG JONATHAN HYSLOP NAVIN KARTIK ALAN B. KRUEGER SARI WASTELL University of New Jersey New York, Stony Brook · v History · University of Political Science · Tel- Aviv History · University of the Economics · University of Economics · Princeton Anthropology · Goldsmiths California, Santa Cruz · v, f University and Shalom Hartman Witwatersrand California, San Diego University BRUNO PERREAU HILARY SILVER College, University of London Institute · a Political Science · Sciences Po Sociology · Brown University

DIRECTOR’S VISITORS ARTIST-IN-RESIDENCE INTERDISCIPLINARY STUDIES LAKHDAR BRAHIMI · Former Special Advisor to the Secretary-General of the United Nations YOSHIYUKI INOUE · Astrophysics · JAN-MARKUS SCHWINDT · Theoretical Physics · PAUL MORAVEC · Composer Kyoto University University of Heidelberg TOM PHILLIPS · Painter, writer, composer STEVEN TAINER · Asian Philosophy · Institute for World Religions SIOBHAN ROBERTS · Writer, journalist ANDREW McGOWAN · Theoretical Physics · College of William and Mary ED TURNER · Astrophysics · Princeton University CLAUDINE SERRE · French diplomat, author, historian

a Research Assistant · f First Term · j Joint with Natural Sciences · jm Joint with Mathematics · m Long-term Member · n NEH Supported · s Second Term · v Visitor · vp Visiting Professor · vri Veblen Research Instructorship r Research Fellow · vnecf von Neumann Early Career Fellow