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Home , 1140s, Second Crusade

Revision Quiz: Topic 2: The

1. Name the 4 . , , , 2. What are some of the names given to , Outremer, East these new territories? 3. When did Baldwin I succeed? Day 1100 4. How did Baldwin extend his control? 1. Fought constant battles – Acre 1104 2. Ensured that all conquered territory paid homage to him 5. What collective name is given to the The Military Orders. Templars and Hospitallers? 6. How did the Templars begin? 1199 a small band of Crusaders offer to protect pilgrims on the road from Jaffa to Jerusalem. BII gave them part of the Temple of the Lord as their headquarters. 7. How did the Hospitallers begin? Originally monks in the Hospital of St John in Jerusalem, offered to protect the using force. 8. How did the Military Orders grow? Both received donations for pious European Lords, by the 1140’s. Many Lords in the Outremer left them their castles. 9. Name the dates of succession for the Baldwin I -1100-1118 early monarchs. Baldwin II -1118-1131 Melisende and Fulk of Anjou 1131-1143 Baldwin III (Melisende regent )1143-1164

10. Who was Melisende’s lover/ally Hugh, Count of Jaffa 11. Why did Melisende and Fulk After a failed attempt on Hugh (probably eventually work together? ordered by Fulk) it became clear that the Outremer could fall into civil war 12. How did the pattern of settlement At the beginning of the focus on conquest- change in the Outremer? segregation but from 1120’s see connecting roads etc- integration. 13. What evidence is there that there 1120 Laws of Nablus said that sexual relations between was in fact still a barrier between the two religions would result in castration for the man Christians and ? and the woman’s nose being cut off. 14. What was Zengi’s background? 1127- Governor of , 1129 controlled . 15. When did Edessa fall? Christmas eve 1144 16. How was the fall of Edessa described An ominous disaster. by many Christians? 17. When was Quantum Praedecessores 1 December 1145 issued? 18. What did the papal bull do to sell Remission of all sins, live up to the 1st Crusade, the crusade to knights? protection for knights families, interest free loans 19. What were the problems with the It did not make the aim of the crusade clear, it attracted papal bull? a great number of non-combatants. 20. Why was the French king Louis VII an In 1143 LVII has burned down a church full of innocent easy target for Eugenius III? women and children in a dispute with the Count of Champagne. 21. Who was ? A Cistercian , Eugenius has been one of his monks,

a great preacher- at Vezelay so many were inspired to join the crusade by him the stage on which he stood collapsed! 22. How did Bernard promote the He travelled across preaching-blackmailing Crusade? Conrad. Promoted the concept of remission of sins and spoke out against anti-Semitic attacks 23. How did the Crusade split? The Wendish and Iberian 24. Why was the Byzantine emperor LVII had good relations with Manuel’s rival Roger II of suspicious of LVII ? Sicily 25. Why did Roger II not trust Conrad? Conrad was close to Eugenius and Roger was trying to expand into Italy, this brought him into conflict with the Pope. 26. When did Conrad depart for the Holy 1147 Land? 27. When did Louis depart for the Holy June 1147 Land 28. What sign was there of further Louis and Conrad made no communication to Baldwin III, Christian disunity? sign of arrogance that this “new” monarch would do as they said. 29. Why else was Manuel concerned 1. It would increase the power of the crusader states- about the Crusade who were now his rivals. 2. LVII could ‘team up’ with Roger II and attack him 3. He had recently signed a peace treaty with the Seljuk Turks. 30. Why was Conrad’s journey to the 1. His army began to steel and riots as is progressed. hold land disastrous? 2. A flash flood meant many men and horses were drowned. 3. When they reached of the 10th sept 1147 the gates were shut. 31. When did Conrad’s fighting force set 25th October 1147. out from Nicea? 32. What happened next After reaching Conrad was injured his forces were picked off by Seljuk archers a humiliating retreat followed. 33. Where was Louis VII’s farewell St Denis, ceremony 34. When did Louis reach 4th October 1147 Constantinople? 35. How did Manuel convince Louis to Told stories about how Conrad’s forces were sweeping leave quickly the Seljuk Turks aside. 36. What happened next? The forces merged and decided to take to coastal route to avoid the Turks, at the port of Conrad, still ill, returned to Constantinople to heal. 37. Why did Louis then change course Terrible storms and short supply of food, so headed for and go inland? Mont Cadmus. 38. What happened at Mount Cadmus? The Crusaders were attacked by the Turks, thousands

being killed. Louis handed control on the army to the Templars and set sail to the Holy Land. 39. When did LVII arrive in the Holy Land Antioch-March 1148 40. Why did LVII turn down Raymond’s -Rumours of relations between Raymond and his own request to attack Aleppo? wife Eleanor. - Wanted to meet C at Acre. – Clash of personality with Raymond. 41. When was the Council of War at 24th June 1148 Acre? 42. Who was the governor of Unur 43. How had relations with Damascus From 1140 it has allied with Jerusalem but in 11 46 changed> Unur’s daughter married Zengi son Nur ad-Din. 44. Why were Damascus’s orchards a They crossed the paths to the city, many had mud towers problem. and walls that archers could hide behind. 45. When did the battle begin? 24th July 1148 46. What signs were there of defeat. The Muslims were united by religious zeal. A 71 year old lawyer led a fierce defence. Messages were sent to Nur ad Din for help . Messages were sent to BIII warning of LVII desire to keep the city for himself. 47. Why did the Franks move from the Local advice was that this was weaker and many drew a West to the East comparison with the siege of Jerusalem. 48. When did the battle end. 28th July 1148 49. Why was the Second Crusade It strengthened Nur Ad Din who now had a base to counter productive attack the Crusader states from. It increased division between the Latin west and Orthodox east 50. Why did Bernard claimed the Because Europe was full on sin. crusaded failed Key issues from the Specification  Political, social and economic developments in the Latin East by the

 The fall of Edessa

 Damascus and relations between East and West after the Second Crusade

 Louis VII, Conrad and the Second Crusade

 Bernard of Clairvaux and the changing motivation of the crusaders