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Borci Za Naše Slobode – 30. Obljetnica Nagrade Saharov

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Borci Za Naše Slobode – 30. Obljetnica Nagrade Saharov Borci za naše slobode 30. obljetnica Nagrade Saharov Borci za naše slobode © Europska unija, Europski parlament, 2017. Fotografije Enri Canaj/Magnum Photos Bieke Depoorter/Magnum Photos Jérôme Sessini/Magnum Photos Newsha Tavakolian/Magnum Photos, uz suradnju Amina Landoulsija Tekst Éric Fottorino, uz suradnju Manon Paulic Grafičko oblikovanje Hello Dune Lunel Zahvale Stipendisti Nagrade Saharov: Asma Kaouech, Ameha Mekonnen, Jadranka Miličević i Samrith Vaing Za Magnum Photos: Clarisse Bourgeois, Antoine Kimmerlin, Nikandre Koukoulioti, Giulietta Palumbo, Claire Saillard i Pauline Sain Mišljenja iskazana u ovoj knjizi su mišljenja samih autora i ne predstavljaju nužno službeno stajalište Europskog parlamenta. Borci za naše slobode 30. obljetnica Nagrade Saharov Iduća dvojna stranica: Guy le Querrec Berlin, Njemačka, 1989. Mladi slave Novu godinu na vrhu Berlinskog zida. Sadržaj Predgovor 9 Samrith Vaing 14 Asma Kaouech 48 Ameha Mekonnen 82 Jadranka Miličević 114 Borci za naše slobode 151 Nagrada Saharov 167 Dobitnici 168 Uloga Europskog parlamenta 170 Predgovor Antonio Tajani, predsjednik Europskog parlamenta Danas, kada obilježava svoju tridesetu godiš- vednije društvo, a istodobno su i primjer njicu postojanja, smatram da je Nagrada Saha- drugima. Četirima hrabrim stipendistima rov jednako važna kao i 1988. kada je prvi put Nagrade Saharov (četirima među mnogima), dodijeljena Nelsonu Mandeli i Anatoliju Mar- čije uzorno djelovanje i život predstavljamo čenku. Borba za ljudska prava i dalje je jedan u ovoj knjizi, iskazujem divljenje i potporu. od prioriteta Europskog parlamenta. U našem Osim toga, želim zahvaliti uglednom novinaru djelovanju u području ljudskih prava, koja su i piscu Éricu Fottorinu, što je uspješno predsta- temelj naših zajedničkih vrijednosti, posebno vio njihove priče te nas u raspravi o ljudskim se ističe inicijativa Nagrada Saharov za slo- pravima u svijetu potaknuo na razmišljanje. bodu mišljenja. Zahvaljujem priznanim fotografima Jérômeu Sessiniju, Bieke Depoorter, Enriju Canaju i Među dobitnicima Nagrade Saharov nalaze Newshii Tavakolian, koji su svojim slikovnim se brojni iznimni pojedinci. S vremenom je prinosom ovim pričama udahnuli život. ta nagrada postala više od puke godišnje svečanosti i pretvorila se u važnu platformu Zadnjih se godina prostor civilnog društva za dobitnike. Europski parlament povezuje diljem svijeta postupno smanjuje. Organiza- ih u Mrežu dobitnika Nagrade Saharov te ih cije koje promiču temeljna prava svojih sugra- podupire kao ambasadore koji promiču duh đana optuživane su da su tuđa agentura te su, inicijative. Zajedno s dobitnicima ustanovili da bi se ušutkale, izložene zastrašivanjima, smo i stipendiju Saharov, kako bismo podu- uhićenjima i mučenju. Temeljna prava meta prli zagovornike ljudskih prava diljem svijeta. su napada i u zapadnom društvu, kao i unutar Europske unije. Globalni terorizam prijetnja je U ovoj je knjizi riječ o svima koji se, kao najosnovnijim slobodama naših građana te i dobitnici Nagrade, bore za svoja prava i pra- mu se odlučno moramo suprotstaviti. Među- 9 Predgovor tim, moramo biti sigurni da se pritom ne krše Žene su i dalje najugroženije žrtve kršenja naše temeljne slobode. ljudskih prava. Dobitnice Nagrade za 2013. i 2005. godinu, Malala Yousafzai i Hauwa Ibra- Dosad je Nagrada Saharov tri puta dodijeljena him, čvrsto brane i promiču ženska prava, borcima za demokraciju na Kubi: Guillermu uključujući omogućivanje obrazovanja. Fariñasu 2010., građanskom pokretu Dame Nagradom Saharov za 2016. odana je počast u bijelom 2005., i Oswaldu Joséu Payáu Sar- dvjema hrabrim ženama iz jazidske zajednice diñasu 2002. Wei Jingsheg i Hu Jia Nagradu u Iraku, Lamiji Aji Bašar i Nadiji Murad, a 2014. su primili 1996. odnosno 2008., čime je pri- liječniku iz DR Konga Denisu Mukwegeu, za znanje dvaput odano dugoj i teškoj borbi za suprotstavljanje užasnom nasilju nad ženama ljudska prava u Kini. Nagrada je 2009. dodije- i djecom u sukobima. ljena i ruskoj nevladinoj organizaciji Memo- rial, a 2012. iranskim borcima za ljudska prava Nagradom Saharov odaje se priznanje i samoj Nasrin Sotoudeh i Jafaru Panahiju. slobodi mišljenja, najintimnijem ljudskom pravu. Dobitnici Nagrade Saharov, kao što je Sloboda medija ugrožena je u mnogim saudijski bloger Raif Badawi, osuđeni su na zemljama u kojima vlasti pokušavaju ušutkati zatvor samo zato što su izrazili svoje mišljenje. i ugnjetavati novinare. Dodijelivši Nagradu Saharov Reporterima bez granica 2005., Bje- Već tri desetljeća dobitnici Nagrade Saharov laruskoj udruzi novinara 2004. i Oslobođenju grade nadahnjujuću baštinu. Nadam se da će 1993., Europski parlament odao je počast sim- tijekom sljedećih trideset godina ta baština bolima slobodnog novinarstva kao osloncu potaknuti druge na brigu, predanost i borbu demokracije. za pravedniji svijet, čime će Nagrada Saharov postati još snažnijom u budućnosti.. Lijeva stranica: Ian Berry Iduća dvojna stranica: Stuart Franklin Južnoafrička Republika, Lamontville, 1994. Kina, Peking, 1989. Pristaše Nelsona Mandele očekuju njegov dolazak Skup na Trgu Tienanmen, koji će nekoliko dana tijekom predsjedničkih izbora. poslije biti okrutno ugušen. 11 Samrith Vaing Kambodža fotografirao Jérôme Sessini 14 Samrith Vaing ima 35 godina. Odmah na početku predstavlja se kao starosjedilac. Pripadnik je manjine Bunong, jedne od dvadeset četiri manjinske zajednice u zemlji i jedne od najstarijih jer već više od dvije tisuće godina živi u pokrajini Mondol Kiri, u istočnoj Kambodži, blizu granice s Vijetnamom. Na fotografa Jérômea Sessinija, koji je sa Stanje je jasno, sa svim svojim problemima. Samrithom proveo nekoliko dana, posvemaš- Tu se obrana individualnih sloboda miješa sa nji je spokoj krajolika i ljudi ostavio snažan zaštitom okoliša, šume i njezinih stanovnika, dojam. Isto kao i jednostavnost seljana, izvor- ljudi i životinja, poput majmuna koji žive s lju- nost koju žele zadržati po svaku cijenu. „U dima ili pasa koji se na fotografijama pojavljuju njihovim postupcima nema ničega apstrak- kao autentične osobe. Kad je fotograf stigao tnog, nema ideologije”, objašnjava fotograf u Kambodžu, Samrith Vaing bio je sretan što inače naviknut na iznimno napete ratne zone. će cijeli tjedan moći govoriti engleski. To mu Ovdje sve kao da teži miru. „Teško je pokazati je bila prilika da ga poboljša radi lakšeg pre- političko nasilje”, naglašava. Pa ipak, osjetio ga nošenja svoje poruke međunarodnim tijelima je prilikom putovanja u Stung Treng. Samrith i svima onima koje želi upozoriti na problem je htio obići sela u šumi, ali policijske snage kojim se bavi. A tog borca na terenu zaoku- i vojska blokirale su im pristup. Nemoguće je pljaju i brinu veza čovjeka i zemlje, očuvanje uspostaviti kontakt s lokalnim zajednicama. prirodnog okoliša i borba protiv klimatskih Aktivist za ljudska prava htio je pošto-poto poremećaja. „I go to the ground”, neprestano proći, toliko je htio fotografu pokazati teškoće ponavlja ne bi li pokazao da djeluje što je bliže s kojima se susreću te zajednice prepuštene moguće ljudima, njihovim problemima i bri- apetitima kineskih poduzeća koja im, uz sudi- gama. oništvo vlade, oduzimaju zemljišta. Jérôme Sessini odbio je takav rizik. Opasnost je bila „Posebno me zanimaju šume”, kaže. „Od vlade prevelika. očekujem da nam pomogne. Ali ništa od toga, naprotiv. Šuma je nestala. Neki su aktivisti ubi- jeni ili se nalaze u zatvoru. Druge je uhvatio Kambodža, Prame, srpanj 2017. Samrith Vaing, borac za ljudska prava i stipendist strah zbog pritisaka kojima su izloženi i na Nagrade Saharov. kraju su odustali.” No za Samritha Vainga odu- 15 Kambodža, pokrajina Stung Treng. Krčenje šuma zbog intenzivnog iskorištavanja drva, povećanja obradivih zemljišta i izgradnje brana. Iduća dvojna stranica: Kambodža, pokrajina Mondol Kiri. Narod Bunong najveća je etnička skupina u gorskim regijama Kambodže. U pokrajini Mondol Kiri navodno živi gotovo dvije tisuće godina. 16 Samrith Vaing stajanje ne dolazi u obzir. Želi se boriti za svoje daka, u anonimne kuće i mjesta bez povijesti. i protiv svih oblika nepravde. Nikoga ne želi Ti programi premještanja progone Bunonge prepustiti sudbini. Treba spasiti prirodu da bi iz šume, a oni traže samo da ostanu na zemlji se spasio čovjek. na kojoj oduvijek žive. Samrith Vaing je na nji- hovoj strani. Zna da moćnici nemaju obzira. Upravo je prizor te zemlje i stanovnika šuma Klan koji upravlja zemljom može porušiti na potaknuo Jérômea Sessinija na to da se od- tisuće hektara i ne trepnuvši, a nema veze ni rekne boje. Prema njegovu mišljenju izvorni ako im se na putu nađu sela! Financijski inte- način života seoskih stanovnika nametnuo je res važniji je od svega. crno-bijelu tehniku. „Da bi se prodrlo u bit”, kaže, „bolje je ljepotu prikazati uklanjanjem Upravo tu nastupa Samrith, preko svoje orga- sa slike svega što se čini nepotrebnim.” Kao nizacije Community Development Cambodia da želi uspostaviti još izravniji odnos između (CDC). „Dugo sam radio u nacionalnoj udruzi onoga što fotografira i gledatelja. Što ga je sa sjedištem u glavnom gradu”, objašnjava. to toliko dirnulo u Kambodži, koja se i dalje „Raspolagali smo s malo sredstava pa smo bori s duhovima genocida koji su Crveni imali malo novca za putovanja. Sada sam Kmeri počinili između 1975. i 1979. godine? opet u svojoj pokrajini Kratie, vrlo turistič- U Muzeju pamćenja u Phnom Penhu Jérôme koj regiji. Problema ima raznoraznih. Tu se Sessini vidio je tisuće fotografija žrtava – za- autohtone skupine suočavaju s invazijom uvijek ušutkanih, ali toliko rječitih lica. Nema zbog šećerne trske.
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