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D:\Egs-2014\Egs-2014 1\Egs 2014 Land Capability Studies of the Garladinne Mandal, 181 Anantapur District, Andhra Pradesh, India, Using Remote Sensing & GIS Techniques. Eastern Geographer Vol. XX, No. 1, Jan., 2014, pp.181-196 M. Sambasiva Rao & ISSN 0973 - 7642 N. Madhana Bhaskara Abstract to be properly augmented for better planning. The Garladinne mandal covering an area Appraisal of resources and diagnosis of problems about 304.97 km2 is studied with the help of involved in management of the resource SoI topographic sheets, IRS IB Geocoded availability is particularly important in the areas data and LISS-IV data on scale 1:50,000 with of scarce resources. It has assumed much a view to map the relief, slope, drainage, greater importance in India now with the landforms, soils, erosion susceptibility and acceptance of multi-level regional planning. hydro geomorphology. Based on the above Drainage basins or watersheds form most said physical characteristics the land convenient, as well as most appropriate spatial capability of the Garladinne mandal has been units for the study of natural resources brought out. The characteristics and particularly the basic resources like land and limitations of each class of land are dealt in water. Shafi (1969) has given a good account detail. on the methods and techniques of land use planning, land classification and land capability. Introduction Ali Mohammad (1978) stated that the land Land embraces the atmosphere, the soils and capability classification is related to underlying geology, the hydrology and the plants characteristics of land such as slope, erosion, above and below a specific area of Earth stoniness, alkalinity, salinity, presence of high surface. It also includes the results of past and water table, land use, soil texture, soil moisture present human activities as well as animals with and the fertility of the soils. Raju and in the area, in so far as they exert a significant Vidyanadhan (1978) studied the geomorphology influence on the present and future uses by man. of Visakhapatnam and prepared the hazards map The planning of land development and of Vishakapatnam town. Raghavswamy and readjustment is usually carried out in a number Vidyanadhan (1980) mapped the morphological of successive phases, namely land evaluation, features and land systems of part of socio-economic analysis, classification and Vishakapatnam district using air photo studies. programme effectuation. Land evaluation Nageswararao and Vidyanadhan (1981) brought includes both qualitative and quantitative out the land capability of Krishna delta based on classification. In developing countries like India studies from aerial photo interpretation. where agriculture is main economic activity, Suryanarayanan (1982) has mapped the the basic resources namely the land water has landforms and brought out the land evaluation Paper Recived on Oct,2013 Paper Revised and Accepted on 2nd Dec.2013 M. Sambasiva Rao, Prof. and Dean of Life Science and N.Madhana Bhaskara, Dept. of Geography, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Andhra Pradesh, E-mail: [email protected] / [email protected] Eastern Geographer, Vol. XX, No. 1, Jan., 2014 182 Fig.1- Location Map of Garladinne Mandal - Anantapur district of Dharmapuri district in Tamilanadu. The Sambasiva Rao (1996) has studied the water studies on flood intensity and land evaluation in balance of and development of land, water and the Cauveri delta using remote sensing data has agriculture resources of Tamila Nadu state. been carried out by Sambasiva Rao (1982).The Sambasiva Rao (1997) has given a good account evaluation of land and water resources of the of eco climatology, water balance, ecological Cumbam valley in Madurai district are studied degradation and ecodevelopment of Nallamalai by Sambasiva Rao and Nageswari (1983). and Yerramalai hills of Eastern Ghats. Narendra Sambasiva Rao (1983) has mapped the land kumar (1999) has studied the integrated land and resources of the Madurai district of Tamila Nadu water resources development for sustainable using remote sensing data. Sambasiva Rao land use of Chitravathi river basin with special (1986) has studied the morphological evaluation reference to Gutturu watershed. The land of land and water resources Tambrapani river resources of the Pennar river basin have been basin in Tamila Nadu state. Sambasiva Rao described by Sambasiva Rao (2002). Manjunath (1987) has studied the environmental hazards (2004) has studied the land and water resources and landscape management of Southwestern and water resources development of Pandameru Ghats. The studies on land resources of the and Tadakaleru river basin of Pennar river Anantapur district are carried out by Suresh babu. system using remote sensing and GIS techniques. Land Capability Studies of the Garladinne Mandal, Anantapur 183 Contour values in meters Fig.2.-Relief Map of Garladinne Mandal - Anantapur District An integrated study of geo-ecology, geo- granitic gneisses with dolerite and quartzite hydrology and watershed development of the intrusions. The annual rainfall is about 568 Papagni river basin has been studied by mm.The annual minimum temperature of 140 c Sambasiva Rao (2005). The geomorphic is noticed in January and the annual maximum evolution and development of land and water temperature of 42o c is noticed in the month of resources of the Kunderu basin using remote April. Climatologically the mandal is located in sensing techniques has been carried out by dry sub-humid type of climate. The NH-44 is Sambasiva Rao (2012). major a North-South National Highway in India and it is connecting Varanasi-Kanyakumari and Study area the Broad gauge Railway line connecting Garladinne mandal covers an area of about Bangalore - Mumbai and Bangalore - Hyderabad 304.97 sq km and lies in the Anantapur district pass through the centre of the Garladinne mandal of Andhra Pradesh in between 140 49" 14’ to 140 of Anantapur district. 0 0 57"20’ North latitudes and 77 35" 48’ to 77 43" Objectives 43’ East longitudes (Fig.1). There are 18 revenue villages in Garladinne mandal. The total 1. to study the relief, slope and drainage and population of Garladinne mandal is about 53,882 slope of the Garladinne mandal, (2011 census). Geologically, it is mainly 2. to map the landforms and soils of the comprised of Archean rocks consisting of Garladinne mandal, Eastern Geographer, Vol. XX, No. 1, Jan., 2014 184 Fig.3 -Slope Map of Garladinne Mandal - Anantapur District 3. to study the land use, erosion intensity and and amount of soil removal adopting Flaxman hydro geomorphology of the Garladinne (1971) method. The land capability map of the mandal and Garladinne mandal is brought out using physical 4. to bring out the land capability of the characteristics. The Arc GIS is used for Garladinne mandal. preparation of various physical thematic maps of Garladinne mandal. Methodology Physical aspects of Garladinne Mandal IRS 1B Geocoded data and LISS-IV data on Relief scale 1:50,000 is used in this main study . The relief and drainage has been traced from SOI Physiographically the Garladinne mandal varies topographic sheet 57 F/5, 57F/9 on scale in altitude from 300 meters to a maximum of 1:50,000. The slope is worked out adopting 460 meters above MSL (Fig 2). There are two Wentworth (1930) method. The landform, soils prominent hilly terrains passing through and land use has been mapped using SOI Garladinne mandal in northwest and southeast topographic sheets and IRS IB Geocoded data direction. The hills are located in Kanampalle and LISS-IV data. The erosion susceptibility reserve forest in northeastern part of the zones are mapped basing on texture, drainage Garladinne mandal. They range in altitude from Land Capability Studies of the Garladinne Mandal, Anantapur 185 Fig.5 - Drainage Map of Garladinne Mandal - Anantapur District 360 meters to 440 meters above MSL. They which range in altitude from 340 meters to 440 align towards northwest and southeast direction. meters above MSL. The central part of the In northern part of the Garladinne mandal a few Garladinne mandal is an undulating plain which isolated hills align east northeast, west southwest varies in altitude from 320 meters to 380 meters direction. The western part of the Garladinne above MSL. mandal is boarded by Marutla reserved forest Slope hills which aligned in northeast and southwest direction. The altitudes in these hills vary from The slope of the Garladinne mandal has been 360 meters to 460 meters above MSL. In worked out using Wentworth (1930) method. The northwestern direction of the Garladinne mandal slope has been categorized into very gently there are Penakacherla hills which vary in sloping (less than 10) gently sloping (10 to 30) altitude from 380 meters to 420 meters above moderately sloping (30 to 50) strongly sloping (50 MSL.There are a few isolated hills in the to 100) very strongly sloping (100 to 200) and northwestern part of the Garladinne mandal steeply sloping (more than 200). The fluvial plains Eastern Geographer, Vol. XX, No. 1, Jan., 2014 186 Table 1- Order of streams in major stream sub basins of The second major stream has its origin in cuesta Garladinne mandal hills near Penakacherla. There are 42 first order streams, eight second order streams and two Stream Number Number Number Number Number third order streams in the second major stream. Sub of of of of of The type of drainage is dendritic to sub-dendritic. basins streams streams streams streams streams in first in in in third in fifth The third order stream has its origin in cuesta order second fourth hills near Mukundapuram. There are 112 first order order order order order streams, 29 second order streams, 9 third I 41 8 1 - - order streams, two fourth order streams and one II 42 8 2 - - fifth order stream. The direction of flow of this III 112 29 9 2 1 major stream is NE-SW. The type of drainage IV 41 12 2 1 - is dendritic, sub-dendritic and intermittent V 21 5 2 1 - streams.
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