Compensation Plan for Temporary Damages

Project Number: 49214-002 July 2017

IND: Solar Transmission Sector Project (Transmission System for Ultra-Mega Solar Power Park at Pavagada, Tumkur District, - Phase-II, Part A&B)

Prepared by Power Grid Corporation of Ltd. for the Asian Development Bank.

This Compensation Plan for Temporary Damages is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section of this website.

In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.

COMPENSATION PLAN FOR TEMPORARY DAMAGES (CPTD) FOR TRANSMISSION SYSTEM FOR ULTRA-MEGA SOLAR POWER PARK AT PAVAGADA, TUMKUR DISTRICT, KARNATAKA-PHASE-II, PART – A& B

ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT POWER GRID CORPORATION OF INDIA LTD. (A GOVERNMENT OF INDIA ENTERPRISE) July, 2017

TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION PARTICULARS PAGE EXECUTIVE SUMMARY I-VI I INTRODUCTION AND PROJECT DESCRIPTION 1-7 1.1 Project Background 1 1.2 The Project 1 1.3 Project Components 2 1.4 Objective of CPTD 2 1.5 Scope and Limitation of CPTD 5 1.6 Measures to Minimize Impact 5 1.7 Route Selection and Study of Alternatives 6 II SOCIO-ECONOMIC INFORMATION AND PROFILE 8-25 2.1 General 8 2.2 Karnataka 8 2.3 20 III LEGAL& REGULATORY FRAMEWORK 26-31 3.1 Overview 26 3.2 Statutory Requirements 26 3.3 ADB‟s Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS), 2009 29 3.4 POWERGRID‟s ESPP, 2009 29 3.5 Basic Principles for the Project 30 3.6 Cut-off Date 31 IV PROJECT IMPACTS 32-40 4.1 General 32 4.2 Impact Due to construction of Substation & Bay Extension 34 4.3 Temporary Impacts Caused due to Tr. Lines (Right of Way) 35 4.4 Details of Affected Persons 38 4.5 Other Damages 39 4.6 Impact on Indigenous Peoples 39 4.7 Summary of Impacts 40 V ENTITLEMENTS, ASSISTANCE AND BENEFITS 41-46 5.1 Entitlements 41 5.2 Entitlement Matrix 41 5.3 Procedure of Tree/crop compensation 42 5.4 Compensation for Structure 44 VI INFORMATION DISCLOSURE, CONSULTATION AND 47-50 PARTICIPATION 6.1 Consultations 47 6.2 Plan for further Consultation 49 6.3 Information Disclosure 50 VII INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS 51-53 7.1 General 51 7.2 Various Level 51 7.3 Arrangement for CPTD Implementation 52 7.4 Staff Training on Environment and Social Issues 53 VIII GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM 54-55 IX BUDGET 56-58 9.1 Compensation for Crops & Trees 56 9.2 Compensation for Land for Tower Base and RoW Corridor 57

SECTION PARTICULARS PAGE 9.3 Summary of Budget 57 X IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE 59 XI MONITORING AND REPORTING 60

LIST OF TABLES

TABLE PARTICULAR PAGE Table 1.1 Salient Features of the Project 1 Table 2.1 Land Use Pattern in Karnataka 8 Table 2.2 District wise Mineral distribution of Karnataka under Project area 11 Table 2.3 Details on Total population of Karnataka and its Project district 16 Table 2.4 Details on Male & Female Population 17 Table 2.5 Details on SC/STPopulation 17 Table 2.6 Details on Literate & Illiterate Population 18 Table 2.7 Details on Total Population Literate 18 Table 2.8 Details on Households 19 Table 2.9 Details on Population Work 19 Table 2.10 Land Use Pattern in Andhra Pradesh 20 Table 2.11 Details on Total Population of Andhra Pradesh and its Project 23 district Table 2.12 Details on Male & Female Population 24 Table 2.13 Details on SC/ST Population 24 Table 2.14 Details on Literate & Illiterate Population 24 Table 2.15 Details on Total Population Literate 25 Table 2.16 Details on Households 25 Table 2.17 Details on Population Work 25 Table 4.1 Details of Substation Bay Extension 34 Table 4.2 Type and Use of Land within Corridor of ROW (in km/ha.) 35 Table 4.3 Estimation of Land area for Crop Damage due to Overhead 36 Lines Table 4.4 Loss of Crop Area estimated for Tower footing 37 Table 4.5 Total Loss of Crop Area (Corridor RoW and Towers) 37 Table 4.6 Loss of Trees 38 Table 4.7 Loss of Other Assets 38 Table 4.8 Number of Affected Persons 38 Table 4.9 Summary Impacts 40 Table 5.1 Entitlement Matrix 41 Table 6.1 Details of Consultation 48 Table 6.2 Plan for Future Consultations 49 Table 7.1 Agencies Responsible for CPTD Implementation 53 Table 9.1 Cost of Compensation for Crops & Trees Corridor 56 Table 9.2 Cost of Land Compensation for Tower Base & RoW 57 Table 9.3 Summary of Budget 58 Table 10.1 Tentative Implementation Schedule 59

LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE PARTICULAR PAGE Figure-1.1 Schematic of proposed transmission system under Part-A of 3 Phase-II Figure-1.1a Schematic of proposed transmission system under Part-Bof 4 Phase-II Figure-4.1 Typical Plan of Transmission Line Tower Footing 33 Figure-5.1 Tree/Crop Compensation Process 46 Figure-8.1 Flow Chart of Grievance Redress Mechanism 55 Figure-11.1 Organization Support Structure Safeguard Monitoring 60

LIST OF ANNEXURES

ANNEXURE PARTICULAR Annexure-1 Comparative details of Three Alternatives Annexure-2 MoP Guidelines on RoW Compensation Annexure-3 State Govt. notification on RoW Compensation Annexure-4 Action Plan for Safeguards Annexure-5 Sample proforma for Compensation Annexure-6 Details of Public Consultation

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

AP Affected Person AHH Agricultural Households ADB Asian Development Bank CEA Central Electricity Authority CGWB Central Ground Water Board CP Compensation Plan CPTD Compensation Plan for Temporary Damages CAO Construction Area Office CSR Corporate Social Responsibility CSS Country Safeguard System DPSP Directive Principles of State Policy DC District Collector D/c Double Circuit EA Executing Agency ESMD Environment and Social Management Department E&S Environmental & Social ESMC Environmental & Social Management Cell ESMT Environmental & Social Management Team ESPP Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures EMP Environmental Management Plan GIS Geographical Information System GOI Government of India GRC Grievance Redress Committee GRM Grievance Redress Mechanism Ha Hectare INRs Indian National Rupees IP Indigenous People ISTS Inter State Transmission Scheme IR Involuntary Resettlement kV Kilo volt Km Kilometer KSPDCL Karnataka Solar Power Development Corporation Ltd. LA Land Acquisition LAA Land Acquisition Act MCM Million Cubic Meter MVA Mega Volt Ampere MW Mega Watt MM Mille Meters MoEF&CC Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change MoP Ministry of Power M&E Monitoring and Evaluation NoC No Objection Certificate O&M Operation and Maintenance PAP Project Affected Person PESA Panchayats (Extension to Scheduled Areas) Act, 1996 PTCC Power and Telecommunication Coordination Committee

POWERGRID Power Grid Corporation of India Limited Pvt. Private RHQ Regional Head Quarter R&R Resettlement and Rehabilitation RP Resettlement Plan RoW Right of Way SPS Safeguard Policy Statement of ADB, 2009 SCs Scheduled Castes STs Scheduled Tribes Sq. km Square kilometers SCM Standing Committee Meeting SRPC Southern Region Power Committee SEBs State Electricity Boards SH State Highway TL Transmission Line RFCTLARRA The Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land, Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013 UMSPP Ultra Mega Solar Power Parks

USD United States Dollar

GLOSSARY

Block An administrative sub-division within a district.

Panchayat Elected Village Council/ the third tier of decentralized governance

Sarpanch Elected head of the Gram Panchayat

Tehsil A revenue sub-division, within a district

Zila/District It is the first administrative division at the State level.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY i. The Compensation Plan for Temporary Damages (CPTD) has been prepared for proposed transmission lines(2 nos.) associated with Transmission system for ultra-mega solar power park at Pavagada, Tumkur district, Karnataka covered under Phase-II Part-A & Part-B project, funded by Asian Development Bank (ADB). The Executing Agency (EA) is Power Grid Corporation of India Limited (PGCIL/POWERGRID) who will also be responsible for implementing the project. The Project is categorized as „B‟ for Involuntary Resettlement (IR) and "C" for Indigenous Peoples impact, as per the ADB safeguard category. CPTD is based on POWERGRID‟s Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures, 2009 (ESPP) and the Action Plan for Safeguards for the use of Country Safeguard System (CSS) under the ADB Safeguard Policy Statement 2009 (SPS). The CPTD is guided by The Electricity Act 2003, The Indian Telegraph Act, 1885, Ministry of Power(MoP) guideline of Oct.‟ 2015 on RoW Compensation, ESPP and the Action Plan for Safeguards. ii. The project components under the proposed ADB financing include construction of 359 km of 400kV line including 13.50 km Multicircuitline along with extension/augmentation of associated substationsat Tumkur(Pavagada), Tumkur (Vasantnarsapur) & Devanahally (KPTCL)located in the Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh States. The CPTD has been prepared based on the preliminary route survey/ investigation. The impacts are temporary in nature in terms of temporary impacts of land and loss of crops. Additionally, loss of tress is also foreseen along with small structures associated with agricultural use. No physical displacement is foreseen. Temporary impacts are mostly foreseen during the project implementation/construction. Therefore, the CPTD remains as a draft, as final survey is not done yet and actual temporary impacts shall be known only during implementation which will be based on the detailed design and final survey once the construction contractor is mobilized for implementation. Exact location of tower is known only after detail survey/check survey. Check survey is done progressively during the construction of the transmission line. POWERGRID provides compensation for actual damages, which are temporary in nature. Normally the work is done in off season when there is no standing crop. The compensation for damage is assessed in actual after construction activities of transmission lines in three stages i.e. after completion of foundation, tower erection and conductor stringing. The payment of compensation may also be paid in three instances, if there are different damages during above three activities. Assessment of damages at each stage and payment of compensation is a simultaneous and continuous activity. Hence, CPTD updation will be a continuous process during construction of line for which updated semi-annual CPTD monitoring report shall be submitted to ADB. The monitoring report will be disclosed on POWERGRID website. iii. The present CPTD covers following transmissioncomponents proposed under both Part-A & Part- B under Phase-II of above said scheme;

CPTD for Transmission System For UMSP at Tumkur Phase-II (Part A & B) i

A. Transmission system proposed under Part-A of Phase-II:

 Hiriyur – 400 kV D/c line - 206.00 km;  Augmentation of 2x500 MVA, 400/220KV transformer at Tumkur (Pavagada) Pooling Station;  1 x125MVAR Bus reactor (2nd) at Tumkur (Pavagada) Pooling Station;  Third 400/220 kV, 1x500 MVA transformer at Tumkur (Vasantnarsapur);  1x80 MVAR Switchable Line reactor at Mysore end of Hiriyur- Mysore D/c for each circuit.

B. Transmission system proposed under Part- B of Phase-II:

 Tumkur (Pavagada) Pooling station - Devanahally (KPTCL) 400kV D/c (Quad) Line - 153.00km (D/c portion: 139.50 km & M/c portion: 13.50 km);  2 nos. of 400kV line bays each at Tumkur (Pavagada) Pooling station & Devanahally (KPTCL) Substation iv. As per existing law, land for tower and right of way is not acquired1and agricultural activities are allowed to continue after construction activity.Land requirements for erecting tower/ poles for transmission/ distribution lines are just minimal. All it requires is to place the foot, four of which warrants an area of 4-6 sq- ft. Thus, the actual impact is restricted to 4 legs of the tower. Further, line alignments are done in such a way so as to avoid settlements and / or structures and hence no relocation of population on account of Transmission Line(TL) is also envisaged. Preliminary investigation/survey has been carried out for transmission lines to estimate/arrive at for selection of one best feasible alignment route out of at least 3 alternative alignments studied, for detailed survey to be undertaken during execution of main contracts. Most of the impacts are temporary in nature in terms of loss of standing crops/trees and other damages for which compensation will be paid to the affected persons/ community for all damages including cost of land below tower to its owner without acquiring it as per the norms/regulations. v. For the temporary loss of crops, only agricultural land and private plantation land are considered for estimation. Though Right of Way (RoW) is 46 meter for 400 kV lines but average affected width/corridor would be limited to 40 meter (maximum). All the estimations in the CPTD have been done on the basis of preliminary survey. Actual Impacted area for crops and others damage would be restricted to 40 meter maximum width in the corridor of agricultural land and private plantations which work to be 1,176 hectares and additional 198.0 ha of land adjoining the tower foundation is estimated for crop compensation due to placing of 990 tower footings. Therefore, the total land required for temporary loss in terms of loss of crops is estimated to be 1374 hectares. Total number of trees to be affected is 55,300 out of which 54,500 are private trees and 800 are government trees. Private trees will be compensated in cash as per the entitlement matrix. The total number of affected persons is estimated to be 1,902.

1As per the present provision in the Electricity Act, 2003 read with relevant provisions of Indian Telegraph Act, 1885 all the damages without acquisition of subject land) accrued to person while placing the tower and line are to be compensated.

CPTD for Transmission System For UMSP at Tumkur Phase-II (Part A & B) ii

vi. Public participation and community consultations have been taken up as an integral part of the project‟s social and environmental assessment process. Public is informed about the project at every stage of execution. During survey also POWERGRID‟s site offi- cials meet people and inform them about the routing of transmission lines. During the construction, every individual, on whose land tower is erected and people affected by RoW, are consulted. Apart from many informal group consultations, 2 public consultation meetings were conductedin July‟ 16 & Mar.‟17 during preliminary survey/investigations of route of proposed transmissionlines. The process of such consultation is to be continued during project implementation and even during Operation & Maintenance (O&M) stage. The draft/summary CPTD will be disclosed by the POWERGRID to the affected households and other stakeholders by placing it on website. POWERGRID site officials visit construction sites frequently during construction and meet with APs and discuss about norms and practices of damages and compensation to be paid for them. The executive summary of the CPTD and Entitlement Matrix in local language i.e. &Telegu will be placed at construction offices/sites. vii. Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) is an integral part of project implementation, operation and maintenance stage of the project. For handling grievance, Grievance Redress Committee (GRC) will be established at two places, one at the project level and another at corporate level. The GRCs shall include members from POWERGRID, Local Administration, Panchayat Members, Affected Persons representative and reputed persons from the society on nomination basis under the chairmanship of project head. The composition of GRC shall be disclosed in Panchayat offices and concerned district headquarter for wider coverage. In case of any complaint, GRC meeting shall be convened within 15 days. If project level GRC not able to take decision it may refer the complaint to corporate GRC for solution. GRC endeavor will be to pronounce its decision within 30-45 days of receiving grievances. In case complainant/appellant is not satisfied with the decision of project level GRC they can make an appeal to corporate GRC for review. The proposed mechanism does not impede access to the country‟s judicial or administrative remedies at any stage. Further, Grievance redressal is also in built tree/crop compensation in the process where affected persons are given a chance to place their grievances after issuance of notice by revenue officials on the basis of assessment of actual damages. Grievances received towards compensation are generally addressed in open forum and in the presence of many witnesses. Process of spot verification and random checking by the district collector also provides forum for raising the grievance towards any irregularity/complaint.POWERGRID will record and track all grievances. viii. The CPTD is based on Action Plan for Safeguards as well as on the Borrower‟s domestic policy instrument and applicable laws. Being a transmission project, the relevant national laws/guidelines applicable for this project are (i) The Electricity Act, 2003 and (ii) The Indian Telegraph Act, 1885 & (iii) MoP guidelines of Oct.‟15 on RoW compensation for

CPTD for Transmission System For UMSP at Tumkur Phase-II (Part A & B) iii

transmission lines. The compensation principles adopted for the project shall comply with applicable laws/ regulations of the Governments of India, ESPP and Action Plan for Safeguards.

ix. APs will be entitled for compensation for temporary damages to crops/trees/structures etc. as per the provisions of Entitlement Matrix given in Table- E1. Temporary damage will occur during construction of transmission lines for which compensation is paid as per relevant norms. Besides, land compensation for tower base and RoW corridor shall be paid to all affected farmers/land ownersas per provisions of MoPguidelines of Oct.‟15 on RoW compensation. All APs are paid compensation for actual damages irrespective of their religion, caste and their economic status. As an additional assistance, construction contractors are encouraged to hire local labour that has the necessary skills. One time lump sum assistance will be provided to vulnerable households on recommendation of State authority. POWERGRID will provide compensation to all APs including non-title holders as mentioned in the Entitlement Matrix.

Table -E1: Entitlement Matrix

S. Type of Issue/ Beneficiary Entitlement Options N Impact 1. Loss of crops Title Holder Compensation at market rate for crops and 8 and trees years income for fruit bearing trees. APs will be given advance notice to harvest their crops. Timber will be retained by the owner. 2. Loss of crops Tenant/ Only the cultivator3 will get compensation at and trees sharecropper market rate for crops and 8 years income for fruit /leaseholder2 bearing trees. APs will be given advance notice to harvest their crops. 3. Other damages Replacement cost as assessed by the concerned All APs4 (if applicable) authority. 4. Loss of structure a) House (i) Loss /Removal Titleholders/ Cash compensation at replacement cost (without of House Non- deduction for salvaged material) plus Rs. 25,000/- titleholders assistance (based on prevailing GoI norms for weaker section housing) for construction of house plus transition benefits as per category-5 below.

2 This may include non-titled APs 3Powergrid will explain to AP tenant/sharecropper/leaseholder that the compensation will be provided to the cultivator and the sharing arrangements will have to be determined among themselves 4 Titled and Non-titled

CPTD for Transmission System For UMSP at Tumkur Phase-II (Part A & B) iv

S. Type of Issue/ Beneficiary Entitlement Options N Impact b) Shop/ Institutions (i) Loss /Removal Titleholders/ Cash compensation plus Rs. 10,000/- for of House Non- construction of working shed/shop plus titleholders rehabilitation assistance equivalent to 1 year income plus transition benefits as per category-5 below. 5. Losses during Family/unit Provision of transport or equivalent cash for transition of shifting of material/ cattle from existing place to displaced alternate place. persons/ establishments/ Shifting / Transport 6 Impacts on Vulnerable One time lump sum assistance to vulnerable vulnerable APs APs5 households on recommendation of State Authority. This will be paid over and above other assistance. Vulnerable APs to get priority under Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) activities. 7 Land area Owner 85% of land cost as decided by District Magistrate below tower (#) base 8 Land coming in Owner 15% of land cost as decided by District Magistrate corridor of (#) width of Right of Way (#)As perMoP guidelines Oct’2015 for payment of compensation toward damages in respect to RoW of transmission line. * Assistance/help of Forest department for timber yielding trees and Horticulture department for fruit bearing trees shall be taken for assessing the true value. x. No physical displacement is envisaged in the proposed project. Major damages in transmission line are not anticipated due to flexibility in routing of line. Transmission line construction is done mainly in the lean period to reduce damages to crops. Further, displacement of structures is normally not envisaged in the transmission line projects. However, whenever it is necessary, compensation for structures as decided by committee based on government norms and entitlement matrix shall be provided. A notice for damage is issued to APs and the joint measurement byPOWERGRID and APs is to be done and

5 Vulnerable APs include scheduled tribes/ scheduled caste/ households headed by women/ physically handicapped/ disabled families, etc. as certified by local authority. .

CPTD for Transmission System For UMSP at Tumkur Phase-II (Part A & B) v

verified by revenue official for actual damages. Hence, compensation is paid parallely with the construction activity of transmission line. The CPTD implementation cost estimate for the project includes eligible compensation for loss of crops/ trees/structures, diminution land value, support cost for implementation of CPTD, monitoring &other administrative cost etc. This is a tentative budget which may change during the original course of implementation.The total indicative cost is estimated to be INR 12048.80 Lakhs equivalent to USD 20.06 million. xi. The implementation and monitoring are critical activities and shall be as per Implementation Chart/Schedule provided in Chapter-X. Monitoring is a continuous process for POWERGRID projects at all the stages, be it the site selection, construction or maintenance. The success of POWERGRID lies in its strong monitoring systems. Apart from the site managers reviewing the progress on daily basis regular project review meetings are held at least on monthly basis which is chaired by Executive Director of the region wherein apart from construction issues the environmental and social aspects of the projects are discussed and remedial measures taken wherever required. The exceptions of these meetings are submitted to the Directors and Chairman & Managing Director of the Corporation. The progress of various on-going projects is also informed to the Board of Directors. POWERGRID have a separate Environment and Social Management Department (ESMD) at Corporate Centre and Environment and Social Management Cell (ESMC) at RHQ to monitor environment and social issues. At site level,Environment and Social Management Team (ESMT) shall be responsible for implementation and monitoring of CPTD. xii. Public consultation and internal monitoring will be continued in an intermittent basis for the entire duration of project. Monitoring will be the responsibility of POWERGRID. POWERGRID will disclose semi-annual monitoring reports on their safeguards implementation performance on its website and submit the reports to ADB for disclosing the same on the ADB website. POWERGRID will engage the services of an independent agency/external monitoring, if required for which necessary provisions have been kept in the budget.

CPTD for Transmission System For UMSP at Tumkur Phase-II (Part A & B) vi

I. INTRODUCTION AND PROJECT DESCRIPTION

1.1. Project Background

1. Government of India has taken up the initiative for development of Ultra Mega Solar Power Parks (UMSPP) in various parts of the country. As part of above initiative, an ultra- mega solar power park of 2000 MW capacity is being developed by M/s Karnataka Solar Power Development Corporation Ltd. (KSPDCL) (JVC of SECI & KREDL) at Pavagada in Tumkur district of Karnataka in two phases with 1000MW in each phase.

2. Keeping in view short gestation period of solar generation project and time required for development of evacuation system, it is proposed that the transmission scheme may be implemented in different phases commensurate to the power transfer requirement.MoP vide letter dated 08.01.15 & 04.08.15 intimated POWERGRID for taking up of transmission system for evacuation of power from 9 solar generating parks being set up in 7 States along with pooling stations as Inter State Transmission Scheme (ISTS), including subject Tumkur (Pavagada) UMSPP on compressed time schedule basis.

1.2. The Project

3. The present scope covers the Transmission system for ultra-mega solar power park at Pavagada, Tumkur district, Karnataka under Phase-II Part-A & Part-B. This interstate transmission scheme for Tumkur (Pavagada) UMSPP was discussed and agreed in 39th Standing committee meeting on Power System Planning of Southern region held on 28- 29th December, 2015 and also ratified in the 29th meeting of Southern Region Power Committee (SRPC) held on 05.03.2016. The prior approval of the Government of India under Section 68 of the Electricity (supply) Act, 2003 for the subject project has been obtained vide CEA letter dated 23.02.2016. The salient features of the proposed project are presentedbelow in Table 1.1.

Table-1.1: Salient Features of the project a) Project : Transmission system for Ultra Mega Solar Park at Tumkur (Pavagada), Karnataka – Phase II Part A Part B b) Location of the Project : Southern Region Southern Region c) Project Cost : Rs. 394.18 Crores at Rs. 426.21 Crores at June December 2015 Price 2016 Price Level (including Level (including IDC IDC of Rs. 22.23 Crores) of Rs. 17.11 Crores) d) Commissioning : 27 months from the 27 months from the date of Schedule date of Investment Investment Approval Approval

CPTD for Transmission System For UMSP at Tumkur Phase-II (Part A & B) 1

1.3Project Components

4. The project components include following transmission lines& augmentation/ extension of substations covered under Part-A & B of Phase-II associated with Ultra Mega Solar Park at Tumkur (Pavagada), Karnataka to be implemented in Karnataka & Andhra Pradesh State;

A. Transmission system under Part-A of Phase-II:

 Hiriyur – Mysore 400 kV D/c line6 - 206.00 km;  Augmentation of 2x500 MVA, 400/220KV transformer at Tumkur (Pavagada) Pooling station;  1 x125MVAR Bus reactor (2nd) at Tumkur (Pavagada) Pooling Station;  Third 400/220 kV, 1x500 MVA transformer at Tumkur (Vasantnarsapur);  1x80 MVAR Switchable Line reactor at Mysore end of Hiriyur- Mysore D/c for each circuit.

B. Transmission system under Part- B of Phase-II:

 Tumkur (Pavagada) Pooling station - Devanahally (KPTCL) 400kV D/c (Quad) Line - 153.00 km (D/c portion: 139.50 km & M/c portion: 13.50 km);  2 nos. of 400kV line bays each at Tumkur (Pavagada) Pooling station & Devanahally (KPTCL) Substation.

The schematic showing proposed transmission system covered under the subject IEAR are placed as Fig. – 1 & 1a.

1.4. Objective of Compensation Plan for Temporary Damages (CPTD)

5. The primary objective of the CPTD is to identify the impacts/damages and to plan measures to mitigate losses likely to be caused by the projects. The CPTD is based on the general findings of field visits, preliminary assessments and meetings with various project- affected persons in the project areas. The CPTD presents (i) introduction and projectdescription (ii) socio-economic information and profile (iii) legal & regulatory framework (iv) project impacts,(v) entitlement, assistance and benefit (vi) information disclosure, consultation and participation (vii) institutional arrangements (viii) grievance redress mechanism (ix) budget (x) implementation schedule & (xi) monitoring and reporting. The CPTD is guided by The Electricity Act 2003, The Indian Telegraph Act, MoP guidelines of Oct.‟15 on RoW compensation, ESPP and Action Plan for Safeguards for the use of Country Safeguard System (CSS) under the ADB Safeguard Policy Statement 2009 (SPS).7

6 With the completion of this line, it would be connected with Tumkur (Pavagada) Pooling station - Hiriyur 400 kV D/c line near Hiriyur to formTumkur(Pavagada) -Mysore D/c direct line 7 Equivalent to the safeguard document required for ADB‟s environment category B projects. This CPTD has also fully met the requirements of ADB‟s Safeguard Policy Statement, 2009.

CPTD for Transmission System For UMSP at Tumkur Phase-II (Part A & B) 2

Figure 1.1 :Schematic showing proposed transmission system under Part-A of Phase-II

CPTD for Transmission System For UMSP at Tumkur Phase-II (Part A & B) 3

Figure 1.1a : Schematic showing proposed transmission system under Part-B of Phase-II

CPTD for Transmission System For UMSP at Tumkur Phase-II (Part A & B) 4

1.5. Scope and Limitation of the CPTD

6. Based on the assessment of each projectcomponents and proposed intervention, it has been established that there will be no permanent land acquisition required and the anticipated project impacts are temporary in nature in terms of impacts on land and loss of standing crops/trees only. The project is categorized as „B‟8for Involuntary Resettlement (IR) and 'C' for Indigenous People (IP),as per ADB‟s safeguard category. The CPTD has been prepared based on the preliminary route investigation/ survey. The temporary impacts are mostly foreseen during the project implementation/construction. Therefore, the CPTD remains as draft, as actual temporary impacts shall be known only during implementation which will be based on the detailed design and final survey once the construction contractor is mobilized for implementation. POWERGRID provides compensation for actual damages, which are temporary in nature. Exact location of tower is known only after detail survey/check survey. Check survey is done progressively during the construction of the transmission line. Normally the work is done in off season when there is no standing crop. The compensation for damage is assessed in actual after construction activities of transmissionline in three stages i.e. after completion of foundation, tower erection and stringing of conductor. The payment of compensation may also be paid in three instances, if there are different damages during above all the three activities. Assessment of damages at each stage and payment of compensation is a simultaneous and continuous activity. Hence, CPTD updation will be a continuous process during construction of line for which updated semi-annual CPTD monitoring report shall be submitted to ADB by POWERGRID.

1.6. Measures to Minimize Impact

7. In keeping with the provisions of ESPP and the Action Plan for Safeguards, POWERGRID has selected and finalised the route of transmission lines with due consideration of principles of avoidance or minimization of impacts toward temporary damages on crops/ trees/ structures, if any coming in the Right of Way (RoW) during construction. Further field visits and public consultations helped in developing the measures towards minimizing negative social impacts, if any.

8. For construction of transmission line, POWERGRID follows the law of the land i.e. in exercise of the powers under the Indian Telegraph Act, 1885, part 3, section 10 to 19 conferred under section 164 of the Electricity Act, 2003 through Gazette by India, extra ordinary dated 24thDec., 2003, has the domain to place and maintain transmission lines under over along or across and posts in or upon, any immoveable property. However, as

8A proposed project is classified as category B if it includes involuntary resettlement impacts that are not deemed significant which means less than 200 persons will experience major impacts, which are defined as (i) being physically displaced from housing, or (ii) losing 10% or more of their productive assets (income generating). The level of detail and comprehensiveness of the resettlement plan are commensurate with the significance of the potential impacts and risks.

CPTD for Transmission System For UMSP at Tumkur Phase-II (Part A & B) 5

per clause 10 (d) of same act stipulates that the user agency shall pay full compensation to all interested for any damages sustained during the execution of said work. Therefore, POWERGRID has developed a procedure which is designed to minimize impacts, during the preliminary survey/ investigation (for screening &scoping of the project with at least 3 alternative route alignments), thereafter during detailed survey (spot)/design followed by foundation work, tower erection and during the stringing of conductors. Further, the civil work activities also scheduled insuch a way that damages/impacts are minimum;

I. All tower foundations and tower footings are dug and laid, including transportation of material and land clearance, generally at the end of a crop season to avoid impacts on cultivations and need for compensation. After construction of transmission towers, farmers are allowed to continue agricultural activity below tower.

II. Because the concrete needs time to dry and settle, all towers are erected normally three weeks later, after the end of the following crop season and before the following one.

III. Given the limited time needed for the stringing, the latter can be done right after the tower construction, before the following crop season.

9. For this reason no household is significantly affected due to the project. Thus, productive loss due to construction is negligible. However, due care shall be taken to avoid damages to crop/trees by taking up the construction activities during lean period or post- harvest season. As per the prevailing norms farming activity shall be allowed after the construction work is completed. All affected farmers will be compensated for all sorts of damages during construction as per the laid down procedure.

1.7. Route Selection and Study of Alternatives

10. For selection of optimum route, the following points are taken into consideration:

(i) The route of the proposed transmission/distribution lines does not involve any human displacement/rehabilitation; (ii) Any monument of cultural or historical importance is not affected by the route of the transmission/distribution line; (iii) The proposed line route does not create any threat to the survival of any community with special reference to Tribal Community; (iv) The proposed line route does not affect any public utility services like playgrounds, schools, other establishments etc.; (v) The line route does not pass through any National Parks, Sanctuaries etc.; (vi) The line route does not infringe with area of natural resources.

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11. In order to achieve this, POWERGRIDundertakes route selection for individual line in close consultation with representatives of concerned Forest Department and the Department of Revenue. Although under the law, POWERGRIDhas right of eminent domain for placing towers on Private land (Section 164 of the Electricity Act read with section-10 of the Indian Telegraph Act 1885), yet alternative alignments are considered, keeping in mind, the above-mentioned factors during site selection, with minor alterations often added to avoid environmentally sensitive areas and settlements at execution stage.

a. As a rule, alignments are generally cited away from major towns, whenever possible, to account for future urban expansion; b. Similarly, forests are avoided to the extent possible, and when it is not possible, a route is selected in consultation with the local Divisional Forest Officer, that causes minimum damage to existing forest resources; c. Alignments are selected to avoid wetlands and unstable areas for both financial and environmental reasons.

12. In addition, care is also taken to avoid National Parks and Wildlife Sanctuaries and any other forest area rich in wildlife. Keeping above in mind the route of proposed lines have been so aligned that it takes care of above factors. As such different alternatives were studied with the help of Govt. published data like Forest atlas, Survey of India topo maps, satellite imageries etc. to arrive at most optimum sections of the route which can be taken up for detailed survey and assessment of environmental & social impacts for their proper management.

13. The comparative details of three alternatives in respect of proposed lines are presented in Annexure-1.

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II. SOCIO-ECONOMIC INFORMATION AND PROFILE

2.1.General

14. The socio-economic profile of the project area is based on general information collected from various secondary sources. As the assets of any sorts will not be acquired but for temporary damage to crops/trees or any other structures, adequate compensation as per norms shall be paid to all APs. This chapter provides briefphysiographic features and socio-economic profile in terms of demography, literacy, employment and other infrastructure etc. in project area districts viz. Tumkur, Chitradurga, Mandya, Mysore, Hassan, Chikballapur and Rural of Karnataka and district of Andhra Pradesh State through which the proposed lines will traverse.

2.2. Karnataka

2.2.1. Land Use Pattern

15. Karnataka is a state in Southern India bordered by the Arabian Sea to the west, Goa to the northwest, Maharashtra to the north, Andhra Pradesh to the east, Tamil Nadu to the southeast, and Kerala to the southwest. It is situated between 11°31' & 18°45'N latitude and 74°12' & 78°40'E longitude and lies in the west central part of peninsular India. The state covers an area of 1,91,791 square kilometer (sq. km.) or 5.83% of the total geographical area of India. It is the eighth largest state in India by area. With over 61 million inhabitants (2011), Karnataka is the ninth largest state by population, comprising 30 districts. Kannada is the most widely spoken and official language of the State.

16. Physiographically the state is divided into four regions. The northern plains and the southern plains are on the eastern side of the State; the coastal area to the west of the Western Ghats and the hilly region forming the Ghats. In the narrow coastal belt in the extreme west, the elevation ranges from 0 to 200 meters. In the hilly areas the elevation generally varies from 200 to 1900 meters and in the plains it ranges from 300 to 1000 meters. The detailed land use pattern of the state is given in Table 2.1.

Table-2.1: Land use Pattern in Karnataka

Land use Area in ‘000 ha Percentage Total geographical area 19179 - Reporting area for land utilization 19050 100.00 Forests 3073 16.13 Not available for cultivation 2230 11.70 Permanent pasture & other grazing lands 906 4.76 Land under misc. tree crops & groves 281 1.48 Culturable wasteland 411 2.16

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Fallow land other than current fallows 525 2.76 Current fallows 1700 8.92 Net area sown 9923 52.09 Source: Land Use Statistics, Ministry of Agriculture, GOI, 2013-14

17. Tumkur district is positioned in the south eastern part of Karnataka state. It lies between 120 45‟ & 140 22‟N latitudes and 760 24‟ & 770 30‟E longitudes. The shape of the district is irregular with the North-East part of it is totally detached from the remaining area. The district is having a total geographical area of 10597 sq. km. The landscape of the district consists mainly of undulating plains interspersed with a scattering of hills. The landmass in the plains ranges between 450 to 840 m above Mean Sea Level (MSL), while hilly areas range between 840 to 1200 m above MSL.

18. Chitradurga is situated in the southern part of the Deccan Peninsula and occupies a central position in the State of Karnataka. It lies between 130 34‟ and 150 03‟N latitudes and 760 01‟ and 770 02‟E longitudes. The district has a geographical area of 8436 sq.km. The district is characterized with undulating plains, interspersed with sporadic ranges and isolated low ranges of rocky hills. The contour in the district ranges from 500- 900 metres in height. The whole of lies in the Valley of Vedavathiriver.

19. The district Mandya lies between 12013‟ & 13004‟N latitude and 76019‟ & 77020‟E longitudes. The district is bounded on northwest by Hassan district, on the north and northeast by Tumkur district, on the east by Bangalore district and south by Mysore and Chamarajnagar district. The district covers an area of about 4,850.8 sq.km. The surface topography is in the form of undulating plain situated at an average elevation of 750- 900m above MSL. The general slope in the district is in southeast direction.

20. is one of the southern most districts of the state and is bordered by Kodagu district in the west, Cannanore district of Kerala state in the south west, Chamarajanagar district in the south and south east, Mandya district in the north and Hassan district in the North West. The district lies between 11045' to 12040'N latitudes and 75059' to 77005'E longitudes covering an area of 6269 sq. km. The district is classified as uplands area. However the south-western parts of the district falls under semi-malnad category with elevation ranging from 2200 to 3150 m above MSL, whereas the general elevation of uplands is 700-900 m above MSL. The malnad region is covered under forest.

21. Chikballapur district is the eastern gateway to Karnataka. It formed by bifurcating old in to Chikballapur and Kolar districts. It is land locked district and hard rock terrain of Karnataka in the maiden (plain) region and covers an area of 4208 sq.km. The district lies between 13˚13‟ & 13˚58‟ N latitude and 77˚21‟ & 78˚ 12‟E Longitude. It is bounded by Bangalore and Tumkur districts on the west, of Andhra Pradesh on the north, on the east and by Kolar district on the south.

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22. Hassan district is located on the border of the Western Ghats, in the southern part of Karnataka state. It is located between 12°30‟ & 13°35‟N latitude and 75°15‟ & 76°40‟ E longitude covering a geographical area of 6826.15 sq. km. The district is surrounded by Chitradurga to the north, Tumkur to the east, Mandya t to the south east, Mysore to the south, and district to the west.

23. Bangalore Rural district is located in the south-eastern part of Karnataka state between the 12015‟ & 13031‟N latitude and 77004‟ & 77059‟E longitude, covering a geographical area of 5814 sq. km. The district is bounded by Kolar and Tumkur district in the north, Mandya district on the west, Chamarajanagar district on the south and towards southeast by Tamil Nadu state. The district can be divided in to rocky upland, plateau and flat-topped hills at an elevation of about 900m above MSL. The major part of the district lies in Cauvery basin.

2.2.2. Climate

24. Karnataka has a tropical climate with three major seasons warm and dry from February to May, Monsoon from June to October and winter from November to January. The state has a salubrious climate, cosmopolitan culture and a global image, which makes the state an ideal destination to live and work.

25. The climate of Tumkur district is moderate leaving a few extreme in places. The South-West monsoon season is from June to September and the NE monsoon period from October to December. The normal rainfall in the district is 780mm. The rainfall is highest in the eastern part of the district and reducing sharply in the northern part and gradually in the west. The temperatures start rising from January to a peak of around 34 0C in April, the hottest month in the district. Thereafter it declines during the monsoon period and December is coldest month and the temperatures dips down to 16 0C.

26. The climate of Chitradurga district is marked by hot summer months, low rainfall and a pleasant monsoon. Generally the hot season starts by the end of February and lasts till about the beginning of June with the maximum temperature marks up to36.2 0C in April and some time it reaches up to 41 0C.The south-west monsoon extends from June to September. The average rainfall in the district ranges from 483 to 682 mm. The period from December to February constitutes the cold season and is characterized by a clear bright weather with the mean daily maximum temperature at 27.9 0C and mean daily minimum at 16.6 0C.

27. Mandya district enjoys sub-tropical climate with temperatures ranging between 16 0C and 35 0C. April is the hottest month and with the onset of southwest monsoon in June, the temperature drops considerably. December is the coldest month. The rainfall is generally uniform in the district except in the western sector where it is slightly higher. The normal rainfall of the district is 623mm.

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28. Mysore district has a tropical savana climate with average minimum and maximum temperatures vary from 34 to 21.4 0C in April to 16.4 to 28.5 0C in January. The main seasons are summer from March to June, the monsoon season from July to November and winter from December to February Relative humidity ranges from 21 to 84%.The average rainfall of the district is 776.7 mm. The rainfall generally decreases from west to east. The pre-monsoon rainfall is more consistent than the post-monsoon rainfall.

29. Chickballapur district falls in the eastern dry agro climatic Zone and experiences a semi-arid climate, characterized by typical monsoon tropical weather with hot summers and mild winters. Normally April and May are hottest months with temperatures as high as 40 0C. They are generally lowest during December being as low as 10 0C. Normal annual rainfall ranges from around 651- 848 mm.

30. The climate of the Hasan district can be categorised at agreeable and pleasant. Summer season starts from the month of March to the end of May and it is marked by rising day temperature. Generally, April happens to be the hottest month with a daily mean temperature of 33.5 0C. The south-west monsoon sets in during June and last till the end of September with the onset of rain. The winter season begins in December.. The average rainfall in the district ranges from 746 mm.

31. The climate in Bangalore rural district is quite solubnous, with three different seasons. The pre-monsoon starts from January to May. From April onward erratic thunderstorms occur increasing during the month of May. Temperature is lowest during December and January. The mean annual rainfall of the district is 986.19 mm. The maximum temperature rises to 33.6 0C during April - May and minimum temperature 15 0C during December to January.

2.2.3. Minerals

32. Karnataka is the sole producer of felsites and the leading producer of iron ore, chromite, and dunite. Karnataka is the main gold producing state in the country, contributing 99% to India's total gold production. Karnataka is extremely resource rich and hosts country's 78% vanadium ore, 74% iron ore (magnetite), 42% tungsten ore, 38% asbestos, 33% titaniferous magnetite, 30% limestone, 25% granite, 22% manganese ore, 19% corundum, 18% dunite, 13% kyanite and 11% iron ore (hematite) resources. Steel zones proposed in Bellary, Koppal, Raichur, Bagalkot, Haveri and Gadag districts. Cement Industrial zones proposed in Gulbarga, Bagalkot, Chitradurga, and Belgaum districts. The minerals found in project area district are provided below in Table 2.2.

Table-2.2: District wise Mineral distribution of Karnataka under Project area

District Minerals found Tumkur China Clay, Dolomite, Fireclay, Gold, Iron Ore (Hematite), Limestone, Manganese, Quartz/Silica sand, Steatite, Granite

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Chitradurga Dolomite, Feldspar, Fireclay, Gold, Iron Ore (Hematite), Kyanite, Limestone, Manganese, Quartz/Silica sand, Steatite, Barytes& Pyrite, Copper, Corundum, Silver Mandya Kyanite, Magnesite, Quartz/Silica sand, Steatite, Asbestos, Corundum Mysore Chromite, Dolomite, Pyroxenite, Kyanite, Limestone, Magnesite, Quartz/Silica sand, Steatite, Asbestos, Calcite, Corundum, Graphite Chikaballabpur Quartz Hasan Chromite, China clay, Asbestos, Corundum, Feldspar, Fire clay, Gold, Iron ore, Vanadium, Granite, Limestone, quartz, vermiculite Bangalore China clay, Feldspar, Fireclay, Quartz/Silica sand, Corundum, Granite Rural

2.2.4. Soil

33. The soil in Karnataka is varied with red clay and laterite soil, red soil mixed with clay and sand, black soil or split. These can be broadly divided into 6 soil types black, laterite, red and red loamy, coastal alluvial, dark brown clayey & mixed red and black soil. Majority of area is occupied with red & black which constitute 37.3% & 27.77% respectively of the total geographical area of the State.

34. Tumkur region has three major types of soils such as Red Loamy, Red Sandy and Black Soil. The major part of the district has red sandy soil. Chitradurga district is having a fertile black soil with their bases having a high water holding capacity. In some area, rich clay soil is also found. The majority area of Mandya, Mysore and Hassandistrict is covered with red sandy soil. The soil types of Chickballapur&Bangalore Rural district varies from red loamy soil to red sandy soil and lateritic soil.

2.2.5. Water Resources

35. Major rivers that flow in Karnataka state are Krishna, Godavari, Cauvery, West flowing rivers &Pennar. Tumkur district is drained by both north flowing Pennar, and Lower Tungabhadra and south flowing Lower Cauvery basins. None of these rivers is perennial in nature. Chitradurga district is drained mainly by the Vedavati which runs for a length of about 129 km. in the district. The important rivers of Mandyadistrict are Cauvery, Hemanvathy, , Lokapavani and Viravaishnavi all of which flow towards south and finally eastwards cutting through eastern range of hills. However, there are no perennial rivers in Chickballapur district. The district is drained by three river basins namely Palar, Ponnaiyar, and Pennar. All these rivers and their tributaries are small and carry water only during rainy season. The major part of the Hasan district is in Cauvery main basin drained by Cauvery, Hemavathy and Yagachi rivers. Mysore district is drained by 5 perennial rivers namely East flowing Cauvery, Kabini, Nugu, Gundal and Lakshmanthirtha. Important rivers draining the Bangalore Rural district are Cauvery, south Pennar, North Pennar and palar, Cauvery with its tributaries like Kanva, Arkavathi and Shimsha draining the area.

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2.2.6. Ecological Resources

36. The recorded forest area of the state is 38,284 sq. km which constitutes 19.96% of the geographic area of the State and 5.01% of India‟s forest Area.The Western Ghats, which covers about 60% of forest area of Karnataka, is recognized as one of the 18-mega bio-diversity hotspots of the world. The Western Ghats forests are rich in faunal and floral diversity and are very valuable as both genetic and natural resources. Several economically important species such as Sandalwood (Santalam album), Rosewood (Dalbergialatifolia), Teak (Tectonagrandis), Honne (Pterocarpusmarsupium), White Cedar (Dysoxylonmalabaricum) and many non-timbers and other medicinal plant species grow naturally in the forests of Karnataka. The forest cover of project districts ranges from 4.17% (in Mandya) to 20.0% (in Hassan).

2.2.7. Human and Economic Development

37. According to the 2011 census of India, the total population of Karnataka was 61,095,297 of which 30,966,657 (50.7%) were male and 30,128,640 (49.3%) were female, or 1000 males for every 973 females. This represents a 15.60% increase over the population in 2001. The State has a literacy rate of 75.60%, with 82.85% of males and 68.13% of females in the state being literate. Kannada is the official language of Karnataka and spoken as a native language by about 66.26% of the people as of 2001. Other linguistic minorities in the state were Urdu (10.54%), Telugu (7.03%), Tamil (3.57%), Marathi (3.6%), Tulu (3.0%), Hindi (2.56%), Konkani (1.46%), Malayalam (1.33%) and KodavaTakk (0.3%). In the field of specialty health care, Karnataka's private sector competes with the best in the world.

38. Karnataka has been middle -ranking State among 15 major States of India on a variety of development indicators. During the 11th five-year plan period, the State's economy has grown by 8.0 % while the country's economy as per CAGR was 7.9 %. GDP of the state during 2011-12 was Rs.2,97,964 crores at constant prices. Advance estimates show that Karnataka's GSDP at constant (2011-12) prices is expected to grow at 6.2% and reach Rs.780805 crores in 2015-16. Per Capita State Income (i.e. per capita NSDP) of Karnataka at current prices is estimated at Rs.145799 during 2015-16 as against Rs.130897 in 2014-15 with an increase of 11.4%. The Per Capita National Income is expected to reach Rs.93231 during 2015-16 from Rs.86879 during 2014-15 with an increase of 7.3%. The level of per capita income at constant (2011- 12) prices for the year 2015-16 is estimated to reach Rs.110624 as compared to Rs.105350 achieved in 2014-15.

39. Karnataka the highest numbers of persons are self-employed (43.7%). This is followed by casual labourers with 36.4% and wage earners with 18.6%. The proportion of contract workers is just 1.3%. The State has more number of casual workers than the national average of 31.1% and wage earners of 15.4%. Among the total working force, self-employed and casual labourers account for more than 81%, at all India. During the last

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few years, the services sector has been the largest component of GSDP. The composition of „Real estate, Professional Services & Ownership of Dwellings‟ is highest with 32.8% in 2015-16. This is followed by Manufacturing (14.6%), Trade and Repair Services (9.2%) and Crops (8.7%). Industries play an important role in the economic development of the state. Economic Survey of Karnataka 2015-16 19 Karnataka has been driving force in the growth of Indian industry, particularly in terms of high-technology industries in the areas of electrical and electronics, information & communication technology (ICT), biotechnology and, more recently, nanotechnology. The industrial structure of Karnataka presents a blend of modern high tech capital goods and knowledge intensive industries on the one hand and traditional consumer goods industries on the other .In 2014-15, 28742 MSME Units have been registered in the State with an investment of Rs.279291 lakh and providing employment to 175469 persons.

40. The GDP of Tumkur is around 16600 crores (2014). Being an agrarian economy, the major plantation crops of Tumkur are coconuts and arceanuts. The major cash crops are paddy, ragi and groundnuts. Iron ore, manganese and granite are the major minerals found in Tumkur District. Owing to its proximity to Bangalore, besides being the gateway to Karnataka, being on the Chennai – Mumbai Industrial Corridor and the infrastructure that Tumkur provides. Tumkur is home to 24 large scale industries with an investment of 911.42 crores and generating an employment for 6445 persons. The existing 15 medium scale industries and 23804 micro and small Industries employ 132994 persons and account for an investment of close to 790 crores. Also 2000 MW of Solar power plant on 11000 acres in Pavagada to cater to the power needs of Tumkur and adjoining districts.

41. Chitradurga's total GDP stands at INR 52.26 billion contributing 1.7% to State GSDP. Its per capita annual income in the district is INR.47, 534. However, the GDDP trend has been growing at 3% CAGR from 2007-8 to 2012-13; with agriculture and allied industries sector being the highest contributors at 3.5% for 2012-13. Chitradurga is an agriculture dominant economy with over 50% of the net area under cultivation. It cultivates major crops like Paddy, Ragi, Jowar and Maize. Pulse varieties grown include Red gram, Horse gram, Green gram, Black gram, Bengal gram and Tur and Commercial crops like Groundnut, Sunflower, Cotton and Tobacco Rich in animal wealth. Textile constitutes second highest number of Large & Medium industries in the district along with approximately 12% of SSI units in the district. One of the highest investment attracting sectors, it has 3 artisan clusters in Textile Handlooms and Hand Printing in the region.

42. Since Mandya district is located on the banks of the river Cauvery, agriculture is the predominant occupation and the single largest contributor to district‟s economy. The main crops grown are paddy, sugarcane, jowar, maize, cotton, banana, ragi, coconut, pulses (predominantly horse gram and to some extent tur, cowpea, green gram, black gram, avare), vegetables etc.

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43. The economy of Chikaballabpur district is mostly agrarian with major producer for grape, grain and silk. Besides, horticultural & livestock also constitute major resources for economic. The district has the potential to launch grape processing and its products, milk processing and milk based products, Gem cutting, stone crushing, automobile components, poultry and cattle feed, which have tremendous scope in the District. There is huge scope for food processing industry. The urban market in Bangalore provides ample opportunity for food processing sector in the district. There is huge scope for Grapes and other horticulture produce industry.

44. Hassan district has strong agricultural base with good technical man power is available. There is growth due to establishment of industrial areas and many small scale industries related food industries. Around 70% of the population is under agricultural occupation. Coffee and Cardamom are indirectly exported through important metropolitan like Bangalore, and Chennai. Existing textile zone in the district with an investment of US$ 114.69 million (INR 551 crores) providing employment to 2390 persons. Garments are also exported from SEZ units. The total district GDP is 6612 crores of which Agriculture & allied, Industry, services sectors contribute 1787, 1437 and 3388 crores respectively.

45. Tourism is the major industry in Mysore. The attracted about 3.15 million tourists in 2010. Mysore has traditionally been home to industries such as weaving, sandalwood carving, bronze work and the production of lime and salt. The planned industrial growth of the city and the state was first envisaged at the Mysore economic conference in 1911. This led to the establishment of industries such as the Mysore Sandalwood Oil Factory in 1917 and the Sri Krishnarajendra Mills in 1920.For the industrial development of the city, the Karnataka Industrial Areas Development Board (KIADB) has established four industrial areas in and around Mysore, in the Belagola, Belawadi, Hebbal and Hootagalli areas. One of the major industrial in the proximity of Mysore is Nanjangud which will be Satellite town to Mysore. Nanjangud industrial area hosts a number of industries like Nestle India ltd, Reid and Taylor, Jubiliant, TVS, Asian Paints. Nanjangud Industrial area also boasts being 2nd highest VAT / Sales Taxpayer which is about 400+ crores after Peenya which is in state capital Bangalore. JK Tyre has its manufacturing facility in Mysore.

46. The district contribution is a meager 2% to Karnataka‟s NDP. However, the per- capita NDP of Bangalore Rural is much higher than that of Karnataka. This may be because of its proximity to Bengaluru Urban. People from the district avail the employment opportunities present in the neighboring Bengaluru Urban. The district is endowed with agricultural and horticultural crops such as ragi, rice, groundnut, sugarcane, castor, grapes, mulberry, etc. There are adequate infrastructural facilities such as transport and communications, banking, credit, and marketing. Though the region is not rich in mineral resources, its non-metallic mineral resources are utilized for bricks, tiles, and stoneware manufacture. For many years, weaving has also been a major occupation for a large

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section of the population. The soil and such climatic conditions are congenial for the cultivation of mulberry, rearing of silkworms, and production of silk, besides other agro- based industries. There are a number of wineries and quantity of production of wine has been increasing.

2.2.8. Demography Features

2.2.8.1. Total Population 47. The total population of Karnataka is 61,095,297, which has 37,469,335 (61%) rural and 23,625,962 (39%) urban population. District Bangalore (rural) has the lowest population of 990,923, (78% rural and 22% urban) followed by Chikkaballapur having a population of 1,255,104 of which 78% are rural and 22% are urban population; while Mysore has the highest population of 3,001,127 of which 59% are rural and 41% are urban population followed by Tumkur, which has a total population of 2,678,980 having 78% rural and 22% urban population. Details are given below in the Table 2.3.

Table 2.3: Details on Total Population

State/Districts Total Total Rural Total Percentage Percentage Population Urban (Rural) (Urban) Karnataka 61,095,297 37,469,335 23,625,962 61 39 Chitradurga 1,659,456 1,329,923 329,533 80 20 Tumkur 2,678,980 2,079,902 599,078 78 22 Mandya 1,805,769 1,497,407 308,362 83 17 Mysore 3,001,127 1,755,714 1,245,413 59 41 Chikkaballapur 1,255,104 973,985 281,119 78 22 Hassan 1,776,421 1,399,658 376,763 79 21 Bangalore Rural 990,923 722,179 268,744 73 27 Source: Census of India, 2011

2.2.8.2. Male & Female Population

48. The Total Population in Karnataka stands at 61,095,297 of which male population stands at 30,966,657 (51%) and female population stands at 30,128,640 (49%). District Mysore having the highest population 3,001,127 of which 1,511,600 are males (50% approx.) and females 1,489,527 (approx. 50%) having a sex ratio of 985 females per 1000 males. Bangalore (rural) is the less populated district having a total population of 990,923 of which 509,172 (51%) are males and 481,751 (49%) are females having a sex ratio of 946 followed by Chikkaballapur which has total population of 1,255,104 having 636,437 (51%) males and 618,667 (49%) females. The sex ratio of Chikkaballapur is 972. District Hassan has the highest sex ratio of 1010 followed by Mandya having 995 sex ratio. Bangalore Rural has the lowest sex ratio of 946 followed by Chikkaballapur having sex ratio of 972 females per 1000 males. Details are given in Table 2.4.

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Table 2.4: Details on Male &Female Population

State/Districts Total Total Male Total Percenta Per.tage Sex Population Female ge (Male) (Female) Ratio Karnataka 61,095,297 30,966,657 30,128,640 51 49 973 Chitradurga 1,659,456 840,843 818,613 51 49 974 Tumkur 2,678,980 1,350,594 1,328,386 50 50 984 Mandya 1,805,769 905,085 900,684 50 50 995 Mysore 3,001,127 1,511,600 1,489,527 50 50 985 Chikkaballapur 1,255,104 636,437 618,667 51 49 972 Hassan 1,776,421 883,667 892,754 50 50 1010 Bangalore Rural 990,923 509,172 481,751 51 49 946 Source: Census of India, 2011

2.2.8.3. Scheduled Caste (SC) and Scheduled Tribe (ST) Population

49. The table given below (Table 2.5) explains the total SC/ST population in Karnataka and it‟s major districts. From the table below it could be inferred that Karnataka has a total population of 61,095,297, of which 10,474,992 (17%) are SC and 4,248,987 (7%) are ST population. Similarly in District BangaloreRural which has a lowest population of 990,923, 213,700 are SC (22%) and 52,903 (5%) are ST followed by Chikkaballapur 1,255,104 having 312,565 (25%) SC population and 156,487 (12%) ST population. District Mysore has the highest population of 3,001,127 having 536,643 (18%) SC and 334, 547 (11%) ST population followed by district Tumkur having a total population of 2,678,980 of which 506,901 (19%) SC population and 209,559 (8%) ST population.

Table 2.5: Details on SC/ST Population

State/Districts Total Total SC Percentage Total ST Percentage Population Population of SC Population of ST Population Population Karnataka 61,095,297 10,474,992 17 4,248,987 7 Chitradurga 1,659,456 389,117 23 302,554 18 Tumkur 2,678,980 506,901 19 209,559 8 Mandya 1,805,769 265,294 15 22,402 1 Mysore 3,001,127 536,643 18 334,547 11 Chikkaballapur 1,255,104 312,565 25 156,487 12 Hassan 1,776,421 345,031 19 32,329 2 Bangalore Rural 990,923 213,700 22 52,903 5 Source: Census of India, 2011

2.2.8.4. Literacy and illiteracy Pattern

50. The state Karnataka has a total population of 61,095,297 of which total literates are 40,647,322 (67%) and illiterates are 20,447,975 (33%). District Bangalore (rural) has the

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total population of 990,923 of which 688,749 (70%) are literates and rest 302,174 (30%) are illiterates followed Chikkaballapur 1,255,104 of which total literates are 783,222 (62%) and illiterates are 471,882 (38%). District Mysore has the highest population of 3,001,127 of which 1,962,180 are literates (65%) and rest 1,038,947 (35%) are illiterates followed by district Tumkur which has the second highest population of 2,678,980 of which literates are 1,813,391 (68%) and illiterates are 865,589 (32%). Thirdly district Mandya has the population of 1,805,769 of which total literates are 1,149,649 (64%) and illiterates are 656,120 (36%). Details are given in Table 2.6.

Table 2.6: Details on Literates and Illiterates

State/Districts Total Total Percentage Total Percentage Population Literate of Literate illiterate of illiterate Karnataka 61,095,297 40,647,322 67 20,447,975 33 Chitradurga 1,659,456 1,087,392 66 572,064 34 Tumkur 2,678,980 1,813,391 68 865,589 32 Mandya 1,805,769 1,149,649 64 656,120 36 Mysore 3,001,127 1,962,180 65 1,038,947 35 Chikkaballapur 1,255,104 783,222 62 471,882 38 Hassan 1,776,421 1,225,256 69 551,161 31 Bangalore Rural 990,923 688,749 70 302,174 30 Source: Census of India, 2011

2.2.8.5. Male and Female Literacy

51. Total Population in Karnataka stands at 61,095,297, of which total literate population stands at 40,647,322, having 55% male and 45% female literate population. The male and female literacy is the districts are almost homogenous. Highest male literacy is found in the districts of Chitradurga, Mandya, Chikkaballapur and Bangalore Rural which stand to be 56% and the female literacy rate is 44%. Mysore has 54% of male literacy and 46% of female literacy. Details are given below in the Table 2.7.

Table 2.7: Details on Total Population Literate

State/Districts Total Total Total Percentage Percentage Population Male(Litera Female(Litera (Male) (Female) (Literate) te) te) Karnataka 40,647,322 22,508,471 18,138,851 55 45 Chitradurga 1,087,392 607,188 480,204 56 44 Tumkur 1,813,391 1,006,024 807,367 55 45 Mandya 1,149,649 638,668 510,981 56 44 Mysore 1,962,180 1,063,766 898,414 54 46 Chikkaballapur 783,222 442,158 341,064 56 44 Hassan 1,225,256 668,836 556,420 55 45 Bangalore Rural 688,749 385,311 303,438 56 44 Source: Census of India, 2011

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2.2.8.6. Households Composition

52. From the table given below (Table 2.8), it could be inferred that Karnataka in total has a households of 13,357,027, out of which the rural households is 7,946,657 (59%) and urban households is 5,410,370 (41%). Also from the table below it could be understood that Mysore is the most populated district in Karnataka state, having a total households of 700,968; out of which 406,952 (58%) is the rural households and 294,016 (42%) is the urban households. District Bangalore (Rural) is the least populated having a total household of 229,279 (72% Rural and 28% Urban households) followed by District Chikkaballapur which has the second least households of 284,698 (78% Rural and 22% Urban).

Table 2.8: Details on Households

State/Districts Total Total Total(Urb Percentage Percentage Households (Rural) an) (Rural) (Urban) Karnataka 13,357,027 7,946,657 5,410,370 59 41 Chitradurga 357,003 283,669 73,334 79 21 Tumkur 640,081 497,521 142,560 78 22 Mandya 428,625 355,271 73,354 83 17 Mysore 700,968 406,952 294,016 58 42 Chikkaballapur 284,698 220,987 63,711 78 22 Hassan 433,453 341,634 91,819 79 21 Bangalore Rural 229,279 164,814 64,465 72 28 Source: Census of India, 2011

2.2.8.7. Working Population

53. The table given below (Table 2.9) has a wide description of total working population in Karnataka state and major districts in it. Karnataka state in total has 27,872,597 working population of which 18,270,116 (66%) male working population and 9,602,481 (34%) female working population. District Bangalore (rural) has the lowest working population, standing at 459,891 in total of which 315,499 (69%) are male working and 144,392 (31%) are female working population followed by Chikkaballapur having total 639,778 working population of which 60% are male and 40% are female working population. District Tumkur has the highest working population of 1,354,646 (62% male and 38% female) followed by district Mysore having total working population of 1,314,268 (70% male and 30% female).

Table 2.9: Details on Population Work

State/Districts Total Total Male Total Percentage Percentage Population (Work) Female (Male) (Female) (Work) (Work) Karnataka 27,872,597 18,270,116 9,602,481 66 34 Chitradurga 856,587 513,311 343,276 60 40

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Tumkur 1,354,646 837,512 517,134 62 38 Mandya 871,408 575,203 296,205 66 34 Mysore 1,314,268 921,803 392,465 70 30 Chikkaballapur 639,778 384,452 255,326 60 40 Hassan 903,580 560,452 343,128 62 38 Bangalore Rural 459,891 315,499 144,392 69 31 Source: Census of India, 2011

2.3. Andhra Pradesh

2.3.1. Land Use Pattern

54. Andhra Pradesh has a geographic area of 160,204 sq. km., which constitutes 8.37% of the total area of the country. It is situated in the tropical zone and lines between 120 40‟ and 19050‟ N latitude and 760 45‟ and 840 40‟ E longitude. It is bordered by Telangana in the north-west, Chhattisgarh in the north, Odisha in the north-east, Karnataka in the west, Tamil Nadu in the south and the water body of in the east. Physiographically the state can be divided into 3 distinct regions viz. (i) the mountainous region having Nallamalai and Erramalai Hills of the and the (ii) the plateau having an altitude of 100 m to 800m and (iii) the deltas of rivers and the sea coast. The general land use pattern of the state is given in Table 2.10.

Table-2.10: Land use Pattern in Andhra Pradesh

Land Use Area in ‘000 ha Percentage Total geographical area 16020 Reporting area for land utilization 16020 100.00 Forests 3493 21.80 Not available for cultivation 3436 21.45 Permanent pastures and other grazing lands 212 1.32 Land under misc.tree crops & groves 160 1.00 Culturable wasteland 392 2.45 Fallow lands other than current fallows 792 4.94 Current Fallows 1087 6.79 Net area sown 6448 40.25 Source: Land Use Statistics, Ministry of Agriculture, GOI, 2013-14

55. Anantapur district is one of the four districts of Rayalaseema Region and the largest among the 23 districts of Andhra Pradesh. The district is economically backward and chronically drought affected. The district has three revenue districts, 63 mandals and 932 revenue villages and 7 . The district lies between 13040‟ and 16015‟ N latitudes and 70050‟ and 78038‟E longitudes with a geographical area of 19,197 sq.km. The district occupies the southern part of the State and is bounded on the north by Bellary district of Karnataka State and district of Andhra Pradesh, on the East by Cuddapah and Chittoor districts of Andhra Pradesh and on the South and West by Karnataka State.

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2.3.2. Climate

56. Climate of the State is hot and humid with temperatures ranging from 150C to 450C. Annual rainfall rages from 1,100 to 1,250 mm in the north, reducing to about 500 mm in the south. The north-eastern areas along the coastline are periodically lashed by cyclones. Anantapur has a semi-arid climate, with hot and dry conditions for most of the year. Summers start in late February and peak in May with average high temperatures around 37 °C range. Monsoon arrives in September and lasts until early November with about 250 mm (9.8 in) of precipitation. A dry and mild winter starts in late November and lasts until early February; with little humidity and average temperatures in the 22–23 °C range. Total annual rainfall is about 22 in (560 mm).

2.3.3. Minerals

57. Andhra Pradesh is listed top in the deposit and production of mica in India. Minerals found in the state include limestone, reserves of oil and natural gas, manganese, asbestos, iron ore, ball clay, fire clay, gold diamonds, graphite, dolomite, quartz, tungsten, steatitic, feldspar, silica sand. The minerals found in Anantapur district are Barytes, Calcite, China Clay, Corundum, Dolomite, Felspar, Granite, Iron Ore (Hematite& Magnetite), Limestone, Ochre, Pyriphyllite, Quartz/Silica, Steatite, Diamond.

2.3.4. Soil

58. The State is endowed with a wide variety of soils having less fertile coastal sands to highly fertile and productive deltaic alluviums of major river basins developed from different parent materials. . The major soil groups are red and laterites (66%), black (25 %), alluvial (5 %) and coastal (3 %) soils.Anantapur district comprises of red soils which constitute 76% and black soil 24%. About 30% of the lands are saline and alkaline. Paddy and Groundnut are major Agricultural crops in the District. When it comes to Horticulture Banana and Papaya are heavily cultivated.

2.3.5. Water Resources

59. The major rivers of the State are Godavari, Krishna and Pennar, which pass through the Deccan Plateau and drain into the Bay of Bengal. Nearly 75% of the state area is covered by the river basins of the Godavari, Krishna and Pennar and their tributaries. There are 17 smaller rivers e.g.Sarada, Nagavali and Musi, as well as several streams.Nearly 80% of Anantapur district is drained by the river Pennar and its tributaries like Chitravati, Papagni, Maddeleru, Tadakaleru&Maravanka.. Radial drainage pattern is seen near , Rayadurg and Urvakonda villages. All the streams are ephemeral in nature.

2.3.6. Ecological Resources

60. The recorded forest area is 37,258 sq. km, which constitutes 23.25% of the

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geographic area of the State. The forests are the main source of supply of fodder and fuel and subsistence for the poorest sections of the people and tribal population in the interior under-developed areas of the State.The five forest types occurring in the state are Tropical Dry Deciduous, Tropical Thorn, Tropical Moist Deciduous, Tropical Dry Evergreen, and Littoral and Swamp forests.The project area district i.e. Anantapur has very low forest cover of only 3.6% total geographical area of the district

2.3.7. Human and Economic Development

61. As of 2011 Census of India, the State had a population of 49,386,799 with a population density of 308/km2. The total population constitutes70.4% of rural population with 34,776,389 inhabitants and 29.6% of urban population with 14,610,410 inhabitants. district has the largest urban population of 47.5% and district with 83.8%, has the largest rural population, among others districts in the State. The overall population of the state comprises 17.1% of Scheduled Caste and 5.3% of Scheduled Tribe population. There are 24,738,068 male and 24,648,731 female citizens with a sex ratio of 996 females per 1000 males, higher than the national average of 926 per 1000. The literacy rate of the State stands at 67.41%. Of that, male literacy stands at 75.56% while female literacy is at 59.74%. has the highest literacy rate of 74.6% and district has the least with 58.9%.

62. Andhra Pradesh was ranked eighth among other Indian states in terms of GSDP for the financial year 2014-2015. The GSDP at current prices was 5200.3 billion and at constant prices was 2645.21 billion. The domestic product of agriculture sector accounts for 545.99 billion (US$8.5 billion) and Industrial sector for 507.45 billion (US$7.9 billion). The service sector of the State accounts more percentage of the GSDP with a total of 1,305.87 billion (US$20 billion). In the 2010 list magazine by Forbes, there were several from Andhra Pradesh among the top 100 richest Indians.

63. Andhra Pradesh economy is mainly based on agriculture and livestock. Four important rivers of India, the Godavari, Krishna, Penna, and Thungabhadra flow through the state and provide irrigation. Around 60 % of population is engaged in agriculture and related activities. Rice is the major food crop and staple food of the state. It is an exporter of many agricultural products and is also known as "Rice Bowl of India". The state has three Agricultural Economic Zones in Chittoor district for mango pulp and vegetables, for mangoes, district for chilies. Besides rice, farmers also grow jowar, bajra, maize, minor millet, coarse grain, many varieties of pulses, oil seeds, sugarcane, cotton, chili pepper, mango nuts and tobacco. Crops used for vegetable oil production such as sunflower and peanuts are popular. There are many multi-state irrigation projects under development, including Basin Irrigation Projects and NagarjunaSagar Dam. Livestock and poultry is also another profitable business, which involves rearing cattle in enclosed areas for commercial purposes. The

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state is also a largest producer of eggs in the country and hence, it is nicknamed as "Egg Bowl of Asia". Fisheries contribute 10% of total fish and over 70% of the shrimp production of India. The geographical location of the state allows marine fishing as well as inland fish production. The most exported marine exports include Vannamei shrimp and are expected to cross $1 billion in 2013–2014.

64. The Gross District Domestic Product (GDDP) of the Anantapur district is 35,838 crore (US$5.6 billion) and it contributes 6.8% to the Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP). For the FY 2013-14, the per capita income at current prices was 69,562 (US$1,100). The primary, secondary and tertiary sectors of the district contribute 9,944 crore (US$1.5 billion), 7,752 crore (US$1.2 billion) and 18,142 crore (US$2.8 billion) respectively to the GDDP. Paddy and Groundnut are major Agricultural crops in the district. When it comes to Horticulture Banana and Papaya are heavily cultivated. The economy is principally agrarian with a developing industrial sector. Anantapur receives very less rainfall due to its location in the rain shadow area of Indian Peninsula. Prominent crops include groundnut, sunflower, rice, cotton, maize, chillies, sesame, and sugarcane. .Anantapur town is known as Groundnut City.

65. Anantapur has a major potential for development of industry due to its strategic location between Bangalore – Chennai and Bangalore –Hyderabad routes and availability of vast tracts of land. In 2006 the Indian government named Anantapur one of the country's 250 most backward districts (out of a total of 640). It is one of the thirteen districts in Andhra Pradesh currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF). Dharmavaram region in Anantapur is world-famous for the handmade pure silk sarees. It is a major hub for Silk trade with end to end silk related industries situated in the region supporting a major portion of population. region in Anantapur is an industrialised town famous for Granite and Cement production. Ultra Tech Cements a unit of Industrial major Larsen & Toubro has a major Cement production unit near the town.

2.3.8. Demography Features

2.3.8.1. Total Population

66. The total population of Andhra Pradesh is 84,580,777, which has 56,361,702 (67%) rural and 28,219,075 (33%) urban population. District Anantapur has the population of 4,081,148 (72% rural and 28% urban). Details are given below in the Table 2.11:

Table 2.11: Details on Total Population

State/Districts Total Total Rural Total Urban Percentage Percentage Population (Rural) (Urban) Andhra Pradesh 84,580,777 56,361,702 28,219,075 67 33 Anantapur 4,081,148 2,935,437 1,145,711 72 28 Source: Census of India, 2011

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2.3.8.2. Male/ Female Population

67. The Total Population in Andhra Pradesh stands at 84,580,777 of which male population stands at 42,442,146 (50%) and female population stands at 42,138,631 (50%). Anantapur district is having the population 4,081,148 of which 2,064,495 are males (51% approx.) and females 2,016,653 (approx. 49%) having a sex ratio of 977 females per 1000 males. Details are given in Table 2.12.

Table 2.12: Details on Male/Female Population

State/ Total Total Male Total Percentage Percentage Sex Districts Population Female (Male) (Female) Ratio Andhra 84,580,777 42,442,146 42,138,631 50 50 993 Pradesh Anantapur 4,081,148 2,064,495 2,016,653 51 49 977 Source: Census of India, 2011

2.3.8.3. Scheduled Caste (SC) and Scheduled Tribe (ST) Population

68. The table given below (Table 2.13) explains the total SC/ST population in Andhra Pradesh and Anantapur district. From the table it could be inferred that Andhra Pradesh has a total population of 84,580,777, of which 13,878,078 (16%) are SC and 5,918,073 (7%) are ST population. Similarly in district Anantapur has a population of 4,081,148, which comprises SC population of 583,135 and ST population of 154,127 i.e. 14% and 4% of total population of the district respectively.

Table 2.13: Details on SC/ST Population

State/Districts Total Total SC Percentage of Total ST Percentage of Population Population SC Population Population ST Population Andhra Pradesh 84,580,777 13,878,078 16 5,918,073 7 Anantapur 4,081,148 583,135 14 154,127 4 Source: Census of India, 2011

2.3.8.4. Literacy and illiteracy Pattern

69. The state Andhra Pradesh has a total population of 84,580,777 of which total literates are 50,556,760 (60%) and illiterates are 34,024,017 (40%). Anantapurdistrict has the total population of 4,081,148 of which 2,310,960 (57%) are literates and rest 1,770,188 (43%) are illiterates. Details are given in Table 2.14.

Table 2.14: Details on Literates and Illiterates State/Districts Total Total Percentage Total Percentage Population Literate of Literate illiterate of illiterate Andhra Pradesh 84,580,777 50,556,760 60 34,024,017 40 Anantapur 4,081,148 2,310,960 57 1,770,188 43 Source: Census of India, 2011

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2.3.8.5. Male and Female Literacy

70. Total Population in Andhra Pradesh stands at 50,556,760, of which total literate population stands at 50,556,760 having 56% male and 44% female literate population. However in Anantapur district, out of total literacy of 2,310,960; 58% is male and that of female is 42%. Details are given below in the table 2.15.

Table 2.15: Details on Total Population Literate

State/Distri Total Population Total Total Percentage Percentage cts (Literate) Male(Literate) Female(Literate) (Male) (Female) Andhra 50,556,760 28,251,243 22,305,517 56 44 Pradesh Anantapur 2,310,960 1,338,474 972,486 58 42 Source: Census of India, 2011

2.3.8.6. Households Composition

71. From the table given below (Table 2.16), it could be inferred that Andhra Pradesh in total has a households of 21,022,588, out of which the rural households is 14,234,387 (68%) and urban households is 6,788,201 (32%). Also from the table below it could be understood that Anantapur district is having a total households of 968,160; out of which 700,366 (72%) is the rural households and 267,794 (28%) is the urban households.

Table 2.16: Details on Households

State/Districts Total Total Total Percentage Percentage Households (Rural) (Urban) (Rural) (Urban) Andhra Pradesh 21,022,588 14,234,387 6,788,201 68 32 Anantapur 968,160 700,366 267,794 72 28 Source: Census of India, 2011

2.3.8.7. Working Population

72. The table given below (Table 2.17) has a description of total working population in Andhra Pradesh state and Anantapur district. The state in total has 39,422,906 working population of which 24,185,595 (61%) male working population and 15,237,311 (39%) female working population. District Anantapur has the working population, standing at 2,036,166 in total of which 1,208,544 (59%) are male working and 827,622 (41%) are female working population. Table 2.17: Details on Population Work

State/Districts Total Population Total Male Total Female Percentage Percentage (Work) (Work) (Work) (Male) (Female) Andhra Pradesh 39,422,906 24,185,595 15,237,311 61 39 Anantapur 2,036,166 1,208,544 827,622 59 41 Source: Census of India, 2011

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III. LEGAL & REGULATORY FRAMEWORK

3.1 Overview

73. In India, compensation for Land Acquisition (LA) and rehabilitation for project affected persons/families is directed by the National law i.e. “The Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013 (hereafter RFCTLARR, 2013”), effective from 1stJanuary 2014. For transmissionline project, land for tower and right of way is not acquiredand ownership of land remains with the owner and is allowed to continue cultivation after construction. However, as per existing laws9compensation for all damages are paid to the individual land owner. The relevant national laws applicable for transmissionproject are (i) The Electricity Act, 2003 and (ii) The Indian Telegraph Act, 1885 and (iii) MoP guidelines of Oct‟15 on RoW compensation. The compensation principles adopted for this project shall comply with applicable laws and regulations of the Government of India/ State Govt., ESPP as well as the Action Plan for Safeguards.

3.2 Statutory Requirements

74. Transmission lines are constructed under the ambit of the Electricity Act, 2003. The provisions stipulated in section 67-68 of the Electricity Act, 2003 read with section 10 & 16 of the Indian Telegraph Act, 1885 governs the compensation as POWERGRID has been vested with the powers of Telegraph Authority vide MoP‟s Gazette Notification dated 24th Dec., 2003 under sec 164 of the Electricity Act. As per the provision of Indian Telegraph Act, 1885 Section 10 b), POWERGRID is not authorized to acquire any land hence land under tower is not acquired. However, compensation for all damages are paid to the individual land owner as per the provision of Section-10 d) of Indian Telegraph Act, 1885.

75. The provisions in the Electricity Act, 2003 and Indian Telegraph Act, 1885 regarding compensation for laying of transmission lines are as follows:

3.2.1 The Electricity Act, 2003, Part-VIII, Section 67 & 68

Quote:

Section 67 (3-5):

(3) A licensee shall, in exercise of any of the powers conferred by or under this section and the rules made thereunder, cause as little damage, detriment and inconvenience as may be, and shall make full compensation for any damage, detriment or inconvenience caused by him or by any one employed by him.

9As per the present provision in the Electricity Act, 2003 read with relevant provisions of Indian Telegraph Act, 1885 all the damages (without acquisition of subject land) accrued to person while placing the tower and line are to be compensated

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(4) Where any difference or dispute [including amount of compensation under sub-section (3)] arises under this section, the matter shall be determined by the Appropriate Commission. (5) The Appropriate Commission, while determining any difference or dispute arising under this section in addition to any compensation under sub-section (3), may impose a penalty not exceeding the amount of compensation payable under that sub-section.

Section 68 (5 & 6):

(5) Where any tree standing or lying near an overhead line or where any structure or other object which has been placed or has fallen near an overhead line subsequent to the placing of such line, interrupts or interferes with, or is likely to interrupt or interfere with, the conveyance or transmission of electricity or to interrupt or interfere with, the conveyance or transmission of electricity or the accessibility of any works, an Executive Magistrate or authority specified by the Appropriate Government may, on the application of the licensee, cause the tree, structure or object to be removed or otherwise dealt with as he or it thinks fit. (6) When disposing of an application under sub-section (5), an Executive Magistrate or authority specified under that sub-section shall, in the case of any tree in existence before the placing of the overhead line, award to the person interested in the tree such compensation as he thinks reasonable, and such person may recover the same from the licensee. Explanation. - For purposes of this section, the expression “tree” shall be deemed to include any shrub, hedge, jungle growth or other plant.

Unquote.

3.2.2 The Indian Telegraph Act, 1885, Part-III, Section 10

Quote:

76. Section 10 – The telegraph authority may, from time to time, place and maintain a telegraph line under, over, along, or across, and posts in or upon any immovable property, Provided that a) the telegraph authority shall not exercise the powers conferred by this section except for the purposes of a telegraph established or maintained by the [Central Government], or to be so established or maintained; b) the [Central Government] shall not acquire any right other than that of user only in the property under, over, along, across in or upon which the telegraph authority places any telegraph line or post; and c) except as hereinafter provided, the telegraph authority shall not exercise those powers in respect of any property vested in or under the control or management of any local authority, without the permission of that authority; and

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d) in the exercise of the powers conferred by this section, the telegraph authority shall do as little damage as possible, and, when it has exercised those powers in respect of any property other than that referred to in clause (c), shall pay full compensation to all persons interested for any damage sustained by them by reason of the exercise of those powers. Unquote.

77. Section 16 of the Indian Telegraph Act, 1885 which stipulates as under:

16. Exercise of powers conferred by section 10, and disputes as to compensation, in case of property other than that of a local authority:

(1) If the exercise of the powers mentioned in Section 10 in respect of property referred to in clause (d) of that section is resisted or obstructed, the District Magistrate may, in his discretion, order that the telegraph authority shall be permitted to exercise them. (2) If, after the making of an order under sub section (1), any person resists the exercise of those powers, or, having control over the property, does not give all facilities for this being exercised, he shall be deemed to have committed an offence under section 188 of the Indian Penal Code (45 of 1860).

th 3.2.3. MoP guidelines dated 15 October, 2015 for payment of compensation towards damages in regard to RoW

78. Ministry of Power (MoP) vide its order No. 3/7/2015-Trans dated 15th April‟15 constituted a Committee comprising of representatives of various State Govt., MoP, Central Electricity Authority (CEA) & POWERGRID under the chairmanship of Special Secretary, MoP to analyze the issues relating to Right of Way for laying of transmission lines in the country and to suggest a uniform methodology for payment of compensation on this account. Based on recommendation of the Committee, Ministry of Power, Govt. of India vide its notification dated 15th Oct‟15 has issued guidelines for payment of compensation for damages in regard to RoW(Annexure-2). Ministry of Power (MoP) has also written to all the States for taking suitable decisions regarding adoption of these guidelines considering that acquisition of land is a State subject. Both Govt. of Karnataka & Andhra Pradesh10 has adopted the said guidelines for implementation (Annexure-3). As perprovisions of MoP guidelines following RoW compensation shall be paid to land owners in addition to normal tree and crop damage compensation; i) Tower base: Compensation @ 85% of land value as determined by DM or any other authority based on Circle rate/ Guideline value/ Stamp Act for tower base area (between four legs).

10 Govt. of Andhra Pradesh has notified RoW compensation guidelines on 20.06.17 with provisions of land compensation @ 100% for Tower Base and 10% for corridor area as determined by DM/any other authority Accordingly .POWERGRID shall pay compensation to affected persons as per norms.

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ii) Line corridor: Diminution of land value in the RoW would be decided by States as per categorization/type of land in different places of State subject to maximum of 15% of land value as determined based on Circle rate/ Guideline value/ Stamp Act.

11 3.3 ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS), 2009

79. ADB has adopted Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS) in 2009 including safeguard requirements for environment, involuntary resettlement and indigenous people. The objectives of the Involuntary Resettlement Safeguard policy is to avoid involuntary resettlement wherever possible; to minimize involuntary resettlement by exploring project and design alternatives; to enhance, or at least restore, the livelihoods of all displaced persons in real terms relative to pre-project levels; and to improve the standards of living of the displaced poor and other vulnerable groups.

80. The involuntary resettlement safeguards cover physical displacement (relocation, loss of residential land, or loss of shelter) and economic displacement (loss of land, assets, access to assets, income sources, or means of livelihoods) as a result of (i) involuntary acquisition of land, or (ii) involuntary restrictions on land use or on access to legally designated parks and protected areas. It covers them whether such losses and involuntary restrictions are full or partial, permanent or temporary. The three important elements of ADB‟s SPS (2009) are: (i) compensation at replacement cost for lost assets, livelihood, and income prior to displacement; (ii) assistance for relocation, including provision of relocation sites with appropriate facilities and services; and (iii) assistance for rehabilitation to achieve at least the same level of well-being with the project as without it. The SPS gives special attention to poor and vulnerable households to ensure their improved well- being as a result of project interventions.

3.4 POWERGRID's ESPP, 2009

81. To address the environmental and social issues related to its power transmission projects, POWERGRID has developed its corporate environmental and social policy and procedures (ESPP) in 1998 based on the principles of avoidance, minimization, and mitigation. The ESPP had been updated twice in 2005 & 2009 in line with the requirement of new enactment by Govt. of India, changed rules and guidelines including that of multilateral funding agency like World Bank, ADB, JBIC etc. and suggestion/best practices and feedback received from different sites and through wide consultation process with various stakeholders. POWERGRID‟s ESPP‟2009 is the first comprehensively analysed by

11 The safeguard requirements of ADB vis-s-vis POWERGRID‟s ESPP have been analyzed in detailed for use of Country Safeguards System (CSS) under ADB‟s SPS‟ 2009 and an action plan has been drawn to make it fully compliant under CSS which is enclosed as Annexure-4.

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World Bank‟s under its „Use of Country Systems (UCS)‟ policy and is certified to be compliant with Bank‟s environmental and social safeguards requirement

82. ESPP 2009 outlines POWERGRID's approach and commitment in dealing with the environmental and social issues relating to its transmission projects, lays down the management procedures and protocols for the purpose that includes the framework for identification, assessment, and management of environmental and social concerns at both organizational and project levels.

83. Specifically on social, the following criteria and approach are considered in the ESPP:

(i) Take due precautions to minimize disturbance to human habitations, tribal areas and places of cultural significance. (ii) Take due care of Project Affected Persons (PAP). (iii) Involve affected people from inception stage to operation and maintenance. (iv) Consult affected people in issues of ROWs, land acquisition or loss of livelihood. (v) Encourage consultation with communities in identifying environmental and social implications of projects. (vi) Guarantee entitlements and compensation to affected people as per its R&R policy. (vii) Share information with local communities about environmental and social implications. (viii) Always maintain highest standards of health and safety and adequately compensate affected persons in case of any eventuality.

84. POWERGRID„ssocialentitlementswithinitsResettlement and Rehabilitation (R&R) frameworkare variedandincludedifferenttypesofcompensationpackages. Temporary damages will occur during construction of transmission lines. The R&R framework is applicable in case of permanent land acquisition and not for temporary damages.

85. The Action Plan for Safeguards agreed for full compliance during the CSS equivalent is placed as Annexure-4.

3.5 Basic Principles for the Project

86. The basic principles adopted for the Project are:

(i) Avoid negative impacts of land acquisition and involuntary resettlement on persons affected by the Project to the extent possible. (ii) Where negative impacts cannot be avoided, assist affected persons (AP), in improving or at least regaining their standard of living and income.

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(iii) Carry out meaningful consultations with affected persons and inform all displaced persons of their entitlements and resettlement options. Ensure their participation in planning, implementation and monitoring of the Project (iv) Disclose all information related to, and ensure AP participation in, resettlement planning and implementation. (v) Provide compensation for acquired assets at replacement/market value in accordance with the RP/CPTD. (vi) Ensure that displaced persons without titles to land or any recognizable legal rights to land are eligible for resettlement assistance and compensation for loss of non- land assets. (vii) Provide resettlement assistance and income restoration to APs. (viii) Provide for APs not present during enumeration. However, anyone moving into the project area after will not be entitled to assistance. (ix) Develop procedures in a transparent, consistent, and equitable manner if land acquisition is through negotiated settlement to ensure that those people who enter into negotiated settlements will maintain the same or better income and livelihood status. (x) Provide compensation and resettlement assistance prior to taking possession of the acquired lands and properties. (xi) Establish grievance redress mechanisms to ensure speedy resolution of disputes. (xii) Ensure adequate budgetary support to cover implementation costs for CPTD. (xiii) Monitoring of the implementation of CPTD.

87. Additionally, the issues related to the Right of Way (RoW) for the transmission lines will be dealt with proper care especially for the temporary loss. For the loss of crops and trees due to construction of overhead lines, cash compensation payable by cheque/through online transfer will be provided during construction works. Further, cash compensation (by cheque/ online transfer) to the APs for the temporary loss of crop and loss of trees, if occurred, during the time of maintenance and repair. 3.6 Cut-off- Date

88. The impacts are temporary in nature in terms of loss of crops/tree etc., which will occur during the construction. The compensation will be paid parallely with construction activities of transmission lines as per assessment of actual damage. A prior notice is served after the detailed/check survey and finalization of tower location during the construction to the land owners informing that the proposed transmission line is being routed through the property of the individual. The notice shall contain the particulars of the land, ownership details and the details of the trees/crops inevitability to be damaged during the course of the construction of the proposed transmission line and acknowledgement received from land owner. This serves as a record for identifying the actual APs and the date of issuance of this notice can be treated as cut-off-date for identification and assessment of damages.

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IV. PROJECT IMPACTS

4.1. General

89. The project does not require any private land acquisition for construction of transmission lines under the proposed ADB financing components. Therefore, no physical displacement is foreseen in the project. However, there are some social impacts due to construction of lines/placing of towers which are temporary in nature in terms of loss of standing crops/treesin the RoW. Preliminary investigation/survey has been carried out for transmission line to estimate/arrive at the selection of one best feasible alignment route out of at least 3 alternative alignments studied, for detailed survey to be undertaken during execution of main contracts.Therefore, the CPTD remains as draft, as actual temporary impacts shall be known only during implementation which will be based on the detailed design and final survey once the construction contractor is mobilized for implementation. The details of land use have been gathered to have an idea about the temporary damages that might occur during construction of the transmission lines. The corridor of width (Right of Way) required for 400kV D/C transmission line is 46 meter.

90. Soil & Surface Geology: In plain areas impact on soil & geology will be almost negligible as the excavated pit material is stacked properly and back filled as well as used for resurfacing the area. On hill slopes where soil is disturbed will be prone to erosion is suitably protected by revetment, breast walls, and proper drainage. Besides extensive leg /chimney extension shall be used to avoid benching or cutting of slopes to minimize the impact on slope stability.

91. The land requirement for erection of tower legs is very small i.e. for each leg of tower actual constructionis done ona small square area with side length ranging from 0.20 to 0.49 meter depending on the types of tower. Four such square pieces of land will be required to place the legs of tower. The area that becomes unavailable because of the erection of tower legs for an average 400KV D/c transmission tower ranges from 1.0sq.m. of land. Thus, the actual impact is restricted to 4 legs of the tower and agriculture can continue as clearly depicted in the Figure-4.1.As already explained, land for tower and right of way is not acquired as per existing law and agricultural activities are allowed to continue after construction activity. Due diligence confirms that land is either agricultural or barren and current land use is not altered and resumed after construction.However, as per the provisions of guidelines issued in October, 2015 by the Ministry of Power, RoW compensation @ 85% land value for tower base & @15% of land value (maximum) for width of RoW corridor to all affected farmers/land owners is proposed in addition to normal crop and tree damages subject to adoption of these guidelines by respective States.

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Figure-4.1: Typical Plan of Transmission Line Tower Footing

X

a

a

T

R

A N

S

M

I Y S S I

O

N

L I N

E

ACTUAL POSITION ON GROUND

INDICATIVE MEASURES

X & Y = 5-10 METERS

a = 200- 300 mm

.

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92. Crops: Construction of line in crop season is avoided as far as possible. In case when installation of towers impacts on agricultural activity, detailed assessment/survey is conducted looking at existing crops, general crop patterns, seasonal particulars, nature and extent of yield. This data is compiled and analysed to study the extent and nature of impact. The compensation is in terms of yield/hectare and rate/quantity for prevailing crops in the area. Based on this, total compensation is calculated in consultation with revenue authorities. Compensation is paid to the owners and their acknowledgement obtained.

93. Trees: Construction of line in fruit bearing season is avoided as far as possible. Tree compensation is calculated on the basis of tree enumerated, type of species and an estimate of the yield (8 years for fruit bearing tree). Market rates of compensation are assessed by the relevant government authorities (Forest Dept. for timber yielding trees /Horticulture Dept. fruit bearing trees) The total estimate is submitted for approval of the competent authority. Payments are made to owners in the presence of local revenue authorities or Village head/ Sarpanch and respective acknowledgements are obtained.

94. Other Damages: Like bunds, water bodies, fish ponds, approach paths, drainage and irrigation canals etc. are at best avoided. However, if damaged the Revenue Department assess the cost of damage as per State Govt. norms. The total estimate is submitted for approval to the competent authority. Payments are made to owners in the presence of local revenue authorities or Village head/ Sarpanch and respective acknowledgements are obtained. Compensation is also paid towards hindrances to power, telecom carrier & communication lines etc. as per Govt. norms.

4.2. Impact due to construction Substationaugmentation/line bay extension

95. The project components also consist of extension/augmentation work within existing substations at Tumkur (Pavagada) Pooling station, Tumkur (Vasantnarsapur) &Devanahally (KPTCL). There will be no impact related to land acquisition or involuntary resettlement due the augmentation works as the work will be done within the above existing substations and the land belongs to POWERGRID/KPTCL. Since no fresh land acquisition is involved, R&R will not be an issue in the instant project. Moreover, the existinglands are not subject to claims/disputes, and are not used by encroachers and squatters. Details of substation augmentation under ADB funding are given in Table 4.1:

Table 4.1: Details on Substation Bay Extension

Project Components Permanent Temporary Impact Remarks Impact (Land Impact on loss on Loss Acquisition) of crops of Trees Augmentation of 2x500 Nil Nil Nil POWERGRID MVA, 400/220KV land transformer, 1x125MVAR

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Bus reactor (2nd) &2 nos. line bay at Tumkur (Pavagada) Pooling station Third 400/220 kV, 1x500 Nil Nil Nil POWERGRID MVA transformer at land Tumkur(Vasantnarsapur) 2 nos. of 400kV line bay Nil Nil Nil KPTCL land at Devanahally (KPTCL) substation

4.3. Temporary Impacts caused due to Transmission Line (Right of Way)

96. Following section describes the temporary impacts in terms of loss of crops and also other impact such as loss of trees and small structures etc. This is based on the preliminary route survey assessment and some assumptions.

4.3.1. Type and Use of Land within Corridor of Right of Way

97. The line corridor will pass through mixed land uses which are generally agricultural land, private plantation, reverine feature and barren unused land etc. The calculations are based on preliminary investigation/ survey carried out along the route of transmission lines and is based on the total line length of the line and its right of way12. The total line length under the assessment is 359 kilometers(km) which will impact an estimated of 1651.4 hectares (ha) of land. This includes 261 km of line passing through agricultural land (1200.6 ha. of agricultural land), 33 km of private plantation (151.8 ha of private plantation land), 5 km of reverine feature (23 ha of reverine land) and 60km of barren/unused land (276ha of barren/unused land). A brief description about the type and use of land in the corridor is given in Table 4.2.

Table 4.2:Type and Use of Land within Corridor of RoW (in km/Hectare)

Name of the RoW Width Agricultural Private Reverine Barren/ Forest Total Line (in meter) land Plantation feature unused Hiriyur – Mysore 46 160 km/ 25 km/ Nil 1 km/ 20 km/ 206 km/ 400 kV D/c (736 ha) (115 ha) (4.6 ha) (92 ha) (947.6 ha)

Tumkur - 46 101 km/ 8 km/ Nil 4 km/ 40 km/ 153 km/ Devanahally (464.6 ha) (36.8 ha) (18.4 ha) (184 (703.8 ha) 400kV D/c (Quad) ha) Total 261 km/ 33 km/ Nil 5 km/ 60 km/ 359 km/ (1200.6 ha) (151.8 ha) (23.0 ha) (276.0 ha) (1651.4 ha) Source: Preliminary Survey

12 Total Line Length (kilometers) X Right of Way (meters)X1000/ 10,000= Area in Hectare

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4.3.2 Affected Land area or Actual impact on Crop and others

98. For the temporary loss of crops, only agricultural land and private plantation land are considered for estimation. The damages are not done in complete RoW (46 m for 400 kV D/c) but mostly restricted to tip to tip of the conductor and tower base area where average affected width/corridor would be limited to 40 meter (maximum). As per POWERGRID's strategy and practices all out efforts are made to reduce the damages to crops and to minimize the impact whatsoever. One of the reasons is POWERGRID schedules its construction activities in lean season or post-harvest periods. Previous projects executions show only 45% crop damages on an average even within the area of width 40 meter. For the purpose of calculation of loss of crops and others (impact), average 40 meter width has been considered for the lines though on higher side. As the assets of any sorts will not be acquired but during construction, only temporary damages will occur for which the compensation shall be paid to affected persons as per entitlement matrix. Based on this, actual impacted area for crops and others damage would be restricted to 40 meter maximum width in the corridor of agricultural land and private plantations which work to be 1,176 Ha. (294 km x 40 meter =1176 ha.). Brief description about the type of land in 40 meter corridor (width) of above transmission line is given in Table 4.3:

Table 4.3: Estimation of Land area for Crop Damage due to Overhead Lines

Name of the line Width Total Total Total Line Total Land Area Considered for Agricultur Private Length considered for Estimation of al Land Plantation Considered for Crop Loss of Crops (km) (km) Crop Compensation and other Compensation (ha.) impacts (Meter) (km) Hiriyur – Mysore 40 160 25 185 740 400 kV D/c Tumkur - 40 101 8 109 436 Devanahally 400kV D/c (Quad) Total 261 33 294 1,176 Source: Preliminary Survey

4.3.3 Loss of Crops due to Transmission Towers

99. During tower foundation, additional area adjoining the actual foundation area will be affected. For estimation purpose, additional area of 2,000 sq.m. [(60mX60m)-(40mX40m)] per tower has been considered. Additionally, 198 ha of land are estimated for crop compensation due to placing of 990 tower footings. Details are given in Table 4.4:

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Table 4.4: Loss of Crop area estimated for Tower Footings Name of the Line No of Towers Area Affected (Ha) Hiriyur – Mysore 400 kV D/c 559 111.8 Tumkur - Devanahally 400kV D/c (Quad) 431 86.2 Total 990 198 Source: Preliminary Survey

4.3.4 Total loss of Crop area (RoW Corridor and Towers) 100. Based on the above estimation, the total land considered for crop compensation for transmission line corridor and tower foundation is [294 km x 40 meter = 1176 Ha + 198 Ha for tower foundation] = 1,374 ha.. As the assets of any sorts will not be acquired but for temporary damage to crops/trees or any other structures, adequate compensation as per norms shall be paid to all affected APs. During construction, only temporary damages will occur for which the compensation shall be paid as per relevant norms. For total towers, (990 nos.), temporary damages during tower foundation shall be 198 ha. After construction, the total land loss estimated to be about 0.0990 ha which is 0.050% of the temporary damage13 area and the land owners have balance land in other areas also. Thus productive loss due to construction is negligible. However, compensation plan for APs towards temporary damages shall be required which is a part of this CPTD. Details are given in Table 4.5. Table 4.5: Total loss of Crop Area (Corridor RoW and Towers)

Name of the Line Length of Line Area in Hectare Number Area in Total Crop for Crop for crop of Towers Hectare for Area Compensation compensation for Crop loss of crop (Corridor+T for Corridor for Corridor Loss for Towers ower) in hectare Hiriyur – Mysore 185 740 559 111.8 851.8 400 kV D/c Tumkur- 109 436 431 86.2 522.2 Devanahally 400kV D/c (Quad) Total 294 1,176 990 198 1,374 Source: Preliminary Survey

4.3.5 Loss of Trees 101. Total numbers of trees likely to be affected due to construction of 359 km transmission line is approximately55,300 out of which 54,500 are private trees and 800 are government owned trees. During construction, private trees will be compensated as per

13 Total Number of Tower= 990 Total estimated tower Area= 198 hectare Actual impact after construction per Tower= 0.0001 hectare Actual impact after construction for all Tower= 0.0990 Percentage of actual loss after construction compared to the estimated loss= 0.050%

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the entitlement matrix. The major species to be affected are Neem(Azadirachtaindica), Jackfruit (Artocarpusheterophyllus), Mango (Mangiferaindica), Coconut (Cocos nucifera), Tamarind(Tamarindusindica) &Arecanut (Areca catechu) etc.. Details on number of trees for each line are given in Table 4.6:

Table 4.6: Loss of Trees

Name of the Line Trees in Private Trees in Govt. Total Area (Numbers) Area (Numbers) Trees (Numbers) Hiriyur – Mysore 400 kV D/c 35,800 0 35,800 Tumkur - Devanahally 18,700 800 19,500 400kV D/c (Quad) Total 54,500 800 55,300 Source: Preliminary Survey

4.3.6 Loss of Other Assets (Small Shed in Agriculture Fields) 102. It has been observed during preliminary survey that approximately 18 numbers of small structures exist along the right of way of the two lines. These are small storage sheds whichis mostly temporary structure associated with the agricultural fields. People do not use these small sheds/structures for residential purpose and they use it as storage of agricultural purpose only. During construction, these will be compensated in cash as per the entitlement matrix. Details on impacts on small structures are given in Table 4.7.

Table 4.7: Loss of Other Assets

Name of the Line Total Number of storage sheds/structures Hiriyur – Mysore 400 kV D/c 13 Tumkur - Devanahally 400kV D/c (Quad) 05 Total 18 Source: Preliminary Survey

4.4 Details of Affected Persons

103. As per preliminary survey/ investigation, It is estimated that, total number of affected persons which may be impacted temporarily will be approximately1,902. Details are given in Table 4.8. The number of APs in the table refers to the most conservative option. POWERGRID will schedule civil works in such a way to minimize impacts and substantially reduce the damages to crops and therefore the number of affected persons and Agricultural Households (AHH).

Table 4.8: Number of Affected Persons

Name of the Line Total APs Hiriyur – Mysore 400 kV D/c 1,118 Tumkur - Devanahally 400kV D/c (Quad) 784 Total 1,902

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Source: Preliminary Survey 4.5. Other Damages

104. As far as possible damages to bunds, water bodies, fish ponds, approach paths, drainage and irrigation canals etc. are avoided. However, if damaged during construction activities, compensation as per practice is paid after assessment of the cost of damage by the State Govt. Revenue Department. The total estimate is submitted for approval to the competent authority. POWERGRID shall pay compensation to owners in the presence of local revenue authorities or Village head/ Sarpanch and respective acknowledgements are obtained. Any hindrances to power, telecom carrier & communication lines etc. shall also be paid as per Govt. norms.

4.6. Impact on Indigenous People

105. Government of India, under Article 342 of the Constitution, considers the following characteristics to define indigenous peoples [Scheduled Tribes (ST)]:

(i) tribes‟ primitive traits; (ii) distinctive culture; (iii) shyness with the public at large; (iv) geographical isolation; and (v) social and economic backwardness before notifying them as a Scheduled Tribe.

106. Essentially, indigenous people have a social and cultural identity distinct from the „mainstream‟ society that makes them vulnerable to being overlooked or marginalized in the development processes. STs, who have no modern means of subsistence, with distinctive culture and are characterized by socio-economic backwardness, could be identified as Indigenous Peoples. Indigenous people are also characterized by cultural continuity. Constitution of India identifies schedule areas which are predominately inhabited by such people. The proposed transmission lines passing through various districts of Karnataka& Andhra Pradeshwhich have no schedule tribes as such. Hence, no indigenous population is envisaged in the project area.

107. Government of India has notified scheduled area to safeguard the interests of indigenous people. Constitution bestows special power to governor, for validating laws, to be implemented in scheduled V areas. Similarly, autonomous councils have been constituted to safeguard interests of indigenous people in Scheduled VI areas. Laws such as Panchayats (Extension to Scheduled Areas) (PESA) Act, 1996, extends the vision of self-governance (as enshrined in Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP) given in constitution), to the schedule V areas. Several other safeguards are in place to counter the vulnerability imposed upon indigenous people because of their origin and socio economic background. The proposed transmission lines passing through various districts of

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Karnataka & Andhra Pradesh. It may be noted that there is no notified schedule area in Karnataka State whereas Anantapur district of Andhra Pradesh is also not covered under schedule area of the State. Hence, any possibility of indigenous population getting impacted due to project intervention is not envisaged.

4.7. Summary of Impacts

108. Based on the above assessment, the temporary impacts on loss of crops, trees, other structures and number of APs etc. are summarized below in Table 4.9.

Table 4.9: Summary of Impacts

Particulars Details Line Length (km) 359 Number of Towers 990 Total Area under RoW (ha.) 1,374 Total Aps (Nos.) 1,902 Affected Structures (Small Sheds for agricultural purpose) (Nos.) 18 Area of Temporary Damages (ha.) for crop compensation 1,176 Total Trees (Nos.) (Private + Govt.) 55, 300 (54, 500 + 800) Source: Preliminary Survey

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V. ENTITLEMENTS ASSISTANCE AND BENEFITS

5.1. Entitlements

109. In the instant project, there is no involuntary acquisition of land involved and only temporary damage will occur during construction of transmission lines for which compensation is paid as per relevant regulations/norms. Compensation towards temporary damages to all eligible APs including non-title holders is paid after assessment by relevant authorities of State Govt. APs will be entitled for compensation for diminution land value and other towards temporary damages to crops/trees/structures etc. as per the Entitlement Matrix given in Table 5.1.

110. All APs are paid compensation for actual damages irrespective of their religion, caste and their economic status. As an additional assistance, construction contractors are encouraged to hire local labour that has the necessary skills.

5.2. Entitlement Matrix

111. An Entitlement Matrix for the subprojects is given in Table 5.1.

Table 5.1: Entitlement Matrix

S. Type of Issue/ Beneficiary Entitlement Options N Impact 1. Loss of crops and Title Holder Compensation at market rate for crops and 8 trees years income for fruit bearing trees. APs will be given advance notice to harvest their crops. Timber will be retained by the owner. 2. Loss of crops and Tenant/ Only the cultivator15 will get compensation at trees sharecroppe market rate for crops and 8 years income for r/leaseholder fruit bearing trees. APs will be given advance 14 notice to harvest their crops. 3. Other damages Replacement cost as assessed by the All APs16 (if applicable) concerned authority. 4. Loss of structure a) House (i) Loss /Removal of Titleholders/ Cash compensation at replacement cost House Non- (without deduction for salvaged material) plus titleholders Rs. 25,000/- assistance (based on prevailing GoI norms for weaker section housing) for construction of house plus transition benefits

14 This may include non-titled APs 15 POWERGRID will explain to AP tenant/sharecropper/leaseholder that the compensation will be provided to the cultivator and the sharing arrangements will have to be determined among themselves 16 Titled and Non-titled

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S. Type of Issue/ Beneficiary Entitlement Options N Impact as per category-5 below. b) Shop/ Institutions (i) Loss /Removal of Titleholders/ Cash compensation plus Rs. 10,000/- for House Non- construction of working shed/shop plus titleholders rehabilitation assistance equivalent to 1 year income plus transition benefits as per category-5 below. 5. Losses during Family/unit Provision of transport or equivalent cash for transition of shifting of material/ cattle from existing place displaced persons/ to alternate place. establishments/ Shifting / Transport 6 Impacts on Vulnerable One time lump sum assistance to vulnerable vulnerable APs APs17 households on recommendation of State Authority. This will be paid over and above other assistance. Vulnerable APs to get priority under Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) activities. 7 Land area below Owner 85% of land cost as decided by District tower base Magistrate (#) 8 Land coming in Owner 15% of land cost as decided by District corridor of width of Magistrate (#) Right of Way (#)As per MoP guidelines Oct’2015 for payment of compensation toward damages in respect to RoW of transmission line. * Assistance/help of Forest department for timber yielding trees and Horticulture department for fruit bearing trees shall be taken for assessing the true value.

5.3. Procedure of Tree/crop compensation

112. In exercise of the powers conferred by section 164 of the Electricity Act, 2003, Ministry of Power vide Gazette notification dated 24th Dec, 2003 has authorized POWEGRID to exercise all the power vested in the Telegraph Authority under part-III of the Indian Telegraph Act, 1885, to place and maintain transmission lines under over along or across and posts in or upon, any immoveable property. The provisions of same act in Section 10 (d) stipulates that the user agency shall pay full compensation to all interested for any damages sustained during the execution of said work. Accordingly, POWERGRID pays compensation to land owners towards damages, if any, for tree, crop etc. during implementation of project as well as during operation and maintenance phase. The procedure followed for such compensation is as follows:

17 Vulnerable APs include scheduled tribes/ scheduled caste/ households headed by women/ physically handicapped/ disabled families, etc. as certified by local authority. .

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113. POWERGRID follows the principle of Avoidance, Minimization and Mitigation in the construction of line in agricultural field having crop due to inherent flexibility in phasing the construction activity and tries to defer construction in cropped area to facilitate crop harvesting. However, if it is unavoidable and is likely to affect project schedule, compensation is given at market rate for standing crops. All efforts are also taken to minimize the crop damage to the extent possible in such cases.

114. As regards trees coming in the Right of Way (RoW) following procedure is adopted for enumeration:

 All the trees which are coming within the clearance belt of ROW on either side of the center line are identified and marked/numbered from one AP to the other and documented;  Type, Girth (Measured 1 m. above ground level), approximate height of the tree is also noted for each tree;  Trees belonging to Govt., Forest, Highways and other local bodies may be separately noted down or timely follow up with the concerned authorities for inspection and removal;  Guava, Lemon, and other hybrid trees which are not of tall growing nature are not marked for cutting since these trees can be crossed using standard tower extensions, if required.

115. A prior notice is served to the land owners informing that the proposed transmission line is being routed through the property of the individual. The notice shall contain the particulars of the land, ownership details and the details of the trees/crops inevitability likely to be damaged during the course of the construction of the proposed transmission line and acknowledgement received from land owner. A copy of said notice is further issued to the Revenue Officer, who has been authorized by the State Govt. for the purpose of assessment/valuation and disbursement of compensation to the affected parties.

116. The revenue officer shall further issue a notice of intimation to the concerned land owner and inspect the site to verify the documents related to the proof of ownership and a detailed Mahazar is prepared for the identified trees and crops inevitability damaged during the course of the construction. For assessing the true value of timber yielding trees, help of forest officials is taken and for fruit bearing trees, help of Horticulture department is taken.

117. The Mahazars shall contain the land owner details type of tree/crop, its present age, variety, yielding pattern etc. and the same is prepared at site in the presence of the land owner. These Mahazar are further compiled and a random verification is conducted by the concerned District Collector or his authorized representative in order to ascertain the assessment carried out by the revenue office is genuine and correct. After this process the

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District collector issues a tree cutting permit to POWERGRID to enable removal / damage to the standing tree/crop identified in the line corridor.

118. Once the tree/crop is removed/damaged, POWERGRID shall issue a tree cutting/crop damaged notice to the land owner with a copy to the Revenue Officer to process the compensation payment. Based on the above the compensation payment is prepared for this purpose. The detailed valuation statement is verified at various levels and approval of payment of compensation is accorded by the concerned District Collectors.The land requirement for erection of tower legs is very small i.e. for each leg of tower actual constructionis done on a small square area with side length ranging from 0.20 to 0.49 meter depending on the types of tower. Four such square pieces of land will be required to place the legs of tower. The area that becomes unavailable because of the erection of tower legs for an average 400KV D/c transmission tower ranges from 1.0 sq.m. of land.This impact on agriculture land is negligible. However, while assessing the compensation for damages, POWERGRID considers larger area during calculation of damages (approximately 60 x 60 m= 3600 sq.m.) compared to an actual area of about (40 x 40 m=1600 sq.m.) which allows for a buffer. Thus payment for buffer portion adequately compensates the permanent inability to crop the small areas of land occupied by the tower footings, which is also explained to affected persons during consultation/measurement survey. A sample proforma for compensation is enclosed as Annexure-5.

119. On approval of compensation, the revenue officer shall further intimate the amount payable to the different land owners and POWERGRID arranges the payment by way of cheque/online transfer to the affected parties. The payment is further disbursed at the local village office after due verification of the documents in presence of other witnesses. Process of tree/crop compensation is depicted in Figure-5.1.

120. For other damages such as damage to bunds, water bodies, fish ponds, approach paths, drainage and irrigation canals etc., State Govt. Revenue Department assess the cost of damage. The total estimate is submitted for approval to the competent authority. Payments are made to owners in the presence of local revenue authorities or Village head/ Sarpanch and respective acknowledgements are obtained and POWERGRID pays the compensation. Further any hindrances to power, telecom carrier & communication lines etc. shall also be paid as per Govt. norms.

5.4. Compensation for Structure

121. No physical displacement is envisaged in the proposed project. Displacement of structures is normally not envisaged due to flexibility of routing of transmission/distribution line. However, whenever it is necessary, compensation for structures as per entitlement matrix shall be provided (refer Table- 5.1). In the instant case, 18 numbers of small structures likely to be encountered in the right of way of proposed transmission lines.

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These are small sheds/small storage which are associated with the agricultural fields. People do not use these small structures/sheds for residential purpose. A notice for damage is issued to APs and the joint measurement by POWERGRID and APs will be done and verified by revenue official for actual damages. The compensation will be paid to the APs as decided by committee based on State government norms. Hence, compensation is paid parallely with the construction activity of line.

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Figure-5.1: Tree / Crop Compensation Process

Walk over / preliminary survey of route alignment

Detailed / Check Survey of final route alignment to fix the angle point and tower spotting If the line passing through private cultivable areas. Issue of Notice under Indian Telegraph Act to the landowner

Preparation of assessment sheet by Revenue official at site in presence of land owner, POWERGRID and two witnesses.

Inspection / verification by DC or his authorized representative

Issue of tree cutting permit by DC

Cutting of trees by POWERGRID and issue of cutting certificate to land owner and revenue official by POWERGRID Grievance Procedure Association of AP may represent if Forest / Horticulture Deptt.for not satisfied with Preparation of checklist and assessment to assessment of valuation statement by revenue value of timber and revenue or to DC for official revision/review. fruit bearing trees respectively.

If he/she is still not Approval of valuation statement satisfied may move by DC to court.

Disbursement of compensation to Local affected farmers and acknowledgement

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VI. INFORMATION DISCLOSURE, CONSULTATION &PARTICIPATION

6.1. Consultations

122. Public consultation/information is an integral part of the POWERGRID project cycle. POWERGRID follows a well-defined procedure for conducting public consultation involving different techniques as laid down in its ESPP, which is also approved by The World Bank under the Use of Country System (UCS). There are 10 different techniques which are used either independently or in combination appropriately at different milestones of the project depending on field conditions. The location for public meeting is usually selected at every 50-100 km involving major villages/habitated area en-route of line. However, in other villages/parts, informal group meetings or other techniques are applied for consultation. The consultation and feedback process is a continuous one and implemented regularly at different milestone of project cycle.

123. The process of consultation and information dissemination begins even before the start of work as POWERGRID informs the general public by publishing in 2 (Two) local newspapers in vernacular language on implementation of project indicating the route of final alignment with name of the town /villages its passing. During survey also POWERGRID site officials meet people and inform them about the routing of transmission lines. During construction, every individual, on whose land line is constructed and people affected by RoW, are consulted. Apart from this, Public consultation using different technique like Public Meeting, Small Group Meeting, Informal Meeting shall also be carried out during different activities of project cycle. During such consultation the public are informed about the project in general and in particular about the following:

 Complete project plan (i.e. its route and terminating point and substations, if any, in between);  Design standards in relation to approved international standards;  Health impacts in relation to EMF;  Measures taken to avoid public utilities such as school, hospitals, etc.;  Other impacts associated with transmission lines and POWERGRID approach to minimizing and solving them;  Trees and crop compensation process.

124. In the instant project also, many group meetings were organized (informally and formally) in all villages where the interventions are likely to happen. Such consultation culminated in public meeting organized at different locations as provided in Table- 4.1. These meetings were attended by Village panchayat president & members, Senior/respected person of village, affected persons, interested villagers/ general public.To

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ensure maximum participation, prior intimation in local language was given and such notices were also displayed at prominent places/panchayat office etc. Details of above public consultation meetings including minutes of meeting, list of participants and photographs are enclosed asAnnexure - 6.

Table 6.1 Details of Consultations

Date of Venue of Meeting No. of Persons Attended meeting villagers attended 15.03.2017 Village- Muddanahalli 54 Village panchayat president & District- Hassan, members, affected persons State- Karnataka interested villagers/ general public. 01.07.2016 Village-Kyataganacherlu 56 Village panchayat members, District- Tumkur affected persons interested State- Karnataka villagers/ general public.

125. During consultations/interaction processes with people of the localized areas, POWERGRID field staffs explained benefit of the project, impacts of transmission line, payment of compensation for damaged of crops, trees and structures etc. as per Indian Electricity Act, 2003 and Telegraph Act, 1885 and measures to avoid public utilities such as schools, hospital etc. People more or less welcomed the construction of the proposed project. Likely affected people (APs) requested for timely payment of compensation towards crops etc. if damaged during construction activities at the market rate.

126. Various issues inter alia raised by the people during public consultation and informal group meetings are as follows;

 Potential job opportunities die to the Project  Provision for compensation for damages caused by project;  Health & safety;  Impact on ground water;  Diminution of land value;  Improvement of Power availability of the area.

127. POWERGRID field staff explained above questions as follows:

 POWERGRID cannot provide employment to the villagers directly however there is scope for petty contracts like providing vehicles, housekeeping, gardening, etc. in our projects where preference will be given to project affected people during construction and also post construction.  Tree / crop compensation would be paid as per the rates fixed / determined by the revenue / forest / horticulture department officials of the state. As per the provisions

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of Indian Telegraph Act, POWERGRID only has user rights on the land and the land owners can continue their cultivation as usual below the line.  There is no recorded evidence on health impact due to transmission lines, either in humans or animals  As a part of the Corporate Social Responsibility, POWERGRID would take up developmental activities in the villages along the routes of transmission line, after identifying the requirements of the village through a need based baseline survey. Groundwater will not be affected by transmission line projects.  POWERGRID will follow the guidelines of Ministry of Power in paying the land cost for the tower footing area and Right of Way (Corridor). These rates are determined by State Govt.(District Magistrate) as per guideline value/circle rate etc. restricted to 85% of the land value for tower foot area and maximum 15% of the land value for the RoW.  POWERGRID can only transmit power to the States and distribution to the household /village level is the responsibility of the State Utilities. However, implementation of these lineswill contribute to the development of power situation of the region.

128. POWERGRID representative replied their queries were replied to satisfaction and it was assured that compensation would be paid in time after Revenue department fixed/award the amount.

6.2. Plan for further Consultation and Community Participation during Project Implementation

129. The process of such consultation to be continued during project implementation and even during O&M stage. The progress and proposed plan for Public consultation is described in Table 6.2 Table 6.2: Plan for Future Consultations

S.N. Activity Technique Schedule 1. Detailed/ Formal/Informal Meeting at different Public meeting during Check survey places (20-50 Km) en-route final pre- construction stage route alignment of line 2. Construction Localized group meeting, During entire Phase Pamphlet/Information brochures, construction period. Public display etc. 3. O&M Phase Information brochures, Operating field Continuous process as offices, Response to public enquiries, and when required. Press release etc.

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6.3. Information Disclosure

130. The draft/summary CPTD will be disclosed to the affected households and other stakeholders by placing it on website. POWERGRID site officials visit construction sites frequently during construction and meet with APs and discuss about norms and practices of damages and compensation to be paid for them. A notice is also issued to APs after the detailed/ check survey and finalization of tower location during the construction. Affected persons also visit site/construction offices of POWERGRID to know about the compensation norms and policies and to discuss their grievances. The executive summary of the CPTD and Entitlement Matrix will also be made available to public through POWERGRID‟s construction offices/ sites in local language (i.e. Kannada&Telegu). The collection of comments will take place after one month of the disclosure of the CPTD, followed by the compilation of the comments and responses received. Subsequently, POWERGRID will organize further public consultation meetings with the stakeholders to share the views of public on the Plan for all possible clarifications. Any feasiblefeedback from the consultation will be reviewed and incorporated in the revised and final CPTD. The consultation process will continue throughout the project implementation period. POWERGRID will disclose revisions of the CPTD and updates if any, on its website and provide relevant information of monitoring reports to affected people and other stakeholders. This is to be done in a timely manner and in English and local language (i.e. Kannada/Telegu).

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VII. INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS

7.1 General

131. POWERGRID will be the Implementing Agency (IA) for the Project. The implementation and monitoring are critical activities shall be followed as per Implementation Chart/Schedule. Monitoring is a continuous process for POWERGRID projects at all the stages are it the site selection, construction or maintenance. The success of POWERGRID lies in its strong monitoring systems. Apart from the site managers reviewing the progress on daily basis regular project review meetings are held at least on monthly basis which is chaired by Executive Director of the region wherein apart from construction issues the environmental aspects of the projects are discussed and remedial measures taken wherever required. The exceptions of these meetings are submitted to the Directors and Chairman & Managing Director of the Corporation. The progress of various on-going projects is also informed to the Board of Directors. Following is the organization support system for proper implementation and monitoring of Environmental & Social Management Plan:

7.2 Various Levels

7.2.1. Corporate Level

132. An Environmental Management Cell at corporate level was created within POWERGRID in 1992 and subsequently upgraded to an Environment Management Department (EMD) in 1993 and in 1997 it has been further upgraded to Environment & Social Management Deptt. (ESMD) by incorporating social aspect of project. Briefly, the ESMD‟s responsibilities are as follows:

 Advising and coordinating RHQs and Site to carry out environmental and social surveys for new projects;  Assisting RHQs and site to finalize routes of entire power transmission line considering environmental and social factors that could arise en-route;  Help RHQs and Site to follow-up with the state forest offices and other state departments in expediting forest clearances and the land acquisition process of various ongoing and new projects;  Act as a focal point for interaction with the MoEF&CC for expediting forest clearances and follow-ups with the Ministry of Power;  Imparts training to POWERGRID‟s Regional Head Quarters (RHQs) & Site Officials on environment and social issues and their management plan.

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7.2.2. Regional Level

133. At its Regional Office, POWERGRID has an Environmental and Social Management cell (ESMC) to manage Environmental and Social issues and to coordinate between ESMD at the Corporate level and the Construction Area Office (CAO) of site. The key functions envisaged for ESMC are:

 Advising and coordinating field offices to carry out environmental and social surveys for new projects envisaged in the Corporate Investment Plan;  Assisting the ESMD and CAOs to finalize routes of entire power transmission lines considering the environmental and social factors that could arise en-route;  To follow-up forest clearances and land acquisition processes with state forest offices and other state departments for various ongoing and new projects;  Acting as a focal point for interaction with the ESMD and CAOs on various environmental and social aspects.

7.2.3. Site Office

134. At the Construction Area Office (CAO) level, POWERGRID has made the head of the site responsible for implementing the environmental and social aspects of project and is also head of Environmental and Social Management Team (ESMT) at site. Key functions of the ESMT are:

 Conduct surveys on environmental and social aspects to finalize the route for the power transmission projects  Conduct surveys & Interact with Revenue Authorities for land acquisition.  Interact with the Forest Departments to make the forest proposal and follow it up for MoEF&CC clearance.  Implementation of Environment Management Plan (EMP)/CPTD  Monitoring of EMP/CPTD & producing periodic reports on the same.

7.3. Arrangement for CPTD Implementation

135. POWERGRID will implement the CPTD and will do the overall coordination, planning, implementation, financing and maintaining all databases, work closely with APs and other stakeholders. The database will be managed by POWERGRID through its Regional ESMC staffs by collecting input from the field staffs which may be monitored/audit by the external monitoring agency, if required. POWERGRID will ensure that local governments are involved in the plans implementation to facilitate settlement of compensation related activities in timely manner. Based on regularly updated social assessment & compensation data, a central database will also be maintained by POWERGRID. Roles and responsibilities of various agencies for CPTD implementation are presented in Table 7.1.

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Table 7.1: Agencies Responsible for CPTD Implementation

Activity Agency Responsible Implementing CPTD Field staffs, POWERGRID Updating the CPTD ESMC (RHQ), POWERGRID Review and Approval of CPTD POWERGRID Verification survey for identification of APs POWERGRID field staffs & Revenue officials Survey for identification of plots for POWERGRID & Revenue officials Crop/Tree/ other damages Compensation Consultation and disclosure of CPTD to APs POWERGRID & Revenue officials Compensation award and payment of Revenue Deptt. / Competent Authority compensation Fixing of replace cost and assistance Revenue Deptt. / Competent Authority Payment of replacement cost compensation POWERGRID Takeover temporary possession of POWERGRID and Revenue Department land/houses Hand over temporary possession land to POWERGRID contractors for construction Notify construction starting date to APs POWERGRID field staffs Restoration of temporarily acquired land to Contractors subject to monitoring by its original state including restoration of POWERGRID private or common property resources Development, maintenance and updating of POWERGRID Compensation database Development, maintenance and updating of POWERGRID central database Internal monitoring POWERGRID External monitoring, if required External Monitoring Agency

7.4. Staff Training on Environment and Social Issues

136. Environment and Social Management Department (ESMD) in association with HRD organizes training program on Environment and Social Management (E & S M) including Sustainability, Corporate Social Responsibility, ISO-14001 requirements. During FY 2015- 16 and FY 2016-17, POWERGRID have been imparted training of 512 & 751 mandays respectively on E & S aspects. Selected officials have also been attended The World Bank sponsored training program on R&R at different places like Hyderabad, Bangalore and Udaipur. Officials have also attended safeguard training programme organized by ADB. Executives at ground levels have shown remarkable improvement in appreciating/ dealing with these issues. Apart from these, dedicated program in all other technical training program one slot is invariably provided particularly for Environmental & Social issues and it‟s Management.

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VIII. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM

137. Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) is an integral and important mechanism for addressing/resolving the concern and grievances in a transparent and swift manner. Many minor concerns of peoples are addressed during public consultation process initiated at the beginning of the project. For handling grievance, Grievance Redress Committee (GRC) will be established at two places, one at the project/scheme level and another at Corporate/HQ level. The GRCs shall include members from POWERGRID, Local Administration, Panchayat Members, Affected Persons representative and reputed persons from the society on nomination basis under the chairmanship of project head. The composition of GRC shall be disclosed in Panchayat/Village council offices and concerned district headquarter for wider coverage.

138. The complainant will also be allowed to submit its complaint to local project official who will pass it to GRC immediately but not more than 5 days of receiving such complaint. The first meeting of GRC will be organized within 15 days of its constitution/disclosure to formulate procedure and frequency of meeting. In case of any complaint, GRC meeting shall be convened within 15 days. If Project level GRC not able to take decision it may refer the complaint to corporate GRC for solution. GRC endevour will be to pronounce its decision within 30-45 days of receiving grievances. In case complainant/appellant is not satisfied with the decision of project level GRC they can make an appeal to corporate GRC for review.

139. The corporate level GRC shall function under the chairmanship of Director (Project) who will nominate other members of GRC including one representative from Environment and Social Management Department (ESMD) who is conversant with the environment & social issues. The meeting of Corporate GRC shall be convened within 7-10 days of receiving the reference from Project level GRC or complainant directly and pronounce its decision within next 15 days.

140. Additionally, grievance redressal is in built in crop/tree compensation process where affected persons are given a chance to place their grievances after issuance of notice by revenue officials on the basis of assessment of actual damages. Grievances received towards compensation are generally addressed in open forum and in the presence of many witnesses. Process of spot verification and random checking by the district collector/ its authorised representative also provides forum for raising the grievance towards any irregularity/complain. Apart from this, POWERGRID officials also address to the complaints of affected farmers and the same are forwarded to revenue official for doing the needful. All efforts shall be made to redress/decision on the complaints within 30 to 45 days maximum. POWERGRID will develop, improve, and maintain recording and tracking systems for GRM as per the Action Plan for Safeguards. The proposed mechanism does not impede access to the country‟s judicial or administrative remedies. Details are depicted below inFigure-8.1.

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Figure-8.1: Grievance Redress Mechanism

Revenue Official APs satisfied, NOC Notice to APs by Assessment in presence of issued, Award & POWERGRID APs/ POWERGRID Field Process for payment Staff

Payment to APs

APs approach to DC hears DC inspects the If APs not satisfied POWERGRID as well site/ Spot as DC of the District grievance in verification forums

DC passes order as deemed fit

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IX. BUDGET

141. The CPTD Implementation cost estimate for the project includes eligible compensation for loss of crops/ trees/ sheds, diminution land value, support cost for implementation of CPTD, monitoring and other administrative cost etc. A budget provision has also been made for compensation for Tower Base (85% of the land cost) and RoW Corridor (15% of the land cost) as per MoP guidelines. Accordingly, the cost has been estimated in the budget by including these provisions. However, this is a tentative budget which may change during the original course of implementation. The unit cost for the loss of crop has been derived through rapid field appraisal and based on POWERGRID's previous experience of similar project implementation. Contingency provision equivalent to 3% of the total cost has also been made to accommodate any variations from this estimate. Sufficient Budget has been provided to cover all compensation towards crops losses, other damages etc. As per POWERGRID‟s previous projects and strategy for minimization of impacts, an average of 40-50% of the affected land area is expected for compensation for crops and other damages. Structure will be avoided to the extent possible. However, if any structure is affected, budget provisions are available to cover all damages as per entitlement matrix. In any case no residential structure shall be affected. Details of budget estimation is presented below;

9.1. Compensation for Crops and Trees

142. The crop compensation is calculated in consultation with revenue authorities in terms of yield/hectare and rate/quantity for prevailing crops in the area. Similarly, tree compensation is calculated on basis of tree enumeration, tree species and an estimate of the yield. In case of fruit bearing trees compensation will be calculated on the basis of 8 years yield (assessed by revenue/horticulture department). Market rates of compensation are assessed by the relevant government authorities. The estimation of crop and tree damages are based on preliminary investigation and accordingly budgetary provisions are made which will be updated during implementation. Details of line wise cost are given in Table 9.1 below.

Table 9.1: Cost of Compensation for Crops and Trees

Total Compensa Total compensation Sl Name of the Line Length tion /Km cost for Crops & N. (Km) (In Lakh) trees (Lakh) 1. Hiriyur – Mysore 400 kV D/c 206.0 5.0 1030.0 2. Tumkur - Devanahally 400kV D/c (Quad) 153.0 5.0 765.0 Total 1795.00

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9.2 Compensation for Land for Tower Base and RoW Corridor

143. The land area for tower base for 400 kV is estimated as 0.172 acre per km. Similarly, for RoW corridor the area is estimated 11.19 acre per km. However, the cost of land varies depending on land use type of the project area. In the instant project, land rate @ Rs. 15 lakh/acre for agriculture land in rural setting and @ Rs. 25 lakh/acre in Urban/Semi-urban areas near Cities/Towns has been considered for calculation of land compensation. Accordingly the cost of compensation for land for entire length is thus estimated as Rs. 794.91 Lakh for tower base and Rs. 9062.06 Lakh for RoW corridor. A detail of line wise cost is given below in Table 9.2.

Table 9.2: Cost of Land Compensation for Tower Base & RoW Corridor

Name of the line Line Nos. Total Total Land Compen Compen Total length of Land Area for sation for sation for Land (km) Tower Area for RoW Tower Corridor Compen Tower Corridor* base (In lakh) sation Base (acre) (acre ) (In lakh) (ln lakh) Compensation@ Rs.15 lakh/acre(Mostly agriculture land in rural setting) Hiriyur – Mysore 198.5 538 34.14 2362.15 435.28 5314.83 5750.11 400 kV D/c Tumkur - 103.0 291 17.71 1152.57 225.80 2593.28 2819.08 Devanahally 400kV D/c (Quad) Tumkur - 50 140 8.6 559.5 129.00 839.25 968.25 Devanahally 400kV D/c (Quad)** Compensation@ Rs.25 lakh/acre(Mostly Urban/Semi-urban areas near Cities/Towns) Hiriyur Mysore – 7.5 21 1.29 83.92 4.83 314.70 319.53 400 kV D/c Total 359 990 61.74 4158.14 794.91 9062.06 9856.97 *Effective RoW corridor has been considered after excluding tower base area ** Compensation calculated @ 100% of land cost for tower base and 10% for corridor d as per Govt. of AP notification dated 20.06.17 for line stretch in Andhra Pradesh

9.3. Summary of Budget

144. The total indicative cost is estimated to be INR 12048.80 lakh equivalent to USD 20.06 million. Details are given in Table 9.3. The following estimated budget is part of complete project cost as on date. However, actual updation of the estimated cost shall be

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updated during execution.

Table 9.3: Summary of Budget

Amount in Amount in Item Lakh (INR) (Million USD) A. Compensation A-1: Loss of Crops and Trees 1795.00 2.99 A-2: Land Compensation for Tower Base and RoW Corridor 9856.97 16.42 Sub Total-A 11651.97 19.41 B: Implementation Support Cost B-1: Man-power involved for CPTD Implem. & Monitoring 35.90 0.060 B-2: External Monitoring, if required 10.00 0.016 Sub Total- B 45.90 0.076 Total (A+B) 11697.87 19.48 Contingency (3%) 350.93 0.58 Grand Total 12048.80 20.06

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X. IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE

145. Assuming Award letter for execution of work to be placed in 3rd quarter of 2017, the following work schedule is drawn for implementation of CPTD. Tentative implementation schedule for project including various sub tasks presented in Table 10.1.

Table 10.1 Tentative Implementation Schedule

Sl. Activity 2017 2018 2019 No. Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1. Initial CPTD Matrix disclosure 2. Detailed Survey 3. Public Consultation 4. Compensation Plan Implementation i) Compilation of land record, ownership, ii) Finalization of list of APs, fixing rate by DC iii) Serving of Notice to APs iv) Joint assessment &acknowledgement by APs v) Validation of Compensation amount vi) Compensation Payment 5. Civil Works 6. Review/ Activity Monitoring i) Monthly ii) Quarterly iii) Half yearly iv) Annual 7. Grievance redress 8. CPTD Documentation 9. External Monitoring, if required

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XI. MONITORING AND REPORTING

146. Monitoring is a continuous process at all stages of project. Monitoring of CPTD implementation will be the responsibility of POWERGRID.

147. Internal monitoring will include: (i) administrative monitoring: daily planning, implementation, feedback and trouble shooting, maintenance, and progress reports and (ii) socio-economic monitoring: compensation for land/crops/trees or any other damages, demolition if any, salvaging materials, dates for consultations and number of grievance/complaints received etc.. Monitoring and reports documenting progress on compensation/ implementation of CPTD will be provided by POWERGRID to ADB for review semi-annually.

148. POWERGRID will engage the services of an independent agency/External monitoring, If required, and provisions for the same have been made in the budget component.

149. POWERGRID is well equipped to implement and monitor its environment and social management plan including CPTD. Organizational Support Structure for monitoring of above is given in Figure-11.1. Monitoring report will be submitted to ADB semi-annually and the same will be disclosed on POWERGRID's and ADB's website.

Figure – 11.1: Organization Support Structure for Safeguard Monitoring

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ANNEXURES

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ANNEXURE-1: EVALUATION OF ALTERNATE ROUTE ALIGNMENTS

Three different alignments were studied with the help of published data/maps such as Forest Atlas, Survey of India topographic sheets, etc. and walkover survey to arrive at the most optimum route to be considered for detailed survey. The line wise comparative detail of these alternatives is placed in below:

1. HIRIYUR- MYSORE 400 KV D/C LINE

S.N Description Alternative-I Alternative-II Alternative-III 1. Route particulars i. Route Length (km) 206 208 196 ii. Terrain Hilly 5% 10% 10% Plain 90% 90% 90% 2. Environmental impact i. Name of District(s) Chitradurga, Tumkur, Chitradurga, Tumkur, Chitradurga, Tumkur, through which the Mandya, & Mysore Mandya, & Mysore Mandya, & Mysore line passes ii. Town in alignment Birenahalli, Mattod, Birenahalli, Kunikere, Birenahalli, Kunikere, Vaddarahatti, Yelladakere, Yelladakere,Nulenur, Rampura, , Arsingundi, Kembala, Sangenahalli, Suranahalli, Melanahalli, Madenur Bhirapur, Tandaga, Kidakanahalli, Pochakatte,Lakkihalli Chowdlapur,Adihalli,C Agrahara, Doddabidare, hikkabidare, Bommenahalli, Sorlamavu, Jogipura, Kunikenahalli, Baladare,Haruvalli, Diggenahalli, Hulikere, Bastipura Muddanahalli , Anandur Gudenahalli, Kirisave Samudravalli Saratavalli, Bastipura Antanahalli,Yelekere, Chaudenahalli, Gollarahatti Dodighatta, Beekanahalli, Mavinahalli, Lokanahalli, Adaguru, Hosahalli Basavanahalli, , Mandi Gungralchatra & Dadadahalli bettahalli, Mydanahalli iii. House within RoW Shall be ascertained Shall be ascertained Shall be ascertained after detailed survey after detailed survey after detailed survey iv. Forest involvement Nil Nil Nil (km/ha.) v. Type of Forest N.A N.A N.A (RF/PF)& whether part of Wildlife Area/ Elephant corridor/ Biodiversity Hotspots/ Biosphere Reserve/ Wetlands or any other environmentally sensitive area, if any vi. Density of Forest N.A N.A N.A

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S.N Description Alternative-I Alternative-II Alternative-III vii. Type of flora Neem(Azadirachta Mango (Mangifera Neem (Azadirachta indica), Jackfruit indica), Coconut (Cocos indica), Mango (Artocarpus nucifera), Neem (Mangifera indica), heterophyllus), (Azadirachta indica), Coconut (Cocos Mango (Mangifera Jackfruit (Artocarpus nucifera), Jackfruit indica), Coconut heterophyllus),Tamarin (Artocarpus (Cocos nucifera), d (Tamarindus indica), heterophyllus),Tamarin Tamarind(Tamarindu Peepal (Ficus d (Tamarindus indica), s indica), Peepal religiosa), Arecanut Peepal (Ficus (Ficus religiosa), (Areca catechu), etc. religiosa), Arecanut Arecanut (Areca (Areca catechu), etc. catechu), etc. viii. Type of fauna Domestic species like Domestic species like Domestic species like Goat (Capra hircus), Goat (Capra hircus), Goat (Capra hircus), Cow (Bos indicus), Cow (Bos indicus), Cow (Bos indicus), Buffalo (Bubalus Buffalo (Bubalus Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) and also bubalis) and also bubalis) and also monkey (Macaca monkey (Macaca monkey (Macaca fascicularis), squirrel fascicularis), squirrel fascicularis), squirrel (Funambulus (Funambulus (Funambulus palmarum) etc. palmarum) etc. palmarum) etc. ix. Endangered species, Nil Nil Nil if any x. Historical/cultural Nil Nil Nil Monuments, if any 3. Compensation Cost (In Rs.): i. Crop (Non Forest) Apprx.1030.00 lakh Apprx.1040.00 lakh Apprx.980.00 lakh (@ 5 lakhs/km) (@ 5 lakhs/km) (@ 5 lakhs/km) ii. Land for Tower Base Apprx.5449.78 lakh Apprx.5502.70 lakh 5184.20 lakh & RoW Corridor iii. Forest (CA+NPV) Nil Nil Nil 4. Major Crossings (nos.): i. Highway(NH/SH) 5 3 2 ii. Power Line 22 19 17 iii. Railway Line 3 4 4 iv. River Crossing 3 3 1 5. Overall remarks Although line length Line length is longest Line length is shorter is more, route is and also involves but line route involve preferred due to more RoW problems dense plantation involvement of less due to dense area and more tree habitated area and plantation area and felling. More RoW lesser plantation more tree felling. problems is area Hence, anticipated at Mysore minimum RoW end as corridor area issue & tree felling is too close to anticipated. Mysore city & Brindavan gardens

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From the above comparative analysis of three alternative routes, it is evident that none of the three alternative routes studied involves forest area. Although, line length of Alternative- I is higher than Alternate-III but minimum RoW problems are anticipated due to involvement of less habitated area as well as plantation area as compared to Alternative-II & III. Further, lesser degree of environmental impacts like minimum tree felling and construction and operational problems are anticipated. Hence, Alternative -I is considered as the most optimum route and recommended for detailed survey.

2. TUMKUR PS - DEVANAHALLI 400 KV D/C (QUAD) LINE S.N Description Alternative-I Alternative-II Alternative-III 1. Route particulars i. Route Length (km) 153 170 176 ii. Terrain Hilly Nil Nil Nil Plain 100% 100% 100% 2. Environmental impact i. Name of District(s) Tumkur, Anantapur, Tumkur, Anantapur, Tumkur, Anantapur, through which the Chikkabalpur, Chikkabalpur, Chikkabalpur, line passes Bangalore Rural Bangalore Rural Bangalore Rural ii. Town in alignment Kyataganacherlu, Kyataganacherlu, Kyataganacherlu, Nalluru, Thirumani, Thimmapuram, Hussainpura, Naranagepalle, Garimekulapalli, , Bagalur Maluguru, Bucherla, Kothapalli, Bagalur Pattikuntapalli, Mavuturu, Jalige, Venkatapura, Gudibanda,Chikajala, Gauribidanur & , Chikajala, Chikkaballapur & Bagalur & Doddaballapur, Devanahalli iii. House within RoW Shall be ascertained Shall be ascertained Shall be ascertained after detailed survey after detailed survey after detailed survey iv. Forest (km/ha.) Nil 1 Ha. Nil v. Type of Forest N.A RF N.A (RF/PF)& whether part of Wildlife Area/ Elephant corridor/ Biodiversity Hotspots/ Biosphere Reserve/ Wetlands or any other environmentally sensitive area, if any vi. Density of Forest N.A Moderate N.A vii. Type of flora Grapes (Vitisvinifera), Grapes Grapes (Vitisvinifera), Mango (Mangifera (Vitisvinifera), Mango Mango (Mangifera indica), Sapota (Mangifera indica), indica), Sapota (Manilkarazapota), Sapota (Manilkarazapota), Pomegranate (Manilkarazapota), Pomegranate (Punicagranatum), Pomegranate (Punicagranatum), Guava (Punicagranatum), Guava (Psidiumguajava), Guava (Psidiumguajava), Citrus varieties. (Psidiumguajava), Citrus varieties. Citrus

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S.N Description Alternative-I Alternative-II Alternative-III viii. Type of fauna Domestic species like Domestic species like Domestic species like Goat (Capra hircus), Goat (Capra hircus), Goat (Capra hircus), Cow (Bos indicus), Cow (Bos indicus), Cow (Bos indicus), Buffalo (Bubalus Buffalo (Bubalus Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) and also bubalis) and also bubalis) and also monkey (Macaca monkey (Macaca monkey (Macaca fascicularis), squirrel fascicularis), squirrel fascicularis), squirrel (Funambulus (Funambulus (Funambulus palmarum) etc. palmarum) etc. palmarum) etc. ix. Endangered species, Nil Nil Nil if any x. Historical/cultural Nil Nil Nil Monuments, if any 3. Compensation Cost (In Rs.): i. Crop (Non Forest) Apprx.765.00 lakh Apprx.850.00 lakh Apprx.880.00 lakh (@ 5 lakhs/km) (@ 5 lakhs/km) (@ 5 lakhs/km) ii. Land for Tower Base Apprx. 4114.50lakh Apprx.4569.60 lakh Apprx. 4730.88 lakh & RoW Corridor iii. Forest (CA+NPV) NA 20.00 lakh NA 4. Major Crossings (nos.): i. Highway(NH/SH) 10 14 9 ii. Power Line 6 7 9 iii. Railway Line 2 2 4 iv. River Crossing 2 2 6 5. Overall remarks Route is preferred Line length is more Line length is longer due to short line and also involves and also involves length, better forest area, as well dense plantations and approach with no as dense plantation habitation areas along forest and less and habitation area. with more nos of river plantation area crossing. Hence, involvement. Hence more RoW and minimum RoW issue construction problems & less tree felling anticipated. anticipated

From the above comparative analysis of three alternative routes, it is evident that Alternative-I is having shortest line length without any forest involvement. Further, line route is easily approachable and involves minimum plantation and habitation area and thus lesser degree of environmental impacts like minimum tree felling and construction and operational problems are anticipated. Hence, Alternative -I is considered as the most optimum route and recommended for detailed survey.

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ANNEXURE-: MOP GU)DEL)NES OF OCT’ ON ROW COMPENSAT)ON

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ANNEXURE-3: GOVT. OF ANDHRA PRADESH NOTIFICATION ON ROW COMPENSATION

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ANNEXURE-4: ACTION PLAN FOR SAFEGUARDS

1. Based on the above Equivalence and Acceptability Assessments, ADB and POWERGRID agreed to implement the following Action Plan for bringing POWERGRID project implementation into full equivalence with SPS policy principles and attaining fully effective implementation of the ESPP and other components of its environmental and social management system.

2. POWERGRID has been updating its ESPP periodically to reflect changes in legal, policy and international best practices. POWERGRID agreed to update the ESPP as needed whenever there are policy and legislative changes related to environment and social safeguards. To ensure equivalence with the SPS, ADB proposes that covenants be included in the loan agreement for all ADB-financed projects to undertake the following equivalence and acceptability actions.

A. Equivalence Actions 3. As described above, ADB and POWERGRID agreed to incorporate the following requirements:

1. Environment Action Plan a) Assess potential cumulative impacts of power transmission projects and include in the environmental assessment process, where appropriate. b) Provide data for any Government strategic environmental assessments that are relevant to POWERGRID business and operations. c) Include cost estimates for project-specific environmental management measures into the Environmental Assessment Management Plan (EAMP)18(nee. Environment Management Plan(EMP), refer ESPP Appendix- XXX-A). d) Disclose revisions and updates of the Initial Environmental Assessment Report if any, on the POWERGRID website, and provide relevant environmental information to affected people and other stakeholders, in a timely manner and in a form and language understandable to the affected people.

2. Involuntary Resettlement

Action Plan a) Monitor each of the three methods of obtaining land (voluntary donation, negotiated purchase, involuntary acquisition). For negotiated purchase the monitoring is to include an assessment of the transparency of the process, confirmation that the agreed price was paid and confirmation by the seller that they were satisfied with the process. For involuntary acquisition the existing monitoring requirements are maintained. b) Disclose annual monitoring reports for individual projects in a timely manner and in Hindi and English to the affected people.

18 Environment Assessment Management Plan (EAMP)” & “Environment Management Plan (EMP)” are synonyms and hence EAMP should be read as “EMP” in this document.

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3. Indigenous Peoples

Action Plan a. Design (i) socio-economic benefit and, (ii) capacity development for Indigenous Peoples so that they are culturally appropriate, and gender and intergenerationally inclusive. b. Disclose (i) draft and final Tribal People Development Plan; and (ii) monitoring reports in a timely manner and in a form of language understandable to the affected Indigenous Peoples. c. Obtain consent from Indigenous Peoples in the case of commercial development of natural resources within tribal lands.

B. Acceptability Actions

4. ADB and POWERGRID agreed to implement the following practices in all projects supported by ADB under POWERGRID‟s ESPP in lieu of ADB safeguards. 1. Environment Action Plan a) Assign environmental specialist(s) (staff or consultants) to each project for project implementation and monitoring during construction. b) Undertake stakeholder consultations with representation of women. c) Document disclosure and availability of project information in a timely manner and in a form and languages understandable to affected people. d) Document where EAMP requirements were not met and status of associated corrective actions in site visit reports by environmental specialists.

2. Involuntary Resettlement Action Plan a) Develop procedures on monitoring livelihood impacts of land acquisition. b) Use recording and tracking systems in the Grievance Redress Mechanism. c) Conduct meaningful consultation19 with affected people. d) Disclose monitoring reports, in a timely manner and in Hindi and English to the affected people.

3. Indigenous Peoples Action Plan Provisions for acceptability actions with respect to safeguards of Indigenous Peoples are not applicable at this stage. While ESPP requires that a project affecting Indigenous Peoples prepare and implement a TPDP, there are currently no POWERGRID projects triggering Indigenous Peoples safeguards under implementation that are mature enough to assess.

19 Meaningful consultation defines as a process that (i) begins early in the project preparation stage and is carried out on an ongoing basis throughout the project cycle; (ii) provides timely disclosure of relevant and adequate information that is understandable and readily accessible to affected people; (iii) is undertaken in an atmosphere free of intimidation or coercion; (iv) is gender inclusive and responsive, and tailored to the needs of disadvantaged and vulnerable groups; and (v) enables the incorporation of all relevant views of affected people and other stakeholders into decision making, such as project design, mitigation measures, the sharing of development benefits and opportunities, and implementation issues.

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ANNEXURE-5: SAMPLE PROFORMA FOR COMPENSATION

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ANNEXURE- 6: DETAILS OF PUBLIC CONSULTATION

Report on Public Consultation meetings held on 01.07.16 & 15.03.17 pertaining to construction of transmission lines under Ultra Mega Solar Power Park Phase 2 ------

As per the Environment and Social Policy and Procedure (ESPP), public consultation meeting was held on construction of Hiriyur - Mysore 400kV D/C transmission line at Muddanahalli Village, Chanarayapatna (M), Hassan Dist& Pavagada PS - Devanahalli 400kV D/C (Quad) transmission line at Kyataganacherlu Village, Pavagada (M), Tumkur Dist, Karnataka.

An advance communication was given to the gram panchayat about the meeting; copy of the letter is enclosed at Annexure 1. The meeting was attended by the members of the panchayat, village heads and the general public of the village. The list of participants along with photographs is enclosed atAnnexure 2 and Annexure 3 respectively.

POWERGRID officials were introduced to the villagers by Panchayat members who welcomed to the meeting and expressed his happiness that such a prestigious project is coming near their village and requested POWERGRID to help in upliftment of the village and the youth in particular.

POWERGRID officials also welcomed the public on behalf of the company to the public consultation meeting and briefed them about POWERGRID and the project.

The public were informed about the project scheme and the importance of this project to the state of Karnataka in particular and nation in general.

The Environment and Social Policy and Procedures (ESPP) of POWERGRID was also briefed to the gathering. It was informed that the public consultation was being held as per this policy to address the apprehensions / questions of the public.

The entire session was interactive with active participation of the public in local language; Kannada and people clarified their queries about this project with POWERGRID officials, gist of the interactions are enclosed as Annexure 4.

The meeting concluded with vote of thanks by POWERGRID.

List of participants for the public consultation at Kyataganacherlu Village, Tumkur District, Karnataka on 01.07.2016

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POWERGRID: 1. Sri. Nagaraj Gupta DGM / Pavagada CAO. 2. Sri. Sanju Kishan Sr. Environment Officer/ RHQ Bangalore 3. Sri. Ramesh Jr. Engineer/ Pavagada CAO

Kyataganacherlu Village, Tumkur District, Karnataka: 1. Sri. ChannaKesava Naidu Panchayat President 2. Sri. Babbaiah Member 3. Sri. Obalapati K.O Member 4. Sri. Gopala Reddy Secretary 5. Other villagers

Total no’s of people attended the meeting (list attached)

======

List of participants for the public consultation at Muddanahalli Village, Hassan District, Karnataka on 15.03.2017

POWERGRID: 1. Sri. R Raghavan DGM / Mysore SS. 2. Sri. R Sharath CM / Hassan SS 3. Sri. Gunashekaran CM / Hassan CAO 4. Sri. Nagaraju DM / Hassan SS 5. Sri. Sanju Kishan Sr. Environment Officer/ RHQ Bangalore

Muddanahalli Village, Hassan District, Karnataka: 1. Sri. Ravi Member 2. Sri. Thimmegowda Member 3. Other villagers

Total 40 no’s of people attended the meeting list attached

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Annexure 1(a) : Meeting notice – Kyataganacherlu Village, Tumkur District, Karnataka

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Annexure 1 (b): Meeting notice – MuddenahalliVillage, Hassan District, Karnataka

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Annexure 2 (a): Attendance List – Kyataganacherlu Village, Tumkur District, Karnataka

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Annexure 2 (a): Attendance List – Kyataganacherlu Village, Tumkur District, Karnataka

Annexure 2 (a): Attendance List – Kyataganacherlu Village, Tumkur District, Karnataka

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Annexure 2 (a): Attendance List – Kyataganacherlu Village, Tumkur District, Karnataka

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Annexure 2 (b): Attendance List – Muddanahalli Village, Hassan District, Karnataka

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Annexure 2 (b): Attendance List – Muddanahalli Village, Hassan District, Karnataka

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Annexure 2 (b): Attendance List – Muddanahalli Village, Hassan District, Karnataka

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Annexure 2 (b): Attendance List – Muddanahalli Village, Hassan District, Karnataka

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Annexure 3 (a): Few Snapshots of the Public Consultation at Kyataganacherlu (V), Tumkur

Briefing the project by POWERGRID officials

Briefing the policy (ESPP) by POWERGRID officials

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Annexure 3 (a): Few Snapshots of the Public Consultation at Kyataganacherlu (V), Tumkur

People seeking clarification

Powergrid officials addressing the clarifications

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Annexure 3 (a): Few Snapshots of the Public Consultation at Kyataganacherlu (V), Tumkur

Powergrid officials addressing the gathering

Powergrid officials addressing the gathering

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Annexure 3 (a): Few Snapshots of the Public Consultation at Kyataganacherlu (V), Tumkur

Panchayat members interacting with powergrid officials

Panchayat members interacting with powergrid officials

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Annexure 3 (b): Few Snapshots of the Public Consultation at Muddanahalli (V), Hassan

POWERGRID officials briefing about the project to the villagers

POWERGRID officials addressing the gathering

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Annexure 3 (b): Few Snapshots of the Public Consultation at Muddanahalli (V), Hassan

Villagers seeking clarifications from the officials

Villagers seeking clarifications from the officials

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Annexure 3 (b): Few Snapshots of the Public Consultation at Muddanahalli (V), Hassan

Villagers in attention to the briefing given by POWERGRID officials

Villagers interacting with powergrid officials

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Annexure 3 (b): Few Snapshots of the Public Consultation at Muddanahalli (V), Hassan

Panchayat member interacting with powergrid officials

Panchayat members interacting with powergrid officials

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Annexure 4 (a)

Gist of clarifications raised by villagers of Kyataganacherlu (V), Tumkur District:

1. Sri Chennakesava (Panchayat President) a. Question: Will this project provide any employment opportunities to the affected villagers? Answer: POWERGRID cannot provide employment to the villagers directly however there is scope for petty contracts like providing vehicles, housekeeping, gardening, etc in our projects where preference will be given to project affected people during construction and also post construction.

2. Sri Obulesh (Villager) a. Question: Will this project impact the health of the people and the cattle?? Answer: There is no recorded evidence on health impact due to transmission lines, either in humans or animals.

3. Sri. Muthyalu (Villager) a. Question: Will this project affect the ground water in our village and will POWERGRID improve the infrastructural facilities for our village? Answer: As a part of the Corporate Social Responsibility, POWERGRID would take up developmental activities in the villages along the routes of transmission line, after identifying the requirements of the village through a need based baseline survey. Groundwater will not be affected by transmission line projects.

4. Sri. Chinnaiah (Villager) a. Question: How much compensation will be paid to the villagers due to the damages caused by the project? Answer: Tree / crop compensation would be paid as per the rates fixed / determined by the revenue / forest / horticulture department officials of the state. As per the provisions of Indian Telegraph Act POWERGRID only has user rights on the land and the land owners can continue their cultivation as usual below the line.

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Annexure 4 (b) Gist of clarifications raised by villagers of Muddanahalli (V), Hassan District:

1. Sri. Ravi (Panchayat Member) a. Question: How much compensation will be paid to the villagers due to the damages caused by the project? Answer: Tree / crop compensation would be paid as per the rates fixed / determined by the revenue / forest / horticulture department officials of the state. As per the provisions of Indian Telegraph Act POWERGRID only has user rights on the land and the land owners can continue their cultivation as usual below the line.

2. Smt. Ratnamma (Villager) a. Question: Due to this project the land value will come down drastically, who will bear this cost? Answer: POWERGRID will follow the guidelines of Ministry of Power in paying the land cost for the tower footing area and the Right of Way (corridor). These rates are determined by the state government as per the guideline value/circle rate etc, restricted to 85% of the land value for tower foot area and maximum 15% of the land value for the ROW. b. Question: We have many plantations in our fields; will we get compensation for our plantation gardens? Answer: Tree and crop compensation as per the rates fixed / determined by the state govt officials (agricultural / forest / horticulture department) will be paid by POWERGRID.

3. Sri. Somashekar (Villager) a. Question: KPTCL is having power shortage. Can we get power from your project? Answer: POWERGRID can only transmit power to the states, distribution to the household / village level is the responsibility of the state utilities. This line will contribute to the development of power situation of the region.

4. Sri. Thimmegowda (Panchayat Member) a. Question: What would be the benefit of this line to our village if this project goes through our village and lines are taken from our lands? Can’t you avoid our village and go to the next village. Answer: Irrespective of the location there would be power transmission through our lines across the states. Hence the benefit of this project would be to the entire state of Karnataka and the neighbouring states by transfer of power from surplus state to deficit states. Therefore this line would contribute towards improvement of power scenario of the district and also the villages. The route alignment is fixed and cannot be changed at this point as it’s the most techno economical route with minimum environment & social impact.

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