AN ANNOTATED CHECKLIST OF THE VASCULAR FLORA OF WASHINGTON COUNTY, Charles T. Bryson Daniel A. Skojac, Jr.1 USDA, ARS USDA, FS, Southern Region Crop Production Systems Research Unit Chattahoochee NF Stoneville, Mississippi 38776, U.S.A. 3941 Highway 76 Chatsworth, 30705, U.S.A.

abstract Field explorations have yielded 271 new to Washington County, Mississippi and Calandrinia ciliata (Ruiz & Pav.) DC. and Ruellia nudiflora (Engelm. & .A. Gray) Urban new to the state. An annotated list of 809 taxa for Washington County is provided and excludes 59 species that were reported from counties adjacent and included in the 1980 Washington County and environs flora, but have yet to be docu- mented from Washington County.

resumen Exploraciones de campo han dado como resultado 271 especies nuevas para Washington County, Mississippi y Calandrinia ciliata (Ruiz & Pav.) DC. y Ruellia nudiflora (Engelm. & .A. Gray) Urban nuevas para el estado. Se aporta una lista anotada de 809 taxa para Washington County y se excluyen 59 especies que estaban citadas de condados adyacentes e incluidas en la flora de 1980 de Washington County y alre- dedores, pero que no se han documentado aún para Washington County.

introduction The flora of Mississippi, especially the Yazoo-Mississippi River Alluvial Plain, is poorly reported (Bryson & Carter 1994; Skojac et al. 2007) compared to other physiographic regions of Mississippi and of adjacent states. Lowe’s of Mississippi (1921) still remains the only effort at a comprehensive flora of the state. Several county floras have been compiled, mostly by graduate students at various universities; however, comprehen- sive floras are lacking for more than 80% of Mississippi’s 82 counties. Gunn et al. (1980) prepared a Flora of Washington County and Environs. This work has been the standard for identification by researchers, consultants, educators, farmers, and the general public for the past quarter century. Gunn et al. (1980) listed 669 taxa for Washington County and environs; however, 131 species were collected in the adjacent counties of Bolivar, Humphreys, Issaquena, Sharkey, and Sunflower. Because supplies of Gunn et al. (1980) were depleted almost a decade ago and collection efforts have yielded additional species to the county, our objective is to provide an updated list of the species found only within the confines of Washington County, Mississippi. Washington County is in the Mississippi-Yazoo alluvial plain of the physiographic or land use area known as the Delta Region (Lowe 1921). The county is bordered by the Mississippi River on the west and lies about half way between Memphis, TN and Vicksburg, MS (Lowe 1921; Skojac et al. 2007). The county is about 20,000 ha and the elevation ranges from 27.5 to 43 m above sea level. Thus, the topography of the region is relatively flat except along the natural and man-made levees of creeks, streams, oxbow lakes, and the Mississippi River. Little of the county remains undisturbed. Most of the land was cleared for row crop production, espe- cially the well-drained areas, and many areas have been under cultivation since the mid 19th century. Soils of Washington County are deep and fertile and of alluvial origin, and range from poorly drained fine clays to well drained silt loams and sands (Morris 1961). The five main soil associations found in Washington County are nearly level and range from poorly, moderately, and excessively drained. These soil associations occur in areas that are classified as alluvial, slack-water, low terraces, old natural levees and recent natural le- vees. Over one third of the soils in the county are highly productive sandy loams (e.g., Dundee & Bosket soils)

1Formerly at USDA, FS, Southern Research Station, Center for Bottomland Hardwoods Research, Stoneville, MS 38776.

J. Bot. Res. Inst. 5(2): 855 – 866. 2011 856 Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas 5(2) and have been historically used for cotton production. Recently, the crop diversity on these soils includes corn, cotton, and soybean, while silt and clay soils are primarily utilized for rice and soybean production, farm raised catfish ponds, or scattered remnant forests. The native mixed deciduous bottomland forest is a product of edaphic rather than climatic conditions (Gunn 1980). The climate of Washington County is considered temperate with average temperatures ranging from 8°C in January to 24°C in July. The summers are hot and humid with daytime temperatures occasionally over 38°C. During short cold periods in the winter, temperatures are rarely below -10°C. The average growing season is about 200 days with an average killing frost on November 2 and the last hard freeze usually occurs in early to mid March. Vouchers for the additions to the Washington County flora are deposited in herbaria at the USDA-ARS Jamie Whitten Delta States Research Center (SWSL) and the USDA Southern Hardwoods Research Laboratory (CBHRL) both at Stoneville, MS as indicated in Table 1. Duplicates of many of these collections were distrib- uted to other herbaria within Mississippi (DSC, IBE, MISS, MISSA, MMNS, or USMS) and elsewhere depend- ing on the number of duplicates. Collector, collection number, and herbarium or a publication that reported additional species to Washington County are cited following each species added since Gunn et al. (1980).

results and discussion As a result of fieldwork during the past three decades, 271 species have been added to the flora of Washington County, Mississippi. Calandrinia ciliata (Ruiz & Pav.) DC. and Ruellia nudiflora (Engelm. & A. Gray) Urban, both new to the state, are reported in the annotated flora of Washington County (Table 1). Since Gunn et al. (1980), 72 species listed from adjacent counties were collected within the county; 59 species have not been detected yet in Washington County and are listed in Table 2. A few species were misidentified (e.g., the vouch- er for Sida elliottii Torr. & A. Gray was an abberant specimen of S. rhombifolia L.), and thus not included in the annotated list for Washington County (Table 1) but retained in those species yet to be collected within the county (Table 2). Nomenclature changes since Gunn et al. (1980) were updated to follow published volumes of Flora of North America, e.g., Urochloa ramosa (L.) R.D. Webster for Brachiaria ramosa (L.) Stapf. Other taxa were redetermined or aligned with currently accepted nomenclature or where species concepts have changed, such as Carex aureolensis Steud. rather than C. frankii Kunth, now defined as taxa with a distribution well north of the Delta Region. Alignment of families not yet treated yet in Flora of North America follow Botanical Garden’s Tropicos (Tropicos 2011). Author abbreviations follow The International Plant Names Index (IPNI 2011). With these additions and realignments as mentioned above, 809 taxa are now known within the bounds of Washington County. Of the 117 Family cited as occuring in Washington County and environs by Gunn et al. (1980), one fam- ily, one family, Asclepiadaceae, was lumped into Apocynaceae (Table 1), and Melastomataceae, was excluded because no species within the family were found within the confines of Washington County (Table 2). Eleven families were added to the flora of Washington County and include Annonaceae, Berberidaceae, Dioscoreaceae, Cannabaceae, Fumariaceae, Haloragaceae, Hippocastanaceae, Lygodiaceae, Simaroubaceae, Sterculiaceae, and Thelypteridaceae (Table 1). Fumariaceae was included in Gunn et al. (based on a collection of Corydalis flavula (Raf.) DC. from an adjacent county and was included based on a recent collection. Other family names provided by Gunn et al. (1980) were changed to conform to new classification schemes, e.g., Dryopteridaceae for Asplidiaceae; folded into Liliaceae; and Smilaceae segregated from Liliaceae. Ultimately, 122 plant families are listed for Washington County (Table 1). Additional field research should add native taxa to this list. Also, species not native to the Delta Region will undoubtedly be added because of human activities and the vast areas under cultivation. Bryson and Skojac, Flora of Washington Co., Mississippi 857

Table 1. Annotated list of the species collected within Washington County, Mississippi cited in Gunn et al. (1980) or confirmed as noted by literature citation or as new data (collector, collection number, and herbaria where vouchers are deposited).

PTERIDOFITAS Bromeliaceae Tillandsia usneoides L. Aspleniaceae Asplenium platyneuron (L.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb. Cannaceae Canna X generalis L. H. Bailey Azollaceae Azolla caroliniana Willd. Commelinaceae Commelina communis L. Dryopteridaceae Commelina diffusa Burm. f. Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth. var. asplenioides (Michx.) Hulten Commelina virginica L. Onoclea sensibilis L. Murdannia nudiflora (L.) Brenan (Bryson 23762) Equisetaceae Tradescantia ohiensis Raf. Equisetum hyemale L. Tradescantia virginiana L. Lygodiaceae Cyperaceae Lygodium japonicum (Thunb.) Sw. (Bryson 16767, SWSL) Carex abscondita Mack. (Carter et al. 1990) Carex albicans Willd. ex Spreng. (Carter et al. 1990, cited as C. phy- Marsileaceae sorhyncha Liebm. ex Steud.) Marsilea vestita Hook. & Grev. Carex annectens E.P. Bicknell Ophioglossaceae Carex blanda Dewey Botrychium virginianum (L.) Sw. (Skojac 454, CBHRL) Carex bromoides Schkuhr subsp. bromoides (Carter et al. 1990) Ophioglossum vulgatum L var. pycnostichum (Fernald) Love & Love Carex bulbostylis Mack. (Bryson 11522, SWSL) (Carter et al. 1990) Carex caroliniana Schwein. (Bryson 3471, SWSL) Carex cherokeensis Schwein. Polypodiaceae Carex corrugata Fernald (Bryson 3469, SWSL) Pleopeltis polypoides (L.) Watt Carex crus-corvi Shuttlew. ex Kuntze Carex decomposita Muhl. (Carter et al. 1990) Thelypteridaceae Carex festucaceae Schkuhr Thelypteris kunthii (Desv.) Morton (Bryson 6945, SWSL) Carex flaccosperma Dewey (Bryson 3470, SWSL) GYMNOSPERMAS Carex aureolensis Steud. (previously listed as Carex frankii Kunth) Carex hyalina Boott (Bryson et al. 1996) Cupressaceae Carex hyalinolepis Steud. Cupressocyparis x leylandii (Dallim. & A.B. Jacks.) Dallim. (Bryson Carex granularis Muhl. (Bryson 4247, SWSL) 23774 & Gardiner, SWSL) Carex intumescens Rudge (Carter et al. 1990) Juniperus virginiana L. Carex leavenworthii Dewey Taxodium distichum (L.) Rich. Carex longii Mack. (Bryson 8373, SWSL) Ginkgoaceae Carex louisianica L. H. Bailey Ginkgo biloba L. Carex lupulina Willd. (Bryson 22322, SWSL) Carex molesta Mack. (Bryson, Naczi & McDaniel 1992) Pinaceae Carex oxylepis Torr. & Hook. (Bryson 3616, SWSL) Pinus elliottii Engelm. Carex reniformis (L. H. Bailey) Small (Bryson 4233 & Newton, SWSL) Pinus glabra Walter (Bryson23767 & Gardiner, SWSL) Carex socialis Mohlenbr. & Schwegman (Bryson 13432, SWSL) Pinus nigra Aiton (Gunn 11070, SWSL) Carex texensis (Torr.) L. H. Bailey (Bryson 4116, SWSL) Pinus taeda L. (Bryson 23768 & Gardiner, SWSL) Carex triangularis Boeck. Pinus virginiana Mill. (Bryson 23775 & Gardiner, SWSL) Carex tribuloides Wahl. Carex typhina Michx. LILIOPSIDA Carex vulpinoidea Michx. Alismataceae Cyperus acuminatus Torr. & Hook. Echinodorus berteroi (Spreng.) Fassett Cyperus compressus L. (Bryson 6605, SWSL) Echinodorus cordifolius (L.) Griesb. Cyperus croceus Vahl (Bryson 4046, SWSL) Sagittaria latifolia Willd. var. obtusa (Engel.) B. L. Rob. (Skojac 309, Cyperus entrerianus Boeck. (Bryson 19877, SWSL) CBHRL) Cyperus erythrorhizos Muhl. Sagittaria montevidensis Cham. & Schldtl. var calycina (Engelm.) Cyperus esculentus L. Bogin (Gunn 10363, SWSL) Cyperus fuscus L. (Bryson & Carter 2008) Sagittaria montevidensis Cham. & Schltdl. subsp. montevidensis Cyperus involucratus Rottb. (Bryson 23038, SWSL) Sagittaria platyphylla (Engelm.) J.G. Smith (Bryson 14288 & Cyperus iria L. MacDonald, SWSL) Cyperus odoratus L. (Bryson 4629, SWSL) Cyperus psuedovegetus Steud. Araceae Cyperus retrorsus Chapm. (Bryson 20348) Arisaema dracontium (L.) Schott (Bryson 5720, Morris & Stewart, Cyperus retroflexus Buckley (Bryson & Carter 1992) SWSL) Cyperus rotundus L. Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott Cyperus squarrosa L. (Barnes 1002, SWSL) Arecaceae Cyperus strigosus L. Sabal minor (Jacq.) Pers. Cyperus surinamensis Rottb. (Bryson 20349) 858 Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas 5(2)

Cyperus uniflorus Torr. & Hook. (Bryson 10430, SWSL) Cyperus virens Michx. (Gunn 10637, SWSL) Agrostis hyemalis (Walter) Britton Eleocharis macrostachya Britton (Bryson 13435, SWSL) Aira elegans Willd. ex Kunth Eleocharis montevidensis Kunth (Bryson 13430, SWSL) Alopecurus carolinianus Walter Eleocharis obtusa (Willd.) Schultes Andropogon glomeratus (Walter) Britton, Sterns & Poppennb. Fimbristylis autumnalis (L.) Roem. & Schult. (Bryson 7203, SWSL) Andropogon virginicus L. Fimbristylis miliacea (L.) Vahl (Bryson 23583 Kwong & Sagliocco, Aristida oligantha Michx. SWSL) Arundinaria gigantea (Walter) Muhl. Fimristylis tomentosa Vahl (Bryson 16603, SWSL) Arundo donax L. Fimbristylis vahlii (Lam.) Link Avena sativa L. Isolepis carinata (Steud.) Gleason (Bryson 7373, SWSL) Axonopus fissifolius (Raddi) Kuhlm. (Elmore s.n., SWSL) Lipocarpha micrantha Vahl (Carter et al. 1990) Bothrichloa ischaemum (L.) Y. Keng (Bryson 14689, SWSL) Kyllinga brevifolia Rottb. (Bryson & Carter 1992) Bothriochloa pertusa (L.) Camus (Bryson 5062, SWSL) Rhynchospora corniculata (Lam.) A. Gray Bromus acemosus L. Scleria oligantha Michx. (Carter et al. 1990) Bromus arvensis L. (Saucier s.n., SWSL) Bromus catharticus Vahl Dioscoreaceae Bromus inermis Leyss. (Stadelbacher s.n., SWSL) Dioscorea villosa L. (Bryson 5709, Morris & Stewart, SWSL) Bromus secalinus L. Hydrocharitaceae Bromus tectorum L. (Elmore s.n., SWSL) Limnobium spongia (Bosc) Steud. Cenchrus longispinus (Hack.) Fernald Chasmanthium latifolium (Michx.) Yates Iris fulva Ker-Gawl. (Bryson 7362, SWSL) Chloris virgata Sw. (Skojac 1146, SWSL) Iris germanica L. (Bryson 5158, SWSL) Coelorachis cylindrica (Michx.) Nash Iris virginica L. dactylon (L.) Pers. Sisyrinchium angustifolium Mill. (Saucier 37, SWSL) Dactylis glomerata L. (Stadlebacher s.n., SWSL) Sisyrinchium atlanticum Bickn. (Bryson 5470, SWSL) Dactyloctenium aegyptium (L.) Willd. (Elomore s.n., SWSL) Sisyrinchium mucronatum Michx. (Skojac 215, CBHRL) Dichanthelium acuminatum (Sw.) Gould & C. A. Clark subsp. lind- Sisyrinchium rostulatum E. P. Bicknell (Bryson 23242, SWSL) heimeri (Nash) Freckmann & Lelong (Bryson 4820 & Morris, SWSL) Juncaceae Dichanthelium commutatum (Schult.) Gould Juncus acuminatus Michx. (Skojac 1310, CBHRL) Dichanthelium dichotomum (L.) Gould (Bryson 5719, Morris & Juncus diffusissimus Buckley Stewart, SWSL) Juncus effusus L. Dichanthelium laxiflorum (L.) Harvill (Bryson 13992 & MacDonald, Juncus elliotii Chapm. SWSL) Juncus marginatus Rostk. Dichanthelium polyanthes (Schult.) Mohlenbr. (Saucier 48, SWSL) Juncus tenuis Willd. Digitaria ischaemum (Schreber) Muhl. Juncus validus Coville (Skojac 700, CBHRL) Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scopoli Lemnaceae Echinochloa colonum (L.) Link Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid. Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv. Spirodela punctata (G. Mey.) Thomp. Echinochloa crus-pavonis (Kunth) Schult. var. macra (Wiegand) Wolffia brasiliensis Wedd. Gould (Bryson 22990, SWSL) Wolffia columbiana H. Karst. Echinochloa muricata (P. P. Beauv.) Fernald (Bryson 22838, SWSL) Echinochloa walteri (Pursh) A. Heller Liliaceae Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. Allium ampeloprasum L. Elymus virginicus L. Allium vineale L. Eragrostis cilianensis (All.) Vignolo. ex Janch. (Bryson 4494 & Asparagus officinalis L. (Bryson 4532, SWSL) Hastings, SWSL) liriosme (Raf.) Shinners (Elmore & Clarke s.n., SWSL) Eragrostis hypnoides (Lam.) Britton Hymenocallis occidentalis (LeConte) Kunth (Bryson 13983, SWSL) Eragrostis japonica (Thunb.) Trin. Leucojum aestivum L. (Bryson, 5144, SWSL) Eragrostis mionor Host Lycoris radiata (L’Her.) Herb. Eragrostis pectinacea (Michx.) Nees Muscari botryoides (L.) P. Mill. (Paul s.n., SWSL) Eragrostis pilosa (L.) P. P. Beauv. (Bryson 6595, SWSL) Narcissus poeticus L. (Bryson 5130, SWSL) Eragrostis secundiflora J. J. Presl. var. oxylepis (Torr.) S. D. Koch Narcissus pseudo-narcissus L. (Bryson 51327, SWSL) Eragrostis spectabilis (Pursh) Steud. Nothoscordum bivalve (L.) Britton (Clarke s.n., SWSL) Eriochloa acuminata (J. J. Presl.) Kunth Ornithogalum umbellatum L. (Elmore s.n., SWSL) Eriochloa contracta Hitchc. Najadaceae Glyceria arkansana Fernald Najas flexilis Rostk. & W. L. E. Schmidt Hordeum pusillum Nutt. Imperata cylindrica (L.) P. Beauv. (Bryson 23107, SWSL) Orchidaceae Leersia lenticularis Michx. Spiranthes ovalis Lindl. Leersia oryzoides (L.) Sw. Spiranthes vernalis Englm. & A. Gray (Bryson 11786, Allen & Thomas, Leersia virginica Willd. SWSL) Leptochloa fusca (L.) Kunth subsp. fascicularis (Lam.) N. Snow Tipularia discolor (Pursh) Nutt. (Elmore 204, SWSL) Leptochloa panicea (Retz.) Ohwi subsp. brachiata (Steud.) N. Snow Bryson and Skojac, Flora of Washington Co., Mississippi 859

Leptochloa panicoides (J. Presl) Hitchc. Typha latifolia L. Lolium perenne L. Lolium perenne L. subsp. multiflorum (Lam.) Husnot (Bryson 20600, MAGNOLIOPSIDA SWSL) Acanthaceae Muhlenbergia schreberi J. F. Gmel. Justicia ovata (Walter) Lindau Oplismenus hirtellus (L.) P. Beauv. (Skojac et al. 2007) Justicia ovata (Walter) Lindau var. lanceolata (Chapm.) Small (Bryson Oryza sativa L. 4657, SWSL) Panicum anceps Michx. Ruellia carolinensis (Walter) Steud. (Bryson 13990 & MacDonald, Panicum capillare L. SWSL) Panicum dichotomiflorum Michx. Ruellia nudiflora (Engelm. & A. Gray) Urban (Bryson 18784 Coleman Panicum gymnocarpon Elliott (Skojac 1153, CBHRL) & Goodlett, SWSL) Panicum rigidulum Bosc ex Nees Ruellia strepens L. Paspalum dilatatum Poir. Paspalum distichum L. Aceraceae Paspalum notatum Flügge (Elmore & Weisman s.n., SWSL) Acer negundo L. Paspalum pubiflorum Rup. ex E. Fourn. (Lydon s.n., SWSL) Acer rubrum L. var. rubrum (Bryson 4542, SWSL) Paspalum repens P. J. Bergius Acer rubrum L. var. drummondii (Hook. & Arn. ex Nutt.) Sarg. Paspalum setaceum Michx. var. ciliatifolium (Michx.) Vasey Acer saccharinum L. Paspalum urvillei Steud. (Elmore s.n., SWSL) Aizoaceae Phalaris caroliniana Walter Trianthema portulacastrum L. Poa annua L. Poa pratensis L. Amaranthaceae Polypogon monspeliensis (L.) Desf. (Bryson 15986, SWSL) Alternanthera caracasana Kunth Schedonorus pratensis (Huds.) P. Beauv. Alternanthera philoxeroides (Martius) Griseb. Sclerochloa dura (L.) P. Beauv. (Carter et al. 1990) Amaranthus albus L. Setaria faberi R. A. W. Herrm. (Bryson 8662, SWSL) Amaranthus hybridus L. Setaria parviflora (Poir.) Kerguélen Amaranthus palmeri S. Watson Setaria pumila (Poir.) Roem. & Schult. Amaranthus retroflexus L. Setaria viridis (L.) P. Beauv. var. minor (Gaudin) Peterm. (Bryson Amaranthus spinosus L. 8658, SWSL) Amaranthus viridus L. Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench Amaranthus tuberculatus (Moq.) Sauer (Bryson 23653, SWSL) Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. Froelichia gracilis (Hook.) Moquin Sphenopholis nitida (Biehler) Scribn. Anacardiaceae Sphenopholis obtusata (Michx.) Scribn. Rhus glabra L flavus (L.) Hitchc. Toxicodendron radicans (L.) Kuntze Tridens strictus (Nutt.) Nash (Bryson 23764, SWSL) Annonaceae Tripsacum dactyloides (L.) L. Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal (Bryson 4837, SWSL) Triticum aestivum L. Urochloa arizonica (Scribn. & Merrill) Morrone & Zuloaga Apiaceae Urochloa platyphylla (Nash) R. D. Webster Ammoselinum butleri J. M. Coult. & Rose (Bryson & Elmore 1991) Urochloa ramosa (L.) R. D. Webster Bowlesia incana Ruiz & Pav. (Skojac et al. 2007) Urochloa texana (Buckley) R. D. Webster (Bryson 6906 & Morris, Chaerophyllum tainturieri Hook. & Arn. SWSL) Cyclospermum leptophyllum (Pers.) Sprague ex Britton & P. Wilson Vulpia myuros (L.) C. C. Gmel. var. myuros (Bryson 13438, SWSL) Cynosciadium digitatum DC. Vulpia octoflora (Walt.) Rydb. Daucus carota L. Zea mays L. Eryngium hookeri Walp. (Carter et al. 1990) Zizaniopsis miliacea (Michx.) Döll & Asch. Hydrocotyle ranunculoides L. f. Zoysia matrella (L.) Merr. (Bryson 8750, SWSL) Hydrocotyle umbellata L. Hydrocotyle verticillata Thunb. (Baker s.n., SWSL) Pontederiaceae Limnosciadium pinnatum (DC.) Mathias & Constance (MacDonald Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms (Skojac et al. 2007) 8732, SWSL) Heteranthera dubia MacMill. Sanicula canadensis L. Heteranthera limosa Willd. Sanicula odorata (Raf.) K. M. Pryer & L. R. Phillippe (Skojac 769, Heteranthera reniformis Raiz & Pav. (MacDonald 9160 & Bryson, CBHRL) SWSL) Spermolepis echinata (Nutt. ex DC.) A. Heller (MacDonald 8568, Pontederia cordata L. (Saucier 169, SWSL) SWSL) Smilaceae Torilis arvensis (Huds.) Link Smilax bona-nox L. Torilis nodosa (L.) Gaertn. Smilax glauca Walter (Bryson 5699, Morris & Stewart, SWSL) Trepocarpus aethusae Nutt. ex DC. Smilax herbacea L. Apocynaceae Smilax hispida Muhl. (Skojac 934, CBHRL) Amsonia tabernaemontana Walter Smilax rotundifolia L. Apocynum cannabinum L. Smilax tamnoides L. (Bryson 6135 & Morris, SWSL) Asclepias perennis Walter Typhaceae Asclepias purpurascens L. (Carter et al. 1990) Typha angustifolia L. (Skojac et al. 2007) Cynanchum laeve (Michx.) Pers. 860 Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas 5(2)

Matelea gonocarpos (Walter) Shinners Matricaria discoidea DC. Trachelospermum difforme (Walter) A. Gray Melanthera nivea (L.) Small (Carter et al. 1990) Mikania scandens (L.) Willd. Aquifoliaceae Packera glabella (Poir.) C. Jeffrey Ilex decidua Walter Parthenium hysterophorus L. Ilex opaca Aiton Pluchea camphorata (L.) DC. Ilex vomitoria Aiton (Bryson 5463, SWSL) Pyrrhopappus carolinianus (Walter) DC. Araliaceae Rudbeckia heliopsidis Torr. & A. Gray (Bryson 15538, SWSL) Aralia spinosa L. Rudbeckia hirta L. Hedera helix L. Senecio vulgaris L. (Skojac et al. 2007) Aristolochiaceae Silphium radula Nutt. (Bryson 15934, SWSL) Aristolochia serpentaria L. (Bryson 5800 & Morris, SWSL) Smallanthus uvedalius (L.) Mack. ex Small (Bryson 4832 & Morris, SWSL) Asteraceae Solidago altissima L. Achillea millefolium L. Solidago canadensis L. (Saucier 9, SWSL) Acmellia oppositifolia (Lam.) R. K. Jansen Soliva sessilis Ruiz & Pav. Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. var. elatior (L.) Descourt. Sonchus asper (L.) Hill Ambrosia trifida L. var. trifida Sonchus oleraceus L. (Gunn 10617, SWSL) Ampelaster carolinianus (Walter) G. L. Nesom(L. H. Bailey s.n., SWSL) Symphotrichum subulatum (Michx.) G. L. Nesom (Bryson 7234, SWSL) Anthemis cotula L. Symphotrichum divaricatum (Nutt.) G. L. Nesom Artemisia annua L. (Bryson 4588 & Croom, SWSL) Symphotrichum dumosum (L.) G. L. Nesom Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt. subsp. albula (Woot.) D. D. Keck Symphotrichum elliottii (Torr. & A. Gray) G. L. Nesom (Bryson 15675, Baccharis halimifolia L. SWSL) Bidens aristosa (Michx.) Britton Symphotrichum lanceolatum (Willd.) G. L. Nesom (Gunn 10943 & Bidens bipinnata L. 10793, SWSL) Bidens discoidea (Torr. & A. Gray) Britton Symphotrichum ontarionis (Wiegand) G. L. Nesom Bidens laevis (L.) Britt., Sterns & Poggenb. (Bryson 23662 & Goodlett, Symphotrichum pilosum (Willd.) G. L. Nesom SWSL) Symphotrichum racemosum (Elliott) G. L. Nesom Boltonia asateroides (L.) L’Hér. Taraxacum laevigatum (Willd.) DC. (Bryson 18250, SWSL) Boltonia diffusa Elliott (Bryson 8277, SWSL) Taraxacum officinale Wigg. Chrysopsis pilosa (Nutt.) Shinners Verbesina helianthoides Michx. Cichorium intybus L. (Carter et al. 1990) Vernonia gigantea (Walter) Trel. Cirsium carolinianum (Walter) Fernald & B. G. Schub. (Frick s.n., SWSL) Vernonia glauca (L.) Willd. (Bryson 15537, SWSL) Cirsium discolor (Muhl. ex Willd.) Spreng. Xanthium strumarium L. Cirsium horridulum Michx. Youngia japonica (L.) DC. (Bryson 15676 & MacDonald, SWSL) Cirsium virginianum (L.) Michx. Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten. Balsaminaceae Conoclinium coelestinum (L.) DC. Impatiens capensis Meerb. Conyza bonariensis (L.) Cronquist Berberidaceae Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronquist Nandina domestica Thunb. (Skojac 776, CBHRL) Conyza ramosissima Cronquist Betulaceae Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt. Alnus gutinosa (L.) Gaertn. (Lambert s.n., SWLS) Croptilon divaricatum (Nutt.) Raf. Betula nigra L. (Bryson 4525, SWSL) Dracopis amplexicaulis (Vahl) Cass. Eclipta prostrata (L.) L. Bignoniaceae Elephantopus carolinianus Raeusch. Anisostichus capreolata (L.) Bureau (Bryson 5801 & Morris, SWSL) Erechtites hieracifolia (L.) Raf. ex DC. (Wesley s.n., SWSL) Campsis radicans (L.) Seem. ex Bureau Erigeron annuus (L.) Pers. Catalpa bignonioides Walter (Bryson 5668 & Morris, SWSL) Erigeron philadelphicus L. Catalpa speciosa (Warder) Wader ex Engelm. Erigeron strigosus Muhl. ex Willd. Boraginaceae Eupatorium capillifolium (Lam.) Small Hackelia virginiana (L.) I. M. Johnst. Eupatorium serotinum Michx. Heliotropium indicum L. Fleischmannia incarnatum (Walter) King & H. Rob. Heliotropium procumbens Mill. Gamochaeta purpureum (L.) Cabrera Myosotis macrosperma Engelm. Helenium amarum (Raf.) H. Rock Helianthus annuus L. Brassicaceae Helianthus grosseserratus M. Martens (s. coll., SWSL) Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. Helianthus hirsutus Raf. (Saucier 13, SWSL) Brassica napus L. var. napus Helianthus tuberosus L. Brassica nigra (L.) W. D. J. Koch Heterotheca camporum (Greene) Shinners (Bryson 7190, SWSL) Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik. Iva annua L. Cardamine hirsuta L (Bryson 5106, SWSL) Krigia caespitosa (Raf.) K. L. Chambers Draba brachycarpa Nutt. ex Torr. & A. Gray (Bryson 13390, SWSL) Lactuca canadensis L. Lepidium austrinum Small (Bryson & Elmore 1991) Lactuca floridana (L.) Gaertn. Lepidium densiflorum Schrad. (Bryson 15423, SWSL) Lactuca serriola L. Lepidium didymum L. Bryson and Skojac, Flora of Washington Co., Mississippi 861

Lepidium oblongum Small (Bryson 11523, SWSL) quamoclit L. (Bryson 5100, SWSL) Lepidium virginicum L. Ipomoea turbinata Lag. Noebeckia aquatica (Eaton) Greene (Bryson 8863, SWSL) Ipomoea wrightii A. Gray Rorippa islandica (Oeder) Borbás Ipomoea x leucantha Jacq. (Lydon s.n., SWSL) Rorippa sessiliflora (Nutt.) Hitchc. Jacquemontia tamnifolia (L.) Griesb. (Elmore s.n., SWSL) Sibara virginica (L.) Rollins Cornaceae Sinapis arvensis L. subsp. arvensis Cornus drummondii C. A. Mey. Sisymbrium altissimum L. (Coleman s.n., SWSL) Cornus L. Sisymbrium officinale (L.) Scop. Cornus stricta Lam. Callitrichaceae Cucurbitaceae Callitriche heterophylla Pursh (Bryson 17762, SWSL) Cayaponia quinqueloba (Raf.) Shinners Callitriche terrestris Raf. (Bryson 5472, SWSL) Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai var. citroides (L. H. Bailey) Campanulaceae Mansf. (Bryson 10261, SWSL) Lobelia cardinalis L. (Bryson 4862, SWSL) Cucumis melo L. Triodanis biflora (Ruiz & Pav.) Greene (Bryson 5360, SWSL) Cucurbita pepo L. var. ovifera (L.) Hartz Triodanis perfoliata (L.) Nieuwl. Cucurbita pepo L. var. texana (Scheele) D. Decker (Bryson 12500, SWSL) Cannabaceae Melothria pendula L. Cannabis sativa L. (s. coll.; confirmed DEA other law enforcement Sicyos angulatus L. agencies) Ebenaceae Capparaceae Diospyros virginiana L. Cleome hassleriana Chod. Ericaceae Caprifoliaceae Vaccinium arboreum Marshall (Carter et al. 1990) Lonicera japonica Thunb. Lonicera mackii (Rupr.) Herber (Carter et al. 1990) Euphorbiaceae Lonicera sempervirens L. (Bryson 23773 & Gardiner, SWSL) Acalypha gracilens A. Gray Sambucus nigra L. subsp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli Acalypha ostryifolia Riddell ex J. M. Coult. Viburnum rufidulum Raf. (Bryson 5713 Morris & Stewart) Acalypha rhomboidea Raf. Caperonia castranifolia (L.) St.-Hil. (Elmore 283, SWSL) Caryophyllaceae Caperonia palustris (L.) St.-Hil. (Skojac et al. 2007) Cerastium dubium (Bast.) Guépin (Bryson 15723, SWSL) Chamaesyce humistrata A. Gray Cerastium glomeratum Thuill. Chamaesyce hyssopifolia (L.) Small Sagina decumbens (Elliott) Torr. & A.Gray Chamaesyce maculata (L.) Small Saponaria officinalis L. Chamaesyce nutans (Lag.) Small (Bryson 7186, SWSL) Silene antirrhina L. (Saucier 26, SWSL) Chamaesyce serpens (Kunth) Small (McDaniel 26446, SWSL) Stellaria media (L.) Vill. (Bryson 5114, SWSL) Croton capitatus Michx. Celastraceae Croton glandulosa L. var. septentrionalis Müll. Euonymus japonicus Thunb. Croton monanthogynus Michx. (Bryson 8352, SWSL) Ceratophyllaceae Croton willdenowii G. L. Webster Ceratophyllum demersum L. Euphorbia dentata Michx. Chenopodiaceae Euphorbia heterophylla L. (Gasperini 23, SWSL) Chenopodium album L. Phyllanthus urinaria L. (Bryson 8272, SWSL) Chenopodium ambrosioides L. Ricinus communis L. Chenopodium standleyanum Aellen (Bryson,7149, SWSL) Triadica sebifera (L.) Small Cycloloma atriplicifolium (Spreng.) J. M. Coult. Fabaceae Clusiaceae Albizia julibrissin Durazz. Hypericum hypericoides (L.) Crantz (Bryson 5705, Morris & Stewart, Amorpha fruticosa L. SWSL) Arachis hypogaea L. Hypericum mutilum L. Canavalia ensiformis (L.) DC. (Bryson 7235, SWSL) Hypericum punctatum Lam. Cercis canadensis L. Chamaecrista fasciculata (Michx.) Greene Clitoria mariana L. (Gunn 11050, SWSL) Calystegia sepium R. Br. (Elmore & Wiseman 129, SWSL) Crotalaria spectabilis Roth (Bryson 15560, SWSL) Convolvulus arvensis L. Desmanthus illinoensis (Michx.) MacMill. ex B. L. Rob. & Fernald Cuscuta compacta Juss. Desmodium canescens (L.) DC. Cuscuta cuspidata Engelm. Desmodium glabellum (Michx.) DC. Cuscuta gronovii Roem. & Schult. Desmodium laevigatum (Nutt.) DC. (Gunn 10680, SWSL) Dichondra carolinensis Michx. (Bryson 5854, SWSL) Desmodium paniculatum (L.) DC. Dennst. Desmodium tortuosum (Sw.) DC. (L.) Jacq. var. hederacea Dioclea multiflora (Torr. & A. Gray) C. Mohr (Bryson 23759, SWSL) Ipomoea hederacea (L.) Jacq. integriscula A. Gray Gleditsia aquatica Marsh. Ipomoea lancunosa L. (Bryson 21155, SWSL) Gleditsia triacanthos L. (L.) G. Mey. (L.) Roth 862 Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas 5(2)

Glycine max (L.) Merr. Geranium carolinianum L. Kummerowia striata (Thunb.) Hook. & Arn. Geranium dissectum L. Lathyrus aphaca L. Lathyrus hirsutus L. Haloragaceae Medicago arabica (L.) Huds. Proserpinaca palustris L. (Skojac et al. 2007) Medicago lupulina L. Hamamelidaceae Medicago orbicularis (L.) Bartal. (Stadelbacher s.n., SWSL) Liquidambar styraciflua L. Medicago polymorpha L. Medicago sativa L. subsp. sativa Hippocastanaceae Melilotus indicus (L.) All. Aesculus pavia L. (McDaniel 24935 & Hayes, SWSL) Melilotus officinalis (L.) Lam. Hydrophyllaceae Mimosa strigillosa Torr. & A. Gray Hydrolea uniflora Raf. Phaseolus lunatus L. Nemophila menziesii Hook. & Arn. (Bryson 5646, SWSL) Pisum sativum L. (Stadelbacher s.n., SWSL) Pueraria lobata (Lour.) Merr. var. lobata (Willd.) Naesen & S. Almeila Juglandaceae Robinia pseudoacacia L. Carya aquatica (Michx. f.) Nutt. Senna alata (L.) Roxb. (Bryson 7222, SWSL) Carya cordiformis (Wang.) K. Koch (Skojac et al. 2007) Senna obtusifolia (L.) Irwin & Barneby Carya glabra (Mill.) Sweet (Bryson 8632, SWSL) Senna occidentalis (L.) Link Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch Senna torta (L.) Roxb. Carya ovalis Sarg. (Bryson 8634, SWSL) Sesbania drummondii (Rydb.) Cory (Carter et al. 1990) Carya ovata (Mill.) K. Koch (Bryson 7357, SWSL) Sesbania harbacea (Mill.) McVaugh Juglans nigra L. Sesbania punicea (Cav.) Benth. (Jones 173, SWSL) Lamiaceae Sesbania vesicaria (Jacq.) Elliott Ajuga pyramidalis L. (Bryson 5157, SWSL) Strophostyles helvola (L.) Elliott Glechoma hederacea L. (Bryson 5213, SWSL) Trifolium arvense L. Lamium amlexicaule L. Trifolium campestre Schreb. Lamium purpureum L. Trifolium dubium Sibth. (Gunn 10517, SWSL) Lycopus rubellus Moench Trifolium incarnatum L. Lycopus virginicus L. (Skojac 1018, CBHRL) Trifolium nigrescens Viv. (Bryson 5651, SWSL) Melissa officinalis L. (Bryson 8121, SWSL) Trifolium pratense L. Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton (Bryson 8367, SWSL) Trifolium repens L. Physostegia virginiana (L.) Benth. Trifolium resupinatum L. Prunella vulgaris L. (Skojac 461, CBHRL) Trifolium vesiculosum Savi (Kurtz s.n., SWSL) Stachys tenuifolia Willd. Vicia faba L. (Bryson 16177, SWSL) Teucrium canadense L. Vicia sativa L. subsp. nigra (L.) Ehrh. Vicia villosa Roth subsp. varia (Host) Corb. Lauraceae Vigna unguicalata (L.) Walp. Sassafrass albidum (Nutt.) Nees var. molle (Raf.) Fernald Wisteria frutescens (L.) Poir. (Skojac 571, CBHRL) Lentibulariaceae Fagaceae Utricularia gibba L. Castanea mollissima Blume (Bryson 7356, SWSL) Loranthaceae Quercus acutissima Carruth. (Bryson 4700; SWSL) Phoradendron tomentosum (DC.) Engelm. ex A. Gray (Skojac 340, Quercus alba L. f. CBHRL) Quercus bicolor Willd. (Bryson23765 & Gardiner, SWSL) Lythraceae Quercus coccinea Müenchh. Ammannia coccinea Rottb. Quercus falcata Michx. Cuphea carthagenensis (Jacq.) F. J. Macb. (Bryson 10550, SWSL) Quercus imbricata Michx. Lagerstroemia indica L. Quercus laurifolia Michx. Lythrum alatum Pursh var. lanceolatum (Elliott) Torr. & A. Gray ex Quercus lyrata Walter Rothr. Quercus michauxii Nutt. (Bryson 5003, SWSL) Quercus nigra L. Magnoliaceae Quercus pagoda Raf. (Bryson 5005 & Newton) Liriodendron tulipifera L. Quercus phellos L. (Bryson 4537; 4645) Magnolia grandiflora L. Quercus rubra L. Magnolia macrophylla Michx. (Bryson23769 & Gardiner, SWSL) Quercus shumardii Buckley (Bryson 4544; 4564; 5812) Magnolia virginiana L. (Bryson 13927, SWSL) Quercus similis Ashe (Bryson 4996, SWSL) Michelia figo (Lour.) Spreng. (Bryson 15784, SWSL) Quercus texana Buckley (McDaniel 1981 SWSL) [=Quercus nuttallii Malvaceae Palmer] Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench Quercus velutina Lam. (Carter et al. 1990) Abutilon theophrastii Medik. Quercus virginiana Mill. Anoda cristata (L.) Schltdl. Fumariaceae Gossypium hirsutum L. Corydalis flavula (Raf.) DC. (Bryson 23276, SWSL) Hibiscus laevis All. Hibiscus lasiocarpos Cav. Geraniaceae Hibiscus syriacus L. Erodium cicutarium (L.) L’Hér. (Laster s.n., SWSL) Bryson and Skojac, Flora of Washington Co., Mississippi 863

Hibiscus trionum L. Passifloraceae Malaviscus arboreus Dill ex Cav. var. drummondii (Torr. & A. Gray) Passiflora incarnata L. Schery Passiflora lutea L. Modiola caroliniana (L.) G. Don Penthoraceae Sida rhombifolia L. Penthorum sedoides L. Sida spinosa L. Phytoloccaceae Martyniaceae Phytolacca americana L. Proboscidea louisianica (Mill.) Thell. Meliaceae Plantago aristata Michx. Melia azedarach L. Plantago heterophylla Nutt. Menispermaceae Plantago lanceolata L. (Bryson 4476 & Hastings, SWSL) Cocculus carolinus (L.) DC. Plantago rugelii Decne. Menispermum canadense L. (Skojac et al. 2007) Plantago virginica L. Molluginaceae Plantanaceae Mollugo verticillata L. Platanus occidentalis L. Moraceae Polygonaceae Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) L’Hér. ex Vent Brunnichia ovata (Walter) Shinners Fatoua villosa (Thunb.) Nakai (Carter et al. 1990) Polygonum aviculare L. Ficus carica L. Polygonum cespitosum Blume var. longisetum (Bruijn) A. N. Steward Maclura pomifera (Raf.) C.K. Schneid. Polygonum erectum L. (Bryson 8114, SWSL) Morus alba L. Polygonum glabrum Willd. Morus rubra L. Polygonum hydropiperoides Michx. Polygonum lapathifolium L. Myrtaceae Polygonum pensylvanicum L. Eucalyptus glaucescens Maiden & Blakely (Bryson 23772 & Gardiner, Polygonum persicaria L. (Bryson 5096 & Newton, SWSL) SWSL) Polygonum punctatum Elliott (Clarke s.n., SWSL) Najadaceae Polygonum scandens L. var. cristatum (Engelm. & A. Gray) Gleason Najas flexilis Rostk. & W.L.E. Schmidt (Barnes 8, SWSL) Polygonum setaceum Kunth Najas guadalupensis (Spreng.) Magnus (Schrader s.n., SWSL) Polygonum virginianum L. Nyctaginaceae Rumex altissimus Alph. Wood Boerhavia erecta L. Rumex crispus L. Mirabilis jalapa L. Rumex obtusifolius L. Rumex pulcher L. Nyssaceae Rumex verticillatus L. (Bryson 7360, SWSL) Nyssa aquatica L. Nyssa sylvatica Marshall (Bryson23766 & Gardiner, SWSL) Portulacaceae Calandrinia ciliata (Ruiz & Pav.) DC. (Bryson 23315, SWSL) Oleaceae Claytonia virginica L. (Bryson 5190, SWSL) Forestiera acuminata (Michx.) Poir. Portulaca oleracea L. Fraxinus americana L. (Bryson 4864, SWSL) Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marshall Primulaceae Fraxinus profunda (Bush) Bush Samolus valerandi L. subsp. parviflorus (Raf.) Hultén Ligustrum japonicum Thunb. Ranunculaceae Ligustrum lucidum Aiton (Skojac 723, CBHRL) Clematis crispa L. Ligustrum sinense Lour. Clematis terniflora DC. var. terniflora Onagraceae Clematis x jackmanii T. Moore (Bryson 8122, SWSL) Gaura mollis James Myosurus minimus L. Ludwigia decurrens Walter Ranunculus abortivus L. Ludwigia glandulosa Walter Ranunculus arvensis L. Ludwigia leptocarpa (Nutt.) H. Hara Ranunculus bulbosus L. Ludwigia palustris (L.) Elliott Ranunculus muricatus L. (Skojac 1223, CBHRL) Ludwigia peploides (Kunth) P.H. Raven var. glabrescens (Kuntze) Ranunculus parviflorus L. (Bryson 14819, SWSL) P.H. Raven Ranunculus pusillus Poir. Ludwigia repens J.R. Forst (Elmore 259, SWSL) Ranunculus recurvatus Poir. Oenothera biennis L. Ranunculus sardous Crantz Oenothera laciniata Hill Ranunculus sceleratus L. Oenothera speciosa Nutt. Rhamnaceae Oxalidaceae Berchemia scandens (Hill) K. Koch Oxalis dillenii Jacq. Rosaceae Oxalis rubra A. St.-Hil. Crataegus marshallii Eggl. (Carter et al. 1990) Oxalis stricta L. (Bryson 4841 & Morris, SWSL) Crataegus viridis L. Duchesnea indica (Andrews) Focke Geum canadense Jacq. 864 Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas 5(2)

Photinia pyrifolia (Lam.) K. R. Robertson & J. B. Phipps (Gunn 10592, Simaroubaceae SWSL) Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle (Bryson 8185, SWSL) Prunus angustifolia Marshall (Bryson 5816 & Morris, SWSL) Solanaceae Prunus caroliniana Aiton Capsicum annuum L. (Bryson 15652, SWSL) Prunus mexicana S. Watson (Carter et al. 1990) Datura strumonium L. var. tatula (L.) Torr. Prunus persica (L.) Batsch Physalis angulata L. Pyracantha coccinea M. Roem. Physalis heterophylla Nees Pyrus calleryana Decne. (Bryson23770 & Gardiner, SWSL) Physalis philadelphica Lam. (Bryson 17285, SWSL) Pyrus communis L. Physalis pubescens L. Rosa multiflora Thunb. Physalis longifolia Nutt. var. subglabrata (Mack. & Bush) Cronquist Rubus argutus Link Solanum americanum Mill. Rubus trivialis Michx. Solanum carolinense L. Solanum dimidiatum Raf. (Bryson 15820, SWSL) Cephalanthus occidentalis L. Solanum elaegnifolium Cav. Diodia teres Walter Solanum ptycanthum Dunal Diodia virginiana L. Solanum rostratum Dunal Galium aparine L. Solanum sisymbriifolium Lam. (Bryson 15457, SWSL) Galium circaezans Michx. Sphenocleaceae Galium obtusum Bigelow (Bryson 5673 & Morris, SWSL) Sphenoclea zeylandica Gaertn. Galium tinctorum (L.) Scop. (Skojac 197; 1100, CBHRL) Galium triflorum Michx. Sterculiaceae micrantha (Shinners) Terrell (Bryson 5346, SWSL) Firmiana platanifolia (L.) W. Wight (Bryson 8350, SWSL) Richardia scabra L. Styracaceae Sherardia arvensis L. (Bryson 14817, SWSL) Styrax americana Lam. glabra Michx. Tiliaceae Rutaceae Tilia americana L. var. heterophylla (Vent.) Louden Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf. Zanthoxylum clava-herculis L. Ulmaceae Celtis laevigata Willd. Salicaceae Planera aquatica J. F. Gmel. Populus alba L. Ulmus alata Michx. Populus deltoides Bartram ex Marsh. Ulmus americana L. Salix discolor Muhl. (Bryson 4529, SWSL) Ulmus crassifolia Nutt. Salix fragilis L. (Bryson 4530, SWSL) Salix interior Rowlee Urticaceae Salix nigra Marsh. Boehmeria cylindrica (L.) Sw. Salix x sepulcralis Simonk. (Bryson 23771 & Gardiner, SWSL) Laportea canadensis (L.) Wedd. (Saucier 14, SWSL) Parietaria pensylvanica Willd. (Skojac 1106, SWSL) Sapindaceae Pilea pumila (L.) A. Gray (Skojac 1106, SWSL) Cardiospermum halicababum L. Urtica chamaerdryoides Pursh Sapotaceae Urtica dioica L. subsp. gracilis (Aiton) Steud. Sideroxylon lanuginosum Michx. (Bryson 4834, SWSL) Valerianaceae Sideroxylon lycioides L. Valerianella radiata (L.) Dufr. Saururaceae Verbenaceae Saururus cernuus L. Callicarpa americana L. (Carter et al. 1990) Scrophulariaceae Phyla lanceolata (Michx.) Greene Bacopa rotundifolia Wettst. Phyla nudaflora (L.) Greene (Morris 2906 &Bryson, SWSL) Gratiloa neglecta Torr. L. (Bryson 23776, SWSL) Gratiola virginiana L. Verbena bracteata Cav. ex Lag. & Rodr. Leucospora multifida (Michx.) Nutt. Verbena brasiliensis Vell. Lindernia dubia (L.) Pennell var. anagallidea (Michx.) Cooperr. Verbena urticifolia L. Lindernia dubia (L.) Pennell var. dubia Verbena xutha Lehm. Mazus pumilus (Burman f.) Stennis Vitex agnus-castus L. (Libous-Bailey s.n., SWSL) Mimulus alatus Aiton Violaceae Nuttallanthus canadensis (L.) D. A . Sutton Viola arvensis Murray (Bryson 8120, SWSL) Paulownia tomentosa (Thunb.) Siebold & Zacc. ex Steud. (Skojac Viola bicolor Pursh (Bryson 5132, SWSL) 1139, CBHRL) Viola missouriensis Greene laevigatus Aiton Viloa soria Willd. Penstemon tenuis Small (Bryson 5649, SWSL) Scrophularia marilandica L. Vitaceae Verbascum thaspsus L. Ampelopsis arborea (L.) Koehne Veronica hederaefolia L. (Bryson 5211, SWSL) Ampelopsis cordata Michx. Veronica perigrina L. Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.) Planch. Veronica persica Poir. (Bryson 13439, SWSL) Vitis aestivalis Michx. Bryson and Skojac, Flora of Washington Co., Mississippi 865

Vitis cinerea (Engelm.) Engelm. ex Mill. (Bryson 4830, SWSL) Zygophyllaceae Vitis palmata Vahl Tribulus terrestris L. Vitis rotundifolia Michx.

Table 2. Species cited in Gunn et al. (1980) from adjacent or Delta Region counties have not been detected within Washington County, Mississippi. PTERIDOFITAS Ericaceae Monotropa uniflora L. Ophioglossaceae Botrychium dissectum Spreng. Euphorbiaceae Acalypha gracilens A. Gray LILIOPSIDA Euphorbia marginata Pursh Phyllanthus carolinensis Walter Commelinaceae Commelina erecta L. Fabaceae Apios americana Medik. Cyperaceae Centrosema virginianum (L.) Benth. Cyperus echinatus (L.) Wood Desmodium perplexum G. B. Schub. Juncaceae Galactia volubilis (L.) Britton Juncus dichotomus Elliott Vicia grandiflora Scop. Juncus nodatus Coville Vicia ludoviciana Nutt. Lemnaceae Hydrophyllaceae Lemna perpusilla Torr. Nemophila aphylla (L.) Brummitt Wolffiella gladiata (Hegelm.) Hegelm. Lamiaceae Orchidaceae Monarda citriodora Cav. ex Lag. Listera australis Lindl. Scutellaria lateriflora L. Tipularia discolor (Pursh) Nutt. Lauraceae Poaceae Lindera melissifolia (Walter) Blume Agrostis gigantea Roth Lythraceae Coelarachis cylindrica (Michx.) Nees Ammannia auriculata Willd. Eragrostis capillaris (L.) Nees Rotala ramosior (L.) Koehne Eriochloa contracta Hitchc. Saccharum baldwinii Spreng. Malvaceae Saccharum giganteum (Walter) P. Beauv. Sida elliottii Torr. & A. Gray Steinchisma hians (Elliott) Nash Melostomataceae MAGNOLIOPSIDA Rhexia mariana L. Ongraceae Apiaceae Gaura longiflora Spach Cicuta maculata L. Cryptotaenia canadensis (L.) DC. Polygonaceae Eryngium prostratum DC. Polygonum hydropiper L. Rumex conglomeratus Murray Asteraceae Ageratina altissima (L.) King & H. Rob. var. altissima Primulaceae Carduus nutans L. Lysimachia radicans Hook. Crepis pulchra L Erigeron tenuis Torr. & A. Gray Ranunculaceae Pseudognaphalium obtusifolium (L.) Hilliard & B. L. Burtt Ranunculus flabellaris Raf. Brassicaceae Scrophulariaceae Cardamine parviflora L. subsp. arenicola (Britton) Schulz Agalinis tenuifolia (Vahl) Raf. Erysimum repandum L. Nuttallanthus texanus (Scheele) D. A. Sutton Nasturtium officinale W. T. Aiton Scrophularia marilandica L. Rorippa sylvestris (L.) Besser Caryophyllaceae Verbenaceae Cerastium viscosum L. Verbena halei Small Clusiaceae Violaceae Hypericum walteri (J. G. Gmel.) Gleason Viola affinis Leconte Viola cucullata Aiton 866 Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas 5(2)

acknowledgments We thank Richard Carter, Brad Coleman, Dennis Elmore, Emile S. Gardiner, J. Paige Goodlett, John Gwaltney, Lavon Lambert, Lynn Libous-Bailey, Sidney McDaniel, John MacDonald, M. Wayne Morris, Les Saucier, Heather Sullivan, and Randy Warren for help with field work; farmers, agricultural consultants, and personnel from various agricultural chemical companies for the opportunity for us to identify weedy species over the past two decades. We would also like to thank two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments.

references

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