Abordagens De Análise Aplicadas À Sinfonia Nº 2, Op

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Abordagens De Análise Aplicadas À Sinfonia Nº 2, Op UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL PAULISTA INSTITUTO DE ARTES Campus de São Paulo Programa de Pós-Graduação em Música - Doutorado GUILHERME DANIEL BRETERNITZ MANNIS ABORDAGENS DE ANÁLISE APLICADAS À SINFONIA Nº 2, OP. 73, EM RÉ MAIOR, DE JOHANNES BRAHMS SÃO PAULO 2019 GUILHERME DANIEL BRETERNITZ MANNIS ABORDAGENS DE ANÁLISE APLICADAS À SINFONIA Nº 2, OP. 73, EM RÉ MAIOR, DE JOHANNES BRAHMS Tese apresentada ao Curso de Pós-Graduação em Música do Instituto de Artes da Universidade Estadual Paulista – Unesp, como requisito parcial para obtenção do título de Doutor em Música. Área de Conhecimento: Relações Interdisciplinares. Linha de Pesquisa: Música, Epistemologia e Cultura. Orientadora: Profª. Drª. Yara Borges Caznók São Paulo 2019 Ficha catalográfica preparada pelo Serviço de Biblioteca e Documentação do Instituto de Artes da UNESP M284a Mannis, Guilherme Daniel Breternitz, 1980- Abordagens de análise aplicadas à Sinfonia nº2, Op. 73, em ré maior, de Johannes Brahms / Guilherme Daniel Breternitz Mannis. - São Paulo, 2019. 273 f. : il. Orientadora: Profª. Drª. Yara Borges Caznók. Tese (Doutorado em Música) – Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Instituto de Artes. 1. Brahms, Johannes - 1833-1897. 2. Música - Análise, apreciação. 3. Composição (Música). 4. Sinfonias. I. Caznók, Yara Borges. II. Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Artes. III. Título. CDD 780.15 (Laura Mariane de Andrade - CRB 8/8666) iii FOLHA DE APROVAÇÃO Tese aprovada como requisito parcial para obtenção do título em Doutor em Música no curso de Pós-Graduação em Música do Instituto de Artes da Universidade Estadual Paulista – Unesp, com a Área de Conhecimento: Relações Interdisciplinares, e Linha de Pesquisa: Música, Epistemologia e Cultura, pela seguinte banca: Profª Drª. Yara Borges Caznók Unesp/IA - Orientadora Profª. Drª. Graziela Bortz Unesp/IA Prof. Dr. Maurício Funcia de Bonis Unesp/IA Prof. Dr. André Luiz de Campello Duarte Cardoso UFRJ/EM Prof. Dr. Leonardo Martinelli FASM iv Agradecimentos Ao Estado de São Paulo, que propiciou uma grande parte de minha formação musical; ao Estado de Sergipe, que me acolheu como diretor artístico de sua orquestra estatal desde 2006. A todos os músicos de variadas orquestras, com os quais trabalhei em toda a minha carreira, meu carinhoso agradecimento e minha deferência. Aos músicos, gestores e público da Orquestra Sinfônica de Sergipe, pelos mais de 12 anos de caminhada conjunta. À minha orientadora, Profª Drª Yara Caznók, pelo incentivo e enorme dedicação nesta orientação. Ao prof. Dr. Edson Zampronha, pela orientação dos trabalhos anteriores a esta Tese, e à brilhante ideia de se propor a intersecção de resultados de procedimentos metodológicos. Aos meus pais, pelo incentivo e acolhida, nos muitos percalços da carreira de regente sinfônico. v RESUMO Uma das maneiras de ampliar a compreensão sobre um texto musical é abrir o leque de perspectivas de abordagem analítica frente a uma mesma obra, para que maiores possibilidades interpretativas possam advir. Partindo-se desta premissa, esta tese tem como principal objetivo a aplicação de diferentes procedimentos analítico-musicais a uma mesma composição, e posterior inter-relação entre seus resultados, cotejando as diferentes visões e interpretações encontradas. Para tanto, selecionou-se uma obra tradicional do repertório sinfônico romântico: a Sinfonia nº 2, op. 73, em Ré maior, de Johannes Brahms. Foram realizados três estudos analíticos completos de seus 4 Movimentos: Análise Formal, de acordo com Arnold Schönberg (1996), William Caplin (1998), Charles Rosen (1988) e James Hepokoski e Warren Darcy (2006); Análise Motívica, segundo Rudolph Reti (1978); e, por fim, Análise Schenkeriana, conforme Heinrich Schenker (1935), Allen Forte e Steven Gilbert (1982), Felix Salzer (1982) e David Neumeyer e Susan Tepping (1992). Posteriormente, os dados encontrados foram comparados, procurando indicar algumas possibilidades de leitura da obra por meio da intersecção das visões específicas. Ao final, esses resultados analíticos foram confrontados com três gravações realizadas por diferentes orquestras, em épocas distintas, tendo à frente regentes reconhecidos como grandes intérpretes da obra de Brahms: Orquestra Sinfônica Columbia, Bruno Walter (1960), Orquestra Filarmônica de Berlim, Claudio Abbado (1989) e Orquestra Sinfônica de Boston, Andris Nelsons (2017). Observou-se se essas performances teriam afinidades com as posturas analíticas estudadas, e verificou-se em quais aspectos as considerações advindas das inter-relações entre procedimentos analíticos poderiam indicar diferentes concepções estético-formais para as interpretações analisadas. Palavras-chave: Análise Musical; Intersecção entre Procedimentos Metodológicos Formal, Motívico e Schenkeriano; Análise de Gravações; Brahms, Sinfonia nº 2 vi ABSTRACT A good way to expand the comprehension of a musical text is to open the range of analytical perspectives on approaching the same work, so that greater interpretative possibilities may arise. Starting from this premise, the main goal of this thesis consists in applying different analytic-musical procedures to the same composition, and later interrelationship between its results, comparing the different visions and interpretations founded. For this, a traditional work of the romantic symphonic repertoire was selected: Symphony No. 2, op. 73, in D major, by Johannes Brahms. Three complete analytical studies were built of its 4 Movements: Formal Analysis, according to Arnold Schönberg (1996), William Caplin (1998), Charles Rosen (1988) and James Hepokoski and Warren Darcy (2006); Motivic Analysis, according to Rudolph Reti (1978); and finally, Schenkerian Analysis, according to Heinrich Schenker (1935), Allen Forte and Steven Gilbert (1982), Felix Salzer (1982) and David Neumeyer and Susan Tepping (1992). After that, the data found were compared, trying to indicate some possibilities of reading the work through the intersection of those specific views. Finally, those analytical results were confronted with three recordings performed by different orchestras at different times, with conductors recognized as great performers of Brahms' work: Columbia Symphony Orchestra, Bruno Walter (1960), Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra, Claudio Abbado (1989) and Boston Symphony Orchestra, Andris Nelsons (2017). It was observed if these performances would have affinities with the analytical positions, and it was verified in which aspects the considerations found in from the interrelationships between analytical procedures could indicate different aesthetic-formal conceptions for the analyzed interpretations. Keywords: Musical Analysis; Intersection between Formal, Motivic and Schenkerian Methodological Procedures; Recording Analysis; Brahms, Symphony No. 2 vii SUMÁRIO Introdução ...................................................................................................................... 1 1 Breve contextualização da Sinfonia nº 2, op. 73, em Ré maior, de Johannes Brahms............................................................................................................................ 9 2 Realização das Análises............................................................................................... 17 2.1 Realização da Análise Formal....................................................................................... 19 2.1.1 Breve contextualização do procedimento metodológico............................................... 19 2.1.2 Análise Formal............................................................................................................... 21 2.2 Realização da Análise Motívica.................................................................................... 67 2.2.1 Breve contextualização do procedimento metodológico............................................... 67 2.2.2 Análise Motívica............................................................................................................ 70 2.3 Realização da Análise Schenkeriana............................................................................ 115 2.3.1 Breve contextualização do procedimento metodológico............................................. 115 2.3.2 Análise Schenkeriana................................................................................................... 121 3 Análise Comparativa entre os resultados e dados encontrados.............................. 201 3.1 Considerações sobre inter-relações de procedimentos metodológicos analíticos aplicados à Sinfonia nº 2, de Brahms........................................................................................... 202 3.2 Compilação de diferentes propostas interpretativas a partir da realização das análises e de seus resultados....................................................................................................... 204 4 Comparações dos resultados com gravações da Sinfonia nº 2................................ 227 Conclusões............................................................................................................... 255 Bibliografia............................................................................................................. 261 1 INTRODUÇÃO O fortalecimento da independência de juízo ante a obra, o descobrimento de todas as fontes de seu conhecimento é uma missão importante da educação musical (SWAROWSKY, 1989, pp. 10-11)1. O termo “Análise Musical”, em senso geral, abarca um grande número de diversas atividades. [...] representam fundamentalmente diferentes
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