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Sporobolus Indicus (L.) R. Br.(Gramineae), a New

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Sporobolus Indicus (L.) R. Br.(Gramineae), a New Arch. Biol. Sci., Belgrade, 65 (4), 1511-1514, 2013 DOI:10.2298/ABS1304511P SPOROBOLUS INDICUS (L.) R. BR. (GRAMINEAE), A NEW ADVENTIVE SPECIES IN THE FLORA OF SERBIA R. PERIĆ1, BILJANA PANJKOVIĆ1, S. ŠKONDRIĆ2,3 and VIDA STOJŠIĆ1 1Institute for Nature Conservation of Vojvodina Province, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia 2Institute of Botany and Botanical Garden “Jevremovac”, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia 3 Faculty of Sciences, University of Banja Luka, 78000 Banja Luka, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina Abstract - During field studies of semi-saline meadows and marshes carried out along the Ponjavica River in the vicinity of Banatski Brestovac (Vojvodina, Serbia), we found several specimens of Sporobolus indicus (L.) R. Br. The plant grows in transitional zones between disturbed damp mesotrophic grassland vegetation and semiaquatic communities belonging to the alliance Bolboschoenion maritimi continentale Soó. This adventive and potentially invasive species with a worldwide distribution has never before been recorded in Serbia. Key words: Sporobolus indicus, adventive flora, Vojvodina, Serbia INTRODUCTION near Banatski Brestovac (Vojvodina) in 2012, we found a few specimens of Sporobolus indicus (L.) R. The genus Sporobolus R. Br. (subfam. Chloridoideae Br. (Map. 1). A review of literature data indicates that Rouy: tribe Zoysieae Miq.: subtribe Sporobolinae this taxon had not yet been recorded in Serbia. Bentham) includes almost 200 species distributed in tropical, subtropical and temperate regions of the MATERIALS AND METHODS world (Simon et al., 2011 onwards; Peterson et al., 1997). According to the recent cpDNA and nITS Herbarium material is deposited in the Institute for DNA sequences data, this is a polyphyletic genus Nature Conservation of Vojvodina province in Novi with its center of diversity in tropical regions of the Sad (PZZP). The taxon description follows Hansen world (Peterson et al., 2010). The pantropical species (1980), Rozhevits (1934) and Clayton et al. (2006 complex of S. indicus (L.) R. Br. consists of numerous onwards), with some additional comments based on intergrading taxa with many intermediates which the specimen collected by the authors. Distribution are sometimes recognized as varieties of S. indicus data in Serbia are mapped on a 10 × 10 km UTM grid s.l. (Zhenlan and Phillipps, 2006). The only autoch- system (Lampinen, 2001). thonous representatives of the tribe Zoysieae in Ser- bia belong to the genus Crypsis Aiton (Cincović and RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Kojić, 1976a; 1976b). Sporobolus indicus (L.) R. Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holl. During our floristic investigation of semi-saline 170 (1810). meadows and marshes along the Ponjavica River 1511 1512 R. PERIĆ ET AL. Fig. 1. Left and down, right: Sporobolus indicus (L.) R. Br. – specimen from Banatski Brestovac (photo Timotić D.); upper right: known distribution in Serbia (Vojvodina). Synonyms – Agrostis indica L., Sp. Pl. 63 (1753) [ba- 56. 99’ N, 020º 48’ 10. 17’ N, 68 m. a. s. l. (Perić, R. sion.]; A. tenacissima L. fil., Suppl. Pl. 107 (1781); A. 19-Oct-2012, PZZP) (Fig. 1). tenuissima Spreng., Syst. Veg. 1: 258 (1825); Andro- pogon intortum Crantz, Inst. Rei Herb. 1: 398 (1766); Description – Perennial (rarely annual) caespi- Paspalum lanceaefolium Desv., Mém. Soc. Agric. tose erect plant. Stems glabrous, slightly compressed, Angers 1: 162 (1831); Sporobolus angustatus Buck- 30-60 (100) cm tall. Leaves basal and cauline, linear, ley, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 14: 88 (1862 more or less involute, 8-30 (50) cm long and 1-6 mm [1863]); Vilfa berteroana Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. wide, aculeolate on margins and upper surface with Sci. Saint-Petersburg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math., Seconde Pt. long attenuate to filiform apex. Ligule with a row of Sci. Nat. 5 (2): 100 (1840); V. exilis Trin., op. cit. 89 hairs up to 0.5 mm long. Inflorescence a spiciform (1840); V. orientalis Nees ex Trin.; op. cit. 65 (1840); linear-cylindrical pale green to grayish panicle, 10- V. indica (L.) Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pe- 30 cm long and about 3 mm wide (in literature up tersburg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math., Seconde Pt. Sci. Nat. 6,4 to 8 mm), usually somewhat open and lax at base. (1-2): 96 (1840). Panicle branches appressed, spirally arranged, 1-2 cm long, more or less flexuous, sparsely aculeolate, Voucher specimens – Banat: UTM 34T DQ85 Ba- bearing spikelets almost to the base. Spikelets soli- natski Brestovac, near Ponjavica, local beach, 44º 42’ tary, awnless, shortly pedicelled (1.5) 1.8-2 (2.5) mm SPOROBOLUS INDICUS (L.) R. BR. (GRAMINEAE), A NEW ADVENTIVE SPECIES IN THE FLORA OF SERBIA 1513 long, comprising 1 fertile floret, lanceolate, subterete, Chenopodium glaucum L., Cynodon dactylon (L.) glabrous. Glumes unequal, 1-veined, ovate, whitish, Pers., Festuca arundinacea Schreb. subsp. arundi- hyaline, 1/3-1/2 long as lemma. Lower glume obtuse, nacea, Lycopus europaeus L., Potentilla anserina L., finely serrulate, upper lanceolate, acute. Lemma ob- Scirpus holoschoenus L., S. lacustris L. subsp. tab- scurely 1-veined, ovate, membranous, acute. Palea ernaemontani (C. C. Gmel.) Syme, Trifolium frag- subequal or equal to the lemma, obscurely veined, iferum L. ovate, membranous, minutely bifid at apex. Stamens (2) 3. Anthers 0.5 mm long. Rhachilla disarticulating Introduction pathways – High seed productivity, above the glumes. Grain oblong-elliptical, obtuse, sticky gelatinous pericarp and late ripening greatly about 1.3 mm long, enclosed in a light brown gelati- contribute to the potential dispersal of S. indicus nous free pericarp. 2n=36. Flowering time: VIII-IX by migrating birds and other animals that inhabit (in literature III-XII). Seed dispersal: epizoochory, marshes and riverbanks (Walton, 2001). The signifi- endozoochory, hydrochory, antropochory (Walton, cance of epizoochory and endozoochory in the long- 2001). Lectotype: LINN-84.36 “Agrostis sp.”, desig- distance transport of marsh plants is especially em- nated by Hubbard (1967). Isolectotype: SI fragm. phasized by some authors (Vivian-Smith and Stiles, (Peterson et al., 2004). 1994; Mueller and Van der Valk, 2002; Wongsriphuek et al., 2008; Brochet et al., 2009; 2010; Figuerola et al., Distribution – Originating from tropical and 2010). The Danube with its adjacent area (including subtropical regions of the world, S. indicus is cur- the Ponjavica River) forms one of the most impor- rently widespread on all continents and many is- tant bird migration corridors in Europe (Sommer- lands and considered invasive in numerous coun- werk et al., 2009). The next (and another) record of tries (Rozhevits, 1934; Walton, 2001; Peterson et al., S. indicus in the Danube valley is near Kolarovo in 2004; Clayton et al., 2006-onwards). In Europe it was northeastern Bulgaria (Vălev, 1963). recorded in the Azores, Portugal, Spain, France, Italy, Bulgaria (Hansen, 1980), Slovenia (Glasnović Recent activities connected with the construction and Jogan, 2009), Croatia (Starmühler, 2003), Mon- of a beach on the riverbank of Ponjavica involving tenegro (Niketić, 1998), Macedonia (Niketić, M. the deposition of gravel, which may have contained pers. comm.) and Greece (Krigas and Kokkini, 2004; the seeds of S. indicus, could be considered as a pos- Bergmeier, 2007). sible introduction pathway. Habitat – Open disturbed areas, along river- Acknowledgments - We wish to thank Dr. Marjan Niketić banks, lakeshores, roadsides, pastures and sites from the Natural History Museum in Belgrade for the help subjected to changes that reduce competition, often with chorological data, Darko Timotić for the photographs, on sandy, silty or clay soils (Walton, 2001; Peterson and Dejan Medić for the technical support. et al., 2004). Individuals from Banatski Brestovac were detected on a cleaned riparian zone of Pon- REFERENCES javica river (local beach) between disturbed damp mesotrophic grassland vegetation and semiaquatic Bergmeier, E. (2007). Sporobolus indicus (L.) R. Br. In: Med- communities belonging to the alliance Bolboschoen- Checklist Notulae 26., (Eds. W. Greuter, T. Raus). Willde- nowia 37, 435-444. ion maritimi continentale Soó. Geological substrate is represented with Holocene alluvial silt deposits Brochet, A. L., Guillemain, M., Fritz, H., Gauthier-Clerc, M. and (Ivković et al., 1975). Pedological substrate is allu- A. J. Green (2009). The role of migratory ducks in the long- vial soil on hydromorphic black soil (Nejgebauer distance dispersal of native plants and the spread of exotic plants in Europe. Ecography 32, 919-928. et al., 1971) with remnants of a recently deposited gravel layer (for the purpose of beach construction). Brochet, A. L., Guillemain, M., Fritz, H., Gauthier-Clerc, M. and The following accompanying taxa were recorded: A. J. Green (2010). Plant dispersal by teal (Anas crecca) in 1514 R. PERIĆ ET AL. the Camargue: duck guts are more important than their Niketić, M. (1998). Sporobolus indicus (L.) R. Br. In: Med-Check- feet. Freshwater Biol. 55, 1262-1273. list Notulae 17, (Eds. W. Greuter, T. Raus). Willdenowia 28, 163-174. Cincović, T. and M. Kojić (1976a). Crypsis Ait. In: Flora SR Srbije 7., (Ed. M. Josifović), 297. Srpska akademija nauka i um- Peterson, M. P., Romaschenko, K. and G. Johnson (2010). A clas- etnosti, Beograd. sification of the Chloridoideae (Poaceae) based on multi- gene phylogenetic trees. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evo- Cincović, T. and M. Kojić (1976b). Heleochloa Host. In: Flora SR lution 55, 580-598. Srbije 7., (Ed. M. Josifović), 297-299. Srpska akademija
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  • Is Crypsis a Common Defensive Strategy in Plants? Speculation on Signal Deception in the New Zealand Flora
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  • Postal Code Post Office Name Post Office Address 11000
    POSTAL POST OFFICE POST OFFICE POSTAL POST OFFICE POST OFFICE CODE NAME ADDRESS CODE NAME ADDRESS 11000 BEOGRAD 6 SAVSKA 2 11161 BEOGRAD 16 MIJE KOVACEVICA 7B (STUD.DOM) 11010 BEOGRAD 48 KUMODRASKA 153 11162 BEOGRAD 18 VISNJICKA 110V 11011 BEOGRAD 145 ZAPLANJSKA 32 (STADION SHOPING CENTAR) 11163 BEOGRAD 107 BACVANSKA 21 11050 BEOGRAD 22 USTANICKA 182 11164 BEOGRAD 106 SALVADORA ALJENDEA 18 11051 BEOGRAD 130 VELJKA DUGOSEVICA 19 11166 BEOGRAD 112 KRALJA MILANA 14 11052 BEOGRAD 141 BULEVAR KRALJA ALEKSANDRA 516/Z 11167 BEOGRAD 113 NJEGOSEVA 7 11060 BEOGRAD 38 PATRISA LUMUMBE 50 11168 BEOGRAD 114 KNEZA MILOSA 24 11061 BEOGRAD 139 TAKOVSKA 2 11169 BEOGRAD 115 KNEZA MILOSA 81 11101 BEOGRAD 1 TAKOVSKA 2 11210 BEOGRAD 26 ZRENJANINSKI PUT BB (KRNJACA) 11102 BEOGRAD 3 ZMAJ JOVINA 17 11211 BORCA VALJEVSKOG ODREDA 15 11103 BEOGRAD 4 NUSICEVA 16 11212 OVCA MIHAJA EMINESKUA 80 11104 BEOGRAD 5 BEOGRADSKA 8 11213 PADINSKA SKELA PADINSKA SKELA BB 11106 BEOGRAD 10 CARA DUSANA 14-16 11214 BORCA RATKA MILJICA 81 11107 BEOGRAD 11 USTANICKA 79 11215 SLANCI MARSALA TITA 50 11108 BEOGRAD 12 BULEVAR DESPOTA STEFANA 68/A 11224 VRCIN SAVE KOVACEVICA 2 11109 BEOGRAD 14 BULEVAR KRALJA ALEKSANDRA 121 11306 GROCKA BULEVAR OSLOBODJENJA 24 11110 BEOGRAD 15 MAKSIMA GORKOG 2 11307 BOLEC SMEDEREVSKI PUT BB 11111 BEOGRAD 17 BULEVAR KRALJA ALEKSANDRA 84 11308 BEGALJICA BORISA KIDRICA 211 11112 BEOGRAD 19 LOMINA 7 11309 LESTANE MARSALA TITA 60 11113 BEOGRAD 20 SAVSKA 17/A 11350 BEOGRAD 120 KATICEVA 14-18 11114 BEOGRAD 21 UCITELJSKA 60 11351 VINCA PROFESORA VASICA 172 11115 BEOGRAD 23 BULEVAR OSLOBODJENJA 51 11430 UMCARI TRG REPUBLIKE 1 11116 BEOGRAD 28 RUZVELTOVA 21 11030 BEOGRAD 8 SUMADIJSKI TRG 2/A 11117 BEOGRAD 29 GOSPODAR JEVREMOVA 17 11031 BEOGRAD 131 BULEVAR VOJVODE MISICA 12 (EUROSALON) 11118 BEOGRAD 32 MAKSIMA GORKOG 89 11040 BEOGRAD 33 NEZNANOG JUNAKA 2/A 11119 BEOGRAD 34 MILESEVSKA 66 11090 BEOGRAD 75 PILOTA MIHAJLA PETROVICA 8-12 11120 BEOGRAD 35 KRALJICE MARIJE 5 11091 BEOGRAD 109 17.
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  • Distribution of the Native Grasses of California
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