Vol. V. No. 8 5P:SU€^. 1950 INFORMATICTN ISSUED ir THE ASSOCIATION OF JEWISH REFUGEES IN GREAT BRITAIN 8, FAIRFAX MANSIONS, FINCHLEY ROAD ( fAIRSSC^'IOAD ) LONDON, N.W.3 OIPM one Canmltint Hemrt: 10 a.*.—I p.m.. 3—4 p.m.. Sunday 10 ».m.—I p.ia. rWa^Mm: MAIdi VtU 9096 (Genaral Offic*) MAIda Vale +449 (Employment Agancy)

Gustav W'^arourg delegation looked at every word to find out whether the laws in force in their respective countries were in accord with the wording of HUMA^ RIGHTS the Covenant, whether they would have to be altered and whether their Governments were At a time when the United, Nations are prepare a Bill of Human Rights. At the start, prepared to propose such alterations. The passing through a grave crisis, which affects differences of opinion as to the scope and majority of the Commission decided to confine everj'thing this world organisation is standing character of such a Bill arose. Some of the the Covenant to strictly political and indi­ for, it may seem that talk of a Bill of Human delegates favoured a broad Declaration, vidual rights and to omit all economic and Rights has become a matter of mere academic setting out a wide range of basic human social rights, which are mentioned in the interest, on which no more time should be rights — a kind of lighthouse showing Declaration. Such questions as equal pay wasted. If one takes a short-term view only, humanity the direction on which to set its for equal work, a hving wage, minimum this argtmient may be justified. But those course. Other delegates thought httle of such housing standards, medical attention, etc., who inaugurated the discussion on Human well-intentioned generalities ; they rather are not mentioned in the draft Covenant ; Rights and succeeded in having Human favoured a legally binding convention, more but the hope is being held out that additional Rights made a cornerstone of the United modest in scope but estabUshing well defined conventions may be prepared to make good Nations charter, never took a mere short- rights. A compromise was reached, the Com­ those omissions. term \'iew. The struggle for Human Rights mission decided to prepare both a Declaration is old, it is more than a struggle for mere and a Convention, a Declaration to lay down Jews have, from the beginning, taken a clauses and paragraphs, it is nothing less general standards, a Convention to bind those great interest in this problem of Human than the struggle for the future development States prepared to adhere to it. Rights. Probably no people has suffered as much in the past from disregard of funda­ of international law ; and as such it remains The Declaration was ready first. It was of greatest importance—crisis or no crisis. mental human rights as have the Jews. much easier to prepare. As none of the Their knowledge was invaluable, for they In the charter of the United Nations it is States was bound by the words chosen for knew the problems not only in theory but laid down that a special Commission on each of its clauses, as it laid down not effective from painful practical experience. In this Himian Rights is to be established. This rights but only standards of behaviour, the sphere the institution of consultative organi­ Commission, which selected Mrs. Eleanor choice of words was not of major importance. sations proved very useful. In order to Roosevelt, the late President Roosevelt's It is always easier for a Government to sub­ connect the people of the world more closely widow, as its Chainnan, started at once to scribe to high-sounding principles than to with the United Nations the charter provided accept exact legal obligations. The Universal that non-Governmental organisations with TWO JEWRIES Declaration of Human Rights was passed by special knowledge in those fields with which HE rift which divides the world between East the General Assembly of the United Nations the United Nations, in particular its Economic T and West is going right through the Jewish on 10 December, 1948. No single delegation and Social Council, are concerned, could be people. When, eleven years ago, the civilised world voted against it, but nine (the Soviet bloc, granted consultative status, which enables rallied to stem the onslaught of Nazism, Jews in all South Africa and Saudi Arabia) abstained. them to send observers to the Sessions of the countries were in the front-line of the struggle, both This idealistic Declaration has, as stated as victims and as fighters. Economic and Social Council and its Com­ before, no binding force ; it sets up standards missions and Committees, to submit written To-day, the international conflict is also a conflict of behavioiu", nothing more. between various parts of Jewry. There are still memoranda and, with sjiecial permission, to large Jewish populations in Rumania, Hungary and From the outset the Commission on make oral statements. Poland. Although many of them expressed their Human Rights had also begun to consider a Five Jewish organisations have been desire to emigrate, there are, no doubt, also sub­ Convention. The Secretariat submitted a granted such status ; Agudas Israel World stantial numbers who identify themselves with the draft, the United Kingdom—a protagonist of Organisation, Consultative Council of Jewish programmes and policies of the Governments, let the idea of a binding convention—also had Organisations (formed by the Alliance alone the vast mass of Russian Jewry which has no prepared a draft and some other Governments Israelite, American Jewish Committee and voice of its own. followed with proposals and drafts of their Anglo-Jewish Association), Co-ordinating Only in two places have Jews succeeded to own. A Working Committee of the H.R. Board of Jewish Organisations (formed by the remain outside the two warring camps—in Israel Commission discussed those drafts and pro­ Board of Deputies, South African Board of and, strangely enough, in Berlin. The Jewish posals as early as 1947, and since then the Deputies and U.S. B'nai Brith), Council for Community in Berlin is the only body which em­ Convention—or Covenant as it is now usually Progressive Judaism and World Jewish braces inhabitants in all sectors, and the unity called—has never been out of the mind of the Congress. Apart from the Council for Pro­ between East and West which has been abandoned Commission. During its most recent Session, in the administration of the town and of Germany, gressive Judaism all these Jewish organisa­ from March to May, 1950, the Commission tions took an active part in the work of the is still being maintained by the 8,000 Jews in has at last prepared a complete draft, which Europe's " Danger Spot No. 1." Human Rights Commission. While the has now been placed before the Economic and Agudas Israel concentrated its efforts largely A problem of greater consequence is presented by Social Council of the United Nations and, on the clauses dealing with rehgious freedom Israel, whict balances uneasily between East and unless referred back to the Commission, will West on the thin line of " non-identification." and religious practice and tried (unsuccess­ go before the General Assembly at its Autumn fully) to have a clause inserted covering the How long the young State will be able to remain Session. outside the two power blocs, in spite of economic problem of Jewish war orphans, the three and political pressure, is a matter for speculation. The draft Covenant is a much more limited other bodies made a number of constructive The Jews are a peace-loving people. More than document than the Declaration. AU those proposals for amending the clauses dealing i! ever, they pray that the shadows which are now " Rights" of the Declaration which are with such matters as statelessness, freedom darkening the world, may not plunge it into night, nothing more than fine aspirations have been of the Press, freedom of migration, right of and that a chance be given to our hard tried people left out. The Covenant would create new law asylimi, prevention of racial or religious to recuperate and develop. for those States that adhere to it. Every discrimination, incitement to race hatred. Continued on page a Page 2 AJR INFORMATION August, 1950 Continued from front page. RESTITUTION IN PARLIAMENT etc. While not all of the proposals were JEWISH TRUST CORPORATION NUMBER OF ALIENS accepted, they undoubtedly influenced the ESTABLISHED According to a statement of the Home Secretciry, work of the Commission. .\ Successor Organisation to claim and receive Mr. Ede, the total number of aliens, including StiU, the most important work of those heirless, unclaimed and former Communal property visitors, seamen. Ministry of Labour permit- Jewish bodies was not concerned with the in the British Zone of Germany, has been established holders and others, who entered the United King­ and registered as " The Jewish Trust Corporation dom in each of the years 1946—19 is as foUows :— exact wording of the various clauses—im­ for Germany, Limited." A statement announcing 1946, 311,932 ; 1947, 563,369 ; 1948, 657,661 ; portant as that may be—but with the the objects of the Trust Corporation says : " It is 1949. 645,728. decisive problem of implementation. Even a matter of international justice that this property During tlie same years the number of aliens who is not left in German hands, but is used to help the left the United Kingdom were : 1946 : 291,227; the best Covenant would be of little value 1947, 501,000 ; 1948, 593.532 ; 1949, 619,199. if there were no provisions for putting it into survivors of Nazi persecution and other victims of racial and religious discrimination." It is estimated that on May 31, 1950, the number effect, or—to use a popular phrase—without The " Council of Jews from Germany," which, of aliens over 16 years of age who had registered giving it teeth. In 1947 this was realised by under the presidency of Dr. Leo Baeck, represents with the Police as having been in the United most states outside the Soviet orbit, but the former German Jews in Great Britain, Israel, U.S.A. Kingdom for over two months was 425,578. deterioration of the poUtical climate in the and other countries of resettlement, is represented The principal nationalities included in this on the Executive of the Trust Corporation. The figure were : Austrian, 10,132 ; Belgian, 5,620 world made many countries reluctant to go AJR is one of the founder Organisations, and a Chinese, 9,657 ; Czech, 6,190 ; Danish, 5,026 too fast ; particidarly the United States and constituent member of the " Council," which aims Dutch, 9,099 ; Estonian, 5,682 ; French, 15,163 Great Britain feared that Communists may at safeguarding the interests of the Jews from German, 46,697 ; Hungarian, 5,031 ; ItaUan misuse the clauses of the Covenant to create Germany. It is hoped that, at a later stage, part of 21,104 ; Latvian, 13,784 ; Lithuanian, 6,954 the assets to be restituted may be used for social Norwegian, 6,114 ; Polish, 145,756 ; Russian, trouble for democratic Governments. and cultural institutions (Old .\ge Homes, etc.) of 38,903 ; Swiss, 12,952 ; Yugoslav, 9,474 ; United While in 1947 everyone seemed agreed emigrated German Jews who, before 1933, had States, 17,615. that aggrieved individuals or groups must be helped to build up these assets and many of whom are now in urgent need of help. VICE-CONSUL WITHDRAWN given the possibility to have complaints in­ The Picture Post recently published an interview vestigated by some international body with a Doctor Wurmarm, who was described as the 3,000 MILLIONS DM. COMPENSATION (whether that be a Court of Justice or a designated German Vice-Consul in London. In the According to a statement of the Bavarian Com­ course of this interview Wurmann said, inter alia, special Commission was a matter of dis­ pensation Office, the claims lodged by victims of the cussion), in 1950 the majority was only that only in 50 years' time one would be able to Nazi Regime against the Land Bayern amount to judge the treatment of the Jews by the Nazis in its prepared to grant a right of complaint to a 3,000 million DM. proper perspective and that Hitler's attitude in State which had ratified the Covenant, and 1939 was historically justified. This interview led even such complaint should only lead to an AUSTRIAN TIME-LIMIT EXTENDED to various questions in the House of Commons, in investigation by a fact-finding body without answer to which Mr. Ernest Davies of the Foreign By Order of the Austrian Minister of Finance, Office informed the House that the German Consul executive power. Many of the non-Govern­ published in the Bundesgesetzblatt of June 29, 1950, General had made two statements about Wurmann. mental organisations, in their forefront the the time-limit for filing Restitution Claims under the In the first statement of 22nd June he had declared Consultative Council of Jewish Organisations First, Second and Third Restitution Law has been that Wurmann was not a member of the staff, that and the World Jewish Congress, led a hard extended until December 31, 1951. his name had only been on the list of appUcants and that he had not been chosen. One day later, struggle against this restrictive policy. They however, the Consul General had communicated a maintained that to confine the right of com­ TIME LIMIT IN HESSE second statement to the Press saying : " It seems plaint to States and to exclude the right of According to a recent circular of the Ministry of that an erroneous impression may have been given petition of individuals or at least groups, Interior in Hesse, the time Umit for the submission in our statement yesterday that Herr Wurmann of Compensation Claims (June 30th, 1950) may be was ' only on the list of applicants ' for the German would vitiate the whole purpose of the extended in very extraordmary cases, e.g. if applica­ Consul General in London. We now learn that he Covencint and make it a plaything of power tions which have been despatched in time by had been selected for London by the German politics. registered mail have gone lost or have reached their Authorities, who gave his name, with those of other destination with unforeseeable delay. selected members of the Consulate Staff, to the The Consultative Council, in order to meet representative of Picture Post. He will not now some of the objections raised by the Govern­ come to London." ments, proposed an ingenious scheme. Under SOCIAL INSURANCE Unlike the first statement, Mr. Davies went on, this scheme a United Nations Attorney Social Insurance Authorities (Health-, Accident-, this correction by the German Consul General was Invalid-, Workmen's- and Employees-Insurance) not communicated to the Foreign Office. The General of Human Rights would be appointed inside the German Federal Territory have been German Consul General has expressed regret for to sift all individual or group-petitions, to granted a general licence (General Licence No. 39/50) this oversight. throw out all petitions which were frivolous to make payments to persons whose insurance claims have become due and who are resident outside the * or mere mischief-making but submit all Federal Territory. Mr. Max Bachmann, a member of the Jewish community in Munich, has been appointed Economic genuine complaints, where a prima facie case The payments in favour of the claimants have to Adviser to the German Consulate in London. He be made into blocked accounts of banks inside the had been made out, on his own behalf to a is the first German Jew to hold a post in the German Federal Territory. special United Nations organ, which would diplomatic service of the German Federal Republic. have some semi-judicial powers. Many REVISED TELEGRAM CHARGES delegates were much impressed by this STUDY GROUP IN BONN scheme. Anglo-American opposition pre­ Revised rates for overseas telegrams came into The Finance Committee of the Bundesrat has force on July 1. The principal changes are that, to vented its acceptance, for the smaller states decided to set up a Study Group for questions of places outside Europe, the charge per word for rightly felt that a Covenant, to which neither Restitution and Compensation. It will consist of urgent and ordinary telegrams will be reduced by Great Britain nor the U.S.A. adhered, would representatives of the Federal RepubUc and of the about 25 per cent, the code (CDE) rate and the be meaningless, but the view was expressed Bavarian Ministry of Finance as well as of the Deferred Service will be aboUshed, and there wUl be President and the Vice-Presidents of the existing only one class of letter telegram (LT) with a mini­ that further study may lead to a com­ Co-ordinating Office, Dr. Philip Auerbach (Munich), mum charge as for 22 words at half the new ordinary promise somewhere on the basis of that Ministerialdirigent Dr. Frenkel (Duesseldorf) and rate. Full details may be seen from the Post scheme. Ministerialrat Dr. Heiland (Freiburg). Office Guide, July 1950 edition. From the debate in the Himian Rights Commission it has become clear that the U.S. HIGH COMMISSIONER ON ANTISEMITISM majority of the delegates are not much in The U.S. High Commissioner in Germany, Mr. cedure for checking the appointment to High Office favour of the draft they finally accepted, and John J. McCloy, declared that in his opinion there of persons considered inimical or dangerous to the hope that either the Economic or Social was no " arising anti-Semitism " in Germany, but aims and purposes of Occupation. Council or the General Assembly will prefer a that " we are rather engaged in combating the vestiges of anti-Semitism after years of vicious BERGEN-BELSEN CLOSED further investigation of the all-important orientation and training." He referred to the The Bergen-Belsen camp was closed recently and implementation problem, even if it means the favourable statements of Professor Heuss, Dr. turned over to the British Army. During the Nazi postponement of the final adoption of the Adenauer, the Bonn Parliament, as weU as German regime, some 30,000 Jews were murdered in that Covenant. The fight of the Jewish organisa­ Newspapers and Churches. concentration camp. After the war, part of the site tions for putting teeth into the Covenant of With regard to former Nazis as holders of official Wcis used as a camp for Jewish Displaced Persons. positions, Mr. McCloy admitted that persons with It is estimated that some hundred thousand Jews Human Rights is, therefore, by no means an active Nazi background had attained office, but passed through the Belsen cam prpior to emigration over yet. promised that there would be defined lines of pro­ since 1945. AJR INFORMATION August 1950 Pages Herbert Freeden : ANGLO=JUDAICA Conference of Commonwealth Jewries For the first time in their not always uneventful VISIT TO DACHAU history, Jews of the British Commonwealth and Empire assembled last month in London to consider After a twenty-five minutes' ride from Munich, 1940, was my guide. I asked him why he had not problems common to aU. It seems remarkable that six letters appeared at a railway station—Dachau. left this place of horror. He shrugged his shoulders. no attempt was ever made to follow the example of I got out on the tracks on which train after train " It doesn't touch me any more, nothing touches me the Imperial Conference which has met fourteen had been rolling in filled with human freight. It was any more." He pointed at a conspicuous looking times during the last 60 years. A higher degree of a sultry summer afternoon and there were only a building, the gas chambers, untouched and un­ effective assimilation would hardly in this case have few people about. I left the station. Opposite were altered as they were when tens of thousands filed impaired the strength of Jewish tradition, and some shops—a hairdresser, a bakery, a drapery through their doors. much profitable work might have been accomplished store. There were people living. They must have I entered the room where people were undressed by the vision of enterprise larger than philanthropy. heard the cries of those who were driven through for a " shower," as they were told. And then the But the Deputies of England would not have it, the streets. To-day, everyone denied any knowledge doors opened and I was in the gas chamber. It was and though they claimed to be adequately attending of what had happened then. built like a shower bath and there were even some to the needs of overseas communities, the first I walked the same roads to the concentration taps on the ceiling, though without pipes, just to direct substantial contact was established only in camp as the 250,000 who never came back. Houses keep up the pretence for one more moment. The in 1920 when the late Chief Rabbi undertook the had sprung up during the war, quickly built and gas came up from galleys on the ground. Groups of first Pastoral Tour of the Empire. ugly looking, inflating this once sleepy little country 100 each had passed through here. It took fifteen " Too long and too often," Dr. Hertz then said, town. minutes for the people to suffocate. There was a " have the reUgious and lay leaders of our colonial " Camp prosperity " must have been brisk. The small observation hole under glass in one of the communities felt that they were stranded members roads, half-finished, were dusty. The heat was walls where the executors watched their victims of the Jewish body, forsaken and forgotten by their oppressive. After some time, signs pointed to nearby die. I wondered what happened to those observers, brethren even in the Home Country." Since then cemeteries. There was the camp. how they bore up to these scenes and what career the Jewish Memorial Council has included among its American military police guarded the entrance to they might have made to-day in the new Germany. variegated objects the desire to " make of Judaism the gdtee of barbed wire. Inside, the streets had Selected camp inmates helped to remove the corpses a Uving force throughout the British Empire," but .\merican SSHies—Louisiana Drive, Times Square, and to clean the chambers. They were separated nothing less than a fully-fledged conference of Cole Road, for the camp is now a military installa­ from the rest so that they might not betray the responsible Jewish leaders could hope to be compe­ tion. Yet, under the new signs I could still read the deadly secret. In terms of three months they were tently deaUng with the formidable problems be­ old names. The first street flanked by villas, once killed, but not in the gas chambers which they setting British Jews everywhere, and unqualified the residences of the S.S. Officers and camp com­ helped to run. As a reward they were hanged in appreciation is due to the initiative and skill with mandants, was the " Strasse der KZ Vaeter." A few the anti-room. which, after protracted labours, the conference was clumps of trees were called " Geisterwald." Domin­ There were four huge stoves where the bodies at last secured by the London Deputies. ating the centre and still bearing the emblem of the were cremated. The human ashes, which by a S.S. was a stern building which was formerly the device were kept apart from the ashes of the coal, billets of the notorious camp police and has now Jewish Problems outside Israel were sold to the families of the murdered at a high been turned into an .American Band School. Then, The problems under discussion were not of course price, but there came a time when those stoves guarded by high sentry posts which are now aban­ essentially different from those that exercise Jews could not keep pace with the rate of slaughter. doned and enclosed by barbed wire which was once outside the Commonwealth. It is probably true, as And the room on the other side of the gas chamber electrified, the huts of the actual concentration a wit once said, that " people are the same every­ shows footprints, not only on the walls, but up to camp appeared, row after row. They stand to-day where : where there are more, the crowds are the ceiling, footprints full of blood and dirt, for as they were standing there since 1933, only they bigger, that's all." It certainly is very true of our here the corpses were stored until they were are cleaned up now and supported by bricks. For people in the golah. The impact of Israel is visibly interred or cremated. thousands of German refugees from the East are upon every Jew. Foreign affairs have never been UxHng there. Visitors' Book entirely foreign to a Jew, their most urgent item at .\ small creek divides them from the crematorium. present being Germany. The international of Anti­ It is in this room that to-day a Visitors' Book is There is an inscription : " Remember how we died semitism spares no geographical area, and the displayed. I looked through the pages. Only a few here." .A Pole, who had bee\i in the camp since defence against that evil is as vital everywhere as people per day come out here. I saw the name of the constant concern for the improvement of Jew- Dorothy Lamour but not that of a jingle German. Gentile relations and, above all, unceasing and un­ FROM ALL CORNERS Why are not groups of teachers, youth leaders, civil compromising Jewish education. Close attention servants, led through here ? Why has it not been also is demanded by an important question of RUMANIA made compulsory for university students and all procedure : how to strengthen Jewish diplomatic According to recent reports, a second extensive those responsible for the Germany of the future to action by avoiding pointless duplication of effort ? purge is to be expected which is aimed at pro­ see with their own eyes what had happened here ? That question particularly bears on the varying fessional people, " saboteurs," and Zionists. Only five years have passed since the liberation of relations of Commonwealth bodies with the World Dachau—and the place has sunk into obUvion. Jewish Congress. CANADA The crematorium is situated on a ground saturated ilr. Leon D. Crestol, K.C., member of the The results of the Conference will be eagerly with murder. There is the gaUows stand on which awaited in the communities directly represented— Dominion Council of the Canadian Jewish Congress, partisans and saboteurs were hanged. There is Australia (with 35,000 Jews), New Zealand (3,000), has been elected to the Canadian House of Commons another devilish device, a trench where people had India (19,000), South Africa (103,000), and Canada in a recent by-election. to kneel on a wooden grid so that their blood could (180,000). These Dominions keep company with « flow tlirough when they were shot in the neck. only one Crown Colony, the crucially placed Aden According to the Financial Times (Toronto), it This death was reserved for Allied flyers and para­ whose 1,400 Jews, having suffered much recently, seems that Mr. David Croll, one of the two Jewish chutists. There are some trees fuU of foliage and will probably soon be all transferred to Israel. One members of the Canadian Parliament, is being kept green as other trees in summer. Only one is slowly wonders why other Crown Colonies have been absent out of the Cabinet, because he is a Jew. " Let us dying, a huge fir caUed " The Hanging Tree." On —Kenya, e.g., with 1,000 Jews, and Jamaica, with face it," the report says, " if David Croll were not its branches, hundreds were strangled when the 2,200 ; though some may be very small, especially a Jew he would have been in the Cabinet long ago." work of the gallows was too slow. It seemed as if in the West Indies, surely none is to be disregarded. nature protested against the inhumanity of man. ARGENTINA The same applies to the Rhodesias, the Dominion I asked the guide if he thought that the people of in the South, with 3,500, and the Colony in the A new measure, at present under discussion, Dachau knew what was going on here. He laughed North with 500 Jews. tends to stipulate that naturalized Argentine citizens bitterly. There were plenty of S.S. men having their must wait five years after being naturalized before girl friends in town and boasting of their ghastly they can obtain all political rights of native born deeds, and when a new transport of prisoners Commonwealth and U.S.A. Argentinians. arrived, children came out to spit at them and to Some of them have even recently complained of throw stones into their faces. indifference shown by the Mother Country which CHILE There are mass graves everywhere, some full of seemed to fancy they were too far away. It is by .\t the General Meeting of the Sociedad Cultural ashes, others filled with bones. Over 200,000 have no means certain, however, that all have invariably Israelita " B'ne Jisroel," a congregation consisting been interred piled up four to five high on a little responded to such approaches as were attempted— of 1,500 Jewish families from Central Europe, the mountain by the camp, the Leitenberg. Night after admittedly within limitations. It is quite possible President, Dr. Josef Hirschberg, gave a survey of night, especially when the typhus raged, corpses that not enough has been done to match the in­ the congregation's intense and widespread activities were loaded into big trucks and dumped there. creasing competition from our fellows in the U.S.A. in the reUgious, educational, cultural and social Some months ago, a huge Menorah was erected who are displaying a keen interest in the spiritual field. The main achievement of the recent past is there opposite a large cross. development of the British Jewries overseas. In the purchase of a Community Building which will On my way out, I passed once more the barracks the long run, the development of closer Anglo- be consecrated shortly. from which the people were driven to death. .\merican relations is of course inevitable, of which Children were playing there, shouting and laughing. fact British Jews, like all the people of Britain, are AFGHANISTAN Back at the railway station I noticed that the name acutely aware, and it is perhaps well that our The Afghanistan Minister in Baghdad told the of the street was " Fruehlingstrasse." A beer garden brethren in the Commonwealth be under no illusion Arab News Agency that his Government was announced dancing at night. .\t another pub there either. At the same time, British Jews cannot but anxious to support the Arab States in their attitude was " Stimmungsmusik." find in their tradition, which is also the Imperial to Israel and that it had no intention of recognising Remember how we died here." No one tradition, an obligation towards the Commonwealth Israel. remembers. which they must discharge. Page 4 AJR INFORMATION August, 1950

Otto ZsireK. : Now ready : the illustrated edition of BI-CENTENARY OF "THE JEWS" TRIAL " The Jewish people had once produced so many he started to " mauscheln." Even Shakespeare's heroes and prophets, but to-day you doubt whether " Merchant of Venice," in the crude transcription by AND ERROR you could find one honest man among them." German translators, was enacted in the same way, THE AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF The young man who wrote these lines, in the early with Shylock as a devilish caricature of the ghetto- Spring of 1750, was sitting in the shabby attic in dweller. And now young Lessing ventured to show CHAIM WEIZMANN one of the slum houses in North BerUn where he his leading figure, a Jew, in a different light—" as lived in greatest poverty. He had chosen writing if he were a Christian, a gallant and noble soul " ! First President of Israel as a career—something never heard of before in the Germany of his time—and had set great hopes on This was indeed not only a break with all 185 photographs * 35s. net his one-act " comedy " which he gave the title : traditions, it was a challenge to both the theatre and the public, which could not but meet with EAST & WEST LIBRARY " Die Juden." It would conquer the stage, would I CROMWELL PLACE, LONDON, S.W. 7 bring him money, and—fame. For in that era of the failure. The Jews in the State of Frederick the Rococo that favoured the shallow, playful comedies Great were but " tolerated " ; they were social in the French tradition, his was the first attempt to outcasts ; they lived in the enclosures of their it be the villainous comedian, a grossly overdrawn expose, from the stage, the new ideas of Enlighten­ ghettos, and had hardly found any contact with the counterfeit of Shylock, who would have to play his ment, and to deal seriously with a serious subject. gentile population yet. leading role—it was written, and meant, for the This writer, twenty years of age, thought that actor impersonating the gentleman on the stage ! In 1669, in the dark days of German history This, in short, was its plot : Uterature and above all, the dramatic art, should foUowing the Thirty Years War, his grand­ A Baron who, in the worst tradition of the cease to serve the needs for entertainment and father, Theophilus Lessing of Kamenz, chose as his German 18th century aristocracy, has strong anti- become a weapon in the struggle of mankind for " Dissertatio " the theme : " On the universal Semitic prejudices, is ambushed by a gang of humanity. He dreamed of becoming " the German toleration of all reUgions." Gotthold Ephraim's robbers while travelling with his young daughter Moliere" ; he would, by the strength of his father, Johann Gottfried Lessing, remained faithful and would have perished but for an unknown character and the power of his pen, transform the to his father Theophilus' teachings, and it was his traveller who rushed to his aid, took on the fight German theatre and enthrall the audience of the inherited belief in toleration that made him both against heavy odds, and rescued him and his enlightened circles of the Berliners who, in opposition the most enlightened and the most hated minister daughter. This stranger seems to be a gentleman, to the regime of Frederick the Great, gathered of the Lutheran Church. and a gallant one at that, and the Baron—in the in the Salons and Caf^s of the Prussian capital. In 1754, when " Die Jttden " was published, it fashion of the French comedies of the period— But the theatrical companies, still in the grip of created the sensation young Lessing had expected. offers him the hand of his daughter to show his the all-powerful Court and the aristocracy, declined It was by no means the truly literary value of the gratitude. But he does not know that the Stranger the play " The Jews," and the pubUshers did not short play, and even less its achievement as a piece is a Jew. He is much taken aback when his rescuer yet dare to print it (it was published four years of dramatic art, that enthralled the inteUectuals. declines the honour of marrying the baroness. later). Young Gotthold Ephraim Lessing brooded It would be impossible to discover in the writer of This short scene when the traveller reveals himself over his manuscript, disappointed and near to this comedy the later creator of dramatic master­ as belonging to the race despised by any German despair. But he knew he was on the right track. pieces like " Minna von Barnhelm " or " Nathan." nobleman, is masterly written : He was a self-confident young man, full of plans It was, exclusively, its ideological content, indeed, and convinced of having a " mission." If his play its humane message, that struck home. To play its The Traveller : I am . . . was rejected, surely it was not his lack of abilities value down, as has been done in German literary The Baron : Perhaps, already married ? as a dramatist, but his bold spirit that had scared writings, to call it " a piece of sheer propaganda," The Traveller : No the producers off. True, the theatrical companies is to misunderstand its historic importance : The Baron : Come, now. What ? were not used to putting on the stage a Jew who was Eclectic in style and in its dramatic form, this short The TraveUer : I am a Jew. a noble, dignified man. Each company had in its comedy represents the first drama of ideas in the The Baron : A Jew ? Oh, cruel fate ! ensemble a player who specialised in the roles of a German language—and besides, the first one that Heaven itself, he says, prevents him from showing Jew, a comedian, of course, with a revolting long dealt with the Jewish problem in a sympathetic, his gratitude. But, what about taking his money nose who made the house shriek with delight when understanding and humane way ! No longer would instead ? Indeed, all his belongings ? But the Jew refuses that too : "I am asking for nothing but that you will think of my people in future somewhat more leniently. ... I rather believe that good and evil souls may occur among all nations." LAW and LIFE When it was published in 1754, a young Jewish Legal Advice Hours{ftrr persons with limited means only): Sundav 11 a.m.-12 noon by appointment. philosopher, Moses Mendelssohn, read it, and longed to meet its author and to shake hands with him. RECOVERY OF SMALL DEBTS Court hearing, if the Defendant has not put in a This meeting was arranged, in the house of the If you have money lent or goods sold and you Defence within eight days after being served with the Jewish doctor Gumpertz, and the two young cannot recover your money by writing to the summons, while on an ordinary summons a date humanists became life-long friends. Moses Mendels­ debtor and are not in a position to engage a solicitor for hearing is given immediately and judgment sohn knew this short play by heart ; he recited the you will have to seek the help of the Courts yourself. will only be entered after the case has been heard most daring, most enlightened passages to the If the debt is a small one you go to the County in Court on that date. guests of Dr. Gumpertz who, as Secretary to the Court which wiU accept claims up to ;£200, although After a Defence has been entered, the case will be President of the Prussian Academy of Science, it is advisable to go to the High Court for amounts heard in Court. The parties have to bring their assembled in his house the leading members of the larger than ^30. But to-day we will deal only with witnesses (the Plaintiff as a witness is indispensable intelligentsia. With emphasis, moved to tears, the County Court procedure and leave the High and so is the Defendant if he wishes to defend). Mendelssohn recited these lines from " The Jews." : Court for a later occasion. After hearing both parties (or only one, if the other " If a Jew swindles, seven times out of nine, the You will have to go to the County Court in whose is not appearing) the Judge gives his decision and Christian has driven him to it. I doubt if many district the debtor resides or carries on business. Judgment is entered. Christians can pride themselves on having given a There are a few exceptions to that rule, the most If the Defendant admits the claim by writing to Jew a square deal. But if decency and mutual important being that the claimant can apply to the the Court before the hearing and asks to be allowed understanding shall govern the relationship between County Court of the district in which the contract, to pay by instalments the merits of this application two peoples, both of them must contribute to it that leads to the claim, was made. are considered by the Court and an order made equally. How can that be achieved if it is con­ At the office of the County Court the now accordingly. sidered rather a meritorious action to persecute " Plaintiff " will have to fill in a form, giving his The Plaintiff can apply for execution of the the other religion ? " and the Defendant's full name, address and occu­ Judgment by bailiffs, who will seize the Defendant's Thirty years later, when Lessing's poetic gifts pation, a short description of the claim, i.e., " For goods and sell them up to the amount of the and dramatic talents had matured, he modelled money lent by the Plaintiff to the Defendant " or Judgment and costs. In some cases, for instance his " Nathan the Wise " on the friend of his youth, " For goods sold and delivered by the Plaintiff to where the bailiffs can't find sufficient goods, the Moses Mendelssohn. The figure of this noble and the Defendant." The amount of the claim has to Plaintiff should apply for a " Judgment Summons." gentle Jew, which once—and once only !—appeared be stated, and the Court official will inform the The Defendant has to appear in Court, will be in the world of German letters, immortalising the Plaintiff what Court fee has to be paid. This varies examined under oath as to his means and income, genius of the Jewish people, was already conceived according to the amount claimed ; for instance, the and if the Judge finds that he is unable to pay at in Lessing's early " comedy " written two hundred fee for a claim of £2—3 is 5s. ; /lO—12, I7s. ; once, an order for appropriate instalments will be years ago ! It is of the creator of both these plays ^40—50, 45s., and so on up to £3 for claims over made. centring around the Jewish Problem that Thomas ;£100. If these instalments are not kept up the Plaintiff Mann said : " Lessing, manliest of spirits, had faith in the coming age of humanity. His was a spirit as The Plaintiff has further to hand in " Particulars can apply for the Defendant to be committed to full of faith, love, and hope as any that lived and of Claim," on which he will be guided by a Court prison for disobeying a court order, which is the last official, and in which he has to describe details of taken thought for the lot of man." And it is in this means the Plaintiff has to force the hand of a the claim {e.g., sale of goods, etc.). very spirit that Thomas Mann, in 1929, on the eve The Summons can be issued either as " Default Defendant of bad faith. But it should be noted that of the rise of Nazism in Germany, warned his Summons " (the nearest to a " Zahlungsbefehl ") this imprisonment is not given for the inability to compatriots : "In Lessing's name and spirit, let or as " Ordinary Summons," the main difference pay but for the disobedience to a Court order, after it be ours to aim beyond every type of fascism, at a being that on Default Summons judgment is the Judge has ascertained that the Defendant is union of blood and reason which alone merits the entered on the Plaintiff's application without a in a position to pay his debt. name of complete humanity I " AJR INFORMATION August, 1950 Page 5 C. C. AronsfelJ; Old Acquaintances Opera for Snobs :—It's a pleasant thought 99 that such an enterprise as Glyndebourne still exists. "CrVIS ROM ANUS SUM Founded by John Christie in 1934 with the help of two refugees from Germany, the " Glyndebourne The erstwhile refugees are now, for the most part, Gibraltar, who had suffered at the hands of an Festivals " started again for the first time after the soundly settled, and except for an occasional slip antisemitic mob at Athens. His house and valuables war this year, and Rolf Gerard, son of the un­ of accent and an awkward reference to the diction­ had been destroyed, and he claimed, by way of forgettable Mafalda Salvatini, invited us to attend ary, the distinction of a new citizenship sits well on damages, the admittedly excessive sum of /26,618. the first night of " Cosi fan Tutte." So I missed the them. Some indeed seem now and then inclined Palmerston, then Foreign Secretary, himself rather opening with " Entfuehrung aus dem Serail " in to take the privilege for granted, finding satisfaction, doubted the figure, but this Weis not a matter of which Anton Walbrook appeared in the only not- sometimes understandably, more in its material pounds, shillings, pence : an outrage had been singing part ; but I enjoyed " Cosi " produced by advantages than in its moral significance. It is committed on a British citizen, and of course it had Carl Ebert and conducted by Fritz Busch. It's quite perhaps, therefore, well to be reminded of what it to be avenged. Also Greek delay in making prompt an unreal thing to go to Glyndebourne, so to speak, means to be a British citizen. and proper amends was most annoying. In due " out of this world." You have to catch the train " .\s the Roman, in days of old, held himself free course, therefore, a goodly company of H.M. ships to Lewes in Sussex shortly before four o'clock in the from indignity, when he could say ' Civis Romanus paid a social call at Athens, and when restitution afternoon. At Victoria Station you will be surprised sum,' so also a British subject, in whatever land he seemed fixed for the Greek calends, the " Piraeus " see people dressed in full evening dress or even tails, may be, shall feel confident that the watchful eye was blockaded and shipping seized to the precise the women in low-cut evening clothes. The fare and the strong arm of England will protect him value of the British claims. alone costs one guinea, the ticket for Glyndebourne against injustice and wrong." Naturally the affair caused quite a flutter abroad two, and you have to eat and drink during the long It seems appropriate to recall these words today, and no little excitement at home. Ob\dously the interval ; so you cannot make such an evening for it is exactly 100 years since they were spoken action was highly high-handed, and The Times under five to six pounds. But all the Mozart per­ by one of Britain's most famous statesmen. Lord denounced it as " perfectly unscrupulous." But formances are sold out during this season, and it's Palmerston, in one of his most famous orations. despite much opposition, Palmerston prevailed in a unique experience. Rolf Gerard, who did the They are words that ring, resoundingly, down the a memorable House of Commons with that rousing decors, had to compete with the surrounding ailes of history, and above them rises, a solemn speech which made even his adversaries " proud countryside, and Sussex is beautiful indeed. memento to every Jew, the vision of those 2,000 of the man who delivered it." Congrete of Cultural Freedom :—Sponsored years that are now spectacularly ending. Was it to be thought that " British subjects by Melvyn Laski of the German monthly " Der The grand avowal of the power which invests the abroad must not look to their own country for pro­ Monat," intellectuals from all countries of the West pride of British citizenship was made in peculiar tection, but must trust to that indifferent justice gathered in Berlin to demonstrate democracy-in-the- circumstances. It was called forth by the affair which they may happen to receive at the hands of raw to the Russians. It was surely very impressive of a Jew, David Pacifico, a Briton, native of the Government and tribunals of the country in to see so many famous authors together, and people which they may be " ? It would never be admitted like Koestler, Silone, Alfred Weber, Peter de that " because a man was born in Scotland, he Mendelssohn, Herbert Reed, Burnham, Plivier, POPULATION PROBLEMS might be robbed without redress, or because a man Jules Romains, and Borgese in person pleaded Haifa, July, 1950. was of the Jewish persuasion, he was fair game for for freedom. The clcish came when- the former any outrage." It was then that Palmerston spoke Communists amongst the delegates claimed they The part played by German Jews in the up­ alone had a right to fight Communism. When building of the Yishuv and the State has, in former the words which remain as the echo of centuries far off—" Civis Romanus sum. . . ." Silone said the final battle would be fought between years, often been the topic of some controversy. ex-Communists and Communists, the Berliners They had been reproached for a " Prussian " and To be sure, much has happened since those senti­ declared with relief : " So it doesn't concern us, ments, described by the Morning Post as " genuine pedantic attitude, overrating formalities, to both of we are C.D.U." A surprise visitor was Walter which the other parts of the population were not in English sentiments," were uttered by a man whom the least accustomed. The mocking designation of British Jewry praised as " a true friend and firm Mehring, who arrived in his home-town from the German Jews as " Jekkes " (the origin of this word supporter of civil and religious liberty." Less than States at the last moment after an absence of has been attributed to various sources, but has 20 years after his death, in the year of the first 17 years, but he returned quickly again to New York. never been definitely established) had a half-joking, Czarist pogroms, H.M. Government decided, in an London :—Martin Miller gomg on tour with half-deprecating connotation. 'During the last year, early essay of appeasement, to withhold protection " Daphne Laureola " prior to the Broadway pro­ and especially since the recent mass immigration, from British citizens who happened to be Jews, duction of this successful play.—Max Opuls came the mental reservations against the " Jekkes" travelling in Russia. The melancholy performance to London to attend the showing of his 1932 picture, have disappeared, because one has learnt to esteem was repeated 30 years later when the appeasement Liebelei," which London's Film Club presented ; their correct and " unlevantinic " ways, especiaUy of Russia had so far advanced that the Foreign he left for Vienna to direct " Heut spielt der in business and administration. Secretary (Sir E. Grey) refused to receive a Jewish Strauss" for Swiss producer W. Wachtl which deputation to discuss the unceasing Czarist perse­ Benno Vigny scripted.—.\lfred H. Unger sold his Nahariya, the well-known seaside place near the cution. story, " Safety Curtain " to a British company.— Lebanese frontier, is an outstanding example of Clement Freud, Sigmund's youngest grandson, " Jekkish " energy. There was the joke when the It is a profoundly chastening thought that it is working as a caterer in the " Arts Theatre Club," partition of Palestine was being discussed, that no longer true, as it was in Palmerston's proud married actress Jill Raymond.—Irene Prador, LiUi Nahariya would, of course, remain German. As a conviction, that " England is a Power sufficiently Palmer's sister, will be in the " Lilli Marlene " matter of fact, the place which just celebrated the strong to steer her own course and not to tie herself picture.—Charles Frank is adapting Fritz Schwie- fifteenth anniversary of its foundation, was unique as an unnecessary appendage to the policy of any fert's " Marguerite durch drei " for the English in the country as being 100 per cent German in other Government." Yet, even today, the rights of stage.—Marianne Kupfer-Deeming appeared in language and culture (not in economy) up to last her citizens remain a precious possession and an " Velvet Moss " at the little " Watergate Theatre." year. Since then it has more than doubled its inspiration, and those who have received them have Ttvo Birthdaye:—.Artist Walter 'Trier, who left population by admitting emigrants from East cause to cherish them—not as an object of idle England a few years ago to live near his married Europe and Yemen, building very attractive boasting nor as a handy garment of convenience, daughter in Canada, celebrated his 60th birthday quarters for them through " Amidar," the housing but rather, against the memory of their bygone in Toronto. " Liliput," whose cover he designed co-operative, and succeeding in finding employment glory, a faithful guide to the duties of that civilised for years—a unique experiment in newspaper and work for all of them. This remarkable example citizen who, alive to his religious and historic history—is now without Trier's title page. Born in of successful planning may well serve as a model to tradition, bears the immemorial freedom of Prague, the lovable artist and illustrator of Erich other settlements, mainly those in formerly purely England under the stringent law of Israel. Kaestner's children's books was already an estab­ .\rab places, such as Jaffa, Ramleh, and Lydda, lished personality in Berlin.—Arthur Hellmer, who where many economic problems have still to be A CHRISTIAN-JEWISH DISCUSSION returned to Hamburg after the end of the war, solved. Under the auspices of the Society for Christian- celebrated his 70th birthday ; his son Kurt, on the Jewish Co-operation a public symposium took place The general problem of the 165,000 Arabs residing staff of " Aufbau " came over to Germany for a in Berlin. 'The participants were the Journalist, Dr. visit. The famous director of Frankfurt's'' Kammer­ in Israel territory is not an easy one either. Most Norbert Muehlen (Contributor to Readers' Digest of them still live under Military Government, spiele " and discoverer of many actors and play­ and New Leader), Mr. ElUot E. Cohen (Editor of the wrights, went first to Vienna after 1933, where he except those in the three cities, of which Haifa American Jewish periodical Commentary), Dr. shelters most, about 5,000. Those living in the gave Zarah Leander her first chance. Later on, in Franz Joseph Schoeningh (Chief Editor of the London, Hellmer produced a German performance country \-illages and small towns are restricted in Sueddeutsche Zeitung and Editor of the Hochland), their movement, but they own full civic status of " Nathan " with Marl6 during the war, and took Professor Brunswigk (Paris) and the author over Hamburg's State Theatre after his return. otherwise, and are assisted by Government in then- Hermann Kesten. U.S.A. :—Robert Lantz became personal repre­ economy. There is no noticeably bad feeUng between Mr. Cohen stressed the urgency of a discussion Jewish and Arab Israehs, but a certain mistrust on sentative of Hedy Lamarr.—Walter Reisch, author between Germans and Jews, especially in the of " Maskerade," will script and direct Sam Spiegel's one side, and a feeling of uncertainty as to their interest of the Germans. The silence of the Germans future on the other side, doubtless exists. After production of " The Hothouse." — Heinrich about developments of the recent past was, in his Schnitzler produced Benjamin Britten's adaptation aU, this large minority belongs ethnically to the view, one of the main reasons for the distrust neighbouring enemy States which so far have refused of " Beggar's Opera " in California.—The estate of against Germany in the democratic world. Dr. the late Ernst Lubitsch in Hollywood was auctioned to make peace and recognize the existence of the Schoeningh dealt with the problem from a theo­ State. The continuous attempts of clandestine with all its collections.—Hans Wilhelm founded logical angle and pointed out that a better under­ his own independent production, and will start with infiltration of Arabs across the frontiers aggravate standing highly depended on a new reUgious atti­ this problem, as does the Communist agitation which " The First of April."—Max Nosseck directed tude. R-ofessor Brunswigk, a French agnostic Jew, " Kill or be Killed," scripted by Arnold Lipschitz.— meets with some success, mainly among the Arab took the view that Jews had to decide between industrial workers. HANS MOSBACHER. umreserved assimilation and IsraeU citizenship. PEM. Page 6 AJR INFORMATION August, 1950

and who, in the end, finds a real new home in the FROM MT DIARY children's village Ben Shemen. Though I had Letler to the Editoir already seen—and heard !—the film under better THOMAS MANN The Australian monthly periodical. The New technical conditions than that night at Conway Citizen, issued by the " Association of New Citi­ Sir, Hall, I was again impressed by its inspiring message In your June issue homage was paid to Thomas zens," Sydney, always makes an interesting reading. and artistic impact. To some extent, this organisation, which is in Mann. Not only I, but many readers were surprised constant contact with the AJR and is also a that an appreciation meant to celebrate Thomas constituent member of the " Council of Jews from Mann's 15th birthday did not mention his latest Germany," has to face problems similar to ours. work, " Dr. Faustus." Rightly or wrongly, Thomas " The International Refugee Organisation has Mann considers this novel the crotvning piece of his They too had to experience that naturalization, found that the greater a man's ability, the less are important as it is, does not solve the manifold work. In his booklet, " Die Entstehung des Dr. his chances for immigration," wrote Mr. J. D. Faustus, Roman eines Romans," he has left no doubt questions which are common to immigrants from Kingsley, Director General of IRO, in the pro­ the Continent, and there are even incidents of about this. gramme of a concert by Refugee and D.P. Artists, Yours, etc., discrimination. Contrary to the position in the which recently took place at Wigmore Hall. The United Kingdom, doctors who had immigrated Ernest Schaefer. musical level of the performance was a very high 31 Muswell Hill Road, London, N.IO. before the war encounter great difficulties in their one, though, in my view, in the choice of the attempts to be admitted to the Australian Medical programme a Uttle less stress should have been laid A full appreciation of " Dr. Faustus " in "AJR Register. on pieces which are in the first line meant to Information " was given by Dr. Weltmann some "The influx of new immigrants has raised the exhibit the technical skill of the performer. One months ago.—The Editor. question whether the .\ssociation should canvass or two of the talented young musicians were Jewish for membership amongst Displaced Persons. " Our victims of Nazi oppression, others had been com­ Association," one of the Board members said, " is pelled to leave their Eastern European homelands open to all European immigrants with disregard of as persecutees of the totalitarian regimes after the PERSONALIA race, nationality or creed. Our most important war. Nobody can say how many potential Rabbi Dr. Max Wiener died in New York at question, however, is that applicants for membership Menuhins ancd Heifetzes perished in the gas the age of 68. Before his emigration. Dr. Wiener must be unreservedly opposed to all Fascist and chambers, but it is a sad symptom of our days that was a Rabbi of the Berlin Jewish Community. He Nazi doctrines, and that they have to prove this to some of the survivors are still in search of a country. was well known as an outstanding religious thinker. our Membership Committee prior to their admission. The Earl and Countess of Harewood associated In U.S.A. he was active in the educational work of Many D.Ps.," the speaker went on, " differ so much themselves with the cause of the function by the Congregation Habonim and held the office of from the present membership, that a clash of the acting as Patrons. the President of the Theodor Herzl Society of the Association's traditional policy and their own Zionist Organisation of America. opinions would be unavoidable before long." The Prof. Dr. Arthur Lippmann (formerly Ham­ Association should therefore concentrate " on the burg) died in Sydney recently. Before leaving task of acquiring members ouf of the many of our Nationalrat Dr. Fritz Stueber, member of the Hamburg in 1938 he was working at the St. Georg's own description who have recently arrived and who Austrian Organisation of Independents, was brought Hospital. He emigrated to Sydney, and in a short keep coming here." before the Law Court because he had declared that time succeeded in building up a practice as con­ all former inmates of concentration camps were a sultant for internal diseases. All his spare time pestilence and should be exterminated. He was was devoted to the establishment of the new It was a good idea of the Children and Youth acquitted. He denied to be an anti-Semite. When Jewish hospital in Sydney. Aliyah Committee to hold a Reception for the he was reminded to have said at a meeting that the delegates to the Conference of the International Jews had arrived from Poland in 1918 with nothing Mr. Siegmund Loeb (formerly Trier) died in Union for Child Welfare, which took place m but an umbrella and were now dollar millionaires, Richmond (Surrey) at the age of 90 years. He was London recently and at which Youth Aliyah as the Stueber said that he had only referred to the " Ost- very well known and greatly respected in German- Israel constituent body was represented. Only too juden." The Vienna paper Der Abend comments : Jewish life, especially in the Rhineland, where he often conferences, at which Jews and non-Jews are " The fact that a Stueber is not in prison but in came from. He held many civic and Jewish offices meeting are determined by discussions under the Parliament, characterises better than anything else and was, inter alia. Chairman of the Municipal heading : " The Jews and . . •" Here, however, the suicidal weakness of the Austrian democracy." Council and a leading member of the Lodge and of delegates from various countries, including Israel, the Jewish Central-Verein. In this country he exchanged their ideas on human and educational always took an interest in the work of the AJR, whose member he was since its inception. problems, which all of them have to face, though Mr. Abraham Rosenberg was the champion in they may be particularly intense in Israel. the Hessian Amateur Boxing Tournament in Kassel. RETURNEES FROM SHANGHAI Addresses at the Reception were given by Mrs. He represented the Frankfurt Boxing Club, " Ein- Loma Wingate, Dr. Israel Feldman, Co-Chairmen 106 refugees from Shanghai (almost aU of them tracht," but he is also a member of the Sport Club Jews) arrived in Bremerhaven, after having been of the Youth .Aliyah Committee, and Dr. Hans Maccabi, Cologne. Mr. Rosenberg obtained his Gaertner, Assistant Director of Education of refused admission to the United States. They had training at the Jewish Institute, Glasgow, after he been evacuated from Shanghai to San Francisco Youth Aliyah in Israel. , had been brought to Great Britain with a children's The climax was the Youth Alihay film to­ by IRO and were transported in locked trains to transport before the outbreak of war. He is 21 Ellis Island. They are now to be accommodated morrow's a Wonderful Day," the story of the boy years old and now lives in Friedberg. who having gone through the horrors of many in IRO camps, where their applications for ordinary concentration camps, has lost confidence in humanity NARRATOR immigration to U.S..A.. are going to be dealt with.

CLASSIFIED ENGINEER, 29, G.I.Mech.E., 13 yrs' PRIVATE COMPANY near London MISSING PERSONS experience in tool-room and produc­ manufacturing Chemical Products for Inquiries from AJR Employment tion ; at present development engineer technical purposes has surplus Factory Sheldon, Ralph (formerly Rudi AJR EMPLOYMENT AGENCY (an­ and tool-designer ; seeks position of space and capital available for sound Sender), from Hennweiler, for .^^ugust nually licensed by the L.C.C.) has on responsibility in light engineering or projects and invites propositions. Gass, Hennweiler. its register men and women (skilled similar anywhere. Saturdays off Apply Box 902. Brach, Dr. Max and Grete, nee and unskilled), also homeworkers of required. Box 904. FULLY QUALIFIED and experienced Gutmann, from Berlin-Wilmersdorf, any kind, sitters-in. Report vacancies nurse offers to take invalid or child(ren) Uhlandstr. 126, for Guido v. Kaula, esp. for book- and storekeepers. CHEMIST indst. & pharmac. German Konstanz. orig. is seeking a job in London. to Israel in September or October. Tel. MAI 4449. Terms on agreement. Box 901. HaUitscher, E., M.D. (or HolUtscher), Box 909. who was assistant medical officer at AGENT WANTED who would Crumpsall Hospital, Manchester, June propagate advertising as a side line. SHORTHAND TYPIST, good at Personal figures, wanted by small progressive 1942 to October 1943 for AJR. Good connections, esp. with retailers, FOR RELATIVE, Lady, intell., good Heirs of Scholem, Hermine, of restaurants, etc., desirable. Box 898. wholesale chemists. Interesting work. Good prospects. Every 3rd Saturday appear., business exp., wishes to meet Kirchheimbolanden, for AJR. PiVTTERN CUTTER, exp., female, free. Terminus 9333. bus. owner (or wilUng to open up a new wants work. Box 907. bus.), refined, 48-55, object matrimony. Inquiries from URO TiVILORESS and dressmaker, exp., Strict conf. Box 905. 8 Fairfax Mansions, N.W.3. wants work. Box 908. Accommodation The present addresses of the foUowing LADY (tall and slim) with own home persons, whose last known address is YOUNG SECRETARY with know­ ACCOMMOD.\TION of any kind in London, would like to marry again. wanted. AJR Social Service Dept. mentioned after each name, are ledge of Shorthand and Book-keeping, Gentlemen in good position age between wanted by the United Restitution French, Spanish, Hebrew, wants con­ PROFESSIONAL GENTLEMAN 45—55, areasked to write under Box Office : 910. genial position in organisation. Box 906. requires large room in quiet good Haber, Ludwig Fritz, 85 Carmel home, with telephone and partial ATTRACTIVE Court, Kings Drive, Wembley Park. BOOK-KEEPING board, in London S.W. — L. H., 40 Lax, Hans, Rue JoUy 135, BruxeUes- Nine Elms Lane, S.W.8. YOUNG WOMAN Schaerbeck, Belgium. IN ALL CURRENCIES, (formerly Viennese) Llsser, Ernst, 49 Hall Mead, Letch­ tall, slim, very capable, with 6 year old PAYE, INVOICING, ETC. nice little boy, wishes to meet personable worth, Herts. Are you without help in keeping your accounts ? Miscellaneous gentleman up to SO years of age, in Schiller, K. F.. Highcliffe, Mundesley- Is your book-keeper ill ? Is he on Holiday ? ALTERATIONS, Remodels. Dress­ comfortable position. on-Sea, Norfolk. Whatever your requirftmcnts. they will be Agent welcome. Confidential. met promptly and you can rest assured of maker, Mrs. Cohn, 158 Adelaide Road. Write ID : Box No. 17194, Advert. Office, Friedlander, Heinz-Siegfried, Cross the best attention. Write to Box Nr. 890 PRI 7428. 63. Lancaster Grove. N.W. 3 Roads Camp, V/Hoogts, Pretoria, S..\. AJR INFORMATION August, 1950 Page 7 AJR ANNOUNCEMENTS IN MEMORY OF BERLIN'S SYNAGOGUES AJR EMPLOYMENT AGENCY This time we bring a list of people who are To commemorate the BerUn Synagogues which Community and to give evidence of their solidarity specialised and have difficulties to find work in their were burnt down in 1938, the Berlin Jewish Com­ with the Jews in Berlin, most of whom had to go line :— munity issued stamps which are reprinted on this through terrible hardships. Elderly lady makes portrait sketches in small page. The proceeds of the sale are meant to be At the same time, the stamps will keep alive the sizes or similar work. used for the educational, cultural and social work of memory of the destroyed buildings, which meant so Widow makes handmade model flowers, designs the Community. The AJR agreed to organize the much to former members of the Community. A full set of stamps can be obtained from the for embroideries, textile repeat, etc. sale of the stamps in this country after the consent AJR at the price of 8s., or on a beautifully made up Young man wants work as a 2nd machinist for of the Currency .\uthorities had been obtained. ladies' coats or advertising job. cardboard " Schmuckblatt," 10s. ; the price for This is the first opportunity for immigrants from Elderly woman makes pearl work as homework. single stamps according to choice is Is. each Berlin to express their attachment to their previous (minimum 2s.). Special Cases of Disabled Persons Deaf woman with bad eyesight wants unskilled A|fuU set of stamps consists of illustrations of the following Synagogues : homework. Oranienburger Str., Pestalozzi Str., Ryke Str., Levetzow Ex-serviceman with light heart disease (cannot Str., Prlnzregenten Str., Fasanen Str., Markgraf Albrecht carry things for a long time) wants job as packer, Str., Muenchener Str., Heidereuter Gasse, Kottbuser Ufer. warehouseman or storekeeper. Elderly lady who came from Shanghai, not very strong, wants light housework or cooking, caring for children, etc. FAMILY ANNOUNCEMENTS The diligence with which readers follow up " AJR Information " is mirrored in the great number of communications which reach AJR Head Office as soon as a new issue has been despatched. Some readers give the address of persons whose Blocks by Courtesy of the " Jewish Chronicle " names had been published under the column " Missing Persons," others are anxious to contact an artist who had been mentioned in the " Old REVIVAL OF THE A.I.G.V. FROM THE JEWS IN GERMANY Acquaintances " column, and many letters of The Academic Association for Jewish History Berlin.—The new Board of the Community con­ felicitations pass through the office in response to and Literature (" Akademischer Verein fuer jued. sists of the following members : Mr. Heinz Galinski, the announcement under " Personalia." Geschichte und Literatur "), founded in Berlin in the Mr. Albert Borchardt, Dr. Erich Simon, Mr. Julius So far such announcements had been restricted 'eighties, steered a healthy middle course between Meyer and Mr. Bernhard Wollstein.—The Chairman to personalities who, in one way or another, have the K.C. (the Students' Group advocating the of the Representatives will be Dr. Hans Freund, taken an active part in public life. To strengthen Central-Verein ideology) and the Zionist K.J.V. his Deputy Mr. Albert Goldkorn. the bonds between members of a community now Among its honorary members and " Alte Herren " Members of the B'ne B'rith Lodge, who had scattered all over the world, a special column will were men like Hermann Cohen, Moritz Lazarus, survived persecution in Berlin, or who returned now be opened in which—free of charge—birthday Ismar Elbogen and Leo Baeck. It was Dr. Baeck after the war, meet in monthly intervals in the and wedding jubilees and other personal events who welcomed former students of the A.I.G.V. in premises of the Jewish Community, Joachimsthaler wUl be published. the rooms of the " Association of Jewish Refugees Strasse, in order to keep contacts amongst each Entries should be sent to the Editor not later than in Great Britain," at a gathering convened by the other as well as with their brethren abroad. At a the 15th of each month. deserving committee members of tliis organisation. recent meeting, Amtsgerichtsrat a.D. Lewinski Dr. Martin Levy and Dr. Ada Levy. FRIENDSHIP CLUBS FOR LONELY PEOPLE spoke about the subject ; " What does the Bible Dr. Martin Levy commemorated in his address The League of Jewish Woman has opened mean to us ? " those members of the A.I.G.V. who had perished Hamburg.—Rabbi Ignac Oehlbaum was ap­ Friendship Clubs in the Synagogue halls at Dunstan under the Nazis. Road (Golders Green) and at Dennington Park pointed Rabbi of the Community. In his welcome Dr. Franz Pollak moved the address of thanks address the Chairman, Mr. Harry Goldstein, stated Road (Hampstead). to Dr. Baeck, leader of German Jewry, whose The meetings are taking place in Golders Green with satisfaction that now, for the first time after edifying words were spiritual food for a whole year, the war, Hamburg had again a Rabbi. Rabbi on Wednesday and in Hampstead on Thursday and to Miss Levy who, together with the " Frauen- afternoon from 2.30 to 5.30. Arrangements have Oehlbaum had for 17 years held offices with com­ gruppe," efficient and self-sacrificing as ever, has munities in Czechoslovakia. been made for concerts and games (cards, etc.), made the reunion such a success. The A.G.I.V., he Frankfurt.—New Kindergarten premises of the and tea and cake is served at a charge of 4d. said, had always been conscious of the perennial Community were opened in the Gagern Strasse in It is one of the objects of these gatherings to give values of Judaism, less concerned with the political the presence of representatives of the State and lonely people some friendly atmosphere and to issues of the K.C. and the K.J.V. The unifying Municipal authorities and of the Jewish Community. make them acquainted with each other. bond of friendship has weathered the storms of Dresden.—A new Synagogue was consecrated INQUIRY HOURS decades. " Alte Herren " in their sixties attended in the presence of representatives of the Saxonian The United Restitution Office wishes to inform the meeting, the generation of the fifties met anew, Government, the Czechoslovakian and Polish readers that inquiries over the 'phone can only be and among the younger ones, not any longer young Mission and the Ecclesiastical and Municipal answered from 10 a.m.—I p.m. and from 2 p.m.— themselves, were already the sons of those men Authorities. The cupola of the new building is 6 p.m. It would considerably facilitate the efficient who had been " Alte Herren " when those who are adorned by the same Magen David which crowned work of the office if readers would kindly refrain fifty now were active students. the old Synagogue building. When, in 1938, the from making inquiries outside these hours. Letters were sent to fellow-students all over the old Synagogue was burnt down, some courageous THE HYPHEN world. Would those A.I.G.V. members whom firemen saved the Magen David and took it into Readers who wish to be informed about the these lines will reach, kindly communicate with custody. After the war they returned it to the " Hyphen" should contact Miss Use Leven, 78 Dr. Adelheid Levy, Association of Jewish Refugees Community. In his address the Chairman of the Compajme Gardens, N.W.6. in Great Britain, 8 Fairfax Mansions, N.W.3. Community, Mr. Leo Loewenkopf, stated that of the Particulars about outdoor activities may be Dr. LUTZ WELTMANN. 6,000 members of the Community only 200 had obtained from Mr. Peter Johnson, 8 Grove End survived Nazi persecution. Gardens, N.W.8. Bad Oeynhausen.—Dr. Walter Kronheim, SOCIAL FUNCTION ORT SCHOOL IN HAMPSTEAD Oberstadtdirektor of Bad Oeynhausen. suddenly The Dance, under the auspices of the AJR and A Technical School is shortly to be opened in died at the age of 54 years. He had survived Nazi the Hyphen on June 29th, was very well attended, Belsize Lane, Hampstead, for the purpose of giving persecution by living in hiding and was recently and all those who were present spent an enjoyable trade training to adult refugees living in North-West elected President of the German " Baederverband." evening at the Golders Green Refectory. London. He took an active part in Jewish Ufe.

'*ASHDALE GUESTHOUSE Norman Bentwich : Saturday and Sunday J. A. C. 23. BEAULIEU ROAD BROADHURST HALL, Dance with Cabaret 1 BROADHURST GARDENS, N.W.6 BOURNEMOUTH W. (behind John Barnes) Tel. Westbourne 619471 I UNDERSTAND at the Open Daily from 3-13 p.m. 5 min. Sea— All Conveniences—Winter EX-SERVICE (N.B.) tor Residence now booking. THE RISKS Substantial reduction for long stay. ASSOCIATION CLUB Teas, Dinnexs and Prop. E. & H. Bruder The Story of the Refugees who 3 CIRCUS ROAX), late Suppers St. Johns Wood, London, N.W.S. Excellent Goteine — Tea Garden Clifton Guesthouse fought in the British Forces. All Members and their Friends are Welcome Coffee Lounge — Own Viennese Patissery 14 CLIFTON PLACE Ftilly Licensed Brighton 277231 Restaurant open daily from 12 noon Dmnce by CandleUght : Saturday and Copies at the reduced price of 6/6 until 11 p.m. A VERY REASONABLE incl. postage (official price 10/6) Sunday Evening AND ATTRACTIVE We cater for all parties : Weddings, LARGE HALL for obtainable from AJR Headquarters, Barmizwahs, etc WEDDINGS, RECEPTIONS, CONCERTS, CATERING - ESTABLISHMENT MEETINGS. Etc .,„ ,^^, Continental Cooking. All conveniences 8 Fairfax Mansions, London, N.W.3. Seating up to 180 persons. Members and Friends Reserv. MAI 9457 Prop. K. and G. Atkins Paget AJR INFORMATION August, 1950 INDUSTRIAL A. BREUER L. SCHEIBE TTPEWRITERS fom. PobtenBoebel & MatiaUeafabrik. BerUn P HOTOGRAPHY ZEBTITH UPHOLSTERY Photostat Copies, 57 Fairfax Road> Photo Reproductions, Lithoprinting N.W.6 TAILOR Re - upholstery and Re' cover of all GOLDERSTAT, 9S,Cambridge Road, MAI 1271 kinds of Furniture and Mattresses Loose Covers, Curtains, etc. Kilburn, London MAI 3671/2 NEW STANDARD A PORTABLES in Stock SEaVICE LIMITED 19 Links Rd., N.W.3. TeL: GLA 7808 M. FISCHLER SUITS and COSTUMES CONTINENTAL UPHOLSTERY F. FRIEDLAND made to measure by first Shop & Offlce Fitting, FIRST CLASS WOREMANSHIP AND BEST class Tailors in our own MATIRIALS USID. CARPETS PITTED Cabinet Maker, French Polishing, Furniture Repair, Upholstery workroom. 6^H^a AND ALL HMDS OP FURNITURE MADE AND RIPAIRID, ALSO CURTAINS AND General House Repairs ' New Look ' MATTRESSES W^e specialise in : Children's Footwear 188 CAMBRIDGE ROAD. N.W.6 117, MELROSE AVENUE, N.W.2 Tel : MAI 8910 TeL: GLA 1625 or EDG 7124 ALTERATIONS AND REMODELLING WATCH, CLOCK & JEWELLERY REPAIRS all Ladies & Gentlemen's fuaj^ AJR RELIEF DEPARTMENT executed promptly by Suits at Competitive RUBBER GOODS (Sponsored by the Central British Fund for Jewish ilelief and Rehabilitation) Prices. EMSA-WORKS & HERBERT FOOT E. LEDERER APPLIANCE LTD. experienced watchmaker from Vienna Specialists oj highest ability BLACKBURN, Lanes. 33, Compa/ne Gardens, 31, BRISTOL GARDENS, W.9 and long experience London. N.W.6 (Warwick Ave. Stat.) Tel.: CUN. 8S82 (FinchI*/ Road Tub* Station) 172 FINCHLEY ROAD M. GLASER LONDON, N.W. 3 ( \'^^f ) Consignments should be dispatched to PRACTICAL UPHOLSTERER (between Finchley Rd. Underground this address and not to 8 Fairfax Mansions and L.M.S. Stats.) All Re-Upholstery, Carpets, Furniture Repair, French Polishing Please send us your used WILL BE DONE TO YOUR M. G. STREAT clothing (if in good condition) SATISFACTION — 30, Dennington Park Road, Phone HAMpatead S601 or call at for Israel 432 PINCHLEY RD. (CSllld's HUl) N.W.2 N.W.6 We need BABIES' and CHILDREN'S WEAR PAINTING, •OPTICIAN- Men's Suits and Underwear, DECORATING, Books (in German or Hebrew) NEW A. OTTEN, P.B.OJk. (Honour!) Toys and Games if complete PAPERHANGING RECOGNISED FOR Telephone: CUSTOMERS at Reasonable Prices ALL OPTICAL BENEFITS MAIDA VALE 7997 TeL: HAM 1541 COMPLETE SERVICE THROUGH NEWMAN'S 118 FINCHLEY ROAD. N.W.3 SPACB DONATBD BY ADVERTISEMENTS (Oppotlto John Barnas and %. F. k O. HALLSARTBM Wiae* ud Splritt COSY PInchlajf Road, Mat. Station). Impeeteri * BfaHan in "AJR INFORMATION" 1 CRUTCHED FRIARS, LONDON, E.C.3 SLIPPERS PHONE : HAM 8336 for Appointment Deadline: ISth of the Month

CORSETS, BRASSIERES, CORSELETTES SWIMMING SUITS — LASTEX, VACANCIES Made to meosure by surgical Appliances a Speciality Moderate fees Mn. F. Wiener, 3, Fawley Mansions, should West End Une, N.W.6 Tel. HAH 7058 Appointments only he reported excellent NEWMAN'S SLIPPERS primtamg done to LTD. BLACKBURN udth the best service Urgent matters in 24 hours AJR EMPLOYMENT AGENCY Valentine & Woiff 5neur«nce JStohere LTD. H. I. WALL, Phone: EDG 3450 8 Fairfax Mansions, London, N.W.S 59 NEW OXFORD STREET Tel. : MAIda Vale 4449 CORSETS LONDON. W.C.1 BRASSIERES If you need Printing try FOR THE HIGH FESTIVALS TcLi TEMple Bar 0842/3/4 Made to Measure The Gutenberg Press Machsorim Taleisim Caps also Repairs — Alterations Printers Ltd. Luachs 5711 New Year Cards Mrt. E. SONNENFELD Magazines, Colour, Tabular Work, M.SULZBACHER AU Types of InrarancM wltk Apply 24 St. John's Rd... Colders Green, Catalogues and Stationery Jewish and Hebrew Books (also pnrchase) Uoydi and ali Compenie* Plumttm AppmsHmtiU SPB »uf. N.W. 11 45, FAIRFAX PLACE, LONDON, N.W.6 4 Sneath Avenue, Golders Green, Ttlcphonc: HAIDA VALE OOM London, N.W.II Tel.; SPE 1694 Primted by LANGLBY & SONS LTD., Bostoa Buildincs. Londoa N.W. 1