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Redalyc.Wildlife Vertebrate Mortality in Roads from Santa Fe Province Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad ISSN: 1870-3453 [email protected] Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México México Attademo, Andrés M.; Peltzer, Paola M.; Lajmanovich, Rafael C.; Elberg, Gustavo; Junges, Celina; Sanchez, Laura C.; Bassó, Agustín Wildlife vertebrate mortality in roads from Santa Fe Province, Argentina Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad, vol. 82, núm. 3, septiembre, 2011, pp. 915-925 Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Distrito Federal, México Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=42520988018 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 82: 915-925, 2011 Wildlife vertebrate mortality in roads from Santa Fe Province, Argentina Mortalidad de vertebrados en caminos de la provincia de Santa Fe, Argentina Andrés M. Attademo1,2*, Paola M. Peltzer1,2, Rafael C. Lajmanovich1,2, Gustavo Elberg2, Celina Junges1,2, Laura C. Sanchez1,3 and Agustín Bassó2 1National Council for Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Paraje el Pozo s/n (3000), Santa Fe, Argentina. 2Faculty of Biochemistry and Biological Sciences ESS- FBCB-UNL, Paraje el Pozo s/n (3000), Santa Fe, Argentina. 3Centre of Scientific Investigation and Transference of Technology to the Production (CICYTTP), Materi and España s/n (3105), Diamante, Entre Ríos, Argentina. *Correspondent: [email protected] Abstract. Mortality of vertebrates was monitored on 2 roads (National Road 168; NR168 and Provincial Road 1; PR1) in Santa Fe Province (Argentina) from October 2007 to August 2008. These roads differed in traffic volume and surrounding landscape management conditions. We also investigated the influence of environmental variables (mean monthly air temperature and monthly total rainfall) on the incidence of road kills. Two people monitored the roads on foot (1 000-m line transects), 3 times a month (36 samples per road). We found 2 024 vertebrate road killed specimens representing 61 species (7 amphibians, 15 reptiles, 32 birds, and 7 mammals). The toad Rhinella fernandezae was the most frequently killed species (n = 1307, 64.57%). NR168 had a higher incidence of vertebrate road kills, particularity for amphibians, whereas birds had a higher incidence of road kills on PR1. We found a positive correlation between precipitation and temperature with vertebrate road kills on PR1. We suggest that vertebrate road mortality is a very serious problem for the conservation of the biodiversity in Santa Fe Province-Argentina, therefore implementing mitigation measures will be necessary. Key words: road kills, vertebrate, Santa Fe, Argentina. Resumen. Se estudió la mortalidad de vertebrados en 2 rutas (RP1: Ruta Provincial Nº 1 y RN168: Ruta Nacional Nº 168) de la Provincia de Santa Fe (Argentina) desde octubre de 2007 hasta agosto de 2008. Estas rutas diferían en el tránsito vehicular y obras de infraestructura. Además, se investigó la influencia de variables climáticas (temperatura media mensual y precipitación total mensual) con el atropellamiento de la fauna silvestre. Se realizaron de 2 a 3 transectos por mes de 1 000 m cada uno, los cuales fueron recorridos a pie por 2 observadores. Un total de 2 024 vertebrados fueron registrados distribuidos en 61 taxa (7 anfibios, 15 reptiles, 32 aves y 7 mamíferos). La especie más impactada fue el sapo Rhinella fernandezae (n = 1307, 64.57%). La RN168 presentó una alta abundancia de vertebrados particularmente de anfibios, mientras que las aves fueron más representativas en la RP1. Se encontró una correlación positiva entre las variables ambientales (precipitación y temperatura) con la mortalidad de vertebrados en la RP1. Sugerimos que la mortandad de vertebrados en la Provincia de Santa Fe, Argentina, es un problema serio para la conservación de la biodiversidad, siendo necesaria la implementación de medidas de mitigación. Palabras clave: mortalidad, rutas, vertebrados, Santa Fe, Argentina. Introduction and in dispersal of exotic species (Foster and Humphrey, 1995; Newmark et al., 1996; Arroyave et al., 2006; Das et Although road ecology is a recent science in al., 2007; Row et al., 2007; Shwiff et al., 2007; Seshadri et South America, it is increasing rapidly with the public al., 2009).. Accordingly, roads act as barriers or filters, becoming aware of its relevance to the protection of causing habitat fragmentation and population isolation wildlife populations. In general, the effects of roads (Forman and Alexander, 1998; Trombulak and Frissell, on related aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems and 2000; Jaeger et al., 2005; Row et al., 2007; Shepard wildlife are well documented, with changes reported et al., 2008). Road edges also affect microclimate by in wildlife behavior, survival, and breeding density, producing changes in temperature and humidity, wind speed, and levels of solar radiation that can influence wildlife directly or through changes in the composition Recibido: 10 junio 2010; aceptado: 03 noviembre 2010 of roadside vegetation (Matlack, 1994). 714.indd 1 27/09/2011 12:17:31 p.m. 916 Attademo et al.- Wildlife vertebrate mortality in roads from Argentina Traffic volume and density have greatly increased area belongs to the Espinal and Delta-Islas ecoregions over the past 2 decades (Fahrig et al., 1995), producing (Burkart et al., 1999), with a mean annual temperature road kill rates that exceed natural mortality (Ferreras of 18ºC, and annual average precipitation of 800 mm, et al., 1992), and affecting wild population densities mostly distributed in spring and summer. The area is (Fahrig et al., 1995; Huijser and Bergers, 2000), and sex dominated by wetlands, remnant of fluvial forests, and structure (Gibbs and Steen, 2005). Diverse taxonomic urban settlements. Recently, this area, together with the groups are affected by vehicle collisions worldwide, central region of Argentina, were considered the principal including mammals (Clarke et al., 1998), birds (Erritzoe trade corridor of the region, optimizing trade and service et al., 2003), reptiles (Bernardino and Dalrymple, 1992; flow between commercial centers in Argentina, Chile, Aresco, 2005; Shepard et al., 2008), amphibians (Fahrig Paraguay, and Uruguay (ANER, 2008). et al., 1995; Hels and Buchwald, 2001; Glista et al., Field survey. We selected 2 important roads situated in the 2008), and invertebrates (Seibert and Conover, 1991; floodplain of the Paraná River (Fig. 1). National Road Nº Mckenna et al., 2001). Likewise, this problem is widely 168 (NR168) is a two-lane road of intense traffic located suspected to play a role in vertebrate decline, particularly near the Paraná River that connects 2 important urban for amphibians (Blaustein and Wake, 1990; Gibbons et areas: Santa Fe and Paraná cities. Mean daily traffic in al., 2000; Ceballos and Ehrlich, 2002; Stuart et al., 2004, 2008 ranged between 9 500 and 10 000 for heavy vehicles Glista et al., 2008). such as trucks and buses (El Litoral, 2008). The speed In Argentina, despite the relatively dense paved limit is 110 km/h; traffic flow is more important in summer and unpaved road network (38 484 km; DNV, 2001) than in winter. At present, the road is being enlarged; and the growing number of vehicles (which increased the project consists in constructing a new 7.30 m-wide, approximately 22% between 2002 and 2007; DNRPA, concrete two-lane roadway with asphalt shoulders. For 2010), issues related to the impact of roads and traffic the construction and widening of this road, large amounts on fauna have not been duly identified (Cairo and Zalba, of soil and sand are being removed from the roadsides, 2007). The creation of the Southern Cone Common producing a great local impact. The other road studied Market (MERCOSUR) accelerated the modification was Provincial Road Nº 1 (PR1) situated between Rincón of natural environments. In view of the upcoming road and Los Zapallos localities (Santa Fe Province), which network improvement and expansion in Argentina, it is characterized by its lower and more homogeneous seems necessary to undertake comprehensive studies vehicle flow throughout the year (generally increasing in aimed at determining the extent of the effect of roads on summer) with a speed limit of 80 km/h. In 2007-2008, vertebrate species. daily mean traffic was 2 208 vehicles. The PR1 stretch Therefore, to understand the potential impacts selected runs across wetlands and lowlands, and was of road on wildlife, we determined the spatial and similar to NR168 in environmental characteristics and temporal composition of road mortality of vertebrate landscape structure. There are no plans to extend this species due to vehicle collision on 2 roads of Santa Fe road in the near future. Province (Argentina). Specifically, we answered these Animal data collection and environmental variables. questions, 1), what are the groups of vertebrates most We conducted road mortality detection surveys from heavily impacted? 2), is there any variation in the October 2007 to September 2008. On each road (NR168 composition of vertebrates killed according to traffic and PR1) stretch, we randomly projected trhee 1 000-m volume and surrounding landscape management? and line transects and sampled each one 3 times per month 3), what is the influence of environmental variables (N= 36 samples per road). Two observers reviewed the (precipitation and
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