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The Acculturation Process for Kaigaishijo: a Qualitative Study of Four Japanese Students in an American School

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The Acculturation Process for Kaigaishijo: a Qualitative Study of Four Japanese Students in an American School W&M ScholarWorks Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects 1998 The acculturation process for kaigaishijo: A qualitative study of four Japanese students in an American school Linda F. Harkins College of William & Mary - School of Education Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd Part of the Bilingual, Multilingual, and Multicultural Education Commons, Personality and Social Contexts Commons, Social and Cultural Anthropology Commons, and the Social Psychology Commons Recommended Citation Harkins, Linda F., "The acculturation process for kaigaishijo: A qualitative study of four Japanese students in an American school" (1998). Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects. Paper 1539618735. https://dx.doi.org/doi:10.25774/w4-6dp2-fn37 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects at W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORM ATION TO U SE R S This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type o f computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6” x 9” black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. UMI A Bell & Howell Information Company 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor MI 48106-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800/521-0600 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with with permission permission of the of copyright the copyright owner. owner.Further reproductionFurther reproduction prohibited without prohibited permission. without permission. THE ACCULTURATION PROCESS FOR KAIGAISHIJO A QUALITATIVE STUDY OF FOUR JAPANESE STUDENTS IN AN AMERICAN SCHOOL A Dissertation Presented to The Faculty of the School of Education The College of William and Mary in Virginia In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Education by Linda F. Harkins May 1998 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. UMI Number: 9903263 Copyright 1999 by Harkins, Linda F. All rights reserved. UMI Microform 9903263 Copyright 1998, by UMI Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. UMI 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, MI 48103 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. THE ACCULTURATION PROCESS FOR KAIGAISHIJO A QUALITATIVE STUDY OF FOUR JAPANESE STUDENTS IN AN AMERICAN SCHOOL by Linda F. Harkins Approved May 1998 by A Dorothy E. Finnegan, Ph.1 Chairperson of Doctoral Committee ^jo y ce VanTassel-BaskavPhTb. Robert J. Hanny, PlvO. 11 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. For Vanessa iii Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgments............................................................................................................... vii List of Figures.....................................................................................................................viii Abstract ................................................................................................................................. ix Chapter 1 - The Phenomenon of Kaigaishijo in an American School ................................2 Statement of the Problem ..................................................................................... 10 Statement of the Purpose ........................................................................................ 14 Limitations and Delimitations................................................................................17 Definitions of Key Terms....................................................................................... 19 Chapter 2 - When Cultures Interface .................................................................................. 22 The Chinese Experience in America ......................................................................27 The Japanese Experience in America .....................................................................30 Marginality............................................................................................................35 Involuntary Minorities..........................................................................................37 Interpersonal Relationships .................................................................................. 38 Educational Environment ..................................................................................... 44 Language Proficiency........................................................................................... 46 Maturation............................................................................................................. 47 Summary............................................................................................................... 49 iv Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Chapter 3 - Decoding Inscrutability ...................................................................................51 Theoretical Underpinnings .....................................................................................53 Acculturation .......................................................................................................... 56 Emerging Insights ...................................................................................................65 Procedures............................................................................................................... 68 Conclusions............................................................................................................. 74 Chapter 4 - Four Kaigaishijo in an American School ........................................................ 75 Subjects ....................................................................................................................79 ESL Services ........................................................................................................... 82 Acculturation Process.............................................................................................. 83 Ken’s Story.............................................................................................................. 84 Maki’s Story.......................................................................................................... 106 Yoko’s Story.......................................................................................................... 125 Tsuneo’s Story....................................................................................................... 147 Conclusions.............................................................................................................182 Chapter 5 - From Acculturation to Cosmopolitanism ........................................................184 Factors that Impact Acculturation ..........................................................................189 States and Phases of Acculturation ....................................................................... 213 Our Responsibility.................................................................................................215 Recommendations for Further Research ...............................................................219 References...........................................................................................................................222 Appendices..........................................................................................................................238 v Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Appendix A - Permission from Human Subjects Review Committee ............... 238 Appendix B - Information to Parents of Selected Participants ...........................239 Appendix C - Parent Consent Form .................................................................... 243 Appendix D - Student Interview Questions .......................................................
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