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Diseño Conceptual Y Preliminar De Un Avión Tipo Comercial

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Diseño Conceptual Y Preliminar De Un Avión Tipo Comercial DISEÑO CONCEPTUAL Y PRELIMINAR DE UN AVIÓN TIPO COMERCIAL Autor: Jheferson Riascos Viveros FUNDACIÓN UNIVERSITARIA LOS LIBERTADORES Facultad de ingeniería Programa de ingeniería aeronáutica Bogotá D.C 2016 DISEÑO CONCEPTUAL Y PRELIMINAR DE UN AVIÓN TIPO COMERCIAL Autor: Jheferson Riascos Viveros Trabajo de grado para optar por el título de Ingeniero aeronáutico Asesor: Andreas Werner Alwin Gravenhorst FUNDACIÓN UNIVERSITARIA LOS LIBERTADORES Facultad de ingeniería Programa de ingeniería aeronáutica Bogotá D.C 2016 Notas de Aceptación _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _______________________________ Presidente del Jurado _________________________________ Jurado _________________________________ Jurado _________________________________ Asesor Metodológico Bogotá D.C DEDICATORIA A Dios porque cumplí el propósito de él en mi permitiendo que este que este proyecto de grado sea todo un éxito. A mi padre porque la mejor herencia que me ha dado a parte de su infinito amor, el conocimiento, sus consejos, su apoyo de manera incondicional, sin importar mis errores y fracasos. A mi madre que me enseño las cosas de la vida, me creó con principios, valores y que desde el cielo me apoyó para culminar con éxito mi carrera y verme como todo un ingeniero aeronáutico. A mis hermanos Robinson Riascos Viveros, Daniel Riascos Carmona y Tatiana Katherine Riascos Viveros por su amor y apoyo de manera incondicional. A todos los docentes y compañeros que me aconsejaron y me motivaron para que este proyecto de grado sea todo un éxito. AGRADECIMIENTOS A mi familia por su apoyo de manera incondicional y permitir que mi sueño de ser ingeniero aeronáutico sea una realidad. Al ing. Andreas Gravenhorst que por su gran experiencia, conocimiento y trayectoria en el ámbito aeronáutico, me orientó brindando sus aportes, sugerencias y opiniones que fueron de vital importancia para la culminación de este proyecto de grado. Al ing. Nelson Javier Pedraza Betancourt que por su actitud me ayudo de buena fe en orientarme de la manera correcta para la culminación del proyecto de grado. Al ing. John Jairo Vaca Ríos por su tiempo, amistad y sus enseñanzas. Al ing. Francisco Javier González Cruz y Jairo Andrés Gutiérrez Suarez por su cooperación y disposición A mis amigos y monitores de los laboratorios por su apoyo y paciencia en el desarrollo del proyecto de grado. 1. CONCEPTOS .................................................................................................. 21 1.1 CONCEPTO DE DISEÑO ......................................................................... 21 1.1.1 Diseño de aeronaves ......................................................................... 21 1.1.2 Diseño conceptual .............................................................................. 21 1.1.3 Diseño preliminar ............................................................................... 22 2. HIPOTESIS ..................................................................................................... 23 2.1 COEFICIENTE DE OSWALD ....................................................................... 24 2.2 CUERDA MEDIA AERODINAMICA (MAC) .................................................. 24 3. NORMATIVAS ................................................................................................. 26 3.1 FAA FAR Part 1 – DEFINICION Y ABREVIATURAS ............................... 26 3.1.1 FAA FAR Part 25 – ESTANDARES DE AERONAVEGABILIDAD: CATEGORIA DE AVIONES DE TRANSPORTE– SUB-PARTE B .................. 26 4. AERONAVES SIMILARES .............................................................................. 27 4.1 DOUGLAS DC-10 ......................................................................................... 28 4.2 Tristar L-1011 ............................................................................................... 29 4.3 Boeing 747 ................................................................................................... 30 4.4 Airbus 380 .................................................................................................... 31 4.5 Antonov 225 ................................................................................................. 31 5. PLANTAMIENTO DEL PROBLEMA ............................................................... 32 6. JUSTIFICACIÓN ............................................................................................. 33 7. OBJETIVOS .................................................................................................... 35 7.1 OBJETIVO GENERAL .................................................................................. 35 7.2 OBJETIVOS ESPECÍFICOS ........................................................................ 35 8. METODOLOGÍA .............................................................................................. 35 8.1 TIPO DE INVESTIGACIÓN: ......................................................................... 35 8.2 ETAPAS METODOLÓGICAS: ...................................................................... 35 8.3 DISEÑO CONCEPTUAL: ............................................................................. 36 8.4 DISEÑO PRELIMINAR: ................................................................................ 36 9. FASE DE DISEÑO CONCEPTUAL ................................................................. 36 9.1 INTRODUCCION .......................................................................................... 36 9.2 FUNCIONES DE LOS COMPONENTES PRIMARIOS DEL AVIÓN ............ 39 9.3 CONFIGURACIONES ALTERNATIVAS DEL AVIÓN A DISEÑAR .............. 44 9.4 CONFIGURACIÓN DEL PLANO ALAR ........................................................ 50 9.5 CONFIGURACION DEL EMPENAJE ........................................................... 56 9.6 CONFIGURACIÓN DEL SISTEMA DE PROPULSIÓN ................................ 62 9.7 CONFIGURACIÓN DEL TREN DE ATERRIZAJE ........................................ 65 9.8 CONFIGURACIÓN DEL FUSELAJE ............................................................ 69 9.9 DISEÑO CONCEPTUAL DE LA AERONAVE .............................................. 72 9.10 ESTIMACION DEL PESO DEL AVIÓN ...................................................... 75 10. FASE DE DISEÑO PRELIMINAR ............................................................. 79 10.1 PERFORMANCE ...................................................................................... 80 10.1.1 RELACION DE SUTENTACION/DRAG ............................................. 80 10.1.2 VELOCIDADES .................................................................................. 81 10.1.5 RANGOS ............................................................................................ 90 10.1.6 ÁREA ALAR ....................................................................................... 91 10.1.7 RELACION EMPUJE SOBRE PESO ................................................. 97 10.1.7.1 CLASIFICACIÓN DEL MOTOR ...................................................... 99 10.1.8 TAKE-OFF RUN ............................................................................... 114 10.1.9 RATA DE ACENSO .......................................................................... 122 10.1.10 TECHO DE SERVICIO (CEILING) ................................................ 128 10.1.11 ENDURANCE ............................................................................... 135 10.2 DISEÑO PRELIMINAR DEL PRIMER PLANO ALAR ............................. 137 10.2.1 INTRODUCCIÓN ................................................................................. 137 10.2.2 REFERENCIA DEL PRIMER PLANO ALAR O (REFERENCIA ALAR MÍNIMA REQUERIDA) .................................................................................. 137 10.2.3 CUERDA ALAR PROMEDIO DEL PRIMER PLANO ALAR ............. 139 10.2.4 ENVERGADURA DEL PRIMER PLANO ALAR ............................... 144 10.2.5 RELACIÓN DE ASPECTO DEL PRIMER PLANO ALAR (AR) ........ 146 10.2.6 TAPER λ .......................................................................................... 146 10.2.7 ANGULO DE AFLECHAMIENTO DEL PRIMER PLANO ALAR....... 148 10.2.8 Angulo Diedro ( ) ............................................................................. 150 10.2.9 NÚMEROS DE REYNOLDS ............................................................ 152 10.2.10 SELECCIÓN Y ESTUDIOS DEL PERFIL ALAR ........................... 153 10.2.11 INCIDENCIA DEL PLANO ALAR .................................................. 174 10.2.12 Twist Geométrico.............................................................................. 177 10.2.13 Twist aerodinámico ........................................................................... 177 10.2.14 Diseño preliminar en solid edge del plano alar ................................. 178 10.3 DISEÑO PRELIMINAR DEL FUSELAJE ................................................ 179 10.3.1 INTRODUCCIÓN ............................................................................. 179 10.3.2 DISEÑO, CONFIGURACIÓN Y DISPOSICIÓN INTERNA DEL FUSELAJE. ................................................................................................... 181 10.3.3 DISEÑO CABINA ............................................................................... 182 10.3.4 SECCIÓN TRANSVERSAL DE LA CABINA ...................................... 183 10.3.5 DISTANCIA Y TAMAÑO DE LOS ASIENTOS ................................... 185 10.3.6 NÚMERO Y TIPO DE
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