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Spring 2008 Zavitz Pines THE Spring 2008 Green Web Zavitz Pines: One Hundred Years of Growth by Professor Alan Watson, Director the land consisting of blowing sands. In Guelph, at the Ontario Agricultural he first tree planting in The Arboretum College, E.J. Zavitz was studying the use of Ttook place in fields on May 1971, just pines as way of reducing the loss of soil in 5 months after The Arboretum Master Plan the “blow sands” of Norfolk County. In 1907, was approved by the Board of Governors as part of his study, Zavitz planted rows of in November 1970. As one walks through White Pine (Pinus strobus) in a sandy area of The Arboretum, almost 38 years later, it is the OAC at the southwest corner of College inspiring to think of the transformation from Avenue and Victoria Road. That plantation is extensive fields with scattered remnant forests the first documented plantation of White Pine in the early 1970’s to the treed landscape we in Ontario. Zavitz didn’t get a chance to see his enjoy today. pine plantation grow because he left the OAC A large percentage of The Arboretum site was fields, cleared of the original forests after (continued on page 4) John Galt and “his boys” cut the first tree on the banks of the Speed River in April 1827. A map drawn in 1873 of the soon to be Ontario Agricultural College (OAC) shows the area of The Arboretum north of Stone Road. It is remarkable that in the 46 years between 1827 and 1873 most of the forest had been cleared and crops were being grown to feed the growing population of Europeans settling in the area. The clearing of the land to plant crops was a pattern that was repeated throughout southern Ontario during the 19th century. While today some of us may lament the lack of planning behind the clearing, it was certainly the “thing to do.” To not have cleared the land Planting White Pines (Pinus strobus) at the corner and planted a crop as soon after arriving as of College Avenue and Victoria Road in 1907. Looking east with Victoria Road visible at the far possible would have meant that one’s family left. The deciduous trees of Victoria Woods are would surely starve or, at least, not have been visible behind the planters. able to remain on the land. This unbridled clearing of the forest in eastern North America came back to haunt NSIDE THIS EDITION later generations. For example the rich I topsoil was formed by the decomposition of thousands of years of tree trunks, branches Zavitz Pines . 1 and leaves. The soil was held in place by the AuxiliaryActivities . 2 forest canopy and the extensive intertwined Tree to See . 3 roots of the trees. However, once the land Research . 4 was cleared of its arboreal protection, the soil From the Garden . 5 was often washed or blown away. This was Creature Feature . 6 especially true in the area of Ontario’s Norfolk Moving Along . 7 County where the material underlying the rich forest topsoil was sand. By the end of the 19th century and beginning of the 20th century, large areas of Norfolk County were barren; The Arboretum is ... Volunteers The Arboretum has a variety of areas where volunteers can expand their knowledge, assist staff and meet fellow enthusiastic nature lovers. AUXILIARY ACTIVITIES: New Volunteer Coordinator at Work by Barbara Parke maintenance/clean-up) of the formal Sale, held the 2nd Saturday of September gardens within The Arboretum. each year. Many volunteers from the ’m busy at work as the new Volunteer Mailing Assisting: Or as some other groups assist with various functions ICoordinator at The Arboretum. I’ve like to call it… our “Stuffing” sessions. on the actual day of the sale to make this got big shoes to fill, replacing this portion Auxiliary members meet to label and stuff annual event such a resounding success. of Rob Guthrie’s old job… but I’ll do my information packages for distribution Information for Auxiliary members best. You can find me in the Arboretum to Friends of The Arboretum, Auxiliary is provided through a newsletter, Arb Aux, Centre one day a week… my voicemail members and the public. which has recently been revamped and will indicate when I’m in the office. Foyer Reception Desk: Volunteers reissued. This new issue was fabulous The Arboretum Auxiliary is a welcome visitors and provide information with many interesting, informative articles great group of energetic individuals about The Arboretum. These Auxiliary and pictures… there were a few chuckles who volunteer their time to assist The members answer telephone calls, and too. Thanks to all the contributors, both Arboretum staff in various functions assist with office support. staff and Auxiliary members. A special throughout The Arboretum. The various Docents (Tour Guides): Auxiliary thanks to our publisher, Alvin Gillies, volunteers group include the following: members work under the supervision of an Auxiliary member. The Arb Aux can Grounds: Sean Fox supervises this Chris Earley, our Interpretive Biologist/ now be seen on The Arboretum’s web group of volunteers who assist with the Education Coordinator. These volunteers site at www.uoguelph.ca/arboretum/arb maintenance of The Arboretum grounds conduct organized tours of The Arboretum Overview/Volunteer. and formal woody areas. This group grounds. Extensive interpretive training Volunteering is fun… a great way to prunes and weeds, but also tackles some is provided to these group tour leaders. stay active and allow individuals to give of the bigger projects like brush removal, Plant Sale: Auxiliary members work back to their community. digging, edging and chipping of beds. under the direction of both Sean Fox and If you’d like to consider joining The Gardening: Under the supervision Lig Taurins. This group grows, pots, cares Arboretum Auxiliary, please give me a of The Arboretum’s Horticultural for, labels and organizes the many trees, call at 519-824-4120 ext. 53615 or send Technician, Lig Taurins, this group of shrubs, vines, herbaceous perennials and me an e-mail, [email protected]. volunteers focuses on the maintenance limited edition plants which are sold at (weeding, transplanting, general The Arboretum Auxiliary’s Annual Plant The Arboretum is ... Education The Arboretum offers the public a wide range of educational workshops. • trees • birds • ferns • pruning • shrubs • photography • astronomy • story-telling • wildflowers • mushrooms • dragonflies • tours • gardening • ponds • butterflies • growing plants • watercolours • pilates • owl prowls from seed 2 The Arboretum is ... Woody Plants The Arboretum is internationally recognized as having one of the most diverse collections of woody plants in all of Canada. TREE TO SEE: Big Shellbark Hickory (Carya laciniosa) by Sean Fox program “Picking Up The Paw Paws” also has the largest buds and leaves of any and the goal was to establish a Gene hickory tree. These large features are all he University of Guelph Arboretum is Bank to act as a repository for the rare very useful for identification. Tinternationally recognized as having and endangered woody plants of Ontario. Another unique feature is the one of the most diverse collections of Specimens representing nearly every persistence of the petioles (leaf stalks) on woody plants in all of Canada. What makes natural Ontarian population of these rare the twigs well into winter. The leaflets fall our collection particularly valuable is the species were propagated for cultivation off the tree in autumn, but the remaining, presence of plants of known provenance, in our Gene Bank seed orchards. The curved petioles give this hickory a very or origin. We propagate the majority of objectives of the Gene Bank were to unique look in the winter. the plants here in our Arboretum nursery, provide an ex situ conservation site as a Several of the species within our and we make special efforts to obtain back-up to in situ conservation efforts, Gene Bank seed orchards have begun to seed from plants growing naturally in and to act as a seed resource to reduce produce seed crops in the past few years. their place of origin. For example, if collection pressures on wild populations. With Big Shellbark Hickory being a large, a particular species of tree is native to Unique species within the Gene Bank long-lived tree, I had low expectations China, then we attempt to obtain seed of include Paw Paw (Asimina triloba), to find seeds on these trees in the near this species from a wild population that is Cucumber tree (Magnolia acuminata) future. So you can imagine my surprise actually growing in China. In our plant and this “Tree to See”, Big Shellbark to find one solitary tree producing nuts in records database we keep specific records Hickory (Carya laciniosa). the autumn of 2006. None of this tree’s with origin and cultivation details for There are approximately 20 species nearby kin have yet followed suit, but it all of the woody plants growing on our of hickories found in the world with four is at times like these where I’m able to grounds. of these being found in Canada. Big directly see the “fruits of their labour” of Historically, botanical gardens and Shellbark Hickory is very rare in this those before me (and the pun certainly arboreta have focused on collecting and country, with scattered specimens being was intended). displaying an array of unique and exotic found only in southwestern Ontario. In addition to our Gene Bank, you can plants, sometimes with disregard to the also find Big Shellbark Hickory growing native plants that were growing in their in the World of Trees Collection next to respective regions. In many cases, some the three other Canadian hickory species.
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